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Perveen S, Sharma R. Screening approaches and therapeutic targets: The two driving wheels of tuberculosis drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114906. [PMID: 34990594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, infecting a quarter of world's population. Drug resistant TB further exacerbates the grim scenario of the drying TB drug discovery pipeline. The limited arsenal to fight TB presses the need for thorough efforts for identifying promising hits to combat the disease. The review highlights the efforts in the field of tuberculosis drug discovery, with an emphasis on massive drug screening campaigns for identifying novel hits against Mtb in both industry and academia. As an intracellular pathogen, mycobacteria reside in a complicated intracellular environment with multiple factors at play. Here, we outline various strategies employed in an effort to mimic the intracellular milieu for bringing the screening models closer to the actual settings. The review also focuses on the novel targets and pathways that could aid in target-based drug discovery in TB. The recent high throughput screening efforts resulting in the identification of potent hits against Mtb has been summarized in this article. There is a pressing need for effective screening strategies and approaches employing innovative tools and recent technologies; including nanotechnology, gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-cas system, host-directed bacterial killing and high content screening to augment the TB drug discovery pipeline with safer and shorter drug regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Sarkar K, Kumar M, Jha A, Bharti K, Das M, Mishra B. Nanocarriers for tuberculosis therapy: Design of safe and effective drug delivery strategies to overcome the therapeutic challenges. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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53
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Wang A, Xu S, Chai Y, Xia G, Wang B, Lv K, Wang D, Qin X, Jiang B, Wu W, Liu M, Lu Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of nitrofuran-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids as new antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116529. [PMID: 34861474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three series of novel nitrofuran-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids were designed and synthesized as new anti-TB agents. The structure activity relationship study indicated that the linkers and the substituents on the oxadiazole moiety greatly influence the activity, and the substituted benzenes are more favoured than the cycloalkyl or heterocyclic groups. Besides, the optimal compound in series 2 was active against both MTB H37Rv strain and MDR-MTB 16883 clinical isolate and also displayed low cytotoxicity, low inhibition of hERG and good oral PK, indicating its promising potential to be a lead for further structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yun Chai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital College of Pharmacy, Medical University, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital College of Pharmacy, Medical University, Beijing 100149, China.
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Gokhale KM, Iyer AM. Deployment of iron uptake machineries as targets against drug resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:353-363. [PMID: 36537405 PMCID: PMC9846915 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_667_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) requires a perpetual supply of iron for its sustenance. Iron scarcity and its limited availability in the host environment because of an encounter of various sites during the establishment of infection has led to the evolution of strategies for iron uptake, which includes biosynthesis of iron-chelating molecules called siderophores, Heme uptake pathways, recently discovered host iron transport protein receptors like glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the development of machinery for proper storage of the acquired iron and its regulation. The components of the iron uptake machineries are viable targets in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, some of which include the MmpL3 heme transfer protein, MbtA enzyme, and the ESX-3 system, while employment of approaches like the synthesis of siderophore drug conjugates, heme analogs, xenosiderophores as drug delivery agents, and the blockade of siderophore recycling are encouraged too. Thus, the mentioned discoveries stand as promising targets against various strains of MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Mohan Gokhale
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr L H Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Kunal Mohan Gokhale, Dr L H Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, CHM Campus, Opp UNR Railway Station, Maharashtra - 421003, India. E-mail:
| | - Aditya Manivannan Iyer
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr L H Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra, India
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55
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Fernando DM, Gee CT, Griffith EC, Meyer CJ, Wilt LA, Tangallapally R, Wallace MJ, Miller DJ, Lee RE. Biophysical analysis of the Mycobacteria tuberculosis peptide binding protein DppA reveals a stringent peptide binding pocket. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 132:102157. [PMID: 34894561 PMCID: PMC8818035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The peptide binding protein DppA is an ABC transporter found in prokaryotes that has the potential to be used as drug delivery tool for hybrid antibiotic compounds. Understanding the motifs and structures that bind to DppA is critical to the development of these bivalent compounds. This study focused on the biophysical analysis of the MtDppA from M. tuberculosis. Analysis of the crystal structure revealed a SVA tripeptide was co-crystallized with the protein. Further peptide analysis demonstrated MtDppA shows very little affinity for dipeptides but rather preferentially binds to peptides that are 3-4 amino acids in length. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) between MtDppA and tripeptides with varied amino acid substitutions were evaluated using thermal shift, SPR, and molecular dynamics simulations. Efforts to identify novel ligands for use as alternative scaffolds through the thermal shift screening of 35,000 compounds against MtDppA were unsuccessful, indicating that the MtDppA binding pocket is highly specialized for uptake of peptides. Future development of compounds that seek to utilize MtDppA as a drug delivery mechanism, will likely require a tri- or tetrapeptide component with a hydrophobic -non-acidic peptide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh M. Fernando
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Clifford T. Gee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Elizabeth C. Griffith
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Christopher J. Meyer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Laura A. Wilt
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Rajendra Tangallapally
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Miranda J. Wallace
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Darcie J. Miller
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105,Corresponding Author:
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Oliveira MEFAG, Silva YJA, Azevedo LA, Linhares LA, Montenegro LML, Alves S, Amorim RVS. Antimycobacterial compound of chitosan and ethambutol: ultrastructural biological evaluation in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9167-9179. [PMID: 34841463 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a promising biopolymer and has been tested as a complement to the action and compensation of toxicity presented by anti-tuberculosis drugs. The present work studied the adjuvant effect of CS with the drug ethambutol (EMB) as a compound (CS-EMB), to explore its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to examine ultracellular changes that represent possible antimycobacterial action of CS on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Antimycobacterial activities were tested against reference strains Mtb ATCC® H37Rv and multidrug resistant (MDR). In vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed on Raw 264.7. For the studied compounds, morphological, ultrastructural, and physical-chemical analyses were performed. Drug-polymer interactions that occur through the H bridges were confirmed by physical-chemical analyses. The CS-EMB compound is stable at pHs of 6.5-7.5, allowing its release at physiological pH. The antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the CS-EMB compound was 50% greater than that of the EMB in the H37Rv and MDR strains and the ultrastructural changes in the bacilli observed by TEM proved that the CS-EMB compound has a bactericidal action, allowing it to break down the Mtb cell wall. The cytotoxicity of CS-EMB was higher than that of isolated EMB, IC50 279, and 176 μg/mL, respectively. It is concluded that CS-EMB forms a promising composite against strains Mtb H37Rv and multidrug resistant (MDR-TB).Key points• Our study will be the first to observe ultrastructurally the effects of the CS-EMB compound on Mtb cells.• CS-EMB antimicrobial activity in a multidrug-resistant clinical strain.• The CS-EMB compound has promising potential for the development of a new drug to fight tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E F A G Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Y J A Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - L A Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - L A Linhares
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM/FIOCRUZ), 50740-465, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - L M L Montenegro
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM/FIOCRUZ), 50740-465, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - S Alves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental (dQF), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - R V S Amorim
- Departamento de Histologia E Embriologia (DHE-CB), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
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Mi J, Liang Y, Liang J, Gong W, Wang S, Zhang J, Li Z, Wu X. The Research Progress in Immunotherapy of Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:763591. [PMID: 34869066 PMCID: PMC8634162 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.763591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem worldwide. The combination of various anti-TB drugs is mainly used to treat TB in clinical practice. Despite the availability of effective antibiotics, effective treatment regimens still require long-term use of multiple drugs, leading to toxicity, low patient compliance, and the development of drug resistance. It has been confirmed that immune recognition, immune response, and immune regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) determine the occurrence, development, and outcome of diseases after Mtb infection. The research and development of TB-specific immunotherapy agents can effectively regulate the anti-TB immune response and provide a new approach toward the combined treatment of TB, thereby preventing and intervening in populations at high risk of TB infection. These immunotherapy agents will promote satisfactory progress in anti-TB treatment, achieving the goal of "ultra-short course chemotherapy." This review highlights the research progress in immunotherapy of TB, including immunoreactive substances, tuberculosis therapeutic vaccines, chemical agents, and cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Telacebec (Q203), a New Antituberculosis Agent, in Healthy Subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0143621. [PMID: 34694872 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01436-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telacebec (Q203) is a potent drug candidate under clinical development for the treatment of drug-naïve and drug-resistant tuberculosis. The first-in-human randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation Phase 1A trial (Q203-TB-PI-US001) was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of telacebec. A total of 56 normal, healthy, male and female subjects (42 active and 14 placebo) were enrolled in the study. The doses of telacebec were 10 mg (Cohort 1), 30 mg (Cohort 2), 50 mg (Cohort 3), 100 mg (Cohort 4), 200 mg (Cohort 5), 400 mg (Cohort 6), and 800 mg (Cohort 7) in a fasted state. Subjects participating in Cohort 4 were also enrolled in Cohort 8 to investigate the food effect on the pharmacokinetics of telacebec after a high-fat meal. In all subjects dosed with telacebec (10 - 800 mg), telacebec was well tolerated and did not lead to any significant or serious adverse events. Following a single oral administration of telacebec (10 - 800 mg), telacebec plasma concentration reached the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) in average 2.0 - 3.5 h and showed multi-exponential decline thereafter. The area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve (AUC) was approximately dose-proportional. A significant increase in plasma concentrations was observed in the fed condition compared with the fasted condition with the geometric mean ratio of 3.93 for Cmax. Moderate delay in Tmax (4.5 h) was also observed in the fed condition. These results, combined with the demonstrated activity against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, support further investigation of telacebec for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Computational Drug Repurposing for Antituberculosis Therapy: Discovery of Multi-Strain Inhibitors. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10081005. [PMID: 34439055 PMCID: PMC8388932 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the most afflicting infectious disease known by humankind, with one quarter of the population estimated to have it in the latent state. Discovering antituberculosis drugs is a challenging, complex, expensive, and time-consuming task. To overcome the substantial costs and accelerate drug discovery and development, drug repurposing has emerged as an attractive alternative to find new applications for “old” drugs and where computational approaches play an essential role by filtering the chemical space. This work reports the first multi-condition model based on quantitative structure–activity relationships and an ensemble of neural networks (mtc-QSAR-EL) for the virtual screening of potential antituberculosis agents able to act as multi-strain inhibitors. The mtc-QSAR-EL model exhibited an accuracy higher than 85%. A physicochemical and fragment-based structural interpretation of this model was provided, and a large dataset of agency-regulated chemicals was virtually screened, with the mtc-QSAR-EL model identifying already proven antituberculosis drugs while proposing chemicals with great potential to be experimentally repurposed as antituberculosis (multi-strain inhibitors) agents. Some of the most promising molecules identified by the mtc-QSAR-EL model as antituberculosis agents were also confirmed by another computational approach, supporting the capabilities of the mtc-QSAR-EL model as an efficient tool for computational drug repurposing.
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Kumar A, Karkara BB, Panda G. Novel candidates in the clinical development pipeline for TB drug development and their Synthetic Approaches. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:787-827. [PMID: 34397161 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Mtb has the ability to become dormant within the host and to develop resistance. Hence, new antitubercular agents are required to overcome problems in the treatment of multidrug resistant-Tb (MDR-Tb) and extensively drug resistant-Tb (XDR-Tb) along with shortening the treatment time. Several efforts are being made to develop very effective new drugs for Tb, within the pharmaceutical industry, the academia, and through public private partnerships. This review will address the anti-tubercular activities, biological target, mode of action, synthetic approaches and thoughtful concept for the development of several new drugs currently in the clinical trial pipeline (up to October 2019) for tuberculosis. The aim of this review may be very useful in scheming new chemical entities (NCEs) for Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
| | - Bidhu Bhusan Karkara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research University, Guntur, 522213, AP, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
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Nabi B, Rehman S, Aggarwal S, Baboota S, Ali J. Nano-based anti-tubercular drug delivery: an emerging paradigm for improved therapeutic intervention. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:1111-1121. [PMID: 32418158 PMCID: PMC7229880 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) classified as one of the most fatal contagious diseases is of prime concern globally. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent that ingresses within the host cells. The approved conventional regimen, though the only viable option available, is unfavorably impacting the quality of life of the affected individual. Despite newer antibiotics gaining light, there is an unending demand for more therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, substantial continuous endeavors are been undertaken to come up with novel strategies to curb the disease, the stepping stone being nanotechnology. This approach is instrumental in overcoming the anomalies associated with conventional therapy owing to their intriguing attributes and leads to optimization of the therapeutic effect to a certain extent. This review focusses on the different types of nanocarrier systems that are being currently explored by the researchers for the delivery of anti-tubercular drugs, the outcomes achieved by them, and their prospects. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Nabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Saleha Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of ECD, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Li J, Yang G, Cai Q, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang R, Lang Y, Cai X. Safety, efficacy, and serum concentration monitoring of bedaquiline in Chinese patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:179-186. [PMID: 34293490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and efficacy of bedaquiline for Chinese patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) based on serum concentration monitoring and to identify factors associated with QTc prolongation occurring during treatment. METHODS Data were collected from 35 patients who received treatment regimens containing bedaquiline for MDR-TB from May 2018 to December 2020. Blood samples were collected, and serum concentrations of bedaquiline were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS After completing the 24-week bedaquiline treatment course, 80.0% of the patients' sputum cultures turned negative. The median time to sputum culture conversion was 75.5 days (interquartile range 52-126 days). The mean serum concentration of bedaquiline was 0.586 ± 0.288 µg/ml during treatment and 0.205 ± 0.145 µg/ml at 16 weeks after bedaquiline discontinuation. Bedaquiline remained detectable 52 weeks after discontinuation. Combination with clofazimine during bedaquiline treatment significantly increased cardiac QTc prolongation. When QTc prolongation occurred, serum potassium levels decreased by 10.71% from baseline, while serum sodium levels increased by 1.07% from baseline. CONCLUSIONS Good treatment outcomes were obtained with bedaquiline treatment in Chinese patients with MDR-TB. Combination with clofazimine increased the risk of QTc prolongation. Serum electrolytes (potassium and sodium) should be measured regularly during treatment of MDR-TB with regimens containing bedaquiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Li
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Gaoyi Yang
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qingshan Cai
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ruoying Zhang
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Yazhen Lang
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Xinjun Cai
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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63
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Oxazolidinone Antibiotics: Chemical, Biological and Analytical Aspects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144280. [PMID: 34299555 PMCID: PMC8305375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the main aspects concerning the chemistry, the biological activity and the analytical determination of oxazolidinones, the only new class of synthetic antibiotics advanced in clinical use over the past 50 years. They are characterized by a chemical structure including the oxazolidone ring with the S configuration of substituent at C5, the acylaminomethyl group linked to C5 and the N-aryl substituent. The synthesis of oxazolidinones has gained increasing interest due to their unique mechanism of action that assures high antibiotic efficiency and low susceptibility to resistance mechanisms. Here, the main features of oxazolidinone antibiotics licensed or under development, such as Linezolid, Sutezolid, Eperezolid, Radezolid, Contezolid, Posizolid, Tedizolid, Delpazolid and TBI-223, are discussed. As they are protein synthesis inhibitors active against a wide spectrum of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, their biological activity is carefully analyzed, together with the drug delivery systems recently developed to overcome the poor oxazolidinone water solubility. Finally, the most employed analytical techniques for oxazolidinone determination in different matrices, such as biological fluids, tissues, drugs and natural waters, are reviewed. Most are based on HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) coupled with UV-Vis or mass spectrometer detectors, but, to a lesser extent are also based on spectrofluorimetry or voltammetry.
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Khetmalis YM, Shivani M, Murugesan S, Chandra Sekhar KVG. Oxindole and its derivatives: A review on recent progress in biological activities. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111842. [PMID: 34174506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxindole has been shown to be a pharmacologically advantageous scaffold having many biological properties that are relevant to medicinal chemistry. The simplicity and widespread occurrence of this scaffold in plant-based alkaloids have further reinforced oxindole's merit in the domain of novel drug discovery. First extracted from Uncaria tomentosa, commonly the known as cat claw's plant which was found abundantly in the Amazon rainforest, molecules with the oxindole moiety have been shown to be common in a wide variety of compounds extracted from plant sources. The role of oxindole as a chemical scaffold for fabricating and designing biological drugs agents can be ascribed to its ability to be modified by a number of chemical groups to generate novel biological functions. This review is aimed at providing a description of the general chemistry based on existing corresponding structure-activity relationships (SARs) and compile all recent developmentary studies on oxindole-derived compounds as a successful pharmaceutical agent. A substantial group of oxindole derivatives are chiefly being tested as anticancer agents, however, a several oxindole derivatives have been shown to possesses antimicrobial, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antiviral, antileishmanial, antitubercular, antioxidative, tyrosinase inhibitory, PAK4 inhibitory, antirheumatoid arthritis and intraocular pressure reducing activities, to name a few. In this review we show the potential value of developing newer oxindole derivatives with an improved range of pharmacological implications as well as identifying drugs possessing oxindole core, that are showing and serving increased efficacy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Mahadu Khetmalis
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Mithula Shivani
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 33303, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
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Chemical Classes Presenting Novel Antituberculosis Agents Currently in Different Phases of Drug Development: A 2010-2020 Review. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:ph14050461. [PMID: 34068171 PMCID: PMC8152995 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a curable airborne disease currently treated using a drug regimen consisting of four drugs. Global TB control has been a persistent challenge for many decades due to the emergence of drug-resistant Mtb strains. The duration and complexity of TB treatment are the main issues leading to treatment failures. Other challenges faced by currently deployed TB regimens include drug-drug interactions, miss-matched pharmacokinetics parameters of drugs in a regimen, and lack of activity against slow replicating sub-population. These challenges underpin the continuous search for novel TB drugs and treatment regimens. This review summarizes new TB drugs/drug candidates under development with emphasis on their chemical classes, biological targets, mode of resistance generation, and pharmacokinetic properties. As effective TB treatment requires a combination of drugs, the issue of drug-drug interaction is, therefore, of great concern; herein, we have compiled drug-drug interaction reports, as well as efficacy reports for drug combinations studies involving antitubercular agents in clinical development.
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Jadhav R, Gallardo-Macias R, Kumar G, Daher SS, Kaushik A, Bigelow KM, Nuermberger EL, Lamichhane G, Freundlich JS. Assessment of carbapenems in a mouse model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249841. [PMID: 33939697 PMCID: PMC8092647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present further study of a subset of carbapenems, arising from a previously reported machine learning approach, with regard to their mouse pharmacokinetic profiling and subsequent study in a mouse model of sub-acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Pharmacokinetic metrics for such small molecules were compared to those for meropenem and biapenem, resulting in the selection of two carbapenems to be assessed for their ability to reduce M. tuberculosis bacterial loads in the lungs of infected mice. The original syntheses of these two carbapenems were optimized to provide multigram quantities of each compound. One of the two experimental carbapenems, JSF-2204, exhibited efficacy equivalent to that of meropenem, while both were inferior to rifampin. The lessons learned in this study point toward the need to further enhance the pharmacokinetic profiles of experimental carbapenems to positively impact in vivo efficacy performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Gallardo-Macias
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Samer S. Daher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Amit Kaushik
- Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kristina M. Bigelow
- Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Eric L. Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSF); (GL); (ELN)
| | - Gyanu Lamichhane
- Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSF); (GL); (ELN)
| | - Joel S. Freundlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University—New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSF); (GL); (ELN)
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Joshi T, Pundir H, Chandra S. Deep-learning based repurposing of FDA-approved drugs against Candida albicans dihydrofolate reductase and molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8420-8436. [PMID: 33879017 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1911851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans causes the fatal fungal bloodstream infection in humans called Candidiasis. Most of the Candida species are resistant to the antifungals used to treat them. Drug-resistant C. albicans poses very serious public health issues. To overcome this, the development of effective drugs with novel mechanism(s) of action is requisite. Drug repurposing is considered a viable alternative approach to overcome the above issue. In the present study, we have attempted to identify drugs that could target the essential enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase of C. albicans (CaDHFR) to find out potent and selective antifungal antifolates. FDA-approved-drug-library from the Selleck database containing 1930 drugs was screened against CaDHFR using deep-learning, molecular docking, X-score and similarity search methods. The screened compounds showing better binding with CaDHFR were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The results of post-MDS analysis like RMSD, RMSF, RG, SASA, the number of hydrogen bonds and PCA suggest that Paritaprevir, Lumacaftor and Rifampin can make good interaction with CaDHFR. Furthermore, analysis of binding free energy corroborated the stability of interactions as they had binding energy of -114.91 kJ mol-1, -79.22 kJ mol-1 and -78.52 kJ mol-1 for Paritaprevir, Lumacaftor and Rifampin respectively as compared to the reference (-63.10 kJ mol-1). From the results, we conclude that these drugs have great potential to inhibit CaDHFR and would add to the drug discovery against candidiasis, and hence these drugs for repurposing should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Joshi
- Department of Botany, Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hemlata Pundir
- Department of Botany, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Department of Botany, Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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Deberu O, Nkrumah B, Sylverken AA, Sambian D, Acheampong G, Amuasi J, Stebleson A, Agboyie D, Yenbaree M, Mensah S, Dombadoh A, Owusu DO, Abdul-Karim A, Owusu M. Common bacteria in sputum or gastric lavage of patients presenting with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:383. [PMID: 34381527 PMCID: PMC8325465 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.383.26333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are infections involving the trachea, primary bronchi and lungs. People with LRTIs typically experience coughs as the primary symptoms; however, shortness of breath, weakness, fever and fatigue may be coupled with the cough. It is common among the aged, children under five and the immune-suppressed. Persons with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may have tuberculosis, other respiratory tract infection or co-infection of tuberculosis and other respiratory pathogens. This study aimed to identify the presence of pathogens in sputum of suspected tuberculosis cases and their antimicrobial resistance patterns. Methods this was a retrospective study conducted from September 2018 to November 2019 at Tamale Public Health Laboratory. Sputum or gastric lavage samples were collected from persons with suspected clinical presentations of TB and/or LRTI. These samples were cultured using standard microbiological protocols and antimicrobial susceptibility test performed on the positive cultures by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Molecular identification of M. tuberculosis was performed on all the suspected TB cases using GeneXpert mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampin (MTB/RIF) assay. Results during the study period, there were 264 cases of which 49.2% were males and 50.8% were females. Positive cases for culture were 47.3%. Out of the 264 cases, 186 (70.5%) were suspected TB with 51.6% being positive for culture, 6.5% positive for M. tuberculosis (GeneXpert confirmed) and 3.8% co-infection of TB with other bacteria pathogens. Klebsiella spp. (35/125; 28%) and Pseudomonas spp. (19/125; 15.2%) were the most predominant pathogens isolated. There was no significant difference in detection of bacteria in males and females (p=0.89), however individuals with suspected TB were significantly infected with other bacterial species than the unsuspected individuals (p=0.03). Almost all the isolates showed high susceptibility towards carbapenem (meropenem) and high resistance towards the third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone). Conclusion this study highlights the need to test individuals with classical symptoms of LRTIs for other bacterial infections other than TB only. Sputum culture is recommended for all suspected tuberculosis cases to provide accurate laboratory diagnosis to LRTIs and mitigate unnecessary use of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Deberu
- Tamale Public Health Laboratory, Tamale, Ghana.,Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Augustina Angelina Sylverken
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - David Sambian
- Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - John Amuasi
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Owusu
- Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Imran M, A S A, Thabet HK, Abida, Afroz Bakht M. Synthetic molecules as DprE1 inhibitors: A patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:759-772. [PMID: 33709862 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1902990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the advent of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), the extensively-resistant TB (XDR-TB), and the total drug-resistant-TB (TDR-TB) have led the community to develop new antitubercular molecules. The decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose-2'-epimerase-1 (DprE1) is an established target to developed new anti-TB drugs. This enzyme is required to synthesize the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). AREA COVERED This patent review focuses on the granted patents and patent applications related to the chemical entities developed as DprE1 inhibitors for TB treatment from the publication year of the BTZ-043 compound patent application (2007) till 30 September 2020. EXPERT OPINION The DprE1 has many advantages in the development of new antitubercular molecules, for example, its location in the periplasm of the Mtb cell wall and its absence in the human body. This indicates that the DprE1 inhibitors are selective for Mtb, and their toxic and side effects on the human body may be negligible or small. Accordingly, the use of DprE1 inhibitors may be benefic for patients with drug-resistant bacteria that require long-term medication. Four molecules are in clinical trials, which could become the drugs of the future for TB-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshrari A S
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy Kh Thabet
- cDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Afroz Bakht
- dDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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In Silico Approach for Phytocompound-Based Drug Designing to Fight Efflux Pump-Mediated Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1757-1779. [PMID: 33826064 PMCID: PMC8024441 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the principal causes of death in the world despite the existence of a significant number of antibiotics aimed against it. This is mainly due to the drug resistance mechanisms present in the bacterium, which leads to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Additionally, the development of new antibiotics has become limited over the years. Although there are various drug resistance mechanisms present, efflux pumps are of utmost importance because they extrude out several dissimilar antitubercular drugs out of the cell. There are many efflux pump proteins present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, blocking these efflux pumps by inhibitors can raise the efficacy of the existing antibiotics and may also pave the path for the discovery and synthesis of new drugs. Plant compounds can act as a resource for the development of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), which may eventually replace or augment the current therapeutic options. This is mainly because plants have been traditionally used for ages for food or treatment and are considered safe with little or no side effects. Various computational tools are available which are used for the virtual screening of a large number of phytocompounds within a short span of time. This review aims to highlight the mechanism and appearance of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with emphasis on efflux pumps along with the significance of phytochemicals as inhibitors of these pumps and their screening strategy by computational approaches.
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Ignacio BJ, Bakkum T, Bonger KM, Martin NI, van Kasteren SI. Metabolic labeling probes for interrogation of the host-pathogen interaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2856-2870. [PMID: 33725048 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide; despite the near-ubiquitous availability of antibiotics. With antibiotic resistance on the rise, there is an urgent need for novel classes of antibiotic drugs. One particularly troublesome class of bacteria are those that have evolved highly efficacious mechanisms for surviving inside the host. These contribute to their virulence by immune evasion, and make them harder to treat with antibiotics due to their residence inside intracellular membrane-limited compartments. This has sparked the development of new chemical reporter molecules and bioorthogonal probes that can be metabolically incorporated into bacteria to provide insights into their activity status. In this review, we provide an overview of several classes of metabolic labeling probes capable of targeting either the peptidoglycan cell wall, the mycomembrane of mycobacteria and corynebacteria, or specific bacterial proteins. In addition, we highlight several important insights that have been made using these metabolic labeling probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob J Ignacio
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radbout Universiteit, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands
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Wang A, Xu S, Chai Y, Xia G, Wang B, Lv K, Ma C, Wang D, Wang A, Qin X, Liu M, Lu Y. Design, synthesis and biological activity of N-(amino)piperazine-containing benzothiazinones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113398. [PMID: 33823392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel benzothiazinone derivatives containing a N-(amino)piperazine moiety, based on the structure of WAP-1902 discovered in our lab, were designed and synthesized as new anti-TB agents. Many of the compounds exhibited excellent in vitro activity against both drug-sensitive MTB strain H37Rv and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates (MIC: < 0.016 μg/mL), and good safety index (CC50: >64 μg/mL). Especially compound 1o displayed low hERG cardiac toxicity and acceptable oral pharmacokinetic profiles, indicating its promising potential to be a lead compound for future antitubercular drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yun Chai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital College of Pharmacy, Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Aoyu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital College of Pharmacy, Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China.
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Kiran D, Basaraba RJ. Lactate Metabolism and Signaling in Tuberculosis and Cancer: A Comparative Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:624607. [PMID: 33718271 PMCID: PMC7952876 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.624607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) leading to tuberculosis (TB) disease continues to be a major global health challenge. Critical barriers, including but not limited to the development of multi-drug resistance, lack of diagnostic assays that detect patients with latent TB, an effective vaccine that prevents Mtb infection, and infectious and non-infectious comorbidities that complicate active TB, continue to hinder progress toward a TB cure. To complement the ongoing development of new antimicrobial drugs, investigators in the field are exploring the value of host-directed therapies (HDTs). This therapeutic strategy targets the host, rather than Mtb, and is intended to augment host responses to infection such that the host is better equipped to prevent or clear infection and resolve chronic inflammation. Metabolic pathways of immune cells have been identified as promising HDT targets as more metabolites and metabolic pathways have shown to play a role in TB pathogenesis and disease progression. Specifically, this review highlights the potential role of lactate as both an immunomodulatory metabolite and a potentially important signaling molecule during the host response to Mtb infection. While long thought to be an inert end product of primarily glucose metabolism, the cancer research field has discovered the importance of lactate in carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapeutic drug treatment. Herein, we discuss similarities between the TB granuloma and tumor microenvironments in the context of lactate metabolism and identify key metabolic and signaling pathways that have been shown to play a role in tumor progression but have yet to be explored within the context of TB. Ultimately, lactate metabolism and signaling could be viable HDT targets for TB; however, critical additional research is needed to better understand the role of lactate at the host-pathogen interface during Mtb infection before adopting this HDT strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall J. Basaraba
- Metabolism of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Beteck RM, Jordaan A, Seldon R, Laming D, Hoppe HC, Warner DF, Khanye SD. Easy-To-Access Quinolone Derivatives Exhibiting Antibacterial and Anti-Parasitic Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041141. [PMID: 33672753 PMCID: PMC7931078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has a unique structural organisation, comprising a high lipid content mixed with polysaccharides. This makes cell wall a formidable barrier impermeable to hydrophilic agents. In addition, during host infection, Mtb resides in macrophages within avascular necrotic granulomas and cavities, which shield the bacterium from the action of most antibiotics. To overcome these protective barriers, a new class of anti-TB agents exhibiting lipophilic character have been recommended by various reports in literature. Herein, a series of lipophilic heterocyclic quinolone compounds was synthesised and evaluated in vitro against pMSp12::GFP strain of Mtb, two protozoan parasites (Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei brucei) and against ESKAPE pathogens. The resultant compounds exhibited varied anti-Mtb activity with MIC90 values in the range of 0.24–31 µM. Cross-screening against P. falciparum and T.b. brucei, identified several compounds with antiprotozoal activities in the range of 0.4–20 µM. Compounds were generally inactive against ESKAPE pathogens, with only compounds 8c, 8g and 13 exhibiting moderate to poor activity against S. aureus and A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.); (S.D.K.); Tel.: +27-46-603-8397 (S.D.K.)
| | - Audrey Jordaan
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (A.J.); (D.F.W.)
| | - Ronnett Seldon
- SAMRC Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Dustin Laming
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (D.L.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Heinrich C. Hoppe
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (D.L.); (H.C.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (A.J.); (D.F.W.)
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Setshaba D. Khanye
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (D.L.); (H.C.H.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.); (S.D.K.); Tel.: +27-46-603-8397 (S.D.K.)
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Kim SH, Semenya D, Castagnolo D. Antimicrobial drugs bearing guanidine moieties: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113293. [PMID: 33640673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Compounds incorporating guanidine moieties constitute a versatile class of biologically interesting molecules with a wide array of applications. As such, guanidines have been exploited as privileged structural motifs in designing novel drugs for the treatment of various infectious and non-infectious diseases. In designing anti-infective agents, this moiety carries great appeal by virtue of attributes such as hydrogen-bonding capability and protonatability at physiological pH in the context of interaction with biological targets. This review provides an overview of recent advances in hit-to-lead development studies of antimicrobial guanidine-containing compounds with the aim to highlight their structural diversity and the pharmacological relevance of the moiety to drug activity, insofar as possible. In so doing, emphasis is put on chemical and microbiological properties of such compounds in relation to antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Heun Kim
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Semenya
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom.
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Isonicotinoyl hydrazones of pyridoxine derivatives: synthesis and antimycobacterial activity. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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77
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Peraman R, Meka G, Chilamakuru NB, Kutagulla VK, Malla S, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Yiragamreddy PR. Novel stilbene scaffolds efficiently target Mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleoid-associated protein, HU. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel scaffolds of stilbene were identified as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting the nucleoid-associated protein, HU, using molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Peraman
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
| | - Geethavani Meka
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
| | - Naresh Babu Chilamakuru
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
| | - Vinay Kumar Kutagulla
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Toledo
- Toledo
- USA
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- St. John's University
- Queens
- USA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Toledo
- Toledo
- USA
| | - Padmanabha Reddy Yiragamreddy
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
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78
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Meena CL, Singh P, Shaliwal RP, Kumar V, Kumar A, Tiwari AK, Asthana S, Singh R, Mahajan D. Synthesis and evaluation of thiophene based small molecules as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112772. [PMID: 32920342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and anti-tubercular studies of novel molecules based on thiophene scaffold. We identified two novel small molecules 4a and 4b, which demonstrated 2-fold higher in vitro activity (MIC99: 0.195 μM) compared to first line TB drug, isoniazid (0.39 μM). The identified leads demonstrated additive effect with front line TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin and levofloxacin) and synergistic effect with a recently FDA-approved drug, bedaquiline. Mechanistic studies (i) negated the role of Pks13 and (ii) suggested the involvement of KatG in the anti-tubercular activity of these identified leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhuttan L Meena
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Padam Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ravi P Shaliwal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Anoop Kumar Tiwari
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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79
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Kumar G, Narayan R, Kapoor S. Chemical Tools for Illumination of Tuberculosis Biology, Virulence Mechanisms, and Diagnosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15308-15332. [PMID: 33307693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases and begs the scientific community to up the ante for research and exploration of completely novel therapeutic avenues. Chemical biology-inspired design of tunable chemical tools has aided in clinical diagnosis, facilitated discovery of therapeutics, and begun to enable investigation of virulence mechanisms at the host-pathogen interface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This Perspective highlights chemical tools specific to mycobacterial proteins and the cell lipid envelope that have furnished rapid and selective diagnostic strategies and provided unprecedented insights into the function of the mycobacterial proteome and lipidome. We discuss chemical tools that have enabled elucidating otherwise intractable biological processes by leveraging the unique lipid and metabolite repertoire of mycobacterial species. Some of these probes represent exciting starting points with the potential to illuminate poorly understood aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis, particularly the host membrane-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 403 401, Goa, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.,Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
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80
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Patel A, Redinger N, Richter A, Woods A, Neumann PR, Keegan G, Childerhouse N, Imming P, Schaible UE, Forbes B, Dailey LA. In vitro and in vivo antitubercular activity of benzothiazinone-loaded human serum albumin nanocarriers designed for inhalation. J Control Release 2020; 328:339-349. [PMID: 32827612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of human serum albumin (HSA) as a solubilising agent/drug delivery vehicle for pulmonary administration of antimycobacterial benzothiazinone (BTZ) compounds. The solubility of four novel BTZ compounds (IR 20, IF 274, FG 2, AR 112) was enhanced 2 to 140-fold by incubation with albumin (0.38-134 μg/mL). Tryptophan 213 residue quenching studies indicated moderate binding strength to Sudlow's site I. Nanoparticle manufacture achieved 37-60% encapsulation efficiency in HSA particles (169 nm, zeta potential -31 mV). Drug release was triggered by proteases with >50% released in 4 h. The antimycobacterial activity of IR 20 and FG 2 loaded in HSA nanoparticles was enhanced compared to DMSO/phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or albumin/PBS solutions in an in vitro M. tuberculosis-infected macrophage model. Intranasal instillation was used to achieve pulmonary delivery daily over 10 days to M. tuberculosis infected mice for FG2 HSA nanoparticles (0.4 mg/kg), FG 2 DMSO/saline (0.4 and 8 mg/kg) and a reference compound, BTZ043, DMSO/saline (0.4 and 8 mg/kg). A lower lung M. tuberculosis burden was apparent for all BTZ cohorts, but only significant for BTZ043 at both doses. In conclusion, mechanisms of HSA nanoparticle loading and release of BTZ compounds were demonstrated, enhanced antimycobacterial activity of the nanoparticle formulations was demonstrated in a biorelevant in vitro bioassay and the effectiveness of BTZ by pulmonary delivery in vivo was established with pilot evidence for effectiveness when delivered by HSA nanoparticles. Finally, the feasibility of developing an inhaled nanoparticle-in-microparticle powder formulation was ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayasha Patel
- Drug Delivery Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Natalja Redinger
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, PA Infections, Div. Cellular Microbiology, Parkallee 35, 23845 Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany
| | - Adrian Richter
- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str.4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Arcadia Woods
- Drug Delivery Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robert Neumann
- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str.4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Gemma Keegan
- Vectura Group plc, One Prospect West, Chippenham SN14 6FH, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Childerhouse
- Vectura Group plc, One Prospect West, Chippenham SN14 6FH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Imming
- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str.4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, PA Infections, Div. Cellular Microbiology, Parkallee 35, 23845 Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany
| | - Ben Forbes
- Drug Delivery Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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81
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KB S, Kumari A, Shetty D, Fernandes E, DV C, Jays J, Murahari M. Structure based pharmacophore modelling approach for the design of azaindole derivatives as DprE1 inhibitors for tuberculosis. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 101:107718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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82
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Bakkum T, Heemskerk MT, Bos E, Groenewold M, Oikonomeas-Koppasis N, Walburg KV, van Veen S, van der Lienden MJC, van Leeuwen T, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Koster AJ, van Kasteren SI. Bioorthogonal Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages Reveals the Effect of Antituberculosis Drugs on Subcellular Bacterial Distribution. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1997-2007. [PMID: 33274277 PMCID: PMC7706097 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal correlative light-electron microscopy (B-CLEM) can give a detailed overview of multicomponent biological systems. It can provide information on the ultrastructural context of bioorthogonal handles and other fluorescent signals, as well as information about subcellular organization. We have here applied B-CLEM to the study of the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by generating a triply labeled Mtb through combined metabolic labeling of the cell wall and the proteome of a DsRed-expressing Mtb strain. Study of this pathogen in a B-CLEM setting was used to provide information about the intracellular distribution of the pathogen, as well as its in situ response to various clinical antibiotics, supported by flow cytometric analysis of the bacteria, after recovery from the host cell (ex cellula). The RNA polymerase-targeting drug rifampicin displayed the most prominent effect on subcellular distribution, suggesting the most direct effect on pathogenicity and/or viability, while the cell wall synthesis-targeting drugs isoniazid and ethambutol effectively rescued bacterial division-induced loss of metabolic labels. The three drugs combined did not give a more pronounced effect but rather an intermediate response, whereas gentamicin displayed a surprisingly strong additive effect on subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bakkum
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias T. Heemskerk
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Groenewold
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Oikonomeas-Koppasis
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V. Walburg
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van der Lienden
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle C. Haks
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J. Koster
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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83
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Ortega PA, Silva-Miranda M, Torres-Larios A, Campos-Chávez E, Franken KCLCM, Ottenhoff THM, Ivanyi J, Espitia C. Selection of a Single Domain Antibody, Specific for an HLA-Bound Epitope of the Mycobacterial Ag85B Antigen. Front Immunol 2020; 11:577815. [PMID: 33117380 PMCID: PMC7564862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells recognizing epitopes on the surface of mycobacteria-infected macrophages can impart protection, but with associated risk for reactivation to lung pathology. We aimed to identify antibodies specific to such epitopes, which carry potentials for development toward novel therapeutic constructs. Since epitopes presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex alleles are rarely recognized by naturally produced antibodies, we used a phage display library for the identification of monoclonal human single domain antibody producing clones. The selected 2C clone displayed T cell receptor-like recognition of an HLA-A*0201 bound 199KLVANNTRL207 peptide from the Ag85B antigen, which is known to be an immunodominant epitope for human T cells. The specificity of the selected domain antibody was demonstrated by solid phase immunoassay and by immunofluorescent surface staining of peptide loaded cells of the T2 cell line. The antibody affinity binding was determined by biolayer interferometry. Our results validated the used technologies as suitable for the generation of antibodies against epitopes on the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected cells. The potential approaches forward the development of antibody in immunotherapy of tuberculosis have been outlined in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Ortega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mayra Silva-Miranda
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,CONACyT-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Campos-Chávez
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Kees C L C M Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Juraj Ivanyi
- Center for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Center for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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84
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Spectroscopic identification of intermediates and final products of the chiral pool synthesis of sutezolid. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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85
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Rani A, Johansen MD, Roquet-Banères F, Kremer L, Awolade P, Ebenezer O, Singh P, Sumanjit, Kumar V. Design and synthesis of 4-Aminoquinoline-isoindoline-dione-isoniazid triads as potential anti-mycobacterials. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127576. [PMID: 32980514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-aminoquinoline-isoindoline-dione-isoniazid triads were synthesized and assessed for their anti-mycobacterial activities and cytotoxicity. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited promising activities against the mc26230 strain of M. tuberculosis with MIC in the range of 5.1-11.9 µM and were non-cytotoxic against Vero cells. The conjugates lacking either isoniazid or quinoline core in their structural framework failed to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis; thus, further strengthening the proposed design of triads in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie (IRIM) de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 9004 Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Roquet-Banères
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie (IRIM) de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 9004 Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie (IRIM) de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 9004 Université de Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Oluwakemi Ebenezer
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sumanjit
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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86
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Ribeiro RCB, de Marins DB, Di Leo I, da Silva Gomes L, de Moraes MG, Abbadi BL, Villela AD, da Silva WF, da Silva LCRP, Machado P, Bizarro CV, Basso LA, Cristina de Moraes M, Ferreira VF, da Silva FDC, Nascimento V. Anti-tubercular profile of new selenium-menadione conjugates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) strain and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112859. [PMID: 33010635 PMCID: PMC7510590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most fatal diseases and is responsible for the infection of millions of people around the world. Most recently, scientific frontiers have been engaged to develop new drugs that can overcome drug-resistant TB. Following this direction, using a designed scaffold based on the combination of two separate pharmacophoric groups, a series of menadione-derived selenoesters was developed with good yields. All products were evaluated for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and attractive results were observed, especially for the compounds 8a, 8c and 8f (MICs 2.1, 8.0 and 8.1 μM, respectively). In addition, 8a, 8c and 8f demonstrated potent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates (CDCT-16 and CDCT-27) with promising MIC values ranging from 0.8 to 3.1 μM. Importantly, compounds 8a and 8c were found to be non-toxic against the Vero cell line. The SI value of 8a (>23.8) was found to be comparable to that of isoniazid (>22.7), which suggests the possibility of carrying out advanced studies on this derivative. Therefore, these menadione-derived selenoesters obtained as hybrid compounds represent promising new anti-tubercular agents to overcome TB multidrug resistance. New menadione-derived selenoesters were synthesized. The compounds demonstrated excellent activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. 8a, 8c and 8f showed potent activity against multidrug resistant clinical isolates. Compounds 8a and 8c were found to be non-toxic. These organoselenium compounds represent promising new anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan C B Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel B de Marins
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iris Di Leo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana da Silva Gomes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus G de Moraes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Abbadi
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anne D Villela
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wellington F da Silva
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio R P da Silva
- Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pablo Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Valim Bizarro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Basso
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcela Cristina de Moraes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, CEP 24241-000, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Nascimento
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Tetali SR, Kunapaeddi E, Mailavaram RP, Singh V, Borah P, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Hourani W, Tekade RK. Current advances in the clinical development of anti-tubercular agents. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 125:101989. [PMID: 32957054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable airborne infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that primarily affects the lungs, and can disseminate to other parts of the body. MTB is one of the most dangerous pathogens, killing about 1.4 million people annually worldwide. Although the standard treatment of TB is comprised of four anti-TB drugs, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) strains in the recent past and associated side effects have affected the tailor-made regimens. Notably, existing therapies approved by the World Health Organisation (WHO) can only treat less than 50% of drug-resistant TB. Therefore, an expeditious pace in the TB research is highly needed in search of effective, affordable, least toxic novel drugs with shorter regimens to reach the goals viz. 2020 milestones End TB strategy set by the WHO. Currently, twenty-three drug-like molecules are under investigation in different stages of clinical trials. These newer agents are expected to be effective against the resistant strains. This article summarizes the properties, merits, demerits, and the probability of their success as novel potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanvai Reddy Tetali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202, West Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Eswar Kunapaeddi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202, West Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghu Prasad Mailavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202, West Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box 1, Amman, 19392, Jordan.
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Wafa Hourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box 1, Amman, 19392, Jordan
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
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88
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Wang X, Zhang H, Han Y, Huo L, Cao Y, Xu X, Ai L. Rapid and simultaneous determination of ten anti-tuberculosis drugs in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS with applications in therapeutic drug monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122246. [PMID: 32668377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global challenge, particularly with a growing number of resistant cases, which may become an obstacle to eliminating this disease. Standardized short-course therapy composed of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB), and pyrazinamide (PZA) is playing vital roles for curbing the rapid spread of tuberculosis. However, some patients have poor responses to standardized short-course therapy. As the number of drug-resistant tuberculosis increase, some other anti-tuberculous drugs are needed to achieve better treatment outcomes. In this study, we established a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of ten anti-tuberculosis drugs in human plasma including INH, EMB, PZA, RIF, rifampin, rifapentine as well as four second-line antituberculosis drugs, i.e. ethionamide, protionamide, thiosemicarbazone and clofazimine. This study contains almost all the commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs. The plasma samples were treated with acetonitrile to precipitate proteins, and doped with the isotope internal standard. A Shiseido CAPCELL RAK-ADME (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 3 μm) column was used for chromatographic separation, and acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1% formic acid) was the mobile phase. The separation used gradient elution with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 °C, and the sample volume was 1 μL. The electrospray ionization source (ESI) and the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were used for the detection. The analysis time was as short as 7 min. The results show a good linear relationship under optimized conditions in the range of 5.00-7.50 × 103, 1.00-1.50 × 103, 5.00-5.00 × 104, 5.00-7.50 × 103, 1.00-3.00 × 103, 1.00 × 101-1.00 × 104, 1.00-3.00 × 103, 1.00-3.00 × 103, 2.00-4.00 × 103, and 1.00 × 10-1-2.00 × 102 ng/mL for INH, EMB PZA, RIF, rifabutin, rifapentine, ethionamide, protionamide, thiosemicarbazone, and clofazimine, respectively, with a linear correlation coefficient of R > 0.99. Finally, 34 patients with pulmonary TB were tested for therapeutic drug monitoring. The results showed that the presented method have significant advances in sensitivity, separation efficiency and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangji Wang
- School of Public Health, and Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Haichao Zhang
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, 318 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yanzhen Han
- School of Public Health, and Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lin Huo
- Hebei Chest Hospital, 372 Shengli North Street, Shijiazhuang 050048, China
| | - Yaqing Cao
- Hebei Chest Hospital, 372 Shengli North Street, Shijiazhuang 050048, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- School of Public Health, and Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Lianfeng Ai
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, 318 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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89
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Dehyab AS, Bakar MFA, AlOmar MK, Sabran SF. A review of medicinal plant of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as source in tuberculosis drug discovery. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2457-2478. [PMID: 32884430 PMCID: PMC7451596 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that affects one-third of the world's population. Although currently available TB drugs have many side effects, such as nausea, headache and gastrointestinal discomfort, no new anti-TB drugs have been produced in the past 30 years. Therefore, the discovery of a new anti-TB agent with minimal or no side effects is urgently needed. Many previous works have reported the effects of medicinal plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, none have focused on medicinal plants from the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region. This review highlights the effects of medicinal plants from the MENA region on TB. Medicinal plants from the MENA region have been successfully used as traditional medicine and first aid against TB related problems. A total of 184 plants species representing 73 families were studied. Amongst these species, 93 species contained more active compounds with strong anti-MTB activity (crude extracts and/or bioactive compounds with activities of 0-100 µg/ml). The extract of Inula helenium, Khaya senegalensis, Premna odorata and Rosmarinus officinalis presented the strongest anti-MTB activity. In addition, Boswellia papyrifera (Del) Hochst olibanum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh leaves (river red gum), Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds and genus Cymbopogon exhibited anti-TB activity. The most potent bioactive compounds included alantolactone, octyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, thymoquinone, piperitone, α- verbenol, citral b and α-pinene. These compounds affect the permeability of microbial plasma membranes, thus kill the mycobacterium spp. As a conclusion, plant species collected from the MENA region are potential sources of novel drugs against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sami Dehyab
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) – Pagoh Campus, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al Maarif University College, Alanbar, Iraq
| | - Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) – Pagoh Campus, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Fatimah Sabran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) – Pagoh Campus, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
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90
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Mukherjee G, Mukherjee K, Das R, Mandal RS, Roy I, Mukhopadhyay B, Sil AK. Allyl piperidine-1-carbodiothioate and benzyl 1H-imidazole 1 carbodithioate: two potential agents to combat against mycobacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:786-796. [PMID: 32615006 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has made tuberculosis more difficult to manage clinically. With the aim of obtaining new and effective anti-mycobacterial agent(s), this study investigated the anti-mycobacterial activity of several imidazole and piperidine derivatives. METHODS AND RESULTS Towards obtaining new anti-mycobacterial agents, Mycobacterium smegmatis cells were treated with different compounds for their growth inhibitory activity. Among these, benzyl 1H-imidazole-1-carbodithioate and allyl piperidine-1-carbodiothioate exhibited better inhibition than the others. Thereafter, anti-biofilm property of these two was examined by treating M. smegmatis with these agents before and after the formation of biofilm. The result showed that both the compounds at their sublethal dose inhibited the formation of biofilm as well as dispersed preformed biofilm. Consistently, they augmented the activity of isoniazid or rifampicin against biofilm-encapsulated cells. MTT assay was performed to examine the toxic effects of this combinatorial therapy on different cell lines. Results exhibited a low cytotoxicity for this combinatorial treatment. The activity of these two was also verified against dormant mycobacterial cells and was found to be effective. CONCLUSION The present study identified two compounds that exhibited anti-mycobacterial activities against both planktonic and dormant cells. These two also exhibited anti-biofilm activity at their sublethal dose and augmented the activity of isoniazid and rifampicin against biofilm encapsulated cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The current study provides two new agents that have the potential to be used in anti-mycobacterial therapy and may help in public health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - K Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - R Das
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - R S Mandal
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Biomedical Informatics Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - I Roy
- Clinical Microbiology, Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - B Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - A K Sil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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91
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Sánchez A, Mejía SP, Orozco J. Recent Advances in Polymeric Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Drugs against Intracellular Infections. Molecules 2020; 25:E3760. [PMID: 32824757 PMCID: PMC7464666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocarriers (PNs) have demonstrated to be a promising alternative to treat intracellular infections. They have outstanding performance in delivering antimicrobials intracellularly to reach an adequate dose level and improve their therapeutic efficacy. PNs offer opportunities for preventing unwanted drug interactions and degradation before reaching the target cell of tissue and thus decreasing the development of resistance in microorganisms. The use of PNs has the potential to reduce the dose and adverse side effects, providing better efficiency and effectiveness of therapeutic regimens, especially in drugs having high toxicity, low solubility in the physiological environment and low bioavailability. This review provides an overview of nanoparticles made of different polymeric precursors and the main methodologies to nanofabricate platforms of tuned physicochemical and morphological properties and surface chemistry for controlled release of antimicrobials in the target. It highlights the versatility of these nanosystems and their challenges and opportunities to deliver antimicrobial drugs to treat intracellular infections and mentions nanotoxicology aspects and future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sánchez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 Nº 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.S.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Susana P. Mejía
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 Nº 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.S.); (S.P.M.)
- Experimental and Medical Micology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Carrera, 72A Nº 78B–141 Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 Nº 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.S.); (S.P.M.)
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92
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Doğan ŞD, Gündüz MG, Doğan H, Krishna VS, Lherbet C, Sriram D. Design and synthesis of thiourea-based derivatives as Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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93
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Wang A, Ma C, Chai Y, Liu X, Lv K, Fu L, Wang B, Jia X, Liu M, Lu Y. Identification of benzothiazinones containing 2-benzyl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane moieties as new antitubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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94
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Wang A, Lu Y, Lv K, Ma C, Xu S, Wang B, Wang A, Xia G, Liu M. Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of new benzothiazinones inspired by rifampicin/rifapentine. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104135. [PMID: 32736151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel benzothiazinone derivatives containing a N-((methylene)amino)piperazine moiety, inspired by rifampicin/rifapentine, were designed and synthesized. Seven compounds 1a and 1e-j show excellent in vitro activity against both drug-sensitive MTB strain H37Rv and drug-resistant clinical isolates (MIC: <0.029-0.110 μM), and accepted selective index (>1100->4000). Compound 1h displays good safety and pharmacokinetic profiles, suggesting its promising potential to be lead compound for future antitubercular drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital College of Pharmacy, Medical University, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital College of Pharmacy, Medical University, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Aoyu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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95
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Tambe PM, Bhowmick S, Chaudhary SK, Khan MR, Wabaidur SM, Muddassir M, Patil PC, Islam MA. Structure-Based Screening of DNA GyraseB Inhibitors for Therapeutic Applications in Tuberculosis: a Pharmacoinformatics Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1107-1123. [PMID: 32686004 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and considered as serious public health concern worldwide which kills approximately five thousand people every day. Therefore, TB drug development efforts are in gigantic need for identification of new potential chemical agents to eradicate TB from the society. The bacterial DNA gyrase B (GyrB) protein as an experimentally widely accepted effective drug target for the development of TB chemotherapeutics. In the present study, advanced pharmacoinformatics approaches were used to screen the Mcule database against the GyrB protein. Based on a number of chemometric parameters, five molecules were found to be crucial to inhibit the GyrB. A number of molecular binding interactions between the proposed inhibitors and important active site residues of GyrB were observed. The predicted drug-likeness properties of all molecules were indicated that compounds possess characteristics to be the drug-like candidates. The dynamic nature of each molecule was explored through the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study. Various analyzing parameters from MD simulation trajectory have suggested rationality of the molecules to be potential GyrB inhibitor. Moreover, the binding free energy was calculated from the entire MD simulation trajectories highlighted greater binding free energy values for all newly identified compounds also substantiated the strong binding affection towards the GyrB in comparison to the novobiocin. Therefore, the proposed molecules might be considered as potential anti-TB chemical agents for future drug discovery purposes subjected to experimental validation. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali Mahadeo Tambe
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, India
| | - Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Sushil K Chaudhary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Mussoorie-Diversion Road, Makkawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikh M Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Preeti Chunarkar Patil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, India
| | - Md Ataul Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.
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96
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Pires DEV, Ascher DB. mycoCSM: Using Graph-Based Signatures to Identify Safe Potent Hits against Mycobacteria. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3450-3456. [PMID: 32615035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of new potent, safe drugs to treat Mycobacteria has proven to be challenging, with limited hit rates of initial screens restricting subsequent development efforts. Despite significant efforts and the evolution of quantitative structure-activity relationship as well as machine learning-based models for computationally predicting molecule bioactivity, there is an unmet need for efficient and reliable methods for identifying biologically active compounds against Mycobacterium that are also safe for humans. Here we developed mycoCSM, a graph-based signature approach to rapidly identify compounds likely to be active against bacteria from the genus Mycobacterium, or against specific Mycobacteria species. mycoCSM was trained and validated on eight organism-specific and for the first time a general Mycobacteria data set, achieving correlation coefficients of up to 0.89 on cross-validation and 0.88 on independent blind tests, when predicting bioactivity in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration. In addition, we also developed a predictor to identify those compounds likely to penetrate in necrotic tuberculosis foci, which achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.75. Together with a built-in estimator of the maximum tolerated dose in humans, we believe this method will provide a valuable resource to enrich screening libraries with potent, safe molecules. To provide simple guidance in the selection of libraries with favorable anti-Mycobacteria properties, we made mycoCSM freely available online at http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/myco_csm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E V Pires
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.,School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - David B Ascher
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
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97
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Dheda K, Gumbo T, Maartens G, Dooley KE, Murray M, Furin J, Nardell EA, Warren RM. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine Commission: 2019 update: epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and management of multidrug-resistant and incurable tuberculosis. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 7:820-826. [PMID: 31486393 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine Commission on drug-resistant tuberculosis was published in 2017, which comprehensively reviewed and provided recommendations on various aspects of the disease. Several key new developments regarding drug-resistant tuberculosis are outlined in this Commission Update. The WHO guidelines on treating drug-resistant tuberculosis were updated in 2019 with a reclassification of second line anti-tuberculosis drugs. An injection-free MDR tuberculosis treatment regimen is now recommended. Over the past 3 years, advances in treatment include the recognition of the safety and mortality benefit of bedaquiline, the finding that the 9-11 month injectable-based 'Bangladesh' regimen was non-inferior to longer regimens, and promising interim results of a novel 6 month 3-drug regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid). Studies of explanted lungs from patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis have shown substantial drug-specific gradients across pulmonary cavities, suggesting that alternative dosing and drug delivery strategies are needed to reduce functional monotherapy at the site of disease. Several controversies are discussed including the optimal route of drug administration, optimal number of drugs constituting a regimen, selection of individual drugs for a regimen, duration of the regimen, and minimal desirable standards of antibiotic stewardship. Newer rapid nucleic acid amplification test platforms, including point-of-care systems that facilitate active case-finding, are discussed. The rapid diagnosis of resistance to other drugs, (notably fluoroquinolones), and detection of resistance by targeted or whole genome sequencing will probably change the diagnostic landscape in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African Medical Research Council/University of Cape Town Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly E Dooley
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Megan Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward A Nardell
- T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin M Warren
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research/Department of Science and Technology/ National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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98
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Yan Y, Liu N, Tang Y. Recent developments in self-resistance gene directed natural product discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:879-892. [PMID: 31912842 PMCID: PMC7340575 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2019Natural products (NPs) are important sources of human therapeutic agents and pesticides. To prevent self-harm from bioactive NPs, some microbial producers employ self-resistance genes to protect themselves. One effective strategy is to employ a self-resistance enzyme (SRE), which is a slightly mutated version of the original metabolic enzyme, and is resistant to the toxic NP but is still functional. The presence of a SRE in a gene cluster can serve as a predictive window to the biological activity of the NPs synthesized by the pathway. In this highlight, we summarize representative examples of NP biosynthetic pathways that utilize self-resistance genes for protection. Recent discoveries based on self-resistance gene identification have helped in bridging the gap between activity-guided and genome-driven approaches for NP discovery and functional assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Ahn E, Kumar A, Fulham M, Feng D, Kim J. Unsupervised Domain Adaptation to Classify Medical Images Using Zero-Bias Convolutional Auto-Encoders and Context-Based Feature Augmentation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:2385-2394. [PMID: 32012005 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.2971258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy and robustness of image classification with supervised deep learning are dependent on the availability of large-scale labelled training data. In medical imaging, these large labelled datasets are sparse, mainly related to the complexity in manual annotation. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), with transferable knowledge, have been employed as a solution to limited annotated data through: 1) fine-tuning generic knowledge with a relatively smaller amount of labelled medical imaging data, and 2) learning image representation that is invariant to different domains. These approaches, however, are still reliant on labelled medical image data. Our aim is to use a new hierarchical unsupervised feature extractor to reduce reliance on annotated training data. Our unsupervised approach uses a multi-layer zero-bias convolutional auto-encoder that constrains the transformation of generic features from a pre-trained CNN (for natural images) to non-redundant and locally relevant features for the medical image data. We also propose a context-based feature augmentation scheme to improve the discriminative power of the feature representation. We evaluated our approach on 3 public medical image datasets and compared it to other state-of-the-art supervised CNNs. Our unsupervised approach achieved better accuracy when compared to other conventional unsupervised methods and baseline fine-tuned CNNs.
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Thomas D, KurienThomas K, Latha M. Preparation and evaluation of alginate nanoparticles prepared by green method for drug delivery applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:888-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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