51
|
Topical efficacy of dimercapto-chelating agents against lewisite-induced skin lesions in SKH-1 hairless mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:291-8. [PMID: 23806213 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lewisite is a potent chemical warfare arsenical vesicant that can cause severe skin lesions. Today, lewisite exposure remains possible during demilitarization of old ammunitions and as a result of deliberate use. Although its cutaneous toxicity is not fully elucidated, a specific antidote exists, the British anti-lewisite (BAL, dimercaprol) but it is not without untoward effects. Analogs of BAL, less toxic, have been developed such as meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and have been employed for the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. However, efficacy of DMSA against lewisite-induced skin lesions remains to be determined in comparison with BAL. We have thus evaluated in this study the therapeutic efficacy of BAL and DMSA in two administration modes against skin lesions induced by lewisite vapor on SKH-1 hairless mice. Our data demonstrate a strong protective efficacy of topical application of dimercapto-chelating agents in contrast to a subcutaneous administration 1h after lewisite exposure, with attenuation of wound size, necrosis and impairment of skin barrier function. The histological evaluation also confirms the efficacy of topical application by showing that treatments were effective in reversing lewisite-induced neutrophil infiltration. This protective effect was associated with an epidermal hyperplasia. However, for all the parameters studied, BAL was more effective than DMSA in reducing lewisite-induced skin injury. Together, these findings support the use of a topical form of dimercaprol-chelating agent against lewisite-induced skin lesion within the first hour after exposure to increase the therapeutic management and that BAL, despite its side-effects, should not be abandoned.
Collapse
|
52
|
Devlin JJ, Schwartz M, Brent J. Chelation in suspected prosthetic hip-associated cobalt toxicity. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:1533.e7. [PMID: 23773894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
53
|
Chandrasekaran VRM, Hsu DZ, Liu MY. Beneficial effect of sesame oil on heavy metal toxicity. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 38:179-85. [PMID: 23744838 DOI: 10.1177/0148607113490960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals become toxic when they are not metabolized by the body and accumulate in the soft tissue. Chelation therapy is mainly for the management of heavy metal-induced toxicity; however, it usually causes adverse effects or completely blocks the vital function of the particular metal chelated. Much attention has been paid to the development of chelating agents from natural sources to counteract lead- and iron-induced hepatic and renal damage. Sesame oil (a natural edible oil) and sesamol (an active antioxidant) are potently beneficial for treating lead- and iron-induced hepatic and renal toxicity and have no adverse effects. Sesame oil and sesamol significantly inhibit iron-induced lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radical generation. In addition, sesame oil is a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory mediators, and it attenuates lead-induced hepatic damage by inhibiting nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β levels. Because metal chelating therapy is associated with adverse effects, treating heavy metal toxicity in addition with sesame oil and sesamol may be better alternatives. This review deals with the possible use and beneficial effects of sesame oil and sesamol during heavy metal toxicity treatment.
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhang J, Cao H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ma J, Wang J, Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhang F, Chu L. Nephroprotective effect of calcium channel blockers against toxicity of lead exposure in mice. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:273-80. [PMID: 23428833 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) can induce kidney damage, which is related to induction of oxidative damage and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Pb can readily permeate through dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channels and accumulate within cells. The objective of this study was to investigate protective effects of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) verapamil and nimodipine on nephrotoxicity induced by Pb acetate in mice. One hundred and twenty male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, Pb, low-dose verapamil, high-dose verapamil, low-dose nimodipine and high-dose nimodipine (n=20 per group). Pb acetate was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 40 mg/kg body weight/day for 10 days to establish the Pb toxicity model. While control mice received saline, mice of the treated groups simultaneously received i.p. injections of verapamil or nimodipine daily for 10 days. Both verapamil and nimodipine showed protection against Pb-induced kidney injury, including alleviation of renal pathological damage and decreasing the level of Pb in kidney homogenate and extent of apoptosis in nephrocytes. Moreover, verapamil and nimodipine significantly down-regulated levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the serum. In addition, verapamil and nimodipine administration decreased malondialdehyde content and increased activities of super oxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase in the kidney homogenate. The findings in the present study implicate the therapeutic potential of CCBs for Pb-induced nephrotoxicity, which were at least partly due to the decrease of Pb uptake and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 326, Xinshi South Road, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Abarikwu SO. Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury: Occurrence, Toxicity and Diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02387-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
56
|
Tian F, Zhai Q, Zhao J, Liu X, Wang G, Zhang H, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 alleviates lead toxicity in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:264-71. [PMID: 22684513 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead causes a broad range of adverse effects in humans and animals. The objective was to evaluate the potency of lactobacilli to bind lead in vitro and the protective effects of a selected Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 against lead-induced toxicity in mice. Nine strains of bacteria were used to investigate their binding abilities of lead in vitro, and L. plantarum CCFM8661 was selected for animal experiments because of its excellent lead binding capacity. Both living and dead L. plantarum CCFM8661 were used to treat 90 male Kunming mice during or after the exposure to 1 g/L lead acetate in drinking water. The results showed oral administration of both living and dead L. plantarum CCFM8661 offered a significant protective effect against lead toxicity by recovering blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, decreasing the lead levels in blood and tissues, and preventing alterations in the levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reactive oxygen species caused by lead exposure. Moreover, L. plantarum CCFM8661 was more effective when administered consistently during the entire lead exposure, not after the exposure. Our results suggest that L. plantarum CCFM8661 has the potency to provide a dietary strategy against lead toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Sakamoto M, Chan HM, Domingo JL, Kubota M, Murata K. Changes in body burden of mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and selenium in infants during early lactation in comparison with placental transfer. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:179-84. [PMID: 22854743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The developing brains of both fetuses and infants are susceptible to environmental contaminants. However, the contribution of breast-feeding to the element body burden in infants remains unclear. The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes in body burden of elements such as methylmercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and selenium in infants during a 3-month breast-feeding period compared with placental transfer of the elements. Element concentrations were measured in maternal and umbilical cord (fetus) red blood cells (RBCs) at parturition and in infant RBCs at 3 months. Most of the mercury in RBCs is in the methyl form, and the total mercury concentration in RBCs reflects methylmercury exposure. The mercury level in cord RBCs was approximately 1.5 times higher than that in mothers, while in infants, it declined by approximately 60% after 3-months' breast-feeding. The cord selenium level was similar to the maternal level, but declined approximately 75% after 3-months' breast-feeding in infants. Lead and arsenic concentrations in cord RBCs were about 60% of the maternal levels, and remained constant until the 3-month study period. The cadmium level in cord RBCs was about 20% of that in maternal RBCs, and remained almost constant until the end of the 3-month study period. In conclusion, although pregnant women should pay attention to avoid high methylmercury exposure, element exposure through breast-feeding does not pose any great concern in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mineshi Sakamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Lin X, Brooks J, Bronson M, Ngu-Schwemlein M. Evaluation of the association of mercury(II) with some dicysteinyl tripeptides. Bioorg Chem 2012; 44:8-18. [PMID: 22784828 PMCID: PMC3448868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to gain insight into the associations of mercury(II) with dicysteinyl tripeptides in buffered media at pH 7.4. We investigated the effects of increasing the distance between cysteinyl residues on mercury(II) associations and complex formations. The peptide-mercury(II) formation constants and their associated thermodynamic parameters in 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffered solutions were evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Complexes formed in different relative ratios of mercury(II) to cysteinyl peptides in ammonium formate buffered solutions were characterized by LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The results from these studies show that n-alkyl dicysteinyl peptides (CP 1-4), and an aryl dicysteinyl peptide (CP 5) can serve as effective "double anchors" to accommodate the coordination sites of mercury(II) to form predominantly one-to-one Hg(peptide) complexes. The aryl dicysteinyl peptide (CP 5) also forms the two-to-two Hg(2)(peptide)(2) complex. In the presence of excess peptide, Hg(peptide)(2) complexes are also detected. Notably, increasing the distance between the ligating groups or "anchor points" in CP 1-5 does not significantly affect their affinity for mercury(II). However, the enthalpy change (ΔH) values (ΔH(1) ~ -91 kJ mol(-1) and ΔH(2) ~ -66 kJ mol(-1)) for complex formation between CP 4 and 5 with mercury(II) are about one and a half times larger than the related values for CP 1, 2 and 3 (ΔH(1) ~ -66 kJ mol(-1) and ΔH(2) ~ 46 kJ mol(-1)). The corresponding entropy change (ΔS) values (ΔS(1) ~ -129 J K(-1) mol(-1) and ΔS(2) ~ -116 J K(-1) mol(-1)) of the structurally larger dicysteinyl peptides CP 4 and 5 are less entropically favorable than for CP 1, 2 and 3 (ΔS(1) ~ -48 J K(-1) mol(-1) and ΔS(2) ~ -44 J K(-1) mol(-1)). Generally, these associations result in a decrease in entropy, indicating that these peptide-mercury complexes potentially form highly ordered structures. The results from this study show that dicysteinyl tripeptides are effective in binding mercury(II) and they are promising motifs for the design of multi-cysteinyl peptides for binding more than one mercury(II) ion per peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Jeremy Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA
| | - Matthew Bronson
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA
| | - Maria Ngu-Schwemlein
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Falcone G, Foti C, Gianguzza A, Giuffrè O, Napoli A, Pettignano A, Piazzese D. Sequestering ability of some chelating agents towards methylmercury(II). Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:881-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
60
|
Zalups RK, Bridges CC. Relationships between the renal handling of DMPS and DMSA and the renal handling of mercury. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1825-38. [PMID: 22667351 DOI: 10.1021/tx3001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the body of this review, we provide updates on the mechanisms involved in the renal handling mercury (Hg) and the vicinal dithiol complexing/chelating agents, 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propane-1-sulfonate (known formerly as 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate, DMPS) and meso-2,3-bis(sulfanyl)succinate (known formerly as meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinate, DMSA), with a focus on the therapeutic effects of these dithiols following exposure to different chemical forms of Hg. We begin by reviewing briefly some of the chemical properties of Hg, with an emphasis on the high bonding affinity between mercuric ions and reduced sulfur atoms, principally those contained in protein and nonprotein thiols. A discussion is provided on the current body of knowledge pertaining to the handling of various mercuric species within the kidneys, focusing on the primary cellular targets that take up and are affected adversely by these species of Hg, namely, proximal tubular epithelial cells. Subsequently, we provide a brief update on the current knowledge on the handling of DMPS and DMSA in the kidneys. In particular, parallels are drawn between the mechanisms participating in the uptake of various thiol S-conjugates of Hg in proximal tubular cells and mechanisms by which DMPS and DMSA gain entry into these target epithelial cells. Finally, we discuss factors that permit DMPS and DMSA to bind intracellular mercuric ions and mechanisms transporting DMPS and DMSA S-conjugates of Hg out of proximal tubular epithelial cells into the luminal compartment of the nephron, and promoting urinary excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolfs K Zalups
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, 1550 College Street, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Sears ME, Genuis SJ. Environmental determinants of chronic disease and medical approaches: recognition, avoidance, supportive therapy, and detoxification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:356798. [PMID: 22315626 PMCID: PMC3270432 DOI: 10.1155/2012/356798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization warns that chronic, noncommunicable diseases are rapidly becoming epidemic worldwide. Escalating rates of neurocognitive, metabolic, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases cannot be ascribed only to genetics, lifestyle, and nutrition; early life and ongoing exposures, and bioaccumulated toxicants may also cause chronic disease. Contributors to ill health are summarized from multiple perspectives--biological effects of classes of toxicants, mechanisms of toxicity, and a synthesis of toxic contributors to major diseases. Healthcare practitioners have wide-ranging roles in addressing environmental factors in policy and public health and clinical practice. Public health initiatives include risk recognition and chemical assessment then exposure reduction, remediation, monitoring, and avoidance. The complex web of disease and environmental contributors is amenable to some straightforward clinical approaches addressing multiple toxicants. Widely applicable strategies include nutrition and supplements to counter toxic effects and to support metabolism; as well as exercise and sweating, and possibly medication to enhance excretion. Addressing environmental health and contributors to chronic disease has broad implications for society, with large potential benefits from improved health and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Sears
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L1.
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
de Freitas ML, Dalmolin L, Oliveira LP, da Rosa Moreira L, Roman SS, Soares FAA, Bresolin L, Duarte MMMF, Brandão R. Effects of butane-2,3-dione thiosemicarbazone oxime on testicular damage induced by cadmium in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:899-910. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Lutchemeyer de Freitas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| | - Laíza Dalmolin
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| | - Lia Pavelacki Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| | - Laís da Rosa Moreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| | - Silvane Souza Roman
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões,Campus de Erechim, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Bresolin
- Departamento de Química, Fundação Universidade de Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Brandão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Bernhoft RA. Mercury toxicity and treatment: a review of the literature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 2012:460508. [PMID: 22235210 PMCID: PMC3253456 DOI: 10.1155/2012/460508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic heavy metal which is widely dispersed in nature. Most human exposure results from fish consumption or dental amalgam. Mercury occurs in several chemical forms, with complex pharmacokinetics. Mercury is capable of inducing a wide range of clinical presentations. Diagnosis of mercury toxicity can be challenging but can be obtained with reasonable reliability. Effective therapies for clinical toxicity have been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Bernhoft
- Bernhoft Center for Advanced Medicine, Suite 208, 11677 San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Jomova K, Valko M. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 2011; 283:65-87. [PMID: 21414382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2140] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detailed studies in the past two decades have shown that redox active metals like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and other metals undergo redox cycling reactions and possess the ability to produce reactive radicals such as superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide in biological systems. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms body antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic for numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox inactive metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their toxic effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of glutathione. Interestingly, for arsenic an alternative mechanism of action based on the formation of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions has been proposed. A special position among metals is occupied by the redox inert metal zinc (Zn). Zn is an essential component of numerous proteins involved in the defense against oxidative stress. It has been shown, that depletion of Zn may enhance DNA damage via impairments of DNA repair mechanisms. In addition, Zn has an impact on the immune system and possesses neuroprotective properties. The mechanism of metal-induced formation of free radicals is tightly influenced by the action of cellular antioxidants. Many low-molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, flavonoids, and other antioxidants) are capable of chelating metal ions reducing thus their catalytic activity to form ROS. A novel therapeutic approach to suppress oxidative stress is based on the development of dual function antioxidants comprising not only chelating, but also scavenging components. Parodoxically, two major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase contain as an integral part of their active sites metal ions to battle against toxic effects of metal-induced free radicals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of redox and non-redox metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in toxic action of metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Alattia J, Kuraishi T, Dimitrov M, Chang I, Lemaitre B, Fraering PC. Mercury is a direct and potent γ‐secretase inhibitor affecting Notch processing and development in
Drosophila. FASEB J 2011; 25:2287-95. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-174078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayuki Kuraishi
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyLausanneSwitzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ferreirós-Martínez R, Esteban-Gómez D, Tóth É, de Blas A, Platas-Iglesias C, Rodríguez-Blas T. Macrocyclic Receptor Showing Extremely High Sr(II)/Ca(II) and Pb(II)/Ca(II) Selectivities with Potential Application in Chelation Treatment of Metal Intoxication. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3772-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ferreirós-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Andrés de Blas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Teresa Rodríguez-Blas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Bridges CC, Joshee L, Zalups RK. MRP2 and the handling of mercuric ions in rats exposed acutely to inorganic and organic species of mercury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 251:50-8. [PMID: 21134393 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mercuric ions accumulate preferentially in renal tubular epithelial cells and bond with intracellular thiols. Certain metal-complexing agents have been shown to promote extraction of mercuric ions via the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). Following exposure to a non-toxic dose of inorganic mercury (Hg²+), in the absence of complexing agents, tubular cells are capable of exporting a small fraction of intracellular Hg²+ through one or more undetermined mechanisms. We hypothesize that MRP2 plays a role in this export. To test this hypothesis, Wistar (control) and TR(-) rats were injected intravenously with a non-nephrotoxic dose of HgCl₂ (0.5 μmol/kg) or CH₃HgCl (5 mg/kg), containing [²⁰³Hg], in the presence or absence of cysteine (Cys; 1.25 μmol/kg or 12.5mg/kg, respectively). Animals were sacrificed 24 h after exposure to mercury and the content of [²⁰³Hg] in blood, kidneys, liver, urine and feces was determined. In addition, uptake of Cys-S-conjugates of Hg²+ and methylmercury (CH₃Hg+) was measured in inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from either control Sf9 cells or Sf9 cells transfected with human MRP2. The amount of mercury in the total renal mass and liver was significantly greater in TR⁻ rats than in controls. In contrast, the amount of mercury in urine and feces was significantly lower in TR⁻ rats than in controls. Data from membrane vesicles indicate that Cys-S-conjugates of Hg²+ and CH₃Hg+ are transportable substrates of MRP2. Collectively, these data indicate that MRP2 plays a role in the physiological handling and elimination of mercuric ions from the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy C Bridges
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Pettinari C, Marinelli A, Marchetti F, Ngoune J, Galindo A, Álvarez E, Gómez M. Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Two N2-Donor Chelating Di(indazolyl)methane Ligands: Structural Characterization and Comparison of Their Metal Chelation Aptitudes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:10543-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Agustín Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo. 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de La Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margarita Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de La Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Guzzi G, Minoia C, Ronchi A, Pigatto P. Fatal mercury poisoning and chelating agents. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 202:e61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
70
|
Reversal of cadmium-induced vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress by meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in mice. Toxicol Lett 2010; 198:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
71
|
Carvalho CML, Lu J, Zhang X, Arnér ESJ, Holmgren A. Effects of selenite and chelating agents on mammalian thioredoxin reductase inhibited by mercury: implications for treatment of mercury poisoning. FASEB J 2010; 25:370-81. [PMID: 20810785 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-157594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mercury toxicity is a highly interesting topic in biomedicine due to the severe endpoints and treatment limitations. Selenite serves as an antagonist of mercury toxicity, but the molecular mechanism of detoxification is not clear. Inhibition of the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a suggested mechanism of toxicity. Here, we demonstrated enhanced inhibition of activity by inorganic and organic mercury compounds in NADPH-reduced TrxR, consistent with binding of mercury also to the active site selenolthiol. On treatment with 5 μM selenite and NADPH, TrxR inactivated by HgCl(2) displayed almost full recovery of activity. Structural analysis indicated that mercury was complexed with TrxR, but enzyme-generated selenide removed mercury as mercury selenide, regenerating the active site selenocysteine and cysteine residues required for activity. The antagonistic effects on TrxR inhibition were extended to endogenous antioxidants, such as GSH, and clinically used exogenous chelating agents BAL, DMPS, DMSA, and α-lipoic acid. Consistent with the in vitro results, recovery of TrxR activity and cell viability by selenite was observed in HgCl(2)-treated HEK 293 cells. These results stress the role of TrxR as a target of mercurials and provide the mechanism of selenite as a detoxification agent for mercury poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M L Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Towards a custom chelator for mercury: evaluation of coordination environments by molecular modeling. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 16:15-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
73
|
Human detoxification of perfluorinated compounds. Public Health 2010; 124:367-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
74
|
Williams PAM, Zinczuk J, Baran EJ. On the interaction of vanadium species with the monoisoamyl ester of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 134:220-5. [PMID: 19652926 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the VO2+ cation with the monoisoamyl ester of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA) was investigated by electron absorption spectroscopy in aqueous solutions at different pH values. The spectral behavior, complemented with a spectrophotometric titration, shows the generation of a [VO(MiADMSA)2](4-) complex in which the oxocation interacts with two pairs of deprotonated -SH groups of the ester. Besides, MiADMSA rapidly reduces VO3(-) to VO2+, which might be chelated by an excess of the ester, and also produces relatively rapid reduction of V2O5 suspensions at pH = 6.5. The results of this study suggest that MiADMSA might be a potentially useful detoxification agent for vanadium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A M Williams
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR/CONICET, UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C. Correo 962, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that various chemical agents are important determinants of myriad health afflictions--several xenobiotics have the potential to disrupt reproductive, developmental, and neurological processes and some agents in common use have carcinogenic, epigenetic, endocrine-disrupting, and immune-altering action. Some toxicants appear to have biological effect at miniscule levels and certain chemical compounds are persistent and bioaccumulative within the human body. Despite escalating public health measures to preclude further exposures, many people throughout the world have already accrued a significant body burden of toxicants, placing them at potential health risk. As a result, increasing discussion is underway about possible interventions to facilitate elimination of persistent toxicants from the human organism in order to obviate health affliction and to potentially ameliorate chronic degenerative illness. An overview of the clinical aspects of detoxification is presented with discussion of established and emerging interventions for the elimination of persistent xenobiotics. Potential therapies to circumvent enterohepatic recirculation and a case report highlighting a clinical outcome associated with detoxification are also presented for consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Genuis
- University of Alberta, 2935-66 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Sinicropi MS, Amantea D, Caruso A, Saturnino C. Chemical and biological properties of toxic metals and use of chelating agents for the pharmacological treatment of metal poisoning. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:501-20. [PMID: 20386880 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to toxic metals is a well-known problem in industrialized countries. Metals interfere with a number of physiological processes, including central nervous system (CNS), haematopoietic, hepatic and renal functions. In the evaluation of the toxicity of a particular metal it is crucial to consider many parameters: chemical forms (elemental, organic or inorganic), binding capability, presence of specific proteins that selectively bind metals, etc. Medical treatment of acute and chronic metal toxicity is provided by chelating agents, namely organic compounds capable of interacting with metal ions to form structures called chelates. The present review attempts to provide updated information about the mechanisms, the cellular targets and the effects of toxic metals.
Collapse
|
77
|
Ferreirós-Martínez R, Esteban-Gómez D, Platas-Iglesias C, de Blas A, Rodríguez-Blas T. Selective chelation of Cd(II) and Pb(II) versus Ca(II) and Zn(II) by using octadentate ligands containing pyridinecarboxylate and pyridyl pendants. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:10976-87. [PMID: 19877597 DOI: 10.1021/ic900838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the coordination properties toward Cd(II), Pb(II), Ca(II), and Zn(II) of a new octadentate ligand (py-H(2)bcpe) based on a ethane-1,2-diamine unit containing two picolinate and two pyridyl pendants, which is structurally derived from the previous reported ligand bcpe. Potentiometric studies have been carried out to determine the protonation constants of the ligand and the stability constants of the complexes with these cations. The introduction of the pyridyl pendants in bcpe provokes a very important increase of the logK(ML) values obtained for the Pb(II) and Cd(II) complexes, while this effect is less important in the case of the Zn(II) analogue. As a result, py-bcpe shows a certain selectivity for Cd(II) and Pb(II) over Zn(II) while keeping good Pb(II)/Ca(II) and Cd(II)/Ca(II) selectivities, and the new receptor py-bcpe can be considered as a new structural framework for the design of novel Cd(II) and Pb(II) extracting agents. Likewise, the stabilities of the Cd(II) and Pb(II) complexes are higher than those of the corresponding EDTA analogues. The X-ray crystal structure of [Zn(py-bcpe)] shows hexadentate binding of the ligand to the metal ion, the coordination polyhedron being best described as a severely distorted octahedron. However, the X-ray crystal structure of the Pb(II) analogue shows octadentate binding of the ligand to the metal ion. A detailed investigation of the structure in aqueous solution of the complexes by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations (B3LYP) shows that while in the Zn(II) complex the metal ion is six-coordinated, in the Pb(II) and Ca(II) analogues the metal ions are eight-coordinated. For the Cd(II) complex, our results suggest that in solution the complex exists as a mixture of seven- and eight-coordinated species. DFT calculations performed both in the gas phase and in aqueous solution have been also used to investigate the role of the Pb(II) lone pair in the structure of the [Pb(py-bcpe)] complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ferreirós-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Alejandro de la Sota 1, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Melnick JG, Yurkerwich K, Parkin G. On the chalcogenophilicity of mercury: evidence for a strong Hg-Se bond in [Tm(Bu(t))]HgSePh and its relevance to the toxicity of mercury. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:647-55. [PMID: 20020759 PMCID: PMC2810633 DOI: 10.1021/ja907523x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the reasons for the toxic effects of mercury has been attributed to its influence on the biochemical roles of selenium. For this reason, it is important to understand details pertaining to the nature of Hg-Se interactions and this has been achieved by comparison of a series of mercury chalcogenolate complexes that are supported by tris(2-mercapto-1-t-butyl-imidazolyl)hydroborato ligation, namely [Tm(Bu(t))]HgEPh (E = S, Se, Te). In particular, X-ray diffraction studies on [Tm(Bu(t))]HgEPh demonstrate that although the Hg-S bonds involving the [Tm(Bu(t))] ligand are longer than the corresponding Cd-S bonds of [Tm(Bu(t))]CdEPh, the Hg-EPh bonds are actually shorter than the corresponding Cd-EPh bonds, an observation which indicates that the apparent covalent radii of the metals in these compounds are dependent on the nature of the bonds. Furthermore, the difference in Hg-EPh and Cd-EPh bond lengths is a function of the chalcogen and increases in the sequence S (0.010 A) < Se (0.035 A) < Te (0.057 A). This trend indicates that the chalcogenophilicity of mercury increases in the sequence S < Se < Te. Thus, while mercury is often described as being thiophilic, it is evident that it actually has a greater selenophilicity, a notion that is supported by the observation of facile selenolate transfer from zinc to mercury upon treatment of [Tm(Bu(t))]HgSCH(2)C(O)N(H)Ph with [Tm(Bu(t))]ZnSePh. The significant selenophilicity of mercury is in accord with the aforementioned proposal that one reason for the toxicity of mercury is associated with it reducing the bioavailability of selenium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Yurkerwich
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Brandão R, Borges LP, Nogueira CW. Concomitant administration of sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulphonate (DMPS) and diphenyl diselenide reduces effectiveness of DMPS in restoring damage induced by mercuric chloride in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1771-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
80
|
Palaniappan PL, Vijayasundaram V. The effect of arsenic exposure and the efficacy of DMSA on the proteins and lipids of the gill tissues of Labeo rohita. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1752-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
81
|
Scott LE, Orvig C. Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Approaches to Passivation and Removal of Aberrant Metal Ions in Disease. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4885-910. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Scott
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Ruha AM, Curry SC, Gerkin RD, Caldwell KL, Osterloh JD, Wax PM. Urine mercury excretion following meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid challenge in fish eaters. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009; 133:87-92. [PMID: 19123743 DOI: 10.5858/133.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Public awareness of methylmercury in fish has caused patients to seek testing for mercury poisoning. In some patients, the diagnosis of mercury poisoning has been made based on urine mercury excretions following oral dosing of meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a metal chelator. However, studies comparing urine mercury excretion following DMSA in healthy non-fish eaters with healthy fish eaters could not be located. OBJECTIVES To describe urinary mercury excretion before and after DMSA in healthy fish eaters and non-fish eaters, and to determine whether urine mercury excretion after DMSA would rise above baseline levels to a greater extent in fish eaters. DESIGN A total of 24 healthy physicians were assigned to 1 of 3 groups based on fish consumption: non-fish eaters; 1 to 2 fish servings per week; and 3 or more servings per week. Blood mercury concentrations and 12-hour urine mercury and creatinine excretions were measured before and after oral ingestion of 30 mg of DMSA per kilogram of body weight. RESULTS A total of 24 subjects completed the study, and 2 subsequently were excluded. No difference in baseline urinary mercury excretion was detected between groups. All groups demonstrated an increase in urinary mercury excretion following DMSA, which was higher in fish eaters (P = .04). Multiple linear regression found that the best predictor of a rise in urine mercury excretion following DMSA challenge was the prechelation blood mercury concentration. CONCLUSIONS In this study of healthy physicians, oral DMSA produced a rise in urine mercury excretion both in non-fish eaters and fish eaters. The increase in chelated mercury excretion was higher in fish eaters. A simple rise in chelated mercury excretion over baseline excretion is not a reliable diagnostic indicator of mercury poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Michelle Ruha
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Cassatt DR, Kaminski JM, Hatchett RJ, DiCarlo AL, Benjamin JM, Maidment BW. Medical countermeasures against nuclear threats: radionuclide decorporation agents. Radiat Res 2009; 170:540-8. [PMID: 19024661 DOI: 10.1667/rr1485.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to radionuclides disseminated by a radiological dispersion device or deposited as fallout after a nuclear power plant accident or detonation of an improvised nuclear device could result in internal contamination of a significant number of individuals. Internalized radionuclides may cause both acute and chronic radiation injury and increase an individual's risk of developing cancer. This damage and risk can be mitigated by the use of decorporation agents that reduce internal contamination. Unfortunately, most effective agents decorporate only a limited range of radionuclides, and some are formulated in ways that would make administration in mass casualty situations challenging. There is a need for new radionuclide decorporation agents, reformulations of existing agents, and/or expansion of the labeled indications for existing treatments. Researchers developing novel or improved decorporation agents should also understand the regulatory pathway for these products. This workshop, the first in nearly half a century to focus exclusively on radionuclide decorporation, brought together researchers and scientific administrators from academia, government and industry as well as senior regulatory affairs officers and U.S. Food and Drug Administration personnel. Meeting participants reviewed recent progress in the development of decorporation agents and contemplated the future of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Cassatt
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
|
85
|
Lee JY, Lihm HS, Choi JS, Cha HS. The Effect of Vitamin C for Mercury Excretion by Hair Mercury Analysis. Korean J Fam Med 2009. [DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.9.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ho-Seob Lihm
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique J Baran
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR/CONICET, UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C. Correo 962, 1900-La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Martins RDP, Braga HDC, da Silva AP, Dalmarco JB, de Bem AF, dos Santos ARS, Dafre AL, Pizzolatti MG, Latini A, Aschner M, Farina M. Synergistic neurotoxicity induced by methylmercury and quercetin in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 47:645-9. [PMID: 19141311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a highly neurotoxic pollutant, whose mechanisms of toxicity are related to its pro-oxidative properties. A previous report showed under in vivo conditions the neuroprotective effects of plants of the genus Polygala against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, the flavonoid quercetin, isolated from Polygala sabulosa, displayed beneficial effects against MeHg-induced oxidative damage under in vitro conditions. In this study, we sought for potential beneficial effects of quercetin against the neurotoxicity induced by MeHg in Swiss female mice. Animals were divided into six experimental groups: control, quercetin low dose (5 mg/kg), quercetin high dose (50 mg/kg), MeHg (40 mg/L, in tap water), MeHg+quercetin low dose, and MeHg+quercetin high dose. After the treatment (21 days), a significant motor deficit was observed in MeHg+quercetin groups. Biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress showed that the simultaneous treatment with quercetin and MeHg caused a higher cerebellar oxidative damage when compared to the individual exposures. MeHg plus quercetin elicited a higher cerebellar lipid peroxidation than MeHg or quercetin alone. The present results indicate that under in vivo conditions quercetin and MeHg cause additive pro-oxidative effects toward the mice cerebellum and that such phenomenon is associated with the observed motor deficit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de P Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Zalups RK, Bridges CC. MRP2 involvement in renal proximal tubular elimination of methylmercury mediated by DMPS or DMSA. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 235:10-7. [PMID: 19063911 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2, 3-Dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS) and meso-2, 3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) are dithiols used to treat humans exposed to methylmercury (CH(3)Hg(+)). After treatment, significant amounts of mercury are eliminated rapidly from the kidneys and are excreted in urine. In the present study, we extended our previous studies by testing the hypothesis that MRP2 mediates the secretion of DMPS or DMSA S-conjugates of CH(3)Hg(+). To test this hypothesis, the disposition of mercury was assessed in control and Mrp2-deficient (TR(-)) rats exposed intravenously to a 5.0-mg/kg dose of CH(3)HgCl. Twenty-four and 28 h after exposure, groups of four control and four TR(-) rats were injected with saline, DMPS, or DMSA. Tissues were harvested 48 h later. Renal and hepatic contents of mercury were greater in saline-injected TR(-) rats than in controls. In contrast, the amounts of mercury excreted in urine and feces by TR(-) rats were less than those by controls. DMPS and DMSA significantly reduced the renal and hepatic content of mercury in both groups of rats, with the greatest reduction in controls. A significant increase in urinary and fecal excretion of mercury (which was greater in the controls) was also observed. Our findings in inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from hMRP2-transfected Sf9 cells show that uptake of DMPS and DMSA S-conjugates of CH(3)Hg(+) was greater in the vesicles containing hMRP2 than in control vesicles. Overall, these dispositional findings indicate that MRP2 does play a role in DMPS- and DMSA-mediated elimination of mercury from the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolfs K Zalups
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Abam E, Okediran BS, Odukoya OO, Adamson I, Ademuyiwa O. Reversal of ionoregulatory disruptions in occupational lead exposure by vitamin C. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 26:297-304. [PMID: 21791378 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the toxic effects of lead during occupational exposure to this metal and the antidotal efficacy of ascorbic acid directed against these toxic effects, various artisans in Abeokuta, Nigeria, who have been shown to be occupationally exposed to lead were supplemented daily with 500mg ascorbic acid for 2 weeks. Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase activity in erythrocyte membrane, as well as calcium and magnesium concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, erythrocyte membrane and urine of the artisans were determined before and after ascorbic acid supplementation. The 2-week ascorbic acid administration resulted in the reversal of lead-induced accumulation of calcium and magnesium in the erythrocyte membranes of the artisans. Ascorbic acid also reversed lead-induced inhibition of erythrocyte membrane Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase. Urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium was not affected by ascorbic acid. There may be some scope in introducing ascorbic acid as an intervention strategy for the prevention and therapy of lead intoxication, especially in cases where the subjects cannot be removed from the source of lead exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Abam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Drasch G, Boese-O'Reilly S, Illig S. Increase of renal excretion of organo-mercury compounds like methlymercury by DMPS (2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, Dimaval®). Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008; 45:266-9. [PMID: 17453878 DOI: 10.1080/15563650601072175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In a highly mercury-burdened, small scale gold mining area in the Philippines, spontaneous urine samples were taken from 75 Hg intoxicated volunteers before (U1), and 2-3 hours after (U2) the oral application of 200 mg DMPS (2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, Dimaval). In the urine samples, the concentrations of organic and inorganic bound mercury were determined separately by CV-AAS. In U1, median concentrations of 15.7 microg inorganic Hg/g crea. and 2.2 microg organic Hg/g crea. were found. In U2, these values increased to 262 for inorganic Hg and 14.5 for organic Hg. Maximum concentrations (microg/g crea.) as high as 7,593 for inorganic Hg and 2,011 for organic Hg were observed after DMPS. The mean (median) increasing factor (U2/U1) was 16.0 for inorganic Hg and 5.1 for organic Hg. There was a trend that females responded better to DMPS than males. It was concluded that DMPS increases the renal excretion of organic bound Hg as it does for inorganic Hg, but to a lesser extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Drasch
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Šimek P, Hušek P, Zahradníčková H. Gas Chromatographic−Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Biomarkers Related to Folate and Cobalamin Status in Human Serum after Dimercaptopropanesulfonate Reduction and Heptafluorobutyl Chloroformate Derivatization. Anal Chem 2008; 80:5776-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, and Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty Hospital, 17. listopadu 1790, CZ-708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hušek
- Biology Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, and Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty Hospital, 17. listopadu 1790, CZ-708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Zahradníčková
- Biology Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, and Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty Hospital, 17. listopadu 1790, CZ-708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Williams PA, Baran EJ. Vanadium detoxification: On the interaction of oxovanadium(IV) and other vanadium species with 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1195-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
93
|
The role of thiol-reducing agents on modulation of glutamate binding induced by heavy metals in platelets. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:438-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
94
|
Aremu DA, Madejczyk MS, Ballatori N. N-acetylcysteine as a potential antidote and biomonitoring agent of methylmercury exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:26-31. [PMID: 18197295 PMCID: PMC2199271 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people, by means of consumption of seafood or other anthropogenic sources, are exposed to levels of methylmercury (MeHg) that are generally considered to be quite low, but that may nevertheless produce irreversible brain damage, particularly in unborn babies. The only way to prevent or ameliorate MeHg toxicity is to enhance its elimination from the body. OBJECTIVES Using N-acetylcysteine (NAC), we aimed to devise a monitoring protocol for early detection of acute exposure or relatively low MeHg levels in a rodent model, and to test whether NAC reduces MeHg levels in the developing embryo. RESULTS NAC produced a transient, dose-dependent acceleration of urinary MeHg excretion in rats of both sexes. Approximately 5% of various MeHg doses was excreted in urine 2 hr after injection of 1 mmol/kg NAC. In pregnant rats, NAC markedly reduced the body burden of MeHg, particularly in target tissues such as brain, placenta, and fetus. In contrast, NAC had no significant effect on urinary MeHg excretion in preweanling rats. CONCLUSIONS Because NAC causes a transient increase in urinary excretion of MeHg that is proportional to the body burden, it is promising as a biomonitoring agent for MeHg in adult animals. In view of this and because NAC is effective at enhancing MeHg excretion when given either orally or intravenously, can decrease brain and fetal levels of MeHg, has minimal side effects, and is widely available in clinical settings, NAC should be evaluated as a potential antidote and biomonitoring agent in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nazzareno Ballatori
- Address correspondence to N. Ballatori, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Telephone: (585) 275-0262. Fax: (585) 256-2591. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Chapter 5 Inorganic Molecular Toxicology and Chelation Therapy of Heavy Metals and Metalloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-0854(07)02005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
96
|
Eliaz I, Weil E, Wilk B. Integrative medicine and the role of modified citrus pectin/alginates in heavy metal chelation and detoxification--five case reports. Complement Med Res 2007; 14:358-64. [PMID: 18219211 DOI: 10.1159/000109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal body burden can contribute to chronic disease, as well as interfere with the body's capacity to recover from illness. The five case studies presented here show that reduction in toxic heavy metals (74% average decrease) was achieved without side effects, with the use of PectaSol modified citrus pectin (MCP) (EcoNugenics; Santa Rosa, CA, USA) alone or with an MCP/alginates combination. The gradual decrease of total body heavy metal burden is believed to have played an important role in each patient's recovery and health maintenance. This is the first known documentation of evidence of such results in a clinical report of case studies with possible correlation between clinical outcome and a reduction in toxic heavy metal load in patients using MCP and/or an MCP/alginate complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Eliaz
- Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center Sebastopol, CA 95472, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Complexing Properties of Phenolic Diazacrown Ethers with Transition and Heavy Metal Ions. J SOLUTION CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-007-9218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
98
|
Guzzi G, La Porta CAM. Molecular mechanisms triggered by mercury. Toxicology 2007; 244:1-12. [PMID: 18077077 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is an ubiquitous environmental toxin that causes a wide range of adverse health effects in humans. Three forms of mercury exist: elemental, inorganic and organic. Each of them has its own profile of toxicity. Exposure to mercury typically occurs by inhalation or ingestion. Mercury can be an indoor air pollutant, however industry emission remains the most important source of inhaled mercury. Furthermore, fresh water and ocean fish may contain large amounts of mercury and dental amalgam can be another important source of inorganic and mercury vapor. The present review discusses the current information on mercury toxicity and the distinct toxicologic profile of the three forms of mercury. The existing therapeutics, new therapeutics development or agents for treating mercury poisoning will also discussed. Since in general low levels of mercurial are tolerable, herein, we also discuss the defensive mechanisms developed by the cell to protect itself against mercury injury. This aspect may be useful to provide a biological protection against toxic effects exerted by mercury or by specific forms of mercury in view of a medicinal purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GianPaolo Guzzi
- AIRMEB Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Bridges CC, Joshee L, Zalups RK. Multidrug resistance proteins and the renal elimination of inorganic mercury mediated by 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:383-90. [PMID: 17940195 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for inorganic mercury (Hg(2+)) intoxication include administration of a metal chelator, either 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS) or meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). After exposure to either chelator, Hg(2+) is rapidly eliminated from the kidneys and excreted in the urine, presumably as an S-conjugate of DMPS or DMSA. The multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) has been implicated in this process. We hypothesize that Mrp2 mediates the secretion of DMPS- or DMSA-S-conjugates of Hg(2+) from proximal tubular cells. To test this hypothesis, the disposition of Hg(2+) was examined in control and Mrp2-deficient TR(-) rats. Rats were injected i.v. with 0.5 mumol/kg HgCl(2) containing (203)Hg(2+). Twenty-four and 28 h later, rats were injected with saline, DMPS, or DMSA. Tissues were harvested 48 h after HgCl(2) exposure. The renal and hepatic burden of Hg(2+) in the saline-injected TR(-) rats was greater than that of controls. In contrast, the amount of Hg(2+) excreted in urine and feces of TR(-) rats was less than that of controls. DMPS, but not DMSA, significantly reduced the renal and hepatic content of Hg(2+) in both groups of rats, with the greatest reduction in controls. A significant increase in urinary and fecal excretion of Hg(2+), which was greater in the controls, was also observed following DMPS treatment. Experiments utilizing inside-out membrane vesicles expressing MRP2 support these observations by demonstrating that DMPS- and DMSA-S-conjugates of Hg(2+) are transportable substrates of MRP2. Collectively, these data support a role for Mrp2 in the DMPS- and DMSA-mediated elimination of Hg(2+) from the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy C Bridges
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, 1550 College Street, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Han JM, Chang BJ, Li TZ, Choe NH, Quan FS, Jang BJ, Cho IH, Hong HN, Lee JH. Protective effects of ascorbic acid against lead-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat hippocampus in vivo. Brain Res 2007; 1185:68-74. [PMID: 17959157 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a neurotoxin that affects the developing central nervous system and may potentially induce apoptotic cell death. We investigated the effect of ascorbic acid against lead-induced neurotoxicity in the developing rat hippocampus. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group, lead-treated group and lead plus ascorbic acid-treated group. Lead (0.2% lead acetate) was administered to female rats during pregnancy and lactation, in their drinking water. During this period, rats in the lead plus ascorbic acid-treated group received 100 mg/kg/day ascorbic acid, orally. At the end of the treatment, neuronal damage, apoptosis and blood lead levels were determined and the levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were immunodetected in the hippocampus of 21-day-old male pups. Histopathological evaluation demonstrated that ascorbic acid significantly attenuates apoptosis in the developing hippocampus and also spares hippocampal CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) neurons. Simultaneous administration of ascorbic acid and lead lowered the level of Bax protein and increased Bcl-2 in pup hippocampus and reduced lead level in blood of dams compared with lead-treated only. Based on these results, it seems that ascorbic acid may potentially be beneficial in treating lead-induced brain injury in the developing rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mi Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|