51
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Simitzi C, Efstathopoulos P, Kourgiantaki A, Ranella A, Charalampopoulos I, Fotakis C, Athanassakis I, Stratakis E, Gravanis A. Laser fabricated discontinuous anisotropic microconical substrates as a new model scaffold to control the directionality of neuronal network outgrowth. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26210178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patterning of neuronal outgrowth in vitro is important in tissue engineering as well as for the development of neuronal interfaces with desirable characteristics. To date, this has been achieved with the aid of micro- and nanofabrication techniques giving rise to various anisotropic topographies, either in the form of continuous or discontinuous structures. In this study we propose a currently unexplored geometry of a 3D culture substrate for neuronal cell growth comprising discontinuous subcellular microstructures with anisotropic geometrical cross-section. Specifically, using laser precision 3D micro/nano fabrication techniques, silicon substrates comprising arrays of parallel oriented elliptical microcones (MCs) were fabricated to investigate whether a discontinuous geometry comprising anisotropic features at the subcellular level could influence the alignment of peripheral nervous system cell populations. It was shown that both Schwann cells and axons of sympathetic neurons were parallel oriented onto the MCs of elliptical shape, while they exhibited a random orientation onto the MCs of arbitrary shape. Notably, this topography-induced guidance effect was also observed in more complex cell culture systems, such as the organotypic culture whole dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants. Our results suggest that a discontinuous topographical pattern could promote Schwann cell and axonal alignment, provided that it hosts anisotropic geometrical features, even though the sizes of those range at the subcellular lengthscale. The laser-patterned arrays of MCs presented here could potentially be a useful platform for patterning neurons into artificial networks, allowing the study of neuronal cells interactions under 3D ex-vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simitzi
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - P Efstathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - A Kourgiantaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - A Ranella
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - I Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - C Fotakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Heraklion, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - I Athanassakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - E Stratakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Heraklion, Greece; Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - A Gravanis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Heraklion, Greece; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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52
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Carrier-Ruiz A, Evaristo-Mendonça F, Mendez-Otero R, Ribeiro-Resende VT. Biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells on poly-ε-caprolactone filaments and a strategy for tissue engineering of segments of the peripheral nerves. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:128. [PMID: 26149068 PMCID: PMC4522087 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peripheral nerves may fail to regenerate across tube implants because these lack the microarchitecture of native nerves. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) secrete soluble factors that improve the regeneration of the peripheral nerves. Also, microstructured poly-caprolactone (PCL) filaments are capable of inducing bands of Büngner and promote regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We describe here the interaction between PCL filaments and MSC, aiming to optimize PNS tubular implants. Methods MSC were plated on PCL filaments for 48 h and the adhesion profile, viability, proliferation and paracrine capacity were evaluated. Also, Schwann cells were plated on PCL filaments covered with MSC for 24 h to analyze the feasibility of the co-culture system. Moreover, E16 dorsal root ganglia were plated in contact with PCL filaments for 4 days to analyze neurite extension. Right sciatic nerves were exposed and a 10 mm nerve segment was removed. Distal and proximal stumps were reconnected inside a 14-mm polyethylene tube, leaving a gap of approximately 13 mm between the two stumps. Animals then received phosphate-buffered saline 1×, PCL filaments or PCL filaments previously incubated with MSC and, after 12 weeks, functional gait performance and histological analyses were made. Statistical analyses were made using Student’s unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. Results MSC were confined to lateral areas and ridges of PCL filaments, aligning along the longitudinal. MSC showed high viability (90 %), and their proliferation and secretion capabilities were not completely inhibited by the filaments. Schwann cells adhered to filaments plated with MSC, maintaining high viability (90 %). Neurites grew and extended over the surface of PCL filaments, reaching greater distances when over MSC-plated filaments. Axons showed more organized and myelinized fibers and reinnervated significantly more muscle fibers when they were previously implanted with MSC-covered PLC filaments. Moreover, animals with MSC-covered filaments showed increased functional recovery after 12 weeks. Conclusions We provide evidence for the interaction among MSC, Schwann cells and PCL filaments, and we also demonstrate that this system can constitute a stable and permissive support for regeneration of segments of the peripheral nerves. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0121-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrier-Ruiz
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. C, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. G Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - F Evaristo-Mendonça
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. C, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia - Numpex-Bio, Pólo de Xerém, Estrada de Xerém, N° 27, CEP: 25245-390, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
| | - R Mendez-Otero
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. G Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - V T Ribeiro-Resende
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. C, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia - Numpex-Bio, Pólo de Xerém, Estrada de Xerém, N° 27, CEP: 25245-390, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil. .,Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco C, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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53
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Low WC, Rujitanaroj PO, Lee DK, Kuang J, Messersmith PB, Chan JKY, Chew SY. Mussel-Inspired Modification of Nanofibers for REST siRNA Delivery: Understanding the Effects of Gene-Silencing and Substrate Topography on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Neuronal Commitment. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1457-68. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ching Low
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
| | - Pim-On Rujitanaroj
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University, Evanston; Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jinghao Kuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University, Evanston; Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University, Evanston; Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine; KK Women's and Children's Hospital; 100 Bukit Timah Road Singapore 229899
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 308232
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54
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Jiang P, Mao Z, Gao C. Combinational effect of matrix elasticity and alendronate density on differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2015; 19:76-84. [PMID: 25805109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by multivariate physical and chemical signals in a complicated microenvironment. In this study, polymerizable double bonds (GelMA) and osteo-inductive alendronate (Aln) (Aln-GelMA) were sequentially grafted onto gelatin molecules. The biocompatible hydrogels with defined stiffness in the range of 4-40 kPa were prepared by using polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as additional crosslinker. The Aln density was adjusted from 0 to 4 μM by controlling the ratio between the GelMA and Aln-GelMA. The combinational effects of stiffness and Aln density on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs were then studied in terms of ALP activity, collagen type I and osteocalcin expression, and calcium deposition. The results indicated that the stiffness and Aln density could synergistically improve the expression of all these osteogenesis markers. Their osteo-inductive effects are comparable to some extent, and high Aln density could be more effective than the stiffness.
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55
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Guo JH, Liu Y, Lv ZJ, Wei WJ, Guan X, Guan QL, Leng ZQ, Zhao JY, Miao H, Liu J. Potential Neurogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Electrospun Catalpol-Loaded Composite Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2597-608. [PMID: 25824369 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Catalpol, a natural active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, was verified exhibiting beneficial effects on neural differentiation compared with commonly used chemical inducers by our previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of catalpol-loaded scaffold on guiding neuronal differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs). Fabrication technique of catalpol loading into the electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds was successfully established. The topographical and mechanical properties of the nanofibers scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and tensile instrument, respectively. In vitro catalpol release was studied in phosphate-buffered solution at 37 °C. Immunnocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and western blot assays were performed to estimate hASCs neuronal differentiation, and it was shown that catalpol has significantly upregulated the expressions of βIII-tubulin and Nissl. Our experiments demonstrated that catalpol, as a traditional Chinese medicine extract, could be encapsulated into composite nanofibers and induce differentiation of hASCs into neural-like cells, which might offer new avenues in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Guo
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Jun Lv
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Wen-Juan Wei
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guan
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lin Guan
- Center Laboratory, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qian Leng
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yuan Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Miao
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
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56
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Tsai HL, Chiu WT, Fang CL, Hwang SM, Renshaw PF, Lai WFT. Different forms of tenascin-C with tenascin-R regulate neural differentiation in bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 20:1908-21. [PMID: 24829055 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently thought to transdifferentiate into neural lineages under specific microenvironments. Studies have reported that the tenascin family members, tenascin-C (TnC) and tenascin-R (TnR), regulate differentiation and migration, in addition to neurite outgrowth and survival in numerous types of neurons and mesenchymal progenitor cells. However, the mechanisms by which TnC and TnR affect neuronal differentiation are not well understood. In this study, we hypothesized that different forms of tenascin might regulate the neural transdifferentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Human MSCs were cultured in media incorporated with soluble tenascins, or on precoated tenascins. In a qualitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, adding a soluble TnC and TnR mixture to the medium significantly enhanced the expression of neuronal and glial markers, whereas no synaptic markers were expressed. Conversely, in groups of cells treated with coated TnC, hMSCs showed neurite outgrowth and synaptic marker expression. After being treated with coated TnR, hMSCs exhibited neuronal differentiation; however, it inhibited neurite outgrowth and synaptic marker expression. A combination of TnC and TnR significantly promoted hMSC differentiation in neurons or oligodendrocytes, induced neurite formation, and inhibited differentiation into astrocytes. Furthermore, the effect of the tenascin mixture showed dose-dependent effects, and a mixture ratio of 1:1 to 1:2 (TnC:TnR) provided the most obvious differentiation of neurons and oligodendrocytes. In a functional blocking study, integrin α7 and α9β1-blocking antibodies inhibited, respectively, 80% and 20% of mRNA expression by hMSCs in the coated tenascin mixture. In summary, the coated combination of TnC and TnR appeared to regulate neural differentiation signaling through integrin α7 and α9β1 in bone marrow-derived hMSCs. Our findings demonstrate novel mechanisms by which tenascin regulates neural differentiation, and enable the use of cell therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Li Tsai
- 1 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
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57
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Mashinchian O, Turner LA, Dalby MJ, Laurent S, Shokrgozar MA, Bonakdar S, Imani M, Mahmoudi M. Regulation of stem cell fate by nanomaterial substrates. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:829-47. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are increasingly studied because of their potential to underpin a range of novel therapies, including regenerative strategies, cell type-specific therapy and tissue repair, among others. Bionanomaterials can mimic the stem cell environment and modulate stem cell differentiation and proliferation. New advances in these fields are presented in this review. This work highlights the importance of topography and elasticity of the nano-/micro-environment, or niche, for the initiation and induction of stem cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14177–55469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lesley-Anne Turner
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic & Biomedical Chemistry, NMR & Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- CMMI – Center for Microscopy & Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, PO Box 13169–43551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), PO Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155–6451, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5101, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5101, USA
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58
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Characterization of Olfactory Ensheathing Glial Cells Cultured on Polyurethane/Polylactide Electrospun Nonwovens. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/908328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate novel biomaterials for neural regeneration. The investigated materials were composed of polyurethane (PU) and polylactide (PLDL) blended at three different w/w ratios, that is, 5/5, 6/4, and 8/2 of PU/PLDL. Ultrathin fibrous scaffolds were prepared using electrospinning. The scaffolds were investigated for their applicability for nerve regeneration by culturing rat olfactory ensheathing glial cells. Cells were cultured on the materials for seven days, during which cellular morphology, phenotype, and metabolic activity were analysed. SEM analysis of the fabricated fibrous scaffolds showed fibers of a diameter mainly lower than 600 μm with unimportant volume of protrusions situated along the fibers, with nonsignificant differences between all analysed materials. Cells cultured on the materials showed differences in their morphology and metabolic activity, depending on the blend composition. The most proper morphology, with numerous p75+and GFAP+cells present, was observed in the sample 6/4, whereas the highest metabolic activity was measured in the sample 5/5. However, none of the investigated samples showed cytotoxicity or negatively influenced cellular morphology. Therefore, the novel electrospun fibrous materials may be considered for regenerative medicine applications, and especially when contacting with highly sensitive nervous cells.
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Mohtaram NK, Ko J, Agbay A, Rattray D, Neill PO, Rajwani A, Vasandani R, Thu HL, Jun MBG, Willerth SM. Development of a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor-releasing artificial dura for neural tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7974-7985. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Develop a scaffold consisting of aligned, drug releasing nanofiber to serve as a replacement for damaged dura mater.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Mohtaram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - J. Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - A. Agbay
- Division of Medical Sciences
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - D. Rattray
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - P. O. Neill
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - A. Rajwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - R. Vasandani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - H. L. Thu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- International University-Vietnam National University
- Vietnam
| | - M. B. G. Jun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - S. M. Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences
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Mohtaram NK, Ko J, King C, Sun L, Muller N, Jun MBG, Willerth SM. Electrospun biomaterial scaffolds with varied topographies for neuronal differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2591-601. [PMID: 25524598 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of micro and nanoscale scaffold topography on promoting neuronal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and directing the resulting neuronal outgrowth in an organized manner. We used melt electrospinning to fabricate poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds with loop mesh and biaxial aligned microscale topographies. Biaxial aligned microscale scaffolds were further functionalized with retinoic acid releasing PCL nanofibers using solution electrospinning. These scaffolds were then seeded with neural progenitors derived from human iPSCs. We found that smaller diameter loop mesh scaffolds (43.7 ± 3.9 µm) induced higher expression of the neural markers Nestin and Pax6 compared to thicker diameter loop mesh scaffolds (85 ± 4 µm). The loop mesh and biaxial aligned scaffolds guided the neurite outgrowth of human iPSCs along the topographical features with the maximum neurite length of these cells being longer on the biaxial aligned scaffolds. Finally, our novel bimodal scaffolds also supported the neuronal differentiation of human iPSCs as they presented both physical and chemical cues to these cells, encouraging their differentiation. These results give insight into how physical and chemical cues can be used to engineer neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Khadem Mohtaram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Junghyuk Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Craig King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lin Sun
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Nathan Muller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Martin Byung-Guk Jun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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He C, Nie W, Feng W. Engineering of biomimetic nanofibrous matrices for drug delivery and tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7828-7848. [PMID: 32262073 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic nanofibers have emerged as promising candidates for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. In this paper, recent advances on the fabrication and application of biomimetic nanofibers as drug carriers and scaffolding materials are reviewed. First, we delineate the three popular nanofiber fabrication techniques including electrospinning, phase separation and molecular self-assembly, covering the principal materials used for different techniques and surface functionalization strategies for nanofibers. Furthermore, we focus our interest on the nanofiber-based delivery strategies and underlying kinetics for growth factors and other bioactive molecules, following which we summarize the recent advances in the development of these nanofibrous matrices for bone, vascular and neural tissue engineering applications. Finally, research challenges and future trends in the related areas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanglong He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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62
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Teo BKK, Tan GDS, Yim EKF. The synergistic effect of nanotopography and sustained dual release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic neurotrophic factors on human mesenchymal stem cell neuronal lineage commitment. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2151-61. [PMID: 24932660 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of nanotopography and controlled release is a potential platform for neuronal tissue engineering applications. Previous studies showed that combining both physical and chemical guidance was more effective than individual cues in the directional promotion of neurite outgrowth. Nanotopography can direct human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into neuronal lineage, while controlled release of neurotrophic factors can deliver temporally controlled biochemical signals. Hypothesizing that the synergistic effect will enhance neuronal lineage commitment of hMSCs, a fabrication method for multiple neurotrophic factors delivery from a single nanopatterned (350 nm gratings), poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) film was developed and evaluated. Our results showed a synergistic effect on hMSC differentiation cultured on substrates with both nanotopographical and biochemical cues. The protein/drug encapsulation into PCL nanopatterned films was first optimized using a hydrophilic model protein, bovine serum albumin. The hydrophobic retinoic acid (RA) molecule was directly incorporated into PCL films. To achieve sustained release, hydrophilic nerve growth factor (NGF) was first encapsulated within polyelectrolyte complexation fibers before they were embedded within the nanopatterned PCL film. Our results showed that nanotopography on the fabricated polymer films remained intact, while release of bioactive RA and NGF was sustained over a period of 3 weeks. Under the combinatorial effect of physical and biochemical cues, we observed an enhanced upregulation of neuronal genes such as microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilament light (NFL) as compared with sustained delivery of individual cues and bolus delivery. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that MAP2 and NFL gene upregulation in hMSCs was most pronounced on the nanogratings with sustained release of both RA and NGF. The fabricated platforms supported the sustained delivery of multiple neurotrophins, including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents, while providing surface patterning versatility for application in neural regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kim Kiat Teo
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Jin G, Prabhakaran MP, Ramakrishna S. Photosensitive and biomimetic core-shell nanofibrous scaffolds as wound dressing. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:673-81. [PMID: 24417712 DOI: 10.1111/php.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered skin grafts that mimic the native extracellular matrix of skin has gained huge popularity among clinicians since they increase the survival rate of the patients. Phototherapy shows promising results with respect to acute and chronic pain relief, treatment of inflammatory conditions and promotion of wound healing. Here, we encapsulated a photosensitive polymer poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and epidermal growth factor in the core-shell-structured Gelatin/poly(L-lactic acid)-co-poly-(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers [Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs)] by coaxial spinning and studied the potential application of the Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) nanofibrous scaffold as a novel skin graft. The proliferation of fibroblasts was significantly improved on Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) under light stimulation compared to fibroblasts on the same scaffold under dark condition. Studies on the in vitro wound healing ability of Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) showed complete closure of wound after 9 days under "light stimulation" too. Furthermore, the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate to epidermal cells on Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) was evaluated. The differentiated ASCs with keratinocytes morphology were only found on the light stimulated Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs). Our results suggest that the photosensitive core-shell Gel/PLLCL/P3GF(cs) nanofibers could be a novel substrate to aid in the reestablishment of skin architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Kador KE, Goldberg JL. Scaffolds and stem cells: delivery of cell transplants for retinal degenerations. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 7:459-470. [PMID: 23585772 DOI: 10.1586/eop.12.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerations and optic neuropathies often lead to death of photoreceptors or retinal ganglion cells, respectively. Stem cell therapies are showing promise for these diseases in preclinical models and are beginning to transition into human trials, but cell delivery and integration remain major challenges. Focusing on photoreceptor- and progenitor-directed approaches, in this article, the authors review how advances in tissue engineering and cell scaffold design are enhancing cell therapies for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl E Kador
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, BRB 826, FL 33136, USA
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Tejeda-Montes E, Smith KH, Rebollo E, Gómez R, Alonso M, Rodriguez-Cabello JC, Engel E, Mata A. Bioactive membranes for bone regeneration applications: effect of physical and biomolecular signals on mesenchymal stem cell behavior. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:134-41. [PMID: 24035887 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the in vitro characterization of bioactive elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) membranes for bone regeneration applications. Four bioactive ELRs exhibiting epitopes designed to promote mesenchymal stem cell adhesion (RGDS), endothelial cell adhesion (REDV), mineralization (HAP), and both cell adhesion and mineralization (HAP-RGDS) were synthesized using standard recombinant protein techniques. The materials were then used to fabricate ELR membranes incorporating a variety of topographical micropatterns including channels, holes and posts. Primary rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were cultured on the different membranes and the effects of biomolecular and physical signals on cell adhesion, morphology, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated. All results were analyzed using a custom-made MATLAB program for high throughput image analysis. Effects on cell morphology were mostly dependent on surface topography, while cell proliferation and cell differentiation were largely dependent on the biomolecular signaling from the ELR membranes. In particular, osteogenic differentiation (evaluated by staining for the osteoblastic marker osterix) was significantly enhanced on cells cultured on HAP membranes. Remarkably, cells growing on membranes containing the HAP sequence in non-osteogenic differentiation media exhibited significant up-regulation of the osteogenic marker as early as day 5, while those growing on fibronectin-coated glass in osteogenic differentiation media did not. These results are part of our ongoing effort to develop an optimized molecularly designed periosteal graft.
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Chen WS, Hsieh PH, Yang WN, Fan-Jen PZ, Yang ML, Yeh JM, Wei Y, Chin TY, Chen-Yang YW. Chemically modified electrospun silica nanofibers for promoting growth and differentiation of neural stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1205-1215. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Simitzi C, Stratakis E, Fotakis C, Athanassakis I, Ranella A. Microconical silicon structures influence NGF-induced PC12 cell morphology. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:424-34. [PMID: 24497489 DOI: 10.1002/term.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Micro-and nanofabrication techniques provide the opportunity to develop new types of cell culture platform, where the effect of various topographical cues on cellular functions such as proliferation and differentiation can be studied. In this study, PC12 cells were cultured on patterned silicon (Si) surfaces comprising arrays of microcones (MCs) exhibiting different geometrical characteristics and surface chemistries. It was illustrated that, in the absence of nerve growth factor (NGF), PC12 cells increased proliferation on all types of patterned surface, as compared to flat Si surfaces. However, in the presence of NGF, PC12 cells showed different responses, depending on the plating surface. Unlike low and intermediate rough MC surfaces, highly rough ones exhibiting large distances between MCs did not support PC12 cell differentiation, independently of the MCs' chemical coatings. These results suggest that the geometrical characteristics of MCs alone can influence specific cellular functions. Tailoring of the physical properties of arrays of Si MCs in order to identify which combinations of MC topologies and spatially defined chemistries are capable of driving specific cellular responses is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simitzi
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Eslahi N, Hadjighassem MR, Joghataei MT, Mirzapour T, Bakhtiyari M, Shakeri M, Pirhajati V, Shirinbayan P, Koruji M. The effects of poly L-lactic acid nanofiber scaffold on mouse spermatogonial stem cell culture. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4563-76. [PMID: 24348035 PMCID: PMC3848747 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s45535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A 3D-nanofiber scaffold acts in a similar way to the extracellular matrix (ECM)/basement membrane that enhances the proliferation and self-renewal of stem cells. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofiber scaffold on frozen-thawed neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and testis tissues. METHODS The isolated spermatogonial cells were divided into six culture groups: (1) fresh spermatogonial cells, (2) fresh spermatogonial cells seeded onto PLLA, (3) frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells, (4) frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells seeded onto PLLA, (5) spermatogonial cells obtained from frozen-thawed testis tissue, and (6) spermatogonial cells obtained from frozen-thawed testis tissue seeded onto PLLA. Spermatogonial cells and testis fragments were cryopreserved and cultured for 3 weeks. Cluster assay was performed during the culture. The presence of spermatogonial cells in the culture was determined by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for spermatogonial markers (Oct4, GFRα-1, PLZF, Mvh(VASA), Itgα6, and Itgβ1), as well as the ultrastructural study of cell clusters and SSCs transplantation to a recipient azoospermic mouse. The significance of the data was analyzed using the repeated measures and analysis of variance. RESULTS The findings indicated that the spermatogonial cells seeded on PLLA significantly increased in vitro spermatogonial cell cluster formations in comparison with the control groups (culture of SSCs not seeded on PLLA) (P≤0.001). The viability rate for the frozen cells after thawing was 63.00% ± 3.56%. This number decreased significantly (40.00% ± 0.82%) in spermatogonial cells obtained from the frozen-thawed testis tissue. Both groups, however, showed in vitro cluster formation. Although the expression of spermatogonial markers was maintained after 3 weeks of culture, there was a significant downregulation for some spermatogonial genes in the experimental groups compared with those of the control groups. Furthermore, transplantation assay and transmission electron microscopy studies suggested the presence of SSCs among the cultured cells. CONCLUSION Although PLLA can increase the in vitro cluster formation of neonate fresh and frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells, it may also cause them to differentiate during cultivation. The study therefore has implications for SSCs proliferation and germ cell differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Eslahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Hadjighassem
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Neurosciences, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Mirzapour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiyari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malak Shakeri
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Pirhajati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peymaneh Shirinbayan
- Pediatric Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jin G, Prabhakaran MP, Kai D, Ramakrishna S. Controlled release of multiple epidermal induction factors through core–shell nanofibers for skin regeneration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:689-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Leong MF, Chan WY, Chian KS. Cryogenic electrospinning: proposed mechanism, process parameters and its use in engineering of bilayered tissue structures. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:555-66. [PMID: 23560407 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional electrospun scaffolds have very small pores, thus limiting cellular infiltration, tissue ingrowth and vascularization in tissue engineering applications. The cryogenic electrospinning process overcame the small pore size constraints found in conventional electrospun scaffolds. AIM The aim of this paper is to propose a mechanism for cryogenic electrospinning and how scaffold pore size can be controlled. MATERIALS & METHODS We studied the roles of ice crystals in controlling the pore size of cryogenic electrospun scaffolds (CES). Based on this understanding, we have successfully fabricated a bilayered scaffold with distinctly different pore sizes. RESULTS Our study showed that CES pore size was dependent on the structure of the frost layer formed and hence the factors affecting ice deposition. The bilayered scaffold was able to support the coculture of human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. CONCLUSION The larger pores of CES add versatility to the use of electrospun scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fatt Leong
- Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, 138669, Singapore
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71
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Mammadov B, Sever M, Guler MO, Tekinay AB. Neural differentiation on synthetic scaffold materials. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1119-1137. [PMID: 32481935 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of stem cells to differentiate into a variety of subgroups of neural cells makes stem cell differentiation and transplantation a promising candidate for neurodegenerative disorder therapies. However, selective differentiation of stem cells to neurons while preventing glial scar formation is a complex process. Mimicking the natural environment of neural tissue is pivotal, thus various synthetic materials have been developed for this purpose. The synthetic scaffolds can direct stem cells into a neural lineage by including extracellular factors that act on cell fate, which are mainly soluble signals, extracellular matrix proteins and physical factors (e.g. elasticity and topography). This article reviews synthetic materials developed for neural regeneration in terms of their extracellular matrix mimicking properties. Functionalization of synthetic materials by addition of bioactive chemical groups and adjustment of physical properties such as topography, electroactivity and elasticity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Mammadov
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey 06800.
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72
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Kane RJ, Ma PX. Biomimetic Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118810408.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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73
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McClure MJ, Garg K, Simpson DG, Ryan JJ, Sell SA, Bowlin GL, Ericksen JJ. The influence of platelet-rich plasma on myogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E239-49. [PMID: 23868863 DOI: 10.1002/term.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to expand and direct both precursor and stem cells towards a differential fate is considered extremely advantageous in tissue engineering. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) possesses a milieu of growth factors and cytokines, which have the potential to have either a differentiative or proliferative influence on the cell type tested. Here, we investigated the effect of PRP on C2C12 myoblasts. A range of PRP concentrations in differentiation media was used to determine whether a concentration dependence existed, while PRP embedded in fibres of aligned electrospun polydioxanone and polycaprolactone was used to determine whether this presence of fibres would cause any differences in response. In both cases, it was found that late myogenic markers were suppressed after 7 days in culture. However, an early differentiation marker, MyoD, was upregulated during this same time period. The results from this study represent the ability of PRP to have an influence over both myogenic proliferation and differentiation, a factor which could prove useful in future studies involved with skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David G Simpson
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeffery J Ericksen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Portalska KJ, Groen N, Krenning G, Georgi N, Mentink A, Harmsen MC, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. The effect of donor variation and senescence on endothelial differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2318-29. [PMID: 23676150 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of autologous cells is considered for a broad range of regenerative therapies because it is not surrounded by the immunological and ethical issues of allo- or xenogenic cells. However, isolation, expansion, and application of autologous cells do suffer from variability in therapeutic efficacy due to donor to donor differences and due to prolonged culture. One important source of autologous cells is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which can differentiate toward endothelial-like cells, thus making them an ideal candidate as cell source for tissue vascularization. Here we screened MSCs from 20 donors for their endothelial differentiation capacity and correlated it with the gene expression profile of the whole genome in the undifferentiated state. Cells of all donors were able to form tubes on Matrigel and induced the expression of endothelial genes, although with quantitative differences. In addition, we analyzed the effect of prolonged in vitro expansion on the multipotency of human MSCs and found that endothelial differentiation is only mildly sensitive to expansion-induced loss of differentiation as compared to osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Our results show the robustness of the endothelial differentiation protocol and the gene expression data give insight in the differences in endothelial differentiation between donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Janeczek Portalska
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
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Alamein MA, Stephens S, Liu Q, Skabo S, Warnke PH. Mass Production of Nanofibrous Extracellular Matrix with Controlled 3D Morphology for Large-Scale Soft Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:458-72. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Alamein
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Stem Cells and Tissue Regenerative Therapies, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Sebastien Stephens
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Stem Cells and Tissue Regenerative Therapies, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Qin Liu
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Stem Cells and Tissue Regenerative Therapies, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Stuart Skabo
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Stem Cells and Tissue Regenerative Therapies, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Patrick H. Warnke
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Stem Cells and Tissue Regenerative Therapies, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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76
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Portalska KJ, Chamberlain MD, Lo C, van Blitterswijk C, Sefton MV, de Boer J. Collagen modules forin situdelivery of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived endothelial cells for improved angiogenesis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:363-73. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Janeczek Portalska
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - M. Dean Chamberlain
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Chuen Lo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Michael V Sefton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Jan de Boer
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
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77
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Chen MC, Sun YC, Chen YH. Electrically conductive nanofibers with highly oriented structures and their potential application in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5562-72. [PMID: 23099301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent trends in scaffold design have focused on materials that can provide appropriate guidance cues for particular cell types to modulate cell behavior. In this study highly aligned and electrically conductive nanofibers that can simultaneously provide topographical and electrical cues for cells were developed. Thereafter their potential to serve as functional scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering was investigated. Well-ordered nanofibers, composed of polyaniline (PANi) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), were electrospun by introducing an external magnetic field in the collector region. Incorporation of PANi into PCL fibers significantly increased the electrical conductivity from a non-detectable level for the pure PCL fibers to 63.6±6.6mS cm(-1) for the fibers containing 3wt.% PANi (PCL/PANi-3). To investigate the synergistic effects of topographical and electrical cues using the electrospun scaffolds on skeletal myoblast differentiation, mouse C2C12 myoblasts were cultured on random PCL (R-PCL), aligned PCL (A-PCL), random PCL/PANi-3 (R-PCL/PANi) and aligned PCL/PANi-3 (A-PCL/PANi) nanofibers. Our results showed that the aligned nanofibers (A-PCL and A-PCL/PANi) could guide myoblast orientation and promote myotube formation (i.e. approximately 40% and 80% increases in myotube numbers) compared with R-PCL scaffolds. In addition, electrically conductive A-PCL/PANi nanofibers further enhanced myotube maturation (i.e. approximately 30% and 23% or 15% and 18% increases in the fusion and maturation indices) compared with non-conductive A-PCL scaffolds or R-PCL/PANi. These results demonstrated that a combined effect of both guidance cues was more effective than an individual cue, suggesting a potential use of A-PCL/PANi nanofibers for skeletal muscle regeneration.
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78
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Low WC, Rujitanaroj PO, Lee DK, Messersmith PB, Stanton LW, Goh E, Chew SY. Nanofibrous scaffold-mediated REST knockdown to enhance neuronal differentiation of stem cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3581-90. [PMID: 23415645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, the recovery prospect for patients with chronic neurodegenerative diseases or acute trauma in the central nervous system is sub-optimal. The controlled differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) to functional neurons is a possible treatment strategy. In contrast to the classical approach of biochemicals supplementation for guided stem cell commitment, this study explores the feasibility of directing neuronal differentiation through synergistic integration of three-dimensional nanofibrous topographical cues and scaffold-mediated knockdown of RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) in mouse NPCs. Taking advantage of the strong adhesive property and latent reactivity of mussel-inspired polydopamine (PD) coating, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were successfully functionalized with REST siRNAs (denoted as siREST PD-fiber). Sustained REST knockdown in NPCs was achieved for up to five days in vitro and the silencing efficiency was significantly higher than that mediated through siRNA adsorption onto non-PD coated sample controls. The silencing of REST, together with nanofiber topographical effect, significantly enhanced NPC neuronal commitment (57.5% Map2(+) cells in siREST PD-fiber vs. 43.5% in siREST PD-film vs. 50% in PD-fiber controls, p < 0.05) while reducing astrocytic and oligodendrocytic differentiation (10.7% O4(+) cells vs. ∼30% in siREST PD-film, p < 0.01). Taken together, the synergistic effects of scaffold-mediated REST knockdown and topographical cues from PD-modified nanofibers may be a useful strategy for generating functional neurons for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ching Low
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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79
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Higuchi A, Ling QD, Chang Y, Hsu ST, Umezawa A. Physical Cues of Biomaterials Guide Stem Cell Differentiation Fate. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3297-328. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300426x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei 221, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei 221, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Biology
and Bioinformatics, National Central University, No. 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung-Bei Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77 Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Tao-Yuan
County 32405, Taiwan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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80
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Nanofiber-mediated release of retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for enhanced neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2013; 5:89-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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81
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Mohtaram NK, Montgomery A, Willerth SM. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the controlled release of neurotrophic factors. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:022001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/2/022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Subramony SD, Dargis BR, Castillo M, Azeloglu EU, Tracey MS, Su A, Lu HH. The guidance of stem cell differentiation by substrate alignment and mechanical stimulation. Biomaterials 2012; 34:1942-53. [PMID: 23245926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a promising and clinically relevant cell source for tissue engineering applications. As such, guiding MSCs toward specific lineages and maintaining these phenotypes have been particularly challenging as the contributions of mechanical, chemical and structural cues to the complex differentiation process are largely unknown. To fully harness the potential of MSCs for regenerative medicine, a systematic investigation into the individual and combined effects of these stimuli is needed. In addition, unlike chemical stimulation, for which temporal and concentration gradients are difficult to control, mechanical stimulation and scaffold-based cues may be relatively more biomimetic and can be applied with greater control to ensure fidelity in MSC differentiation. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of nanofiber matrix alignment and mechanical stimulation on MSC differentiation, focusing on elucidating the relative contribution of each parameter in guided regeneration of functional connective tissues. It is observed that nanofiber alignment directs MSC response to physiological loading and that fibroblastic differentiation requires a combination of physiologically-relevant cell-material interactions in conjunction with mechanical stimulation. Importantly, the results of this study reveal that systemic and readily controllable cues, such as scaffold alignment and optimized mechanical stimulation, are sufficient to drive MSC differentiation, without the need for additional chemical stimuli. Moreover, these findings yield a set of fundamental design rules that can be readily applied to connective tissue regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth D Subramony
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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83
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Bercu MM, Arien-Zakay H, Stoler D, Lecht S, Lelkes PI, Samuel S, Or R, Nagler A, Lazarovici P, Elchalal U. Enhanced survival and neurite network formation of human umbilical cord blood neuronal progenitors in three-dimensional collagen constructs. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 51:249-61. [PMID: 23233347 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (CB) stem cells have been proposed for cell-based therapeutic applications for diverse diseases of the CNS. We hypothesized that tissue-engineering strategies may extend the efficacy of these approaches by improving the long-term viability and function of stem cell-derived neuronal progenitors. To test our hypothesis, we explored the survival and differentiation of human CB-derived neuronal progenitors (HUCBNP) in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen construct. In contrast to two-dimensional culture conditions, the cells survived in 3D for an extended period of time of more than 2 months. Under 3D conditions, HUCBNP underwent spontaneous neuronal differentiation, which was further enhanced by treatment with neuronal conditioned medium (CM) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Neurite outgrowth, quantified by assessing the fractal dimension (D f) of the complex neuronal networks, was significantly enhanced under 3D conditions in the presence of CM/NGF, concomitant with a reduced expression of the early neuronal marker nestin (1.9-fold), and increased levels of mature neuronal markers such as MAP-2 (3.6-fold), β-tubulin (1.5-fold), and neuronal specific enolase (6.6-fold) and the appearance of the synaptic marker synaptophysin. To assess the feasibility for clinical usage, HUCBNP were also isolated from frozen CB samples and cultured under 3D conditions. The data indicate the essential complete preservation of neurotrophic (survival) and neurotropic (neurite outgrowth) properties. In conclusion, 3D culture conditions are proposed as an essential step for both maintenance of CB neuronal progenitors in vitro and for investigating specific features of neuronal differentiation towards future use in regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian M Bercu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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Kai D, Jin G, Prabhakaran MP, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun synthetic and natural nanofibers for regenerative medicine and stem cells. Biotechnol J 2012; 8:59-72. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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85
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Leung L. Cellular therapies for treating pain associated with spinal cord injury. J Transl Med 2012; 10:37. [PMID: 22394650 PMCID: PMC3320547 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to immense disability and loss of quality of life in human with no satisfactory clinical cure. Cell-based or cell-related therapies have emerged as promising therapeutic potentials both in regeneration of spinal cord and mitigation of neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury. This article reviews the various options and their latest developments with an update on their therapeutic potentials and clinical trialing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Leung
- Centre of Neurosciences Study, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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