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Buccioni A, Antongiovanni M, Mele M, Gualtieri M, Minieri S, Rapaccini S. Effect of oleic and conjugated linoleic acid in the diet of broiler chickens on the live growth performances, carcass traits and meat fatty acid profile. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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52
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Jung MY, Park JS, Yoon SH. Quantitative determination of conjugated linoleic acids in hydrogenated vegetable oils using refractive index. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:121-124. [PMID: 30263246 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid contents in hydrogenated vegetable oils were differentially determined using refractive indices when the iodine value could not be used. The refractive indices of soybean oil, cottonseed oil, and corn oil varied linearly with changes of linoleic acid contents of individual oils with determination coefficients of 0.91, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively. The refractive index can be used as a simple and fast method for control of the hydrogenation process of vegetable oils to obtain a desired conjugated linoleic acid content without fatty acid compositional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Yhung Jung
- Department of Food Science and Culinary Art, Woosuk Unversity, Samnye, Jeonbuk, 55338 Korea
| | - Ji Su Park
- 2Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13539 Korea
| | - Suk Hoo Yoon
- 3Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Woosuk University, Samnye, Jeonbuk, 55338 Korea
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53
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Kim JH, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Park Y. Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Potential Health Benefits as a Functional Food Ingredient. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:221-44. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
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Kanwar JR, Kanwar RK, Stathopoulos S, Haggarty NW, MacGibbon AKH, Palmano KP, Roy K, Rowan A, Krissansen GW. Comparative activities of milk components in reversing chronic colitis. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2488-2501. [PMID: 26805965 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a poorly understood chronic immune disorder for which there is no medical cure. Milk and colostrum are rich sources of bioactives with immunomodulatory properties. Here we compared the therapeutic effects of oral delivery of bovine milk-derived iron-saturated lactoferrin (Fe-bLF), angiogenin, osteopontin (OPN), colostrum whey protein, Modulen IBD (Nestle Healthsciences, Rhodes, Australia), and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched milk fat in a mouse model of dextran sulfate-induced colitis. The CLA-enriched milk fat significantly increased mouse body weights after 24d of treatment, reduced epithelium damage, and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and nitrous oxide. Modulen IBD most effectively decreased the clinical score at d 12, and Modulen IBD and OPN most effectively lowered the inflammatory score. Myeloperoxidase activity that denotes neutrophil infiltration was significantly lower in mice fed Modulen IBD, OPN, angiogenin, and Fe-bLF. A significant decrease in the numbers of T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and a significant decrease in cytokine expression were observed in mice fed the treatment diets compared with dextran sulfate administered mice. The Fe-bLF, CLA-enriched milk fat, and Modulen IBD inhibited intestinal angiogenesis. In summary, each of the milk components attenuated IBD in mice, but with differing effectiveness against specific disease parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Kanwar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - R K Kanwar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | | | - N W Haggarty
- Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - K P Palmano
- Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Roy
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - A Rowan
- Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - G W Krissansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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55
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Autoxidation and photooxidation of triacylglycerols containing conjugated linoleic acids. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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56
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Aloud BM, Raj P, O'Hara K, Shao Z, Yu L, Anderson HD, Netticadan T. Conjugated linoleic acid prevents high glucose-induced hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Nutr Res 2015; 36:134-42. [PMID: 26826429 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk and incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, independently of other risk factors typically associated with diabetes such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. This promotes the development of a distinct condition of the heart muscle known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. We have previously shown that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) prevents endothelin-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, the effects of CLA in preventing alterations in cardiomyocyte structure and function due to high glucose are unknown. We therefore hypothesized that CLA will have protective effects in an in vitro model of diabetic cardiomyopathy using adult rat cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose. Our results demonstrate that subjecting adult rat cardiomyocytes to high glucose (25 mmol/L) for 24 hours significantly impaired the contractile function as evidenced by decreases in maximal velocity of shortening, peak shortening, and maximal velocity of relengthening. High glucose-induced contractile dysfunction was inhibited by pretreatment with CLA (30 μmol/L; 1 hour). In addition to contractile aberrations, exposing adult rat cardiomyocytes to high glucose for 48 hours induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. High glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was likewise prevented by CLA. The antihypertrophic effects of CLA were abolished when cardiomyocytes were pretreated with the pharmacologic inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, GW9662 (1 μmol/L). In conclusion, our findings show that exposing cardiomyocytes to high glucose results in cardiomyocyte functional and structural abnormalities, and these abnormalities are prevented by pretreatment with CLA and mediated, in part, by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Milad Aloud
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0J9; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Pema Raj
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0J9; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Kimberley O'Hara
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Zongjun Shao
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Liping Yu
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Hope D Anderson
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6; College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5.
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0J9; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6.
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Emami A, Fathi Nasri M, Ganjkhanlou M, Rashidi L, Zali A. Dietary pomegranate seed pulp increases conjugated-linoleic and -linolenic acids in muscle and adipose tissues of kid. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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58
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Characterization of hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid saturation metabolism in Lactobacillus plantarum AKU 1009a. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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59
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Viladomiu M, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J. Modulation of inflammation and immunity by dietary conjugated linoleic acid. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:87-95. [PMID: 25987426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. This family of polyunsaturated fatty acids has drawn significant attention in the last three decades for its variety of biologically beneficial properties and health effects. CLA has been shown to exert various potent protective functions such as anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiadipogenic, antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties in animal models of disease. Therefore, CLA represents a nutritional avenue to prevent lifestyle diseases or metabolic syndrome. Initially, the overall effects of CLA were thought to be the result of interactions between its two major isomers: cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12. However, later evidence suggests that such physiological effects of CLA might be different between the isomers: t-10, c-12-CLA is thought to be anticarcinogenic, antiobesity and antidiabetic, whereas c-9, t-11-CLA is mainly anti-inflammatory. Although preclinical data support a benefit of CLA supplementation, human clinical findings have yet to show definitive evidence of a positive effect. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively summarize the mechanisms of action and anti-inflammatory properties of dietary CLA supplementation and evaluate the potential uses of CLA in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Viladomiu
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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60
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Li SL, Ma SY, Xu BR, Fan ZY, Li MJ, Cao WG, Gou KM. Effects oftrans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid on mice are influenced by the dietary fat content and the degree of murine obesity. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Ma
- Feed Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Rui Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Fan
- Feed Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wen-Guang Cao
- Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ke-Mian Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
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61
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Chang Q, Zhou X, Wu C, Xu X, Jin Z. Preparation, characterization, water solubility, and targeted delivery of linear dextrin-conjugated linoleic acid inclusion complex. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Chunsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Xueming Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P.R. China
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62
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Yuan GF, Chen XE, Li D. Conjugated linolenic acids and their bioactivities: a review. Food Funct 2015; 5:1360-8. [PMID: 24760201 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of octadecatrienoic acid (α-linolenic acid, cis9,cis12,cis15-18:3 n-3) found in plant seeds. Three 8,10,12-18:3 isomers and four 9,11,13-18:3 isomers have been reported to occur naturally. CLNA isomers such as punicic acid, α-eleostearic acid and jacaric acid have been attributed to exhibit several health benefits that are largely based on animal and in vitro studies. This review has summarized and updated the evidence regarding the metabolism and bioactivities of CLNA isomers, and comprehensively discussed the recent studies on the effects of anti-carcinogenic, lipid metabolism regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-obese and antioxidant activities of CLNA isomers. The available results may provide a potential application for CLNA isomers from natural sources, especially edible plant seeds, as effective functional food ingredients and dietary supplements for the above mentioned disease management. Further research, especially human randomized clinical trials, is warranted to investigate the detailed physiological effects, bioactivity and molecular mechanism of CLNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Yuan
- College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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63
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de Gaetano M, Alghamdi K, Marcone S, Belton O. Conjugated linoleic acid induces an atheroprotective macrophage MΦ2 phenotype and limits foam cell formation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:15. [PMID: 25722654 PMCID: PMC4340802 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart attack and strokes, is a progresive dyslipidemic and inflammatory disease where monocyte-derived macrophage cells play a pivotal role. Although most of the mechanisms that contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis have been identified, there is limited information on those governing regression. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of isomers of linoleic acid that differ in the position and/or geometry of their double bonds. We have previously shown that a specific CLA blend (80:20 cis-9,trans-11:trans-10,cis-12-CLA) induces regression of pre-established atherosclerosis in vivo, via modulation of monocyte/macrophage function. However, the exact mechanisms through which CLA mediates this effect remain to be elucidated. Methods Here, we address if CLA primes monocytes towards an anti-inflammatory MΦ2 macrophage and examine the effect of individual CLA isomers and the atheroprotective blend on monocyte-macrophage differentiation, cytokine generation, foam cell formation and cholesterol metabolism in human peripheral blood monocyte (HPBMC)-derived macrophages. Results cis-9,trans-11-CLA and the atheroprotective 80:20 CLA blend regulates expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and modulates the inflammatory cytokine profile of macrophages and foam cells. In addition, cis-9,trans-11-CLA and CLA blend primes HPBMCs towards an anti-inflammatory MΦ2 phenotype, characterised by increased scavenger receptor (CD36) and efflux protein (ABCA-1) expression. Furthermore, this altered macrophage phenotype impacts on foam cell formation, inhibiting ox-LDL accumulation and promoting cholesterol efflux via both PPARγ and LXRα dependent pathways. Conclusion The data increases the understanding of the pathways regulated by CLA in atheroprotection, namely, inhibiting the progressive acquisition of a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12950-015-0060-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica de Gaetano
- School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kawthar Alghamdi
- School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Marcone
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orina Belton
- School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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64
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Portable Infrared Spectrometer to Characterize and Differentiate Between Organic and Conventional Bovine Butter. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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65
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Apás A, Arena M, Colombo S, González S. Probiotic administration modifies the milk fatty acid profile, intestinal morphology, and intestinal fatty acid profile of goats. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:47-54. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Takeuchi M, Kishino S, Hirata A, Park SB, Kitamura N, Ogawa J. Characterization of the linoleic acid Δ9 hydratase catalyzing the first step of polyunsaturated fatty acid saturation metabolism in Lactobacillus plantarum AKU 1009a. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 119:636-41. [PMID: 25476761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Linoleic acid Δ9 hydratase, which is involved in linoleic acid saturation metabolism of Lactobacillus plantarum AKU 1009a, was cloned, expressed as a his-tagged recombinant enzyme, purified with an affinity column, and characterized. The enzyme required FAD as a cofactor and its activity was enhanced by NADH. The maximal activities for the hydration of linoleic acid and for the dehydration of 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA) were observed at 37 °C in buffer at pH 5.5 containing 0.5 M NaCl. Free C16 and C18 fatty acids with cis-9 double bonds and 10-hydroxy fatty acids served as substrates for the hydration and dehydration reactions, respectively. The apparent Km value for linoleic acid was estimated to be 92 μM, with a kcat of 2.6∙10(-2) s(-1) and a Hill factor of 3.3. The apparent Km value for HYA was estimated to be 98 μM, with a kcat of 1.2∙10(-3) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiki Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Hirata
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Si-Bum Park
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Kumari Ramiah S, Meng GY, Ebrahimi M. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid alters oxidative stability and alleviates plasma cholesterol content in meat of broiler chickens. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:949324. [PMID: 25386625 PMCID: PMC4216700 DOI: 10.1155/2014/949324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition, lipoprotein content, lipid peroxidation, and meat colour of broiler chickens. A total of 180 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 dietary treatments (0, 2.5, and 5% Lutrell) and given a standard broiler starter diet and finisher diet. Body weight of chickens and feed intake were recorded weekly. After slaughter, the breast meat was aged at 4 °C for 0, 3, and 6 days. The fatty acid composition was measured in the breast meat. Body weight (BW) and feed efficiency were decreased by dietary CLA level (P < 0.05). Chicken fed with 2.5% Lutrell had the highest feed intake compared to the control (CON) group. The total CLA increased significantly (P < 0.05) in breast meat from birds supplemented with CLA. Propensity for lipid peroxidation was significantly higher after 6 days of meat storage (P < 0.05) and the redness in chicken breast meat was lower in CLA-fed birds (P < 0.05). It is also notable that a 5% Lutrell supplementation decreased the plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density protein (LDL), and HDL (high-density lipoprotein)/LDL ratio in chickens (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Leads to Downregulation of PPAR Transcription in Broiler Chickens and Reduction of Adipocyte Cellularity. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:137652. [PMID: 25309587 PMCID: PMC4189438 DOI: 10.1155/2014/137652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) act as an important ligand for nuclear receptors in adipogenesis and fat deposition in mammals and avian species. This study aimed to determine whether similar effects are plausible on avian abdominal fat adipocyte size, as well as abdominal adipogenic transcriptional level. CLA was supplemented at different levels, namely, (i) basal diet without CLA (5% palm oil) (CON), (ii) basal diet with 2.5% CLA and 2.5% palm oil (LCLA), and (iii) basal diet with 5% CLA (HCLA).The content of cis-9, trans-11 CLA was between 1.69- and 2.3-fold greater (P < 0.05) than that of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in the abdominal fat of the LCLA and HCLA group. The adipogenic capacity of the abdominal fat depot in LCLA and HCLA fed chicken is associated with a decreased proportion of adipose cells and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The transcriptional level of adipocyte protein (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was downregulated by 1.08- to 2.5-fold in CLA supplemented diets, respectively. It was speculated that feeding CLA to broiler chickens reduced adipocyte size and downregulated PPARγ and aP2 that control adipocyte cellularity. Elevation of CLA isomers into their adipose tissue provides a potential CLA-rich source for human consumption.
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Hwang JA, Islam MM, Ahmed ST, Mun HS, Kim GM, Kim YJ, Yang CJ. Seamustard (Undaria pinnatifida) Improves Growth, Immunity, Fatty Acid Profile and Reduces Cholesterol in Hanwoo Steers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1114-23. [PMID: 25083105 PMCID: PMC4109867 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the effect of 2% seamustard (Undaria pinnatifida) by-product (SW) on growth performance, immunity, carcass characteristics, cholesterol content and fatty acid profile in Hanwoo steers. A total of 20 Hanwoo steers (ave. 22 months old; 619 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to control (basal diet) and 2% SW supplemented diet. Dietary SW supplementation significantly (p<0.05) improved average daily gain and gain:feed ratio as well as serum immunoglobulin G concentration. Chemical composition and quality grade of meat and carcass yield grades evaluated at the end of the trial were found to be unaffected by SW supplementation. Dietary SW significantly reduced meat cholesterol concentration (p<0.05). Dietary SW supplementation significantly reduced the myristic acid (C14:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:ln-7) concentration, while SW increased the concentration of stearic acid (C18:0) and linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) compared to control (p<0.05). Dietary SW supplementation had no effect on saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids, poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or mono unsaturated fatty acid content in muscles. A reduced ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 were found in SW supplemented group (p<0.05). In conclusion, 2% SW supplementation was found to improve growth, immunity and fatty acid profile with significantly reduced cholesterol of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. T. Ahmed
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742,
Korea
| | - H. S. Mun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742,
Korea
| | - G. M. Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742,
Korea
| | - Y. J. Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742,
Korea
| | - C. J. Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742,
Korea
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70
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Li RG, Wang XP, Wang CY, Ma MW, Li FC. Growth performance, meat quality and Fatty Acid metabolism response of growing meat rabbits to dietary linoleic Acid. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1169-77. [PMID: 25049677 PMCID: PMC4092988 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different amounts of dietary linoleic acid (LA) on growth performance, serum biochemical traits, meat quality, fatty acids composition of muscle and liver, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT 1) mRNA expression in the liver of 9 wks old to 13 wks old growing meat rabbits. One hundred and fifty 9 wks old meat rabbits were allocated to individual cages and randomly divided into five groups. Animals in each group were fed with a diet with the following LA addition concentrations: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/kg diet (as-fed basis) and LA concentrations were 0.84, 1.21, 1.34, 1.61 and 1.80% in the diet, respectively. The results showed as follows: the dietary LA levels significantly affected muscle color of LL included a* and b* of experimental rabbits (p<0.05). The linear effect of LA on serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol was obtained (p = 0.0119). The saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) contents of LL decreased and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content of LL increased with dietary LA increase (p<0.0001). The PUFA n-6 content and PUFA n-3 content in the LL was significantly affected by the dietary LA levels (p<0.01, p<0.05). The MUFAs content in the liver decreased and the PUFAs contents in the liver increased with dietary LA increase (p<0.0001). The PUFA n-6 content and the PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio in the liver increased and PUFA n-3 content in the liver decreased with dietary LA increase (p<0.01). The linear effect of LA on CPT 1 mRNA expression in the liver was obtained (p = 0.0081). In summary, dietary LA addition had significant effects on liver and muscle fatty acid composition (increased PUFAs) of 9 wks old to 13 wks old growing meat rabbits, but had little effects on growth performance, meat physical traits and mRNA expression of liver relative enzyme of experimental rabbits.
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71
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Wang MS, Chang CL, Lee CI, Shaw HM. trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated linoleic acid specifically increases tissue α-tocopherol mediated by PPARγ inhibition in mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:841-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.917150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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72
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Yang B, Chen H, Gu Z, Tian F, Ross RP, Stanton C, Chen YQ, Chen W, Zhang H. Synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid by the linoleate isomerase complex in food-derived lactobacilli. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:430-9. [PMID: 24750362 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess strains of lactobacilli for their capacity to produce functional fatty acid-conjugated linoleic acid. To assess the linoleate isomerase for CLA production in the most efficient CLA producer. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, strains of food-derived lactobacilli were cultured in media with linoleic acid and CLA production was assessed. Most of the selected strains produced CLA at different levels, with Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 being the most efficient CLA producer converting over 50% of linoleic acid to c9, t11-CLA and t9, t11-CLA. Some intermediates 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-oxo-cis-12-octadecenoic acid and 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid were determined via GC-MS. The genes coding the multicomponent linoleate isomerase containing myosin-cross-reactive antigen, short-chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase and acetoacetate decarboxylase for CLA production in Lact. plantarum ZS2058 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. With the mixture of recombinant E. coli, c9, t11-CLA and three kinds of intermediates were produced from linoleic acid, which were in line with those in the lactobacilli. CONCLUSIONS The ability for CLA production by lactobacilli exhibited variation. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lact. bulgaricus were the most efficient producers in the selected strains. Lact. plantarum ZS2058 converted linoleic acid to CLAs with 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-oxo-cis-12-octadecenoic acid and 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid as intermediates. The multiple-step reactions for CLA production catalysed by multicomponent linoleate isomerase in Lact. plantarum ZS2058 were confirmed successfully. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Multicomponent linoleate isomerase provides important results for the illustration of the mechanism for CLA production in lactic acid bacteria. Food-derived lactobacilli with CLA production ability offers novel opportunities for functional foods development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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73
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Wang H, Liu H, Liu J, Zhao K, Wang C, Yang W. High-level exogenoustrans10,cis12 conjugated linoleic acid plays an anti-lipogenesis role in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:744-50. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science; MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science; MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science; MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science; MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science; MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University; Hangzhou China
| | - Weiren Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian China
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74
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Gangidi RR, Lokesh BR. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Formation in Edible Oils by Photoisomerization: A Review. J Food Sci 2014; 79:R781-5. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Reddy Gangidi
- Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dept.; CSIR Central Food Technological Research Inst. (CFTRI); Mysore Karnataka 570020 India
| | - Belur Ramaswamy Lokesh
- Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dept.; CSIR Central Food Technological Research Inst. (CFTRI); Mysore Karnataka 570020 India
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75
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Zhao HW, Lv JP, Li SR. Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid By Whole-Cell ofLactobacillus PlantarumA6-1F. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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76
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Non-fat milk solids attenuate hypercholesterolemic effect of conjugated linoleic acid. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 50:1024-8. [PMID: 24426013 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-0971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study instigates the notion that non-fat milk has a beneficial effect on hypercholesterolemia caused by dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Two groups of mice (6 per group) were fed synthetic CLA (predominantly a mixture of t10, c12 and c9, t11 isomers) at 1 % level in the diet with or without skim milk powder (SMP). Another group (control) was fed a similar diet without CLA and SMP. The study was conducted for 60 days (d). Daily feed intake and weekly body weight were recorded. Plasma lipid profile was determined monthly. At the conclusion of experiment, animals were sacrificed and liver tissue was removed to assay cholesterol and triacylglycerols (TAG). Following 60 day feeding, the plasma total cholesterol content increased significantly in CLA group (218 mg/dl) than in control group (167 mg/dl), while in CLA + SMP group (fed non-fat milk solids along with CLA), it was similar to that in control group. The fractions of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoprotein + very low density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) cholesterol as well as triacylglycerols (TAG) in plasma increased in CLA group, but in CLA + SMP group it remained similar to the control levels. Thus, it is concluded that dietary CLA increases plasma cholesterol and TAG contents in mice on normocholesterolemic diet and the inclusion of non-fat milk solids reverses this effect.
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77
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Fatty Acid Composition and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content in Different Carcass parts of Dağlıç Lambs. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:821904. [PMID: 24523647 PMCID: PMC3910337 DOI: 10.1155/2014/821904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare fatty acid composition and content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in different regions of sheep carcasses. Lambs of the Dağlıç breed were used for this purpose. Subsequent to a 68-day period of intensive fattening, fatty acids were examined in samples taken from the legs, shoulders, breasts, and ribs of lamb carcasses. According to the analysis, in leg, shoulder, breast, and rib, respectively, total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were found to be 40.38, 42.69, 42.56, and 40.27%, unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found to be 40.38, 44.17, 46.17, and 49.50%, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be 4.79, 4.29, 3.80, and 3.72%, and CLAs were found to be 1.49, 1.69, 1.53, and 1.59%.
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78
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High trans,trans Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Rich Triacylglyceride Production by Photo-Irradiation. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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79
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A New Perspective on trans,trans Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), an Overlooked CLA Isomer. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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80
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Guo X, Long R, Kreuzer M, Ding L, Shang Z, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Cui G. Importance of Functional Ingredients in Yak Milk-Derived Food on Health of Tibetan Nomads Living Under High-Altitude Stress: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 54:292-302. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.584134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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81
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Kim SI, Lee GH, Choi CB. Effects of Supplementary Rice Bran and Roasted Soybean in the Diets on Carcass Characteristics and Composition of CLA in Hanwoo Steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2013.55.5.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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82
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid saturation by gut lactic acid bacteria affecting host lipid composition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17808-13. [PMID: 24127592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312937110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the representative gut bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum, we identified genes encoding the enzymes involved in a saturation metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and revealed in detail the metabolic pathway that generates hydroxy fatty acids, oxo fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids, and partially saturated trans-fatty acids as intermediates. Furthermore, we observed these intermediates, especially hydroxy fatty acids, in host organs. Levels of hydroxy fatty acids were much higher in specific pathogen-free mice than in germ-free mice, indicating that these fatty acids are generated through polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism of gastrointestinal microorganisms. These findings suggested that lipid metabolism by gastrointestinal microbes affects the health of the host by modifying fatty acid composition.
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83
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de Gaetano M, Dempsey E, Marcone S, James WG, Belton O. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Targets β2 Integrin Expression To Suppress Monocyte Adhesion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4326-36. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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84
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Ippagunta S, Angius Z, Sanda M, Barnes KM. Dietary CLA-induced Lipolysis Is Delayed in Soy Oil-Fed Mice Compared to Coconut Oil-Fed Mice. Lipids 2013; 48:1145-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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85
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McCarthy C, Lieggi NT, Barry D, Mooney D, de Gaetano M, James WG, McClelland S, Barry MC, Escoubet-Lozach L, Li AC, Glass CK, Fitzgerald DJ, Belton O. Macrophage PPAR gamma Co-activator-1 alpha participates in repressing foam cell formation and atherosclerosis in response to conjugated linoleic acid. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1443-57. [PMID: 23964012 PMCID: PMC3799497 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has the unique property of inducing regression of pre-established murine atherosclerosis. Understanding the mechanism(s) involved may help identify endogenous pathways that reverse human atherosclerosis. Here, we provide evidence that CLA inhibits foam cell formation via regulation of the nuclear receptor coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, and that macrophage PGC-1α plays a role in atheroprotection in vivo. PGC-1α was identified as a hub gene within a cluster in the aorta of the apoE−/− mouse in the CLA-induced regression model. PGC-1α was localized to macrophage/foam cells in the murine aorta where its expression was increased during CLA-induced regression. PGC-1α expression was also detected in macrophages in human atherosclerosis and was inversely linked to disease progression in patients with the disease. Deletion of PGC-1α in bone marrow derived macrophages promoted, whilst over expression of the gene inhibited foam cell formation. Importantly, macrophage specific deletion of PGC-1α accelerated atherosclerosis in the LDLR−/− mouse in vivo. These novel data support a functional role for PGC-1α in atheroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal McCarthy
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
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86
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Laskaridis K, Serafeimidou A, Zlatanos S, Gylou E, Kontorepanidou E, Sagredos A. Changes in fatty acid profile of feta cheese including conjugated linoleic acid. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2130-2136. [PMID: 23288564 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last two decades much attention has been given to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) because of its potentially beneficial biological effects. Cheese is one of the major dietary sources of CLA. However, the CLA content of Greek cheeses is variable and affected by many factors. Fatty acid analysis of feta cheese, made of sheep's milk, was conducted at different stages of the manufacturing process in order to monitor and explain fatty acid and especially CLA changes. RESULTS CLA content in fresh milk and during the early stages of manufacture was 0.66 ± 0.02 g 100 g⁻¹ fatty acids; it increased during the ripening process (0.75 ± 0.06 g 100 g⁻¹ fatty acids) and decreased during storage (0.52 ± 0.15 g 100 g⁻¹ fatty acids). Saturated fatty acids (SFA), increased after 37 and 48 days of aging, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), showed the opposite tendency. CONCLUSION CLA content significantly increased during the ripening stages and decreased during aging (P ≤ 0.05). CLA is not stable during manufacture and storage of feta cheese, a fact which should be resolved, since this biologically active substance can be obtained from the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Laskaridis
- NPD Laboratory, Venus Growers, RR Station of Veria, GR-59100, Veria, Greece
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87
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Chorfa N, Hamoudi S, Arul J, Belkacemi K. Sulfur Promotion in Conjugated Isomerization of Safflower Oil over Bifunctional Structured Rh/SBA-15 Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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88
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McDaniel J, Askew W, Bennett D, Mihalopoulos J, Anantharaman S, Fjeldstad AS, Rule DC, Nanjee NM, Harris RA, Richardson RS. Bison meat has a lower atherogenic risk than beef in healthy men. Nutr Res 2013; 33:293-302. [PMID: 23602247 PMCID: PMC5858688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rearing method of bison and the nutrient content of the meat may make bison a healthier alternative to beef. We hypothesized that the acute and chronic effects of bison consumption, in comparison to beef, will result in a less perturbed blood lipid panel and a reduced inflammatory and oxidative stress response which will minimize the detrimental effect on vascular function. A double-blind, cross-over randomized trial was employed to examine the consequence of a single 12 oz serving (n = 14) and 7 weeks of chronic consumption (n = 10) (12 oz/d, 6 d/wk) of each meat. Measurements included blood lipids, interleukin-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, C-reactive protein, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, protein carbonyl, hydroperoxides, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and FMD/shear rate. Following a single beef meal, triglycerides and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were elevated (67% ± 45% and 18% ± 17% respectively); there was a tendency for hydroperoxides to be elevated (24% ± 37%); and FMD/shear rate was reduced significantly (30% ± 38%). Following a single meal of bison: there was a smaller increase in triglycerides (30% ± 27%), and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and FMD/shear rate were unchanged. Chronic consumption of either meat did not influence body weight, % body fat, or blood lipids. Protein carbonyl (24% ± 45%), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (78% ± 126%), interleukin-6 (59% ± 76%) and C-reactive protein (72% ± 57%) were significantly elevated and FMD/shear rate was significantly reduced (19% ± 28%) following 7 weeks of beef consumption, but not bison consumption. Based on our findings, the data suggest that bison consumption results in a reduced atherogenic risk compared to beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McDaniel
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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89
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Tubek B, Mituła P, Niezgoda N, Kempińska K, Wietrzyk J, Wawrzeńczyk C. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of New Betulin and Betulinic Acid Esters with Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA). Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of new ester derivatives of betulin (3a-c) and betulinic acid (4) with conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA; in a mixture of 43.4% 9c, 11t; 49.5% 10 t, 12 c; 7.1% other isomers) is presented. Esterification was carried out with N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as the coupling agent in the presence of 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DMAP) in dichloromethane (or pyridine). The in vitro cytotoxic effect of betulin (1), betulinic acid (2), a mixture of CLA isomers and their derivatives (3a-c, 4) was examined using the MTT assay against four cancer cell lines (P388, CEM/C2, CCRF/CEM and HL-60) and the SRB assay on the HT-29 cell line. Ester 4 was the most active among the esters synthesized against the CEM/C2 cell line with an ID50 value 16.9 ± 6.5 μg/mL. Betulin (1), betulinic acid (2) and CLA were the most active agents against the cancer cell lines studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tubek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mituła
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Niezgoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kempińska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolf Weigl Str.12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolf Weigl Str.12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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90
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Jin YC, Li ZH, Hong ZS, Xu CX, Han JA, Choi SH, Yin JL, Zhang QK, Lee KB, Kang SK, Song MK, Kim YJ, Kang HS, Choi YJ, Lee HG. Conjugated linoleic acid synthesis-related protein proteasome subunit α 5 (PSMA5) is increased by vaccenic acid treatment in goat mammary tissue. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4286-97. [PMID: 22818443 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify proteins associated with the endogenous synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from trans-vaccenic acid (TVA; trans-11 C18:1, a precursor for CLA endogenous synthesis) in mammary tissues. Six lactating goats were divided into 2 groups. One group was given an intravenous bolus injection of TVA (150mg) twice daily over 4 d; the other group received saline injections. Treatment with TVA increased the concentration of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and TVA in goat milk. Additionally, TVA treatment increased the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in mammary tissue. Using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 3 proteins affected by infusions of TVA were identified. Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit α type 5 (PSMA5) was upregulated, whereas peroxiredoxin-1 and translationally controlled tumor protein 1 were downregulated in TVA-treated animals compared with the vehicle-injected controls. Only the effect of TVA on PSMA5 could be confirmed by Western blot analysis. To further explore the regulation of PSMA5 in mammary epithelial cells when TVA is converted into CLA, we used a differentiated bovine mammary epithelial cell line treated with TVA for 6h. Changes in cis-9,trans-11 CLA concentrations and mRNA expression patterns of both SCD and PSMA5 were monitored. The concentration of cis-9,trans-11 CLA increased after TVA treatment. The mRNA expression level of PSMA5 was significantly elevated to 6h, but SCD mRNA expression only increased in 2h after TVA treatment. These results indicate that PSMA5 is highly expressed in goat mammary tissue and bovine mammary epithelial cells when TVA is converted into CLA. Our data suggest that PSMA5 protein is associated with CLA biosynthesis in mammary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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91
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Hargrave KM, Meyer BJ, Li C, Azain MJ, Baile CA, Miner JL. Influence of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fat Source on Body Fat and Apoptosis in Mice*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:1435-44. [PMID: 15483208 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether altered dietary essential fatty acid (linoleic and arachidonic acid) concentrations alter sensitivity to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-induced body fat loss or DNA fragmentation. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Mice were fed diets containing soy oil (control), coconut oil [essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD)], or fish oil (FO) for 42 days, and then diets were supplemented with a mixture of CLA isomers (0.5% of the diet) for 14 days. Body fat index, fat pad and liver weights, DNA fragmentation in adipose tissue, and fatty acid profiles of adipose tissue were determined. RESULTS The EFAD diet decreased (p < 0.05) linoleic and arachidonic acid in mouse adipose tissue but did not affect body fat. Dietary CLA caused a reduction (p < 0.05) in body fat. Mice fed the EFAD diet and then supplemented with CLA exhibited a greater reduction (p < 0.001) in body fat (20.21% vs. 6.94% in EFAD and EFAD + CLA-fed mice, respectively) compared with mice fed soy oil. Dietary FO decreased linoleic acid and increased arachidonic acid in mouse adipose tissue. Mice fed FO or CLA were leaner (p < 0.05) than control mice. FO + CLA-fed mice did not differ in body fat compared with FO-fed mice. Adipose tissue apoptosis was increased (p < 0.001) in CLA-supplemented mice and was not affected by fat source. DISCUSSION Reductions in linoleic acid concentration made mice more sensitive to CLA-induced body fat loss only when arachidonic acid concentrations were also reduced. Dietary essential fatty acids did not affect CLA-induced DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Hargrave
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, C220 ANS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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92
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Lengler I, Buhrke T, Scharmach E, Lampen A. In-vitro toxicological and proteomic analysis of furan fatty acids which are oxidative metabolites of conjugated linoleic acids. Lipids 2012; 47:1085-97. [PMID: 22949068 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Furan fatty acids (furan-FA) are oxidative products of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and may therefore be ingested when CLA-containing food or food-additives are consumed. Due to the presence of a furan ring structure the question arises whether furan-FA may have toxic properties on enterocytes and liver cells. Here we show that furan-FA neither have toxic effects in human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 nor in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 at concentrations that could be relevant for humans. At concentrations up to 100 μM, all tested furan-FA isomers showed no pronounced cytotoxicity and did not affect cellular proliferation or apoptosis up to concentrations of 500 μM. In addition, furan-FA was neither genotoxic in the micronucleus test using Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) nor in the Ames test independent of the presence or absence of rat liver homogenate for enzymatic activation of the furan ring structure. A proteomic approach revealed that 48 proteins were differentially expressed when Caco-2 cells were incubated with up to 1 mM of 10,13-epoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (10,12-furan-FA). Three of the 30 proteins that could be identified by MALDI-TOF analysis were upregulated and were associated with lipid droplet biogenesis. The remaining 27 proteins were downregulated and were considered to be associated with general cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription, protein biosynthesis and protein processing, lipid and energy metabolism. From the proteomic data we conclude that furan-FA is predominantly stored in lipid droplets thereby downregulating cellular metabolic activity and driving the cells into a state of rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imme Lengler
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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93
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Effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on monocyte, macrophage and foam cell phenotype in atherosclerosis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 98:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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94
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Schlegel G, Ringseis R, Windisch W, Schwarz F, Eder K. Effects of a rumen-protected mixture of conjugated linoleic acids on hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3905-18. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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95
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Ross GR, Van Nieuwenhove CP, González SN. Fatty acid profile of pig meat after probiotic administration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5974-5978. [PMID: 22506842 DOI: 10.1021/jf205360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the fatty acid profile of pig meat after probiotic administration. Thirty postweaned pigs (25 day old) were distributed into 2 groups: control (n = 15) and probiotic (n = 15). Each experimental group was fed ad libitum on a commercial diet for 35 days. Lactobacillus amylovorus and Enterococcus faecium mixed culture (10(8) CFU/ml)was daily orally delivered to the probiotic group. At the end of the assay, six pigs randomly selected from each group were slaughtered and muscle samples (Longissimus dorsi) were taken for fatty acid analysis. Tissues from the probiotic group animals exhibited an increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids; furthermore, linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (18:3), and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. These results suggest probiotic administration could be useful to modify and improve the fatty acid profile of pig meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Romina Ross
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-CONICET , Ayacucho 471, 4000-Tucumán, Argentina
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96
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Renner L, Pappritz J, Kramer R, Kersten S, Jahreis G, Dänicke S. Fatty acid profile and proliferation of bovine blood mononuclear cells after conjugated linoleic acid supplementation. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:63. [PMID: 22668674 PMCID: PMC3490839 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are in focus of dairy cattle research because of its milk fat reducing effects. Little is known about the impact of CLA on immune function in dairy cows. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effects of a long term supplementation of dairy cows with CLA on the fatty acid profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their proliferation ex vivo. RESULTS The supplementation of dairy cows with either 100 g/d of a control fat preparation (CON, n = 15), 50 g/d of the control fat preparation and 50 g/d CLA supplement - containing 12.0% cis-9, trans-11 and 11.9% trans-10, cis-12 CLA of total fatty acid methyl esters - (CLA-50, n = 15) or 100 g/d of the CLA supplement (CLA-100, n = 16) did not influence the major fatty acids (C18:0, C16:0, cis-9 C18:1, cis-9, cis-12 C18:2, cis-5, cis-8, cis-11, cis-14 C20:4) in the lipid fraction of PBMC. The proportion of trans-10, cis-12 CLA of total fatty acids was increased in both CLA supplemented groups, but there was no effect on the cis-9, trans-11 isomer. Furthermore, the proportion of trans-9 C18:1 and cis-12 C24:1 was reduced in the CLA-100 group. The mitogen stimulated cell proliferation was not influenced by CLA feeding. CONCLUSION CLA supplementation influenced the FA profile of some minor FA in PBMC, but these changes did not lead to differences in the mitogen induced activation of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Renner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Pappritz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ronny Kramer
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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97
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Bachmair EM, Bots ML, Mennen LI, Kelder T, Evelo CT, Horgan GW, Ford I, de Roos B. Effect of supplementation with an 80:20 cis9,trans11 conjugated linoleic acid blend on the human platelet proteome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1148-59. [PMID: 22648731 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The dietary fatty acid cis9,trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (cis9,trans11 CLA) has been shown to modify the function of endothelial cells, monocytes, and platelets, all of which are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Potential mechanisms for the platelet effects have not been assessed previously. In this study, we assessed how supplementation of the diet with an 80:20 cis9,trans11 CLA blend affects the platelet proteome. METHODS AND RESULTS In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, 40 overweight but apparently healthy adults received either 4 g per day of cis9,trans11 CLA-enriched oil or placebo oil, consisting of palm oil and soybean oil, for 3 months. Total platelet proteins were extracted from washed platelets, separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially regulated protein spots were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Supplementation with the CLA blend, compared with placebo, resulted in significant alterations in levels of 46 spots (p < 0.05), of which 40 were identified. Network analysis revealed that the majority of these proteins participate in regulation of the cytoskeleton and platelet structure, as well as receptor action, signaling, and focal adhesion. CONCLUSION The platelet proteomics approach revealed novel insights into regulation of cellular biomarkers of atherogenic and thrombotic pathways by an 80:20 cis9,trans11 CLA blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Bachmair
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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98
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Li H, Liu Y, Bao Y, Liu X, Zhang H. Conjugated linoleic acid conversion by six Lactobacillus plantarum strains cultured in MRS broth supplemented with sunflower oil and soymilk. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M330-6. [PMID: 22591404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Six strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, isolated from traditional dairy products of minority nationalities, were evaluated for their ability to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from free linoleic acid in vitro. All the 6 strains were found to be capable of converting linoleic acid to CLA when using sunflower oil as substrate or during soymilk fermentation. The inhibitory effect of linoleic acid on the growth of the L. plantarum was also discussed. The production of CLA was increased with adding high concentration of substrate in sunflower oil and IMAU60042 produced the highest CLA both in sunflower oil and soymilk. The CLA was composted by 2 isomers: cis9, trans11-CLA and tran10, cis12-CLA, and cis9, tran s11-CLA covered the most part of the total CLA formed except for L. plantarum P8. The production of CLA was decreased during the storage of fermented soymilk. The CLA contents decreased significantly in the first week, also more quickly in 2 wk. Especially, tran10, cis12-CLA decreased more rapidly than cis9, tran11-CLA. No dramatic change was observed among other 8 fatty acids in soymilk. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids varied after fermentation with different L. plantrum strains, but all decreased the during storage. The research on the ability of converting CLA of L. plantrum strains could be basis for the future research and development of fermented soymilk products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Desirable probiotic traits, such as acid and bile tolerance, aggregation activity, and antibacterial activity, have been proved for the 6 Lactobacillus plantarum strains. The 6 L. plantarum strains might be used in the fermentation of soymilk to produce multifunctional probiotic soymilk products, especially the rich CLA contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Education Ministry of PR China, Dept of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ, Huhhot 010018, PR China
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99
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Rossi E, Della Casa L, Piana S, Iannone A. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers modulate protein expression profile in rat hepatocytes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 7:511-27. [PMID: 22555954 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid, which has been recently proven to be effective in reducing body fat mass, but brings as a side effect, the liver enlargement due to an increased lipid content. The in vivo lipogenic activity has been suggested to be due to the reduction in fat mass and to the consequent metabolism of blood glucose to fatty acid in the liver rather than in the adipose tissue. We investigated the ability of CLA to directly induce steatosis by modulating the expression pattern of hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism. To avoid interferences derived from CLA metabolism by other tissues, we used the in vitro model of freshly isolated rat hepatocytes incubated in the presence of different CLA isomers. The direct effect of CLA on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was demonstrated by the altered expression pattern of several proteins involved in lipid metabolism, as assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and confirmed by Western blotting analysis. The CLA isomer c9,t11 was most effective in modulating the protein expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rossi
- "ProteoWork Lab", Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
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100
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Schlegel G, Ringseis R, Shibani M, Most E, Schuster M, Schwarz FJ, Eder K. Influence of a rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid mixture on carcass traits and meat quality in young simmental heifers1. J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Schlegel
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - R. Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - M. Shibani
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - E. Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - M. Schuster
- Department of Quality Assurance and Analysis, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, 85586 Poing, Germany
| | - F. J. Schwarz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - K. Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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