51
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Kim KJ, Kim YW, Kim YG, Park HM, Jin JM, Hwan Kim Y, Yang YH, Kyu Lee J, Chung J, Lee SG, Saghatelian A. Stable isotopic labeling-based quantitative targeted glycomics (i-QTaG). Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:840-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Woo Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Min Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Mi Jin
- Div. of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang 363-883 Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Bio-Analytical Science; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Div. of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang 363-883 Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Bio-Analytical Science; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Dept. of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Lee
- Dept. of Internal Medicine; Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Dongguk University; Goyang 401-773 Si Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Research Institute; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul 110-799 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Gu Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Pusan National University; Pusan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundations Laboratories for Peptide Biology; Salk Institute; La Jolla CA 92037
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52
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Zhou S, Hu Y, DeSantos-Garcia JL, Mechref Y. Quantitation of permethylated N-glycans through multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:596-603. [PMID: 25698222 PMCID: PMC4514032 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The important biological roles of glycans and their implications in disease development and progression have created a demand for the development of sensitive quantitative glycomics methods. Quantitation of glycans existing at low abundance is still analytically challenging. In this study, an N-linked glycans quantitation method using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) on a triple quadrupole instrument was developed. Optimum normalized collision energy (CE) for both sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan was determined to be 30%, whereas it was found to be 35% for either fucosylated or sialylated N-glycans. The optimum CE for mannose and complex type N-glycan was determined to be 35%. Additionally, the use of three transitions was shown to facilitate reliable quantitation. A total of 88 N-glycan compositions in human blood serum were quantified using this MRM approach. Reliable detection and quantitation of these glycans was achieved when the equivalence of 0.005 μL of blood serum was analyzed. Accordingly, N-glycans down to the 100th of a μL level can be reliably quantified in pooled human blood serum, spanning a dynamic concentration range of three orders of magnitude. MRM was also effectively utilized to quantitatively compare the expression of N-glycans derived from brain-targeting breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231BR) and metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Thus, the described MRM method of permethylated N-glycan enables a rapid and reliable identification and quantitation of glycans derived from glycoproteins purified or present in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
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53
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Ahn YH, Kim JY, Yoo JS. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins combined with enrichment methods. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:148-65. [PMID: 24889823 PMCID: PMC4340049 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a core technology for high sensitive and high-throughput analysis of the enriched glycoproteome in aspects of quantitative assays as well as qualitative profiling of glycoproteins. Because it has been widely recognized that aberrant glycosylation in a glycoprotein may involve in progression of a certain disease, the development of efficient analysis tool for the aberrant glycoproteins is very important for deep understanding about pathological function of the glycoprotein and new biomarker development. This review first describes the protein glycosylation-targeting enrichment technologies mainly employing solid-phase extraction methods such as hydrizide-capturing, lectin-specific capturing, and affinity separation techniques based on porous graphitized carbon, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, or immobilized boronic acid. Second, MS-based quantitative analysis strategies coupled with the protein glycosylation-targeting enrichment technologies, by using a label-free MS, stable isotope-labeling, or targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS, are summarized with recent published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hee Ahn
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongwon-Gun, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongwon-Gun, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongwon-Gun, 363-883, Republic of Korea
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54
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Michael C, Rizzi AM. Quantitative isomer-specific N-glycan fingerprinting using isotope coded labeling and high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with graphitic carbon stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1383:88-95. [PMID: 25638265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycan reductive isotope labeling (GRIL) using (12)C6-/(13)C6-aniline as labeling reagent is reported with the aim of quantitative N-glycan fingerprinting. Porous graphitized carbon (PGC) as stationary phase in capillary scale HPLC coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer was applied for the determination of labeled N-glycans released from glycoproteins. The main benefit of using stable isotope-coding in the context of comparative glycomics lies in the improved accuracy and precision of the quantitative analysis in combined samples and in the potential of correcting for structure-dependent incomplete enzymatic release of oligosaccharides when comparing identical target proteins. The method was validated with respect to mobile phase parameters, reproducibility, accuracy, linearity and limit of detection/quantification (LOD/LOQ) using test glycoproteins. It is shown that the developed method is capable of determining relative amounts of N-glycans (including isomers) comparing two samples in one single HPLC-MS run. The analytical potential and usefulness of GRIL in combination with PGC-ESI-TOF-MS is demonstrated comparing glycosylation in human monoclonal antibodies produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and hybridoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Michael
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas M Rizzi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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55
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Hu Y, Zhou S, Yu CY, Tang H, Mechref Y. Automated annotation and quantitation of glycans by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis using the MultiGlycan-ESI computational tool. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:135-42. [PMID: 25462374 PMCID: PMC4516131 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is currently considered to be a conventional glycomics analysis strategy due to the high sensitivity and ability to handle complex biological samples. Interpretation of LC/MS data is a major bottleneck in high-throughput glycomics LC/MS-based analysis. The complexity of LC/MS data associated with biological samples prompts the needs to develop computational tools capable of facilitating automated data annotation and quantitation. METHODS An LC/MS-based automated data annotation and quantitation software, MultiGlycan-ESI, was developed and utilized for glycan quantitation. Data generated by the software from LC/MS analysis of permethylated N-glycans derived from fetuin were initially validated by manual integration to assess the performance of the software. The performance of MultiGlycan-ESI was then assessed for the quantitation of permethylated fetuin N-glycans analyzed at different concentrations or spiked with permethylated N-glycans derived from human blood serum. RESULTS The relative abundance differences between data generated by the software and those generated by manual integration were less than 5%, indicating the reliability of MultiGlycan-ESI in quantitation of permethylated glycans analyzed by LC/MS. Automated quantitation resulted in a linear relationship for all six N-glycans derived from 50 ng to 400 ng fetuin with correlation coefficients (R(2) ) greater than 0.93. Spiking of permethylated fetuin N-glycans at different concentrations in permethylated N-glycan samples derived from a 0.02 μL of HBS also exhibited linear agreement with R(2) values greater than 0.9. CONCLUSIONS With a variety of options, including mass accuracy, merged adducts, and filtering criteria, MultiGlycan-ESI allows automated annotation and quantitation of LC/ESI-MS N-glycan data. The software allows the reliable quantitation of glycan LC/MS data. The software is reliable for automated glycan quantitation, thus facilitating rapid and reliable high-throughput glycomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Chuan-Yih Yu
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Haixu Tang
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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56
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Yang G, Tan Z, Lu W, Guo J, Yu H, Yu J, Sun C, Qi X, Li Z, Guan F. Quantitative glycome analysis of N-glycan patterns in bladder cancer vs normal bladder cells using an integrated strategy. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:639-53. [PMID: 25536294 DOI: 10.1021/pr5006026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of bladder cancer, one of the most common types of human cancer, at an early (nonmuscle-invasive) stage is the best way to reduce the mortality rate. Tumor malignancy in general is closely associated with alterations of glycan expression. Glycosylation status, particularly global glycomes, in bladder cancer has not been well studied. We integrated lectin microarray and mass spectrometry (MS) methods to quantitatively analyze and compare glycan expression in four bladder cancer cell lines (KK47, YTS1, J82, T24) and one normal bladder mucosa cell line (HCV29). Glycopattern alterations were analyzed using lectin microarray analysis and confirmed by lectin staining and lectin blotting. Associations of glycopatterns with diverging stages were evaluated by lectin histochemistry on tissue microarrays. N-Glycans were derivatized by amidation of sialylated glycans with acetohydrazide and reductive amination with the stable isotope tags [(12)C6]- and [(13)C6]-aniline, and were quantitatively analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). N-Glycan biosynthesis-associated proteins were quantitatively analyzed by a stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) proteomics method, which revealed significant differences in expression of 13 glycosyltransferases and 4 glycosidases. Our findings indicate that sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)), terminal GalNAc and Gal, and high mannose-type N-glycans were more highly expressed in bladder cancer cells and tissues than in normal cells. Bladder cancer cells showed high expression of core-fucosylated N-glycans but low expression of terminally fucosylated N-glycans. Each of these glycome changes may be directly related to bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganglong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China
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57
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Millán Martín S, Delporte C, Farrell A, Navas Iglesias N, McLoughlin N, Bones J. Comparative analysis of monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation using stable isotope labelling and UPLC-fluorescence-MS. Analyst 2015; 140:1442-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02345e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A twoplex method using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope analogies of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) is described for LC-fluorescence-MS based quantitative and comparative analysis of N-glycans present on monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Millán Martín
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Amy Farrell
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Natalia Navas Iglesias
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Biomedical Research Institute
- University of Granada
- 18071 Granada
| | - Niaobh McLoughlin
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
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58
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Zhao MZ, Tie C, Zhang YW, Deng Y, Zhang FT, Zhou YL, Zhang XX. Deuterated hydrazino-s-triazine as highly-efficient labelling reagent for glycan relative quantification analysis using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative stable-isotope relative quantification strategy for N-glycans was achieved using self-designed non-reductive hydrazino-s-triazine deuterated derivative as labelling reagent combined with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhe Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Yan Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Fang-Ting Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Ying-Lin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Xin-Xiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
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59
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Zhang W, Cao W, Huang J, Wang H, Wang J, Xie C, Yang P. PNGase F-mediated incorporation of 18O into glycans for relative glycan quantitation. Analyst 2015; 140:1082-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An enzymatic four 18O-labeling strategy based on PNGase F-catalyzed glycan 18O-labeling (PCGOL) developed in this work can be used for simultaneous quantification of glycans, non-glycopeptides and glycopeptides in a single workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Weiqian Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Jiangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ji Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
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60
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Jiang K, Wang C, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang L, Wang Z. Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7245-7254. [PMID: 24998151 DOI: 10.1021/jf501352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University , Xi'an 710069, PR China
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61
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Yao W, Sun Y, Zhang P, Huang L, Wang Z. Fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide (FTSC) labeling for fluorescent imaging of pectin-derived oligogalacturonic acid transported in living cells by confocal microscopy. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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62
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Relative quantitation of glycopeptides based on stable isotope labeling using MALDI-TOF MS. Molecules 2014; 19:9944-61. [PMID: 25010467 PMCID: PMC6271863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an effective, sensitive method for quantitative glycopeptide profiling using stable isotope labeling and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, we synthesized benzoic acid-d0N-succinimidyl ester (BzOSu) and benzoic acid-d5N-succinimidyl ester (d-BzOSu) as light and heavy isotope reagents for stable isotope quantification for the comparative analysis of glycopeptides. Using this approach provided enhanced ionization efficiency in both positive and negative modes by MALDI-TOF MS. These reagents were quantitatively reacted with glycopeptides from human serum IgG (hIgG) at a wide range of concentrations; the labeling efficiency of the glycopeptides showed high reproducibility and a good calibration curve was obtained. To demonstrate the practical utility of this approach, we characterized the structures of glycopeptides from hIgG and from IgG1 produced by myeloma plasma. The glycopeptides were quantitatively analyzed by mixing Bz-labeled IgG1 glycopeptides with d-Bz-labeled hIgG glycopeptides. Glycan structural identification of the hIgG glycopeptides was demonstrated by combining the highly specific recognition of endo-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidases from Streptococcus pyogenes (endoS) or from Streptococcus pneumoniae (endo-D) with MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The obtained data revealed the glycan profile and the ratio of glycan structural isomers containing a galactosylated extension on IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 glycopetides.
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63
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Zhou H, Warren PG, Froehlich JW, Lee RS. Dual modifications strategy to quantify neutral and sialylated N-glycans simultaneously by MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6277-84. [PMID: 24766348 PMCID: PMC4082391 DOI: 10.1021/ac500298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Differences
in ionization efficiency among neutral and sialylated
glycans prevent direct quantitative comparison by their respective
mass spectrometric signals. To overcome this challenge, we developed
an integrated chemical strategy, Dual Reactions for Analytical Glycomics
(DRAG), to quantitatively compare neutral and sialylated glycans simultaneously
by MALDI-MS. Initially, two glycan samples to be compared undergo
reductive amination with 2-aminobenzoic acid and 2-13[C6]-aminobenzoic acid, respectively. The different isotope-incorporated
glycans are then combined and subjected to the methylamidation of
the sialic acid residues in one mixture, homogenizing the ionization
responses for all neutral and sialylated glycans. By this approach,
the expression change of relevant glycans between two samples is proportional
to the ratios of doublet signals with a static 6 Da mass difference
in MALDI-MS and the change in relative abundance of any glycan within
samples can also be determined. The strategy was chemically validated
using well-characterized N-glycans from bovine fetuin and IgG from
human serum. By comparing the N-glycomes from a first morning (AM)
versus an afternoon (PM) urine sample obtained from a single donor,
we further demonstrated the ability of DRAG strategy to measure subtle
quantitative differences in numerous urinary N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Urology and The Proteomics Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Lawrence R, Brown JR, Lorey F, Dickson PI, Crawford BE, Esko JD. Glycan-based biomarkers for mucopolysaccharidoses. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:73-83. [PMID: 23958290 PMCID: PMC3769472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) result from attenuation or loss of enzyme activities required for lysosomal degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. This review provides a summary of glycan biomarkers that have been used to characterize animal models of MPS, for diagnosis of patients, and for monitoring therapy based on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy. Recent advances have focused on the non-reducing terminus of the glycosaminoglycans that accumulate as biomarkers, using a combination of enzymatic digestion with bacterial enzymes followed by quantitative liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. These new methods provide a simple, rapid diagnostic strategy that can be applied to samples of urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, cultured cells and dried blood spots from newborn infants. Analysis of the non-reducing end glycans provides a method for monitoring enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapies and serves as a discovery tool for uncovering novel biomarkers and new forms of mucopolysaccharidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lawrence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Fred Lorey
- Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Patricia I Dickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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65
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Tetrasaccharide iteration synthesis of a heparin-like dodecasaccharide and radiolabelling for in vivo tissue distribution studies. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2016. [PMID: 23828390 PMCID: PMC3715853 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-like oligosaccharides mediate numerous important biological interactions, of which many are implicated in various diseases. Synthetic improvements are central to the development of such oligosaccharides as therapeutics and, in addition, there are no methods to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of structurally defined heparin-like oligosaccharides. Here we report an efficient two-cycle [4+4+4] tetrasaccharide-iteration-based approach for rapid chemical synthesis of a structurally defined heparin-related dodecasaccharide, combined with the incorporation of a latent aldehyde tag, unmasked in the final step of chemical synthesis, providing a generic end group for labelling/conjugation. We exploit this latent aldehyde tag for 3H radiolabelling to provide the first example of this kind of agent for monitoring in vivo tissue distribution and in vivo stability of a biologically active, structurally defined heparin related dodecasaccharide. Such studies are critical for the development of related saccharide therapeutics, and the data here establish that a biologically active, synthetic, heparin-like dodecasaccharide provides good organ distribution, and serum lifetimes relevant to developing future oligosaccharide therapeutics. Heparin-like oligosaccharides are implicated in various diseases. Hansen et al. report an efficient two-cycle [4+4+4] tetrasaccharide-iteration-based approach to synthesize a structurally defined heparin dodecasaccharide with a latent aldehyde tag for labelling and conjugation.
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Wang C, Wu Z, Yuan J, Wang B, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Huang L. Simplified Quantitative Glycomics Using the Stable Isotope Label Girard’s Reagent P by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:372-84. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Wang
- Educational
Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western
China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhiyu Wu
- Educational
Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western
China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiangbei Yuan
- Educational
Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western
China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Educational
Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western
China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering School, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Educational
Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western
China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Educational
Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western
China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Educational
Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western
China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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67
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Ma YC, Lin CY, Her GR. Comparative study of sialyl glycoprotein with multiple glycosylation sites using isotope labeling and capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2530-2538. [PMID: 24123641 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A comparative strategy has been demonstrated using RNase B, a single-site N-linked high-mannose glycoprotein. Glycoproteins are more common with multiple glycosylation sites and with complex glycans. A strategy capable of differentiating the changes caused by glycoprotein concentration, glycosylation site occupancy, and a glycoform profile of complex glycoproteins would be beneficial. METHODS Tryptic-digested glycoproteins were labeled using 12 C,H-formaldehyde and 13 C, D-formaldehyde, purified, and then analyzed using capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (RPLC/MS). The relative intensity of non-glycosylated peptides provided information on glycoprotein concentration variation. A site-specific glycoform profile variation was obtained by comparing the glycoform profile of CH2 and 13 CD2 glycopeptides. Determining the protein concentration and glycoform profile variations allows the glycosylation site occupancy variation to be calculated. RESULTS A strong correlation between the observed and prepared ratios for fetuin glycopeptides from 0.2 to 5 was obtained. Two fetuin samples with different glycoprotein concentrations (4-fold change), glycoform profiles (normal and modified), and glycosylation site occupancies (100% and 50%) were prepared, labeled, mixed, purified, and analyzed using RPLC/MS. The results of the comparative study had a strong correlation with the prepared values. CONCLUSIONS In this report, we demonstrated a comparative analysis of fetuin, a glycoprotein with multiple glycosylation sites and complex sialyl glycans. Compared to our previous approach, we made several modifications including the use of RPLC, a larger mass difference isotope tag, and isotope overlapping correction. The modified approach is expected to be applicable to most glycoproteins. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Ma
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
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68
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Walker SH, Taylor AD, Muddiman DC. Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT): a novel glycan-relative quantification strategy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1376-1384. [PMID: 23860851 PMCID: PMC3769964 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Individuality Normalization when Labeling with Isotopic Glycan Hydrazide Tags (INLIGHT) strategy for the sample preparation, data analysis, and relative quantification of N-linked glycans is presented. Glycans are derivatized with either natural (L) or stable-isotope labeled (H) hydrazide reagents and analyzed using reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled online to a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. A simple glycan ladder, maltodextrin, is first used to demonstrate the relative quantification strategy in samples with negligible analytical and biological variability. It is shown that after a molecular weight correction attributable to isotopic overlap and a post-acquisition normalization of the data to account for any systematic bias, a plot of the experimental H:L ratio versus the calculated H:L ratio exhibits a correlation of unity for maltodextrin samples mixed in different ratios. We also demonstrate that the INLIGHT approach can quantify species over four orders of magnitude in ion abundance. The INLIGHT strategy is further demonstrated in pooled human plasma, where it is shown that the post-acquisition normalization is more effective than using a single spiked-in internal standard. Finally, changes in glycosylation are able to be detected in complex biological matrices, when spiked with a glycoprotein. The ability to spike in a glycoprotein and detect change at the glycan level validates both the sample preparation and data analysis strategy, making INLIGHT an invaluable relative quantification strategy for the field of glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hunter Walker
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Amber D. Taylor
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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Yang S, Yuan W, Yang W, Zhou J, Harlan R, Edwards J, Li S, Zhang H. Glycan analysis by isobaric aldehyde reactive tags and mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8188-95. [PMID: 23895018 DOI: 10.1021/ac401226d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, quantitative analysis of glycans from normal and disease specimens can provide insight into disease onset and progression. Relative glycan quantification usually requires modification of the glycans with either chromogenic or fluorogenic tags for optical measurement or isotopic tags for mass spectrometric analysis. Because of rapid advances in mass spectrometry (MS) instruments in resolution, sensitivity, and speed, MS-based methods have become increasingly popular for glycan analysis in the past decade. However, current isotopic tags for glycan labeling are mostly mass-shift tags generating mass differences in precursor ions for quantification, which can complicate mass spectra. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of isobaric aldehyde reactive tags (iARTs) for glycan quantification using tandem MS. We applied iARTs to the relative identification and quantification of glycans of gp120, a glycoprotein from human immunodeficiency virus. The results show that iARTs provide strong signals for glycan identification. Although we only show the synthesis and characterization of two iARTs reagents, iARTs can be readily expanded to six-plex tags for quantitative analysis of six samples concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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70
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Giménez E, Sanz-Nebot V, Rizzi A. Relative quantitation of glycosylation variants by stable isotope labeling of enzymatically released N-glycans using [12C]/[13C] aniline and ZIC-HILIC-ESI-TOF-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7307-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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71
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Walker SH, Taylor AD, Muddiman DC. The use of a xylosylated plant glycoprotein as an internal standard accounting for N-linked glycan cleavage and sample preparation variability. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1354-1358. [PMID: 23681813 PMCID: PMC3689153 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Traditionally, free oligosaccharide internal standards are used to account for variability in glycan relative quantification experiments by mass spectrometry. However, a more suitable internal standard would be a glycoprotein, which could also control for enzymatic cleavage efficiency, allowing for more accurate quantitative experiments. METHODS Hydrophobic, hydrazide N-linked glycan reagents (both native and stable-isotope labeled) are used to derivatize and differentially label N-linked glycan samples for relative quantification, and the samples are analyzed by a reversed-phase liquid chromatography chip system coupled online to a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer. The inclusion of two internal standards, maltoheptaose (previously used) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (novel), is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of using a glycoprotein as an internal standard in glycan relative quantification experiments. RESULTS HRP is a glycoprotein containing a xylosylated N-linked glycan, which is unique from mammalian N-linked glycans. Thus, the internal standard xylosylated glycan could be detected without interference to the sample. Additionally, it was shown that differences in cleavage efficiency can be detected by monitoring the HRP glycan. In a sample where cleavage efficiency variation is minimal, the HRP glycan performs as well as maltoheptaose. CONCLUSIONS Because the HRP glycan performs as well as maltoheptaose but is also capable of correcting and accounting for cleavage variability, it is a more versatile internal standard and will be used in all subsequent biological studies. Because of the possible lot-to-lot variation of an enzyme, differences in biological matrix, and variable enzyme activity over time, it is a necessity to account for glycan cleavage variability in glycan relative quantification experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hunter Walker
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Amber D. Taylor
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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72
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Bruheim P, Kvitvang HFN, Villas-Boas SG. Stable isotope coded derivatizing reagents as internal standards in metabolite profiling. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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73
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Relative quantification of biomarkers using mixed-isotope labeling coupled with MS. Bioanalysis 2013; 4:2525-41. [PMID: 23157360 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and quantification of important biomarkers is a critical first step in the elucidation of biological systems. Biomarkers take many forms as cellular responses to stimuli and can be manifested during transcription, translation, and/or metabolic processing. Increasingly, researchers have relied upon mixed-isotope labeling (MIL) coupled with MS to perform relative quantification of biomarkers between two or more biological samples. MIL effectively tags biomarkers of interest for ease of identification and quantification within the mass spectrometer by using isotopic labels that introduce a heavy and light form of the tag. In addition to MIL coupled with MS, a number of other approaches have been used to quantify biomarkers including protein gel staining, enzymatic labeling, metabolic labeling, and several label-free approaches that generate quantitative data from the MS signal response. This review focuses on MIL techniques coupled with MS for the quantification of protein and small-molecule biomarkers.
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74
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Hu Y, Desantos-Garcia JL, Mechref Y. Comparative glycomic profiling of isotopically permethylated N-glycans by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:865-77. [PMID: 23495056 PMCID: PMC3673025 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry based comparative glycomics is essential for disease biomarker discovery. However, developing a reliable quantification method is still a challenging task. METHODS We here report an isotopic labeling strategy employing stable isotopic iodomethane for comparative glycomic profiling by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). N-Glycans released from model glycoproteins and blood serum samples were permethylated with iodomethane ('light') and iodomethane-d1 or -d3 ('heavy') reagents. Permethylated samples were then mixed at equal volumes prior to LC/ESI-MS analysis. RESULTS Peak intensity ratios of N-glycans isotopically permethylated (Heavy/Light, H/L) were almost equal to the theoretical values. Observed differences were mainly related to the purity of 'heavy' iodomethane reagents (iodomethane-d1 or -d3). The data suggested the efficacy of this strategy to simultaneously quantify N-glycans derived from biological samples representing different cohorts. Accordingly, this strategy is effective in comparing multiple samples in a single LC/ESI-MS analysis. The potential of this strategy for defining glycomic differences in blood serum samples representing different esophageal diseases was explored. CONCLUSIONS LC/ESI-MS comparative glycomic profiling of isotopically permethylated N-glycans derived from biological samples and glycoproteins reliably defined glycan changes associated with biological conditions or glycoproteins expression. As a biological application, this strategy permitted the reliable quantification of glycomic changes associated with different esophageal diseases, including high grade dysplasia, Barrett's disease, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Corresponding author: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, , Tel: 806-742-3059, Fax: 806-742-1289
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75
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Alley WR, Mann BF, Novotny MV. High-sensitivity analytical approaches for the structural characterization of glycoproteins. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2668-732. [PMID: 23531120 PMCID: PMC3992972 DOI: 10.1021/cr3003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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76
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Shah P, Yang S, Sun S, Aiyetan P, Yarema KJ, Zhang H. Mass spectrometric analysis of sialylated glycans with use of solid-phase labeling of sialic acids. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3606-13. [PMID: 23445396 PMCID: PMC3681956 DOI: 10.1021/ac3033867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of sialylated glycans is critical for understanding the role of sialic acid in normal biological processes as well as in disease. However, the labile nature of sialic acid typically renders routine analysis of this monosaccharide by mass spectrometric methods difficult. To overcome this difficulty we pursued derivatization methodologies, extending established acetohydrazide approaches to aniline-based methods, and finally to optimized p-toluidine derivatization. This new quantitative glycoform profiling method with use of MALDI-TOF in positive ion mode was validated by first comparing N-glycans isolated from fetuin and serum and was then exploited to analyze the effects of increased metabolic flux through the sialic acid pathway in SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells by using a colabeling strategy with light and heavy toluidine. The latter results established that metabolic flux, in a complementary manner to the more well-known impact of sialyltransferase expression, can critically modulate the sialylation of specific glycans while leaving others virtually unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Shah
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Shisheng Sun
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Paul Aiyetan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
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77
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Novotny MV, Alley WR, Mann BF. Analytical glycobiology at high sensitivity: current approaches and directions. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:89-117. [PMID: 22945852 PMCID: PMC3586546 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the analytical advances made during the last several years in the structural and quantitative determinations of glycoproteins in complex biological mixtures. The main analytical techniques used in the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics involve different modes of mass spectrometry and their combinations with capillary separation methods such as microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The need for high-sensitivity measurements have been emphasized in the oligosaccharide profiling used in the field of biomarker discovery through MALDI mass spectrometry. High-sensitivity profiling of both glycans and glycopeptides from biological fluids and tissue extracts has been aided significantly through lectin preconcentration and the uses of affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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78
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Mechref Y, Hu Y, Desantos-Garcia JL, Hussein A, Tang H. Quantitative glycomics strategies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:874-84. [PMID: 23325767 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r112.026310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlations between protein glycosylation and many biological processes and diseases are increasing the demand for quantitative glycomics strategies enabling sensitive monitoring of changes in the abundance and structure of glycans. This is currently attained through multiple strategies employing several analytical techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The detection and quantification of glycans often involve labeling with ionic and/or hydrophobic reagents. This step is needed in order to enhance detection in spectroscopic and mass spectrometric measurements. Recently, labeling with stable isotopic reagents has also been presented as a very viable strategy enabling relative quantitation. The different strategies available for reliable and sensitive quantitative glycomics are herein described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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79
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Alley WR, Novotny MV. Structural glycomic analyses at high sensitivity: a decade of progress. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:237-65. [PMID: 23560930 PMCID: PMC3992932 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The field of glycomics has recently advanced in response to the urgent need for structural characterization and quantification of complex carbohydrates in biologically and medically important applications. The recent success of analytical glycobiology at high sensitivity reflects numerous advances in biomolecular mass spectrometry and its instrumentation, capillary and microchip separation techniques, and microchemical manipulations of carbohydrate reactivity. The multimethodological approach appears to be necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of very complex glycomes in different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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80
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Walker SH, Carlisle BC, Muddiman DC. Systematic comparison of reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography platforms for the analysis of N-linked glycans. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8198-206. [PMID: 22954204 PMCID: PMC3689152 DOI: 10.1021/ac3012494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the hydrophilic nature of glycans, reverse phase chromatography has not been widely used as a glycomic separation technique coupled to mass spectrometry. Other approaches such as hydrophilic interaction chromatography and porous graphitized carbon chromatography are often employed, though these strategies frequently suffer from decreased chromatographic resolution, long equilibration times, indefinite retention, and column bleed. Herein, it is shown that, through an efficient hydrazone formation derivatization of N-linked glycans (~4 h of additional sample preparation time which is carried out in parallel), numerous experimental and practical advantages are gained when analyzing the glycans by online reverse phase chromatography. These benefits include an increased number of glycans detected, increased peak capacity of the separation, and the ability to analyze glycans on the identical liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform commonly used for proteomic analyses. The data presented show that separation of derivatized N-linked glycans by reverse phase chromatography significantly out-performs traditional separation of native or derivatized glycans by hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Furthermore, the movement to a more ubiquitous separation technique will afford numerous research groups the opportunity to analyze both proteomic and glycomic samples on the same platform with minimal time and physical change between experiments, increasing the efficiency of "multiomic" biological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hunter Walker
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Brandon C. Carlisle
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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81
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Du Y, Wang F, May K, Xu W, Liu H. LC–MS analysis of glycopeptides of recombinant monoclonal antibodies by a rapid digestion procedure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 907:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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82
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Stupak J, Ghribi O, Geiger JD, Liu QY, Li J. Targeted glycomics by selected reaction monitoring for highly sensitive glycan compositional analysis. Proteomics 2012; 12:2510-22. [PMID: 22821818 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of glycomics increasingly requires the detection and quantification of large numbers of glycans, which is only partially achieved by current glycomics approaches. Taking advantage of selected reaction monitoring to enhance both sensitivity and selectivity, we report here a strategy termed targeted glycomics that enables highly sensitive and consistent identification and quantification of diverse glycans across multiple samples at the same time. In this proof-of-principle study, we validated the method by analyzing global N-glycans expressed in different systems: single proteins, cancer cells, and serum samples. A dynamic range of three orders of magnitude was obtained for the detection of all five glycans released from ribonuclease B. The limit of detection of 80 attomole for Man(9)GlcNAc(2) demonstrated the excellent sensitivity of the method. The capability of the strategy to identify diverse glycans was demonstrated by identification and detection of 162 different glycans and isomers from pancreatic cancer cells. The sensitivity of the method was illustrated further by the ability to detect eight glycans from 250 cancer cells and five glycans released from 100 cancer cells. In serum obtained from rabbits fed control diet or diet enriched with 2% cholesterol, differences to 42 glycans were accurately measured and this indicates that this strategy might find use in studies of biomarker discovery and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Zhang
- National Research Council Canada-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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83
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Tep S, Hincapie M, Hancock WS. The characterization and quantitation of glycomic changes in CHO cells during a bioreactor campaign. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:3007-17. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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84
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Hahne H, Neubert P, Kuhn K, Etienne C, Bomgarden R, Rogers JC, Kuster B. Carbonyl-Reactive Tandem Mass Tags for the Proteome-Wide Quantification of N-Linked Glycans. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3716-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hahne
- Chair for Proteomics
and Bioanalytics,
Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum
5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Chair for Proteomics
and Bioanalytics,
Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum
5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Kuhn
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chris Etienne
- Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein
Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford,
Illinois 61105, United States
| | - Ryan Bomgarden
- Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein
Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford,
Illinois 61105, United States
| | - John C. Rogers
- Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein
Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford,
Illinois 61105, United States
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics
and Bioanalytics,
Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum
5, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354
Freising, Germany
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85
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Hashii N, Nakazawa S, Kawasaki N. [Glycomics in quality control of tissue-engineered medical products]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 132:489-97. [PMID: 22465927 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.132.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of cells is known to alter with several biological events such as cell differentiations and proliferations as well as some diseases. "Glycomic approaches", comprehensive qualitative and quantitative glycan analyses of the cells, have become increasingly important as a means of discovering biomarkers that have the potential of being used as disease diagnostic markers and molecular markers for cell characterizations. In this paper, we introduce a method of quantitative glycan profiling by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with a combination of an isotope tagging method. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of glycan profiling as a tool for the identification of differentiated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and non-differentiated hMSC.
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86
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A general approach for the purification and quantitative glycomic analysis of human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2687-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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87
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Lawrence R, Brown JR, Al-Mafraji K, Lamanna WC, Beitel JR, Boons GJ, Esko JD, Crawford BE. Disease-specific non-reducing end carbohydrate biomarkers for mucopolysaccharidoses. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:197-204. [PMID: 22231271 PMCID: PMC3262053 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A considerable need exists for improved biomarkers for differential diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of therapeutic interventions for mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), inherited metabolic disorders that involve lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans. Here we report a simple, reliable method based on the detection of abundant nonreducing ends of the glycosaminoglycans that accumulate in cells, blood and urine of individuals with MPS. In this method, glycosaminoglycans are enzymatically depolymerized, releasing unique mono-, di- or trisaccharides from the nonreducing ends of the chains. The composition of the released mono- and oligosaccharides depends on the nature of the lysosomal enzyme deficiency, and therefore they serve as diagnostic biomarkers. Analysis by LC/MS allowed qualitative and quantitative assessment of the biomarkers in biological samples. We provide a simple conceptual scheme for diagnosing MPS in uncharacterized samples and a method to monitor efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy or other forms of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lawrence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jillian R. Brown
- Zacharon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 5626 Oberlin Drive, San Diego CA 92121
| | - Kanar Al-Mafraji
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - William C. Lamanna
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - James R. Beitel
- Zacharon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 5626 Oberlin Drive, San Diego CA 92121
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Jeffrey D. Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Brett E. Crawford
- Zacharon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 5626 Oberlin Drive, San Diego CA 92121
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88
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Tep S, Hincapie M, Hancock WS. A MALDI-TOF MS method for the simultaneous and quantitative analysis of neutral and sialylated glycans of CHO-expressed glycoproteins. Carbohydr Res 2012; 347:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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89
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Zhou W, Håkansson K. Electron detachment dissociation of fluorescently labeled sialylated oligosaccharides. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3526-35. [PMID: 22120881 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We explored the application of electron detachment dissociation (EDD) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) tandem mass spectrometry to fluorescently labeled sialylated oligosaccharides. Standard sialylated oligosaccharides and a sialylated N-linked glycan released from human transferrin were investigated. EDD yielded extensive glycosidic cleavages and cross-ring cleavages in all cases studied, consistently providing complementary structural information compared with infrared multiphoton dissociation. Neutral losses and satellite ions such as C-2H ions were also observed following EDD. In addition, we examined the influence of different fluorescent labels. The acidic label 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) enhanced signal abundance in negative-ion mode. However, few cross-ring fragments were observed for 2-AA-labeled oligosaccharides. The neutral label 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) resulted in more cross-ring cleavages compared with 2-AA-labeled species, but not as extensive fragmentation as for native oligosaccharides, likely resulting from altered negative charge locations from introduction of the fluorescent tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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90
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Walker SH, Budhathoki-Uprety J, Novak BM, Muddiman DC. Stable-isotope labeled hydrophobic hydrazide reagents for the relative quantification of N-linked glycans by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6738-45. [PMID: 21774516 PMCID: PMC3184603 DOI: 10.1021/ac201376q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the development of stable-isotope labeled hydrophobic, hydrazide reagents for the relative quantification of N-linked glycans. The P2GPN "light" ((12)C) and "heavy" ((13)C(6)) pair are used to differentially label two N-linked glycan samples. The samples are combined 1:1, separated using HILIC, and then mass differentiated and quantified using mass spectrometry. These reagents have several benefits: (1) impart hydrophobic character to the glycans affording an increase in electrospray ionization efficiency and MS detection; (2) indistinguishable chromatographic, MS, and MS/MS performance of the "light" and "heavy" reagents affording relative quantification; and (3) analytical variability is significantly reduced due to the two samples being mixed together after sample preparation. Obtaining these analytical benefits only requires ~4 h of sample preparation time. It is shown that these reagents are capable of quantifying changes in glycosylation in simple mixtures, and the analytical variability of the reagents in pooled plasma samples is shown to be less than ±30%. Additionally, the incorporation of an internal standard allows one to account for the difference in systematic error between the two samples due to the samples being processed in parallel and not mixed until after derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hunter Walker
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | | | - Bruce M. Novak
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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91
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Walker SH, Lilley LM, Enamorado MF, Comins DL, Muddiman DC. Hydrophobic derivatization of N-linked glycans for increased ion abundance in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1309-17. [PMID: 21953184 PMCID: PMC3700344 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A library of neutral, hydrophobic reagents was synthesized for use as derivatizing agents in order to increase the ion abundance of N-linked glycans in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). The glycans are derivatized via hydrazone formation and are shown to increase the ion abundance of a glycan standard more than 4-fold. Additionally, the data show that the systematic addition of hydrophobic surface area to the reagent increases the glycan ion abundance, a property that can be further exploited in the analysis of glycans. The results of this study will direct the future synthesis of hydrophobic reagents for glycan analysis using the correlation between hydrophobicity and theoretical non-polar surface area calculation to facilitate the development of an optimum tag for glycan derivatization. The compatibility and advantages of this method are demonstrated by cleaving and derivatizing N-linked glycans from human plasma proteins. The ESI-MS signal for the tagged glycans are shown to be significantly more abundant, and the detection of negatively charged sialylated glycans is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hunter Walker
- W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Laura M. Lilley
- Department of Chemistry, Warren Wilson College, Asheville, North Carolina 28815, USA
| | - Monica F. Enamorado
- W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Daniel L. Comins
- W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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92
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Synthesis of d-labeled and unlabeled benzoyloxysuccinimides and application to quantitative analysis of peptides and a protein by isotope differential mass spectrometry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4629-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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93
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Xue X, Wang C, Wang Z, Huang L. Relative quantitation of glycans using stable isotopic labels 1-(d0/d5) phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone by mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2011; 418:1-9. [PMID: 21803021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A deuterium reagent, 1-(d5) phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (d5-PMP), has been synthesized and used for relative quantitative analysis of oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry (MS) using d0/d5-PMP stable isotopic labeling. Previously reported permethylation-based isotopic labels generate variable mass differences, and reductive amination-based isotopic labels cause a loss of some acid-labile groups in carbohydrates. In contrast, d0/d5-PMP stable isotopic labeling is performed at the reducing end of glycans under basic conditions without desialylation, and the mass difference (Δm=10 Da) between the heavy form (d5-PMP derivative) and light form (d0-PMP derivative) of each glycan is invariable. When the two derivative forms of a glycan are mixed in equimolar amounts, a pair of peaks with a 10-Da mass differences is observed in the MS profile. The difference at relative intensity between the d0- and d5-PMP derivatives reflects the difference in quantity of glycans in two samples, making it possible to carry out both qualitative and relative quantitative analyses of glycans in glycomic studies. Application of this method on DP(2) to DP(6) maltodextrin oligosaccharides and N-linked glycans released from ribonuclease B and bovine fetuin demonstrates a 10-fold relative quantitative dynamic range, a satisfying reproducibility (coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 8.34%), and good accuracy (relative error [RE] ≤ 5.1%) of the method. The suggested technique has been successfully applied for comparative quantitative analysis of free oligosaccharides in human and bovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Life Science College, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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94
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Zhang W, Wang H, Tang H, Yang P. Endoglycosidase-mediated incorporation of 18O into glycans for relative glycan quantitation. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4975-81. [PMID: 21591765 DOI: 10.1021/ac200753e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotopic labeling coupled with mass spectrometry analysis is a promising method of detecting quantitative variations in glycans, which may result in aberrant glycosylation in many disorders and diseases. Although various isotopic labeling methods have been used for relative glycan quantitation, enzymatic (18)O labeling, which offers advantages for glycomics similar to those by protease-catalyzed (18)O labeling for proteomics, has not been developed yet. In this study, endoglycosidase incorporated (18)O into the N-glycan reducing end in (18)O-water as N-glycans were released from glycoproteins, rendering glycan reducing-end (18)O labeling (GREOL) a potential strategy for relative glycan quantitation. This proposed method provided good linearity with high reproducibility within 2 orders of magnitude in dynamic range. The ability of GREOL to quantitatively discriminate between isomeric hybrid N-glycans and complex N-glycans in glycoproteins was validated due to the distinct substrate specificities of endoglycosidases. GREOL was also used to analyze changes in human serum N-glycans associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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95
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Harvey DJ. Derivatization of carbohydrates for analysis by chromatography; electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1196-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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96
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Xue Y, Bao L, Xiao X, Ding L, Lei J, Ju H. Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with lectin for label-free dynamic monitoring of cell-surface glycan expression. Anal Biochem 2011; 410:92-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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97
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Rakus JF, Mahal LK. New technologies for glycomic analysis: toward a systematic understanding of the glycome. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:367-392. [PMID: 21456971 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most difficult class of biological molecules to study by high-throughput methods owing to the chemical similarities between the constituent monosaccharide building blocks, template-less biosynthesis, and the lack of clearly identifiable consensus sequences for the glycan modification of cohorts of glycoproteins. These molecules are crucial for a wide variety of cellular processes ranging from cell-cell communication to immunity, and they are altered in disease states such as cancer and inflammation. Thus, there has been a dedicated effort to develop glycan analysis into a high-throughput analytical field termed glycomics. Herein we highlight major advances in applying separation, mass spectrometry, and microarray methods to the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics. These new analytical techniques are rapidly advancing our understanding of the importance of glycosylation in biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Rakus
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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98
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Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligo- and Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF POLYMERS – NEW TECHNIQUES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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99
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Tousi F, Hancock WS, Hincapie M. Technologies and strategies for glycoproteomics and glycomics and their application to clinical biomarker research. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:20-32. [PMID: 32938106 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several approaches and technologies are currently available to study the glycosylated proteome (glycoproteomics) or the entire repertoire of glycans in a biological system (glycomics). The biological importance of glycosylation has driven the development of novel, sensitive separation and detection methods. New and improved methodologies, such as high throughput array systems and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for glycan profiling and sequencing, are emerging and are being applied in clinical research. A major thrust of glycoproteomics and glycomic clinical research is the application of these analytical tools to cancer research and is aimed at the discovery of glycan-based biomarkers for diagnosis of early stage human cancers, monitoring disease progression, measuring response to therapy, and detecting recurrence. The identification of cancer biomarkers requires a multidisciplinary approach and therefore this review discusses the strategies, technologies and methods currently used for N-glycoprotein/glycanbiomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tousi
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - William S Hancock
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marina Hincapie
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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100
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Abstract
The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides expressed on animal cell surfaces and in extracellular matrices. Their biosynthesis is under complex control and confers a domain structure that is essential to their ability to bind to protein partners. Key to understanding the functions of GAGs are methods to determine accurately and rapidly patterns of sulfation, acetylation and uronic acid epimerization that correlate with protein binding or other biological activities. Mass spectrometry (MS) is particularly suitable for the analysis of GAGs for biomedical purposes. Using modern ionization techniques it is possible to accurately determine molecular weights of GAG oligosaccharides and their distributions within a mixture. Methods for direct interfacing with liquid chromatography have been developed to permit online mass spectrometric analysis of GAGs. New tandem mass spectrometric methods for fine structure determination of GAGs are emerging. This review summarizes MS-based approaches for analysis of GAGs, including tissue extraction and chromatographic methods compatible with LC/MS and tandem MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory O. Staples
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
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