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Mahmud-Al-Rafat A, Majumder A, Taufiqur Rahman KM, Mahedi Hasan AM, Didarul Islam KM, Taylor-Robinson AW, Billah MM. Decoding the enigma of antiviral crisis: Does one target molecule regulate all? Cytokine 2019; 115:13-23. [PMID: 30616034 PMCID: PMC7129598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 class switching provides regulation over pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Unregulated IL-6 trans-signaling promotes uncontrolled pro-inflammatory responses. ADAM-17 regulates class switching between IL-6 trans- and classical-signaling. Selective ADAM-17 blocking restricts overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. ADAM-17 may be an antiviral drug target to reduce immunopathology disease severity.
Disease fatality associated with Ebola, SARS-CoV and dengue infections in humans is attributed to a cytokine storm that is triggered by excessive pro-inflammatory responses. Interleukin (IL)-6 acts as a mediator between pro- and anti-inflammatory reactivity by initiating trans- and classical-signaling, respectively. Hence, IL-6 is assumed to provide a target for a broad range of antiviral agents. Available immunosuppressive antivirals are directed to control an often exaggerated pro-inflammatory response that gives rise to complex clinical conditions such as lymphocytopenia. It is known that IL-6, via its soluble receptor (sIL-6R), initiates a pro-inflammatory response while an anti-inflammatory response is triggered by the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). Future antivirals should thus aim to target the mechanism that regulates switching between IL-6 trans- and classical-signaling. In this review, we propose that the tumour necrosis factor-α converting enzyme ADAM-17 could be the master molecule involved in regulating IL-6 class switching and through this in controlling pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to viral antigenic stimuli. Therefore, ADAM-17 should be considered as a potential target molecule for novel antiviral drug discovery that would regulate host reactivity to infection and thereby limit or prevent fatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mahmud-Al-Rafat
- Research & Development Division, Incepta Vaccine Ltd., Zirabo, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Apurba Majumder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - K M Taufiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada.
| | - A M Mahedi Hasan
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
| | - K M Didarul Islam
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew W Taylor-Robinson
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Md Morsaline Billah
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
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52
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Monitoring of Interferon Response Triggered by Cells Infected by Hepatitis C Virus or Other Viruses Upon Cell-Cell Contact. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1911:319-335. [PMID: 30593636 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8976-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) constitute a unique DC subset specialized in rapid and massive secretion of cytokines, including type I interferon (i.e., IFNα and IFNβ), known to be pivotal for both innate immunity and the onset of adaptive response. The production of type I IFNs by pDCs is primarily induced by the recognition of viral nucleic acids through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and -9 sensors located in the endolysosomal compartment. Importantly, in the context of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, pDC type I IFN response is triggered by the sensing of infected cells via physical cell-cell contact. Such a feature is also observed for many genetically distant viruses, including notably viruses of the Retroviridae, Arenaviridae, Flaviviridae, Picornaviridaea, Togaviridae families and observed for various infected cell types. Here, we described a set of experimental methods for the ex vivo studies of the regulation of pDC activation upon physical cell-cell contact with virally infected cells.
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53
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Rocha RF, Del Sarto JL, Marques RE, Costa VV, Teixeira MM. Host target-based approaches against arboviral diseases. Biol Chem 2018; 399:203-217. [PMID: 29145171 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the 20th century, socioeconomic and environmental changes facilitated the reintroduction of mosquitoes in developing cities, resulting in the reinsertion of mosquito-borne viral diseases and the dispersal of their causative agents on a worldwide scale. Recurrent outbreaks of arboviral diseases are being reported, even in regions without a previous history of arboviral disease transmission. Of note, arboviral infections represented approximately 30% of all emerging vector-borne diseases in the last decade. Therapeutic strategies against infectious viral diseases include the use of different classes of molecules that act directly on the pathogen and/or act by optimizing the host immune response. Drugs targeting the virus usually provide amelioration of symptoms by suppressing and controlling the infection. However, it is limited by the short-window of effectiveness, ineffectiveness against latent viruses, development of drug-resistant mutants and toxic side effects. Disease may also be a consequence of an excessive, uncontrolled or misplaced inflammatory response, treatments that interfere in host immune response are interesting options and can be used isolated or in combination with virus-targeted therapies. The use of host-targeted therapies requires specific knowledge regarding host immune patterns that may trigger dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV) or Zika virus (ZIKV) disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Froes Rocha
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lemos Del Sarto
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em energia e materiais - CNPEM, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Research Center for Drug Development, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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54
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Virulent Pseudorabies Virus Infection Induces a Specific and Lethal Systemic Inflammatory Response in Mice. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01614-18. [PMID: 30258005 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01614-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus that infects the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The natural host of PRV is the swine, but it can infect most mammals, including cattle, rodents, and dogs. In these nonnatural hosts, PRV always causes a severe acute and lethal neuropathy called the "mad itch," which is uncommon in swine. Thus far, the pathophysiological and immunological processes leading to the development of the neuropathic itch and the death of the animal are unclear. Using a footpad inoculation model, we established that mice inoculated with PRV-Becker (virulent strain) develop a severe pruritus in the foot and become moribund at 82 h postinoculation (hpi). We found necrosis and inflammation with a massive neutrophil infiltration only in the footpad and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) by hematoxylin and eosin staining. PRV load was detected in the foot, PNS, and central nervous system tissues by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Infected mice had elevated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) and chemokines (Gro-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1). Significant IL-6 and G-CSF levels were detected in several tissues at 82 hpi. High plasma levels of C-reactive protein confirmed the acute inflammatory response to PRV-Becker infection. Moreover, mice inoculated with PRV-Bartha (attenuated, live vaccine strain) did not develop pruritus at 82 hpi. PRV-Bartha also replicated in the PNS, and the infection spread further in the brain than PRV-Becker. PRV-Bartha infection did not induce the specific and lethal systemic inflammatory response seen with PRV-Becker. Overall, we demonstrated the importance of inflammation in the clinical outcome of PRV infection in mice and provide new insights into the process of PRV-induced neuroinflammation.IMPORTANCE Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus related to human pathogens such as herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The natural host of PRV is the swine, but it can infect most mammals. In susceptible animals other than pigs, PRV infection always causes a characteristic lethal pruritus known as the "mad itch." The role of the immune response in the clinical outcome of PRV infection is still poorly understood. Here, we show that a systemic host inflammatory response is responsible for the severe pruritus and acute death of mice infected with virulent PRV-Becker but not mice infected with attenuated strain PRV-Bartha. In addition, we identified IL-6 and G-CSF as two main cytokines that play crucial roles in the regulation of this process. Our findings give new insights into neuroinflammatory diseases and strengthen further the similarities between VZV and PRV infections at the level of innate immunity.
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Diosa-Toro M, Troost B, van de Pol D, Heberle AM, Urcuqui-Inchima S, Thedieck K, Smit JM. Tomatidine, a novel antiviral compound towards dengue virus. Antiviral Res 2018; 161:90-99. [PMID: 30468746 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the most common arboviral disease worldwide with 96 million symptomatic cases annually. Despite its major impact on global human health and huge economic burden there is no antiviral drug available to treat the disease. The first tetravalent dengue virus vaccine was licensed in 2015 for individuals aged 9 to 45, however, most cases are reported in infants and young children. This, together with the limited efficacy of the vaccine to dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2, stresses the need to continue the search for compounds with antiviral activity to DENV. In this report, we describe tomatidine as a novel compound with potent antiviral properties towards all DENV serotypes and the related Zika virus. The strongest effect was observed for DENV-2 with an EC50 and EC90 value of 0.82 and 1.61 μM, respectively, following infection of Huh7 cells at multiplicity of infection of 1. The selectivity index is 97.7. Time-of-drug-addition experiments revealed that tomatidine inhibits virus particle production when added pre, during and up to 12 h post-infection. Subsequent experiments show that tomatidine predominantly acts at a step after virus-cell binding and membrane fusion but prior to the secretion of progeny virions. Tomatidine was found to control the expression of the cellular protein activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), yet, this protein is not solely responsible for the observed antiviral effect. Here, we propose tomatidine as a candidate for the treatment of dengue given its potent antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Diosa-Toro
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Berit Troost
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Denise van de Pol
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Martin Heberle
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jolanda M Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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56
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Lin GL, McGinley JP, Drysdale SB, Pollard AJ. Epidemiology and Immune Pathogenesis of Viral Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2147. [PMID: 30319615 PMCID: PMC6170629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can be caused by a broad range of pathogens; however, bacterial infections represent the majority of sepsis cases. Up to 42% of sepsis presentations are culture negative, suggesting a non-bacterial cause. Despite this, diagnosis of viral sepsis remains very rare. Almost any virus can cause sepsis in vulnerable patients (e.g., neonates, infants, and other immunosuppressed groups). The prevalence of viral sepsis is not known, nor is there enough information to make an accurate estimate. The initial standard of care for all cases of sepsis, even those that are subsequently proven to be culture negative, is the immediate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the absence of definite diagnostic criteria for viral sepsis, or at least to exclude bacterial sepsis, this inevitably leads to unnecessary antimicrobial use, with associated consequences for antimicrobial resistance, effects on the host microbiome and excess healthcare costs. It is important to understand non-bacterial causes of sepsis so that inappropriate treatment can be minimised, and appropriate treatments can be developed to improve outcomes. In this review, we summarise what is known about viral sepsis, its most common causes, and how the immune responses to severe viral infections can contribute to sepsis. We also discuss strategies to improve our understanding of viral sepsis, and ways we can integrate this new information into effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu-Lung Lin
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P McGinley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B Drysdale
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatrics, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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57
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Wei KC, Huang MS, Chang TH. Dengue Virus Infects Primary Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:268. [PMID: 30186771 PMCID: PMC6110916 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the epidemic of the dengue virus (DENV) infection in Taiwan in 2014 and 2015, we observed an abnormally high frequency of increased scalp hair shedding in infected individuals that could not be explained by telogen effluvium. In this study, the mechanism of hair loss caused by DENV was explored. Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) are essential for hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. Thus, we established an in vitro DENV infection model in HFDPCs. On immunofluorescence analysis, HFDPCs that were susceptible to DENV infection responded to type I interferon (IFN) treatment, and the cells showed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), revealed an inflammatory response in DENV-infected HFDPCs. In particular, DENV infection impaired cell viability, and it activated caspase-associated cell death signaling in HFDPCs. In conclusion, our data indicate that direct infection with DENV causes inflammation and cell death in HFDPCs, which is involved in the mechanisms of hair loss after DENV infection. The knowledge of DENV infection in an immune-privileged tissue, such as hair follicles, may suggest their use for further studies on post-dengue fatigue syndrome (PDFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Che Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shu Huang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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58
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Melo CFOR, Delafiori J, Dabaja MZ, de Oliveira DN, Guerreiro TM, Colombo TE, Nogueira ML, Proenca-Modena JL, Catharino RR. The role of lipids in the inception, maintenance and complications of dengue virus infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11826. [PMID: 30087415 PMCID: PMC6081433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a viral condition that has become a recurrent issue for public health in tropical countries, common endemic areas. Although viral structure and composition have been widely studied, the infection phenotype in terms of small molecules remains poorly established. This contribution providing a comprehensive overview of the metabolic implications of the virus-host interaction using a lipidomic-based approach through direct-infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our results provide further evidence that lipids are part of both the immune response upon Dengue virus infection and viral infection maintenance mechanism in the organism. Furthermore, the species described herein provide evidence that such lipids may be part of the mechanism that leads to blood-related complications such as hemorrhagic fever, the severe form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeany Delafiori
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mohamad Ziad Dabaja
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Melina Guerreiro
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Elias Colombo
- School of Medicine from São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Laboratory of Study of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetic, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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59
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Pu SY, Xiao F, Schor S, Bekerman E, Zanini F, Barouch-Bentov R, Nagamine CM, Einav S. Feasibility and biological rationale of repurposing sunitinib and erlotinib for dengue treatment. Antiviral Res 2018; 155:67-75. [PMID: 29753658 PMCID: PMC6064211 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for strategies to combat dengue virus (DENV) infection; a major global threat. We reported that the cellular kinases AAK1 and GAK regulate intracellular trafficking of multiple viruses and that sunitinib and erlotinib, approved anticancer drugs with potent activity against these kinases, protect DENV-infected mice from mortality. Nevertheless, further characterization of the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of this approach is required prior to clinical evaluation. Here, we demonstrate that sunitinib/erlotinib combination achieves sustained suppression of systemic infection at approved dose in DENV-infected IFN-α/β and IFN-γ receptor-deficient mice. Nevertheless, treatment with these blood-brain barrier impermeable drugs delays, yet does not prevent, late-onset paralysis; a common manifestation in this immunodeficient mouse model but not in humans. Sunitinib and erlotinib treatment also demonstrates efficacy in human primary monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Additionally, DENV infection induces expression of AAK1 transcripts, but not GAK, via single-cell transcriptomics, and these kinases are important molecular targets underlying the anti-DENV effect of sunitinib and erlotinib. Lastly, sunitinib/erlotinib combination alters inflammatory cytokine responses in DENV-infected mice. These findings support feasibility of repurposing sunitinib/erlotinib combination as a host-targeted antiviral approach and contribute to understanding its mechanism of antiviral action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yuan Pu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stanford Schor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elena Bekerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rina Barouch-Bentov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claude M Nagamine
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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60
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Vogt MB, Lahon A, Arya RP, Kneubehl AR, Spencer Clinton JL, Paust S, Rico-Hesse R. Mosquito saliva alone has profound effects on the human immune system. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006439. [PMID: 29771921 PMCID: PMC5957326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito saliva is a very complex concoction of >100 proteins, many of which have unknown functions. The effects of mosquito saliva proteins injected into our skin during blood feeding have been studied mainly in mouse models of injection or biting, with many of these systems producing results that may not be relevant to human disease. Here, we describe the numerous effects that mosquito bites have on human immune cells in mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells. We used flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine bead array assays, with detailed statistical analyses, to detect small but significant variations in immune cell functions after 4 mosquitoes fed on humanized mice footpads. After preliminary analyses, at different early times after biting, we focused on assessing innate immune and subsequent cellular responses at 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after mosquito bites. We detected both Th1 and Th2 human immune responses, and delayed effects on cytokine levels in the blood, and immune cell compositions in the skin and bone marrow, up to 7 days post-bites. These are the first measurements of this kind, with human immune responses in whole animals, bitten by living mosquitoes, versus previous studies using incomplete mouse models and salivary gland extracts or needle injected saliva. The results have major implications for the study of hematophagous insect saliva, its effects on the human immune system, with or without pathogen transmission, and the possibility of determining which of these proteins to target for vaccination, in attempts to block transmission of numerous tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Vogt
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ravi P. Arya
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Kneubehl
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Spencer Clinton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Rico-Hesse
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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61
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Gupta S, Agarwal A, Kumar A, Biswas D. Genome-Wide Analysis to Identify HLA Factors Potentially Associated With Severe Dengue. Front Immunol 2018; 9:728. [PMID: 29692780 PMCID: PMC5902865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), following dengue virus (DENV) infection, is a complex and poorly understood phenomenon. In view of the clinical need of identifying patients with higher likelihood of developing this severe outcome, we undertook a comparative genome-wide association analysis of epitope variants from sequences available in the ViPR database that have been reported to be differentially related to dengue fever and DHF. Having enumerated the incriminated epitope variants, we determined the corresponding HLA alleles in the context of which DENV infection could potentially precipitate DHF. Our analysis considered the development of DHF in three different perspectives: (a) as a consequence of primary DENV infection, (b) following secondary DENV infection with a heterologous serotype, (c) as a result of DENV infection following infection with related flaviviruses like Zika virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, etc. Subject to experimental validation, these viral and host markers would be valuable in triaging DENV-infected patients for closer supervision owing to the relatively higher risk of poor prognostic outcome and also for the judicious allocation of scarce institutional resources during large outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Gupta
- Regional Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Ankita Agarwal
- Regional Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Amod Kumar
- Regional Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Debasis Biswas
- Regional Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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Li P, Jin Y, Qi F, Wu F, Luo S, Cheng Y, Montgomery RR, Qian F. SIRT6 Acts as a Negative Regulator in Dengue Virus-Induced Inflammatory Response by Targeting the DNA Binding Domain of NF-κB p65. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:113. [PMID: 29686974 PMCID: PMC5900784 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne single-stranded RNA virus causing human disease with variable severity. The production of massive inflammatory cytokines in dengue patients has been associated with dengue disease severity. However, the regulation of these inflammatory responses remains unclear. In this study, we report that SIRT6 is a negative regulator of innate immune responses during DENV infection. Silencing of Sirt6 enhances DENV-induced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Overexpression of SIRT6 inhibits RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mediated NF-κB activation. The sirtuin core domain of SIRT6 is required for the inhibition of NF-κB p65 function. SIRT6 interacts with the DNA binding domain of p65 and competes with p65 to occupy the Il6 promoter during DENV infection. Collectively, our study demonstrates that SIRT6 negatively regulates DENV-induced inflammatory response via RLR and TLR3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyi Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susu Luo
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjiu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Program on Human Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Feng Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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63
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Experimental in vitro and in vivo systems for studying the innate immune response during dengue virus infections. Arch Virol 2018. [PMID: 29520688 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease in humans and leads to significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden in tropical and subtropical areas. Dengue is caused by infection with any of the four closely related serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) and usually manifests as a mild febrile illness, but may develop into fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. There are no specific antiviral therapies against dengue because understanding of DENV biology is limited. A tetravalent chimeric dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, has finally been licensed for use, but its efficacy was significantly lower against DENV-2 infections and in dengue-naïve individuals. The identification of mechanisms underlying the interactions between DENV and immune responses will help to determine efficient therapeutic and preventive options. It has been well established how the innate immune system responds to DENV infection and how DENV overcomes innate antiviral defenses, however further progress in this field remains hampered by the absence of appropriate experimental dengue models. Herein, we review the available in vitro and in vivo approaches to study the innate immune responses to DENV.
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George J, Valiant WG, Mattapallil MJ, Walker M, Huang YJS, Vanlandingham DL, Misamore J, Greenhouse J, Weiss DE, Verthelyi D, Higgs S, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Mattapallil JJ. Prior Exposure to Zika Virus Significantly Enhances Peak Dengue-2 Viremia in Rhesus Macaques. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10498. [PMID: 28874759 PMCID: PMC5585353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional homologies between the Zika and Dengue viruses’ envelope proteins raise the possibility that cross-reactive antibodies induced following Zika virus infection might enhance subsequent Dengue infection. Using the rhesus macaque model we show that prior infection with Zika virus leads to a significant enhancement of Dengue-2 viremia that is accompanied by neutropenia, lympocytosis, hyperglycemia, and higher reticulocyte counts, along with the activation of pro-inflammatory monocyte subsets and release of inflammatory mediators. Zika virus infection induced detectable Dengue cross-reactive serum IgG responses that significantly amplified after Dengue-2 virus infection. Serum from Zika virus immune animals collected prior to Dengue-2 infection showed significant capacity for in vitro antibody dependent enhancement of Dengue-1, 2, 3 and 4 serotypes suggesting that pre-existing immunity to Zika virus could potentially enhance infection by heterologous Dengue serotypes. Our results provide first in vivo evidence that prior exposure to Zika virus infection can enhance Dengue infection, which has implications for understanding pathogenesis and the development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffy George
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | - Mary J Mattapallil
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Yan-Jang S Huang
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Dana L Vanlandingham
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Higgs
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Dengue Virus-Infected Dendritic Cells, but Not Monocytes, Activate Natural Killer Cells through a Contact-Dependent Mechanism Involving Adhesion Molecules. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00741-17. [PMID: 28765218 PMCID: PMC5539423 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00741-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a protective role against dengue virus (DENV) infection, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Using an optimized humanized mouse model, we show that human NK cells, through the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), are critical in the early defense against DENV infection. Depletion of NK cells or neutralization of IFN-γ leads to increased viremia and more severe thrombocytopenia and liver damage in humanized mice. In vitro studies using autologous human NK cells show that DENV-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), but not monocytes, activate NK cells in a contact-dependent manner, resulting in upregulation of CD69 and CD25 and secretion of IFN-γ. Blocking adhesion molecules (LFA-1, DNAM-1, CD2, and 2β4) on NK cells abolishes NK cell activation, IFN-γ secretion, and the control of DENV replication. NK cells activated by infected MDDCs also inhibit DENV infection in monocytes. These findings show the essential role of human NK cells in protection against acute DENV infection in vivo, identify adhesion molecules and dendritic cells required for NK cell activation, and delineate the sequence of events for NK cell activation and protection against DENV infection. Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted viral disease with a range of symptoms, from mild fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever. The diverse disease manifestation is thought to result from a complex interplay between viral and host factors. Using mice engrafted with a human immune system, we show that human NK cells inhibit virus infection through secretion of the cytokine gamma interferon and reduce disease pathogenesis, including depletion of platelets and liver damage. During a natural infection, DENV initially infects dendritic cells in the skin. We find that NK cells interact with infected dendritic cells through physical contact mediated by adhesion molecules and become activated before they can control virus infection. These results show a critical role of human NK cells in controlling DENV infection in vivo and reveal the sequence of molecular and cellular events that activate NK cells to control dengue virus infection.
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Aloia AL, Calvert JK, Clarke JN, Davies LT, Helbig KJ, Pitson SM, Carr JM. Investigation of sphingosine kinase 1 in interferon responses during dengue virus infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e151. [PMID: 28791126 PMCID: PMC5539417 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) regulates sphingosine kinase (SK)-1 activity and chemical inhibition of SK1 reduces DENV infection. In primary murine embryonic fibroblasts (pMEFs) lacking SK1 however, DENV infection is enhanced and this is associated with induction of normal levels of interferon beta (IFN-β) but reduced levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). We have further investigated this link between SK1 and type I IFN responses. DENV infection downregulates cell-surface IFN-alpha receptor (IFNAR)1 in both wild-type (WT) and SK1-/- pMEF, but, consistent with poor ISG responses, shows reduced induction of phosphorylated (p)-STAT1 and key IFN regulatory factors (IRF)1 and -7 in SK1-/- pMEF. Direct IFN stimulation induced ISGs (viperin, IFIT1), CXCL10, IRF1 and -7 and p-STAT1. Responses, however, were significantly reduced in SK1-/- pMEF, except for IFN-stimulated CXCL10 and IRF7. Poor IFN responses in SK1-/- pMEF were associated with a small reduction in basal cell-surface IFNAR1 and IRF1 mRNA in uninfected SK1-/- compared with WT pMEF. In contrast, treatment of cells with the SK1 inhibitor, SK1-I or expression of an inhibitory SK1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), both of which reduce DENV infection, does not alter basal IRF1 mRNA or affect type I IFN stimulation of p-STAT1. Thus, cells genetically lacking SK1 can induce many responses normally following DENV infection, but have adaptive changes in IFNAR1 and IRF1 that compromise DENV-induced type I IFN responses. This suggests a biological link between SK1 and IFN-stimulated pathways. Other approaches to reduce SK1 activity, however, do not influence these important antiviral pathways but reduce infection and may be useful antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Aloia
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie K Calvert
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer N Clarke
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lorena T Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jillian M Carr
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Tramontini Gomes de Sousa Cardozo F, Baimukanova G, Lanteri MC, Keating SM, Moraes Ferreira F, Heitman J, Pannuti CS, Pati S, Romano CM, Cerdeira Sabino E. Serum from dengue virus-infected patients with and without plasma leakage differentially affects endothelial cells barrier function in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178820. [PMID: 28586397 PMCID: PMC5460851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although most of cases of dengue infections are asymptomatic or mild symptomatic some individuals present warning signs progressing to severe dengue in which plasma leakage is a hallmark. Methodology/Principal findings The present study used Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS®) which allows for electrical monitoring of cellular barrier function measuring changes in Transendothelial Electric Resistance (TEER) to investigate the parameters associated with dengue induced leakage. Three groups of individuals were tested: dengue-positives with plasma leakage (leakage), dengue-positives without plasma leakage (no leakage), and dengue-negatives (control). Data show that TEER values of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was significantly lower after incubation with serum from subjects of the leakage group in comparison to the no leakage or control groups. The serum levels of CXCL1, EGF, eotaxin, IFN-γ, sCD40L, and platelets were significantly decreased in the leakage group, while IL-10, IL-6, and IP-10 levels were significantly increased. We also found a strong correlation between TEER values and augmented levels of IP-10, GM-CSF, IL-1α, and IL-8, as well as decreased levels of CXCL1 and platelets. Conclusions/Significance The present work shows that the magnitude of the immune response contributes to the adverse plasma leakage outcomes in patients and that serum components are important mediators of changes in endothelial homeostasis during dengue infections. In particular, the increased levels of IP-10 and the decreased levels of CXCL1 and platelets seem to play a significant role in the disruption of vascular endothelium associated with leakage outcomes after DENV infection. These findings may have important implications for both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to predict and mitigate vascular permeabilization in those experiencing the most severe clinical disease outcomes after dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyulnar Baimukanova
- Blood Systems Research Institute, BSRI, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Marion Christine Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research Institute, BSRI, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Sheila Marie Keating
- Blood Systems Research Institute, BSRI, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Frederico Moraes Ferreira
- University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Division of Immunology - Heart Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Heitman
- Blood Systems Research Institute, BSRI, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Cláudio Sérgio Pannuti
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shibani Pati
- Blood Systems Research Institute, BSRI, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ruiz Silva M, Aguilar Briseño JA, Upasani V, van der Ende-Metselaar H, Smit JM, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA. Suppression of chikungunya virus replication and differential innate responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells during co-infection with dengue virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005712. [PMID: 28644900 PMCID: PMC5500378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya are viral diseases transmitted to humans by infected Aedes spp. mosquitoes. With an estimated 390 million infected people per year dengue virus (DENV) currently causes the most prevalent arboviral disease. During the last decade chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused large outbreaks and has expanded its territory causing millions of cases in Asia, Africa and America. The viruses share a common mosquito vector and during the acute phase cause similar flu-like symptoms that can proceed to more severe or debilitating symptoms. The growing overlap in the geographical distribution of these mosquito-borne infections has led to an upsurge in reported cases of DENV/CHIKV co-infections. Unfortunately, at present we have little understanding of consequences of the co-infections to the human host. The overall aim of this study was to define viral replication dynamics and the innate immune signature involved in concurrent DENV and CHIKV infections in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We demonstrate that concomitant infection resulted in a significant reduction of CHIKV progeny and moderate enhancement of DENV production. Remarkably, the inhibitory effect of DENV on CHIKV infection occurred independently of DENV replication. Furthermore, changes in type I IFN, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1 and IP-10 production were observed during concomitant infections. Notably, co-infections led to a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, cytokines that are widely considered to play a crucial role in the early pathogenesis of both viral diseases. In conclusion, our study reveals the interplay of DENV/CHIKV during concomitant infection and provides a framework to investigate viral interaction during co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ruiz Silva
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - José A. Aguilar Briseño
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinit Upasani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi van der Ende-Metselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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69
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N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Blockade Prevents Neuronal Death Induced by Zika Virus Infection. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00350-17. [PMID: 28442607 PMCID: PMC5405231 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00350-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global health emergency that causes significant neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative processes may be exacerbated by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent neuronal excitoxicity. Here, we have exploited the hypothesis that ZIKV-induced neurodegeneration can be rescued by blocking NMDA overstimulation with memantine. Our results show that ZIKV actively replicates in primary neurons and that virus replication is directly associated with massive neuronal cell death. Interestingly, treatment with memantine or other NMDAR blockers, including dizocilpine (MK-801), agmatine sulfate, or ifenprodil, prevents neuronal death without interfering with the ability of ZIKV to replicate in these cells. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrate that therapeutic memantine treatment prevents the increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by infection and massively reduces neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the brain of infected mice. Our results indicate that the blockade of NMDARs by memantine provides potent neuroprotective effects against ZIKV-induced neuronal damage, suggesting it could be a viable treatment for patients at risk for ZIKV infection-induced neurodegeneration. Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global health emergency associated with serious neurological complications, including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Infection of experimental animals with ZIKV causes significant neuronal damage and microgliosis. Treatment with drugs that block NMDARs prevented neuronal damage both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that overactivation of NMDARs contributes significantly to the neuronal damage induced by ZIKV infection, and this is amenable to inhibition by drug treatment.
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70
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Kayesh MEH, Kitab B, Sanada T, Hayasaka D, Morita K, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Susceptibility and initial immune response of Tupaia belangeri cells to dengue virus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 51:203-210. [PMID: 28392469 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an emerging disease of great public health significance worldwide. The lack of a suitable infection model has hampered dengue virus (DENV) pathogenesis study, and developing a suitable small animal model has been a long-standing challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a feasible experimental model of DENV infection using Tupaia belangeri. The susceptibility of tupaia to DENV infection and characteristics of its innate immune response were examined in vitro. We found that tupaia fibroblast cells support replication of DENV serotypes 1-4 with a linear increase in viral load 24-96h post-infection in both cells and culture supernatants. DENV-2 resulted in the highest viral growth among all serotypes. To characterize the innate immune response in tupaia cells during the early phase of DENV infection, we first evaluated the evolutionary relationship between tupaia Toll-like receptors (TLR1-9) and those of other mammalian species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that tupaia TLRs are evolutionarily much closer to human than they are to rodent. We next established an innate immune response measurement system by assessing the mRNA expression of TLR1-9 and four cytokines in DENV-infected tupaia cells. All serotypes induced the upregulation of TLR8 mRNA expression in infected tupaia cells. Silencing of TLR8 led to an increase in viral replication, indicating the existence of antiviral response through TLR8 on DENV infection. Although upregulation of IFN-β and IL-6 expression was only observed in DENV-1 infected cells and a significant suppression of TNF-α was observed in DENV-2 infected cells alone, IL-8 was upregulated in all DENV-1-4. Thus, this study demonstrates for the first time the susceptibility of tupaia cells to DENV infections and the role of TLR8 in the anti-viral response of tupaia cells to DENV. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of tupaia as a model for DENV research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Bouchra Kitab
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sanada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | | | - Kouichi Morita
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Santos ACMD, de Moura EL, Ferreira JM, Santos BRCD, Alves VDM, de Farias KF, de Souza Figueiredo EVM. Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between TNF-α (−308G/A) and IL-10 (−819C/T) Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Dengue. Immunol Invest 2016; 46:201-220. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1248560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline Melo dos Santos
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Expression, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Edilson Leite de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Expression, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Jean Moisés Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Expression, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karol Fireman de Farias
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Expression, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Elaine Virgínia Martins de Souza Figueiredo
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Expression, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
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Je S, Bae W, Kim J, Seok SH, Hwang ES. Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors of Dengue Infection in Korean Travelers. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1863-1873. [PMID: 27822922 PMCID: PMC5102847 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.12.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue viral infection has rapidly spread around the world in recent decades. In Korea, autochthonous cases of dengue fever have not been confirmed yet. However, imported dengue cases have been increased since 2001. The risk of developing severe dengue in Korean has been increased by the accumulation of past-infected persons with residual antibodies to dengue virus and the remarkable growth of traveling to endemic countries in Southeast Asia. Notably, most of imported dengue cases were identified from July to December, suggesting that traveling during rainy season of Southeast Asia is considered a risk factor for dengue infection. Analyzing national surveillance data from 2011 to 2015, males aged 20-29 years are considered as the highest risk group. But considering the age and gender distribution of travelers, age groups 10-49 except 20-29 years old males have similar risks for infection. To minimize a risk of dengue fever and severe dengue, travelers should consider regional and seasonal dengue situation. It is recommended to prevent from mosquito bites or to abstain from repetitive visit to endemic countries. In addition, more active surveillance system and monitoring the prevalence asymptomatic infection and virus serotypes are required to prevent severe dengue and indigenous dengue outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmo Je
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonjun Bae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Soo Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
All cells possess signaling pathways designed to trigger antiviral responses, notably characterized by type I interferon (IFN) production, upon recognition of invading viruses. Especially, host sensors recognize viral nucleic acids. Nonetheless, virtually all viruses have evolved potent strategies that preclude host responses within the infected cells. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) is an immune cell type known as a robust type I IFN producer in response to viral infection. Evidence suggests that such functionality of the pDCs participates in viral clearance. Nonetheless, their contribution, which is likely complex and varies depending on the pathogen, is still enigmatic for many viruses. pDCs are not permissive to most viral infections, and consistently, recent examples suggest that pDCs respond to immunostimulatory viral RNA transferred via noninfectious and/or noncanonical viral/cellular carriers. Therefore, the pDC response likely bypasses innate signaling blockages induced by virus within infected cells. Importantly, the requirement for cell-cell contact is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of the pDC-mediated antiviral state, triggered by evolutionarily divergent RNA viruses.
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Torres S, Flipse J, Upasani VC, van der Ende-Metselaar H, Urcuqui-Inchima S, Smit JM, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA. Altered immune response of immature dendritic cells following dengue virus infection in the presence of specific antibodies. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1584-1591. [PMID: 27121645 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) replication is known to prevent maturation of infected dendritic cells (DCs) thereby impeding the development of adequate immunity. During secondary DENV infection, dengue-specific antibodies can suppress DENV replication in immature DCs (immDCs), however how dengue-antibody complexes (DENV-IC) influence the phenotype of DCs remains elusive. Here, we evaluated the maturation state and cytokine profile of immDCs exposed to DENV-ICs. Indeed, DENV infection of immDCs in the absence of antibodies was hallmarked by blunted upregulation of CD83, CD86 and the major histocompatibility complex molecule HLA-DR. In contrast, DENV infection in the presence of neutralizing antibodies triggered full DC maturation and induced a balanced inflammatory cytokine response. Moreover, DENV infection under non-neutralizing conditions prompted upregulation of CD83 and CD86 but not HLA-DR, and triggered production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The effect of DENV-IC was found to be dependent on the engagement of FcγRIIa. Altogether, our data show that the presence of DENV-IC alters the phenotype and cytokine profile of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torres
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jacky Flipse
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinit C Upasani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi van der Ende-Metselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jolanda M Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Izabela A Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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75
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Zhao L, Huang X, Hong W, Qiu S, Wang J, Yu L, Zeng Y, Tan X, Zhang F. Slow resolution of inflammation in severe adult dengue patients. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:291. [PMID: 27301555 PMCID: PMC4908683 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of severe dengue has not been fully elucidated. The inflammatory response plays a critical role in the outcome of dengue disease. METHODS In this study, we investigated the levels of 17 important inflammation mediators in plasma collected from mild or severe adult dengue patients at different time points to understand the contribution of inflammation to disease severity and to seek experimental evidence to optimize the existing clinical treatment strategies. Patients were simply classified as mild and severe dengue according to the 2009 WHO classification. Plasma was collected on day 3-5, 6-7, 8-10 and 14-17 of illness. Levels of 17 inflammation mediators including TNF-α, IL-1α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IFN-α, MIF, IL-10, IL-1RA, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, RANTES, GRO, eotaxin-1, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were determined by a multiplex Luminex® system. Different trends of inflammation mediators throughout the disease were compared between mild and severe patients. RESULTS Inflammation mediators including IL-1α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1 and sVCAM-1 displayed significant differences on day 8-10 of illness between mild and severe dengue patients. Their concentrations were higher in severe patients than mild ones at the same time points. Moreover, those cytokines decreased gradually in mild patients but not in severe patients. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the coexistence of excessive inflammatory response and slow resolution of inflammation in severe adult dengue patients. Hence suppression and/or pro-resolution of inflammation could be a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhai Zhao
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiuyan Huang
- Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Wenxin Hong
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yaoying Zeng
- Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Xinghua Tan
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
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76
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Vitamin D-Regulated MicroRNAs: Are They Protective Factors against Dengue Virus Infection? Adv Virol 2016; 2016:1016840. [PMID: 27293435 PMCID: PMC4879221 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1016840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, an increasing body of evidence has highlighted the critical participation of vitamin D in the regulation of proinflammatory responses and protection against many infectious pathogens, including viruses. The activity of vitamin D is associated with microRNAs, which are fine tuners of immune activation pathways and provide novel mechanisms to avoid the damage that arises from excessive inflammatory responses. Severe symptoms of an ongoing dengue virus infection and disease are strongly related to highly altered production of proinflammatory mediators, suggesting impairment in homeostatic mechanisms that control the host's immune response. Here, we discuss the possible implications of emerging studies anticipating the biological effects of vitamin D and microRNAs during the inflammatory response, and we attempt to extrapolate these findings to dengue virus infection and to their potential use for disease management strategies.
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77
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Iani FCDM, Caldas S, Duarte MM, Cury ALF, Cecílio AB, Costa PAC, Antonelli LR, Gollob KJ. Dengue Patients with Early Hemorrhagic Manifestations Lose Coordinate Expression of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-10 with the Inflammatory Cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:193-200. [PMID: 27139443 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe cases. The alteration of cytokine levels correlated with clinical characteristics can help determine prognostic markers of the disease and the identification of targets for immunotherapy. We measured the viral load, serotype, and cytokine levels of 212 serum samples from patients with acute dengue infection during days 1-4 after the onset of symptoms. The patients were classified as either with hemorrhagic manifestations (HM) or with no hemorrhagic manifestations (NHM). The cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 were increased (P < 0.05) in the dengue virus+ group, compared with the control group. A higher viral load (P < 0.05) and IL-6 was detected in the HM group compared with the NHM group. Interestingly, the NHM group demonstrated a significant positive correlation between inflammatory (IL-6 and 8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, whereas the HM group did not. These findings suggest that a disturbance in the balance of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 with the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, combined with the high levels of IL-6 and viral load, characterize possible mechanisms related to the formation of HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Divisão de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças/Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Biomedicina, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Caldas
- Divisão de Plataformas Tecnológicas/Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Myrian Morato Duarte
- Divisão de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças/Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Furtado Cury
- Divisão de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças/Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alzira Batista Cecílio
- Divisão de Plataformas Tecnológicas/Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lis R Antonelli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Gollob
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Biomedicina, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Institutos Nacionais de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mario Penna, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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78
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Opportunities for the development of novel therapies based on host-microbial interactions. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:68-83. [PMID: 27107789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses are fundamental for protecting against most infectious agents. However, there is now much evidence to suggest that the pathogenesis and tissue damage after infection are not usually related to the direct action of the replication of microorganisms, but instead to altered immune responses triggered after the contact with the pathogen. This review article discusses several mechanisms necessary for the host to protect against microbial infection and focuses in aspects that cause altered inflammation and drive immunopathology. These basic findings can ultimately reveal pathways amenable to host-directed therapy in adjunct to antimicrobial therapy for future improved control measures for many infectious diseases. Therefore, modulating the effects of inflammatory pathways may represent a new therapy during infection outcome and disease.
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79
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Pagliari C, Simões Quaresma JA, Kanashiro-Galo L, de Carvalho LV, Vitoria WO, da Silva WLF, Penny R, Vasconcelos BCB, da Costa Vasconcelos PF, Duarte MIS. Human kidney damage in fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever results of glomeruli injury mainly induced by IL17. J Clin Virol 2016; 75:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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80
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Osorio JE, Partidos CD, Wallace D, Stinchcomb DT. Development of a recombinant, chimeric tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2015; 33:7112-20. [PMID: 26585500 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a significant threat to public health worldwide. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines available for dengue. Takeda Vaccines Inc. is developing a live, attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TDV) that consists of an attenuated DENV-2 strain (TDV-2) and three chimeric viruses containing the prM and E protein genes of DENV-1, -3 and -4 expressed in the context of the attenuated TDV-2 genome backbone (TDV-1, TDV-3, and TDV-4, respectively). TDV has been shown to be immunogenic and efficacious in nonclinical animal models. In interferon-receptor deficient mice, the vaccine induces humoral neutralizing antibody responses and cellular immune responses that are sufficient to protect from lethal challenge with DENV-1, DENV-2 or DENV-4. In non-human primates, administration of TDV induces innate immune responses as well as long lasting antibody and cellular immunity. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the safety and immunogenicity of two different formulations were assessed after intradermal or subcutaneous administration to healthy, flavivirus-naïve adults. TDV administration was generally well-tolerated independent of dose and route. The vaccine induced neutralizing antibody responses to all four DENV serotypes: after a single administration of the higher formulation, 24-67%% of the subjects seroconverted to all four DENV and >80% seroconverted to three or more viruses. In addition, TDV induced CD8(+) T cell responses to the non-structural NS1, NS3 and NS5 proteins of DENV. TDV has been also shown to be generally well tolerated and immunogenic in a Phase 2 clinical trial in dengue endemic countries in adults and children as young as 18 months. Additional clinical studies are ongoing in preparation for a Phase 3 safety and efficacy study.
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81
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Vanheule V, Vervaeke P, Mortier A, Noppen S, Gouwy M, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Van Damme J, Liekens S, Proost P. Basic chemokine-derived glycosaminoglycan binding peptides exert antiviral properties against dengue virus serotype 2, herpes simplex virus-1 and respiratory syncytial virus. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 100:73-85. [PMID: 26551597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines attract leukocytes to sites of infection in a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) dependent manner. Therefore, chemokines are crucial molecules for proper functioning of our antimicrobial defense mechanisms. In addition, some chemokines have GPCR-independent defensin-like antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi. Recently, high affinity for GAGs has been reported for the positively charged COOH-terminal region of the chemokine CXCL9. In addition to CXCL9, also CXCL12γ has such a positively charged COOH-terminal region with about 50% positively charged amino acids. In this report, we compared the affinity of COOH-terminal peptides of CXCL9 and CXCL12γ for GAGs and KD values in the low nM range were detected. Several enveloped viruses such as herpesviruses, hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dengue virus (DENV), etc. are known to bind to GAGs such as the negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS). In this way GAGs are important for the initial contacts between viruses and host cells and for the infection of the cell. Thus, inhibiting the virus-cell interactions, by blocking GAG-binding sites on the host cell, might be a way to target multiple virus families and resistant strains. This article reports that the COOH-terminal peptides of CXCL9 and CXCL12γ have antiviral activity against DENV serotype 2, clinical and laboratory strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Moreover, we show that CXCL9(74-103) competes with DENV envelope protein domain III for binding to heparin. These short chemokine-derived peptides may be lead molecules for the development of novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vanheule
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Vervaeke
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen Mortier
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sam Noppen
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robert Snoeck
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Graciela Andrei
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jo Van Damme
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Liekens
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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82
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Dengue Virus-Induced Inflammation of the Endothelium and the Potential Roles of Sphingosine Kinase-1 and MicroRNAs. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:509306. [PMID: 26609198 PMCID: PMC4644833 DOI: 10.1155/2015/509306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main pathogenic effects of severe dengue virus (DENV) infection is a vascular leak syndrome. There are no available antivirals or specific DENV treatments and without hospital support severe DENV infection can be life-threatening. The cause of the vascular leakage is permeability changes in the endothelial cells lining the vasculature that are brought about by elevated vasoactive cytokine and chemokines induced following DENV infection. The source of these altered cytokine and chemokines is traditionally believed to be from DENV-infected cells such as monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells. Herein we discuss the evidence for the endothelium as an additional contributor to inflammatory and innate responses during DENV infection which may affect endothelial cell function, in particular the ability to maintain vascular integrity. Furthermore, we hypothesise roles for two factors, sphingosine kinase-1 and microRNAs (miRNAs), with a focus on several candidate miRNAs, which are known to control normal vascular function and inflammatory responses. Both of these factors may be potential therapeutic targets to regulate inflammation of the endothelium during DENV infection.
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83
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Higher levels of dengue-virus-specific IgG and IgA during pre-defervescence associated with primary dengue hemorrhagic fever. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2435-43. [PMID: 26175069 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), although predominantly associated with secondary infections, has also been reported in primary infections. An enhanced immune response including antibodies and cytokines is implicated in the pathogenesis of secondary DHF. However, the factors operating in primary DHF are poorly understood. To understand the role of the antibody response, the relative levels of different antibody isotypes during the acute phase of infection in primary and secondary dengue infections were determined. Levels of DENV-specific IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE were measured in the serum samples of 200 dengue patients and 20 dengue-naïve individuals. Samples were collected within 15 days of onset of illness. The DENV-specific IgM levels were significantly higher in DF cases compared to DHF, which was more evident in secondary infections and in post-defervescence samples. The levels of IgG, IgA and IgE were higher in DHF cases, with greater significance in primary infections. A higher level of IgG in DHF cases was evident in pre-defervescence samples, whilst the IgE level was higher in pre- and post-defervescence samples. There was a significant correlation of IgG titres with platelet counts, with higher titres associated with lower platelet counts. It is speculated that IgG, IgA and IgE produced in response to primary infections may contribute to pathogenesis, whilst IgM produced in response to secondary infections may protect against progression to severe disease.
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84
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Callaway JB, Smith SA, McKinnon KP, de Silva AM, Crowe JE, Ting JPY. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk) Mediates IL-1β Induction by Primary Human Monocytes during Antibody-enhanced Dengue Virus Infection. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17306-20. [PMID: 26032420 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.664136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 500,000 people are hospitalized with severe dengue illness annually. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection is believed to contribute to the pathogenic cytokine storm described in severe dengue patients, but the precise signaling pathways contributing to elevated cytokine production are not elucidated. IL-1β is a potent inflammatory cytokine that is frequently elevated during severe dengue, and the unique dual regulation of IL-1β provides an informative model to study ADE-induced cytokines. This work utilizes patient-derived anti-DENV mAbs and primary human monocytes to study ADE-induced IL-1β and other cytokines. ADE of DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) elevates mature IL-1β secretion by monocytes independent of DENV replication by 4 h postinoculation (hpi). Prior to this, DENV immune complexes activate spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) within 1 hpi. Syk induces elevated IL1B, TNF, and IL6 mRNA by 2 hpi. Syk mediates elevated IL-1β secretion by activating ERK1/2, and both Syk and ERK1/2 inhibitors ablated ADE-induced IL-1β secretion. Maturation of pro-IL-1β during ADE requires caspase-1 and NLRP3, but caspase-1 is suboptimally increased by ADE and can be significantly enhanced by a typical inflammasome agonist, ATP. Importantly, this inflammatory Syk-ERK signaling axis requires DENV immune complexes, because DENV-2 in the presence of serotype-matched anti-DENV-2 mAb, but not anti-DENV-1 mAb, activates Syk, ERK, and IL-1β secretion. This study provides evidence that DENV-2 immune complexes activate Syk to mediate elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines. Syk and ERK may serve as new therapeutic targets for interfering with ADE-induced cytokine expression during severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Callaway
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Scott A Smith
- the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and the Departments of Medicine
| | | | | | - James E Crowe
- the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, and Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 and
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85
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Normal free interleukin-18 (IL-18) plasma levels in dengue virus infection and the need to measure both total IL-18 and IL-18 binding protein levels. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2015; 22:650-5. [PMID: 25878254 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00147-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes that produce a cytokine storm are assumed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of dengue. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is increased during dengue and known to induce gamma interferon (IFN-γ), which is crucial for dengue immune response. No data are available regarding the balance between IL-18 and its natural inhibitor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and how they interact within the inflammatory reaction of patients with dengue virus infections. Circulating levels of IL-18; IL-18BP; free, biologically active IL-18; the IL-18-dependent proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ; monocyte-derived cytokines; and ferritin were assessed in adult Indonesian dengue patients (n = 95). Healthy individuals (n = 22) and leptospirosis (n = 19) and enteric fever (n = 6) patients served as controls. Total IL-18 levels were increased during dengue, leptospirosis, and enteric fever compared to healthy controls. However, due to a concurrent increase in IL-18BP levels, biologically active IL-18 levels remained similar in the different phases of dengue and in patients with leptospirosis. Biologically active IL-18 levels were also similar in patients with severe and nonsevere dengue. In conclusion, high total IL-18 and IL-18BP levels concur in dengue virus infections, leptospirosis, and enteric fever. This resulted in unchanged levels of free, biologically active IL-18 in dengue and leptospirosis, which underlines the importance of measuring both IL-18 and IL-18BP when studying the role of IL-18 in diseases.
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86
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Abstract
Many of the viral pathogens that cause infectious diseases in humans have a highly restricted species tropism, making the study of their pathogenesis and the development of clinical therapies difficult. The improvement of humanized mouse models over the past 30 years has greatly facilitated researchers' abilities to study host responses to viral infections in a cost effective and ethical manner. From HIV to hepatotropic viruses to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, humanized mice have led to the identification of factors crucial to the viral life cycle, served as an outlet for testing candidate therapies, and improved our abilities to analyze human immune responses to infection. In tackling both new and old viruses as they emerge, humanized mice will continue to be an indispensable tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA.
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87
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Khunchai S, Junking M, Suttitheptumrong A, Kooptiwut S, Haegeman G, Limjindaporn T, Yenchitsomanus PT. NF-κB is required for dengue virus NS5-induced RANTES expression. Virus Res 2014; 197:92-100. [PMID: 25523420 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection associates with renal disorders. Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever and acute kidney injury have a high mortality rate. Increased levels of cytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of DENV-induced kidney injury. Currently, molecular mechanisms how DENV induces kidney cell injury has not been thoroughly investigated. Excessive cytokine production may be involved in this process. Using human cytokine RT(2) Profiler PCR array, 14 genes including IP-10, RANTES, IL-8, CXCL-9 and MIP-1β were up-regulated more than 2 folds in DENV-infected HEK 293 cells compared to that of mock-infected HEK 293 cells. In the present study, RANTES was suppressed by the NF-κB inhibitor, compound A (CpdA), in DENV-infected HEK 293 cells implying the role of NF-κB in RANTES expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that NF-κB binds more efficiently to its binding sites on the RANTES promoter in NS5-transfected HEK 293 cells than in HEK 293 cells expressing the vector lacking NS5 gene. To further examine whether the NS5-activated RANTES promoter is mediated through NF-κB, the two NF-κB binding sites on the RANTES promoter were mutated and this promoter was coupled to the luciferase cDNA. The result showed that when both binding sites of NF-κB in the RANTES promoter were mutated, the ability of NS5 to induce the luciferase activity was significantly decreased. Therefore, DENV NS5 activates RANTES production by increasing NF-κB binding to its binding sites on the RANTES promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Khunchai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand; Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Mutita Junking
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Aroonroong Suttitheptumrong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Suwattanee Kooptiwut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Guy Haegeman
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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P. vivax malaria and dengue fever co-infection: a cross-sectional study in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3239. [PMID: 25340346 PMCID: PMC4207662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria and dengue are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases worldwide and represent major public health problems. Both are endemic in tropical regions, propitiating co-infection. Only few co-infection cases have been reported around the world, with insufficient data so far to enhance the understanding of the effects of co-infection in the clinical presentation and severity. Methodology/Principal Findings A cross-sectional study was conducted (2009 to 2011) in hospitalized patients with acute febrile syndrome in the Brazilian Amazon. All patients were submitted to thick blood smear and PCR for Plasmodium sp. detection, ELISA, PCR and NS1 tests for dengue, viral hepatitis, HIV and leptospirosis. In total, 1,578 patients were recruited. Among them, 176 (11.1%) presented P. vivax malaria mono-infection, 584 (37%) dengue fever mono-infection, and 44 (2.8%) were co-infected. Co-infected patients had a higher chance of presenting severe disease (vs. dengue mono-infected), deep bleeding (vs. P. vivax mono-infected), hepatomegaly, and jaundice (vs. dengue mono-infected). Conclusions/Significance In endemic areas for dengue and malaria, jaundice (in dengue patients) and spontaneous bleeding (in malaria patients) should raise the suspicion of co-infection. Besides, whenever co-infection is confirmed, we recommend careful monitoring for bleeding and hepatic complications, which may result in a higher chance of severity, despite of the fact that no increased fatality rate was seen in this group. Malaria and dengue fever are typical diseases in tropical regions of developing countries; such as the Brazilian Amazon. They become serious problems in public health as they mostly affect vulnerable populations. Both diseases are mosquito-borne. These diseases present similar signs and symptoms. Brazil registers most of the malaria cases in the Amazon. The four dengue serotypes also circulate in this region. Similar to malaria, there are records of dengue outbreaks during the first months of the year, and isolated cases in the remaining months. Official records of malaria and dengue co-infection are infrequent in Brazil; however, we believe that this event is more frequent than usually reported. Our study detected high prevalence of the co-infection in the hospitalized patients infected with malaria or dengue in a tertiary health care unit, reference in the treatment of tropical and infectious diseases in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. We highlight the high likelihood of co-infected patients to present clinical complications. Besides, we observed that the presence of jaundice in dengue patients, and bleeding in malaria patients, are possible indications of co-infection. Therefore, this paper is useful to physicians working in the tropics, enabling the clinical suspicion of a not so rare condition.
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Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an emerging mosquito-borne human pathogen that affects millions of individuals each year by causing severe and potentially fatal syndromes. Despite intense research efforts, no approved vaccine or antiviral therapy is yet available. Overcoming this limitation requires detailed understanding of the intimate relationship between the virus and its host cell, providing the basis to devise optimal prophylactic and therapeutic treatment options. With the advent of novel high-throughput technologies including functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics, new important insights into the DENV replication cycle and the interaction of this virus with its host cell have been obtained. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current status of the DENV research field, covering every step of the viral replication cycle with a particular focus on virus-host cell interaction. We will also review specific chemical inhibitors targeting cellular factors and processes of relevance for the DENV replication cycle and their possible exploitation for the development of next generation antivirals.
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90
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Fraser JE, Watanabe S, Wang C, Chan WKK, Maher B, Lopez-Denman A, Hick C, Wagstaff KM, Mackenzie JM, Sexton PM, Vasudevan SG, Jans DA. A nuclear transport inhibitor that modulates the unfolded protein response and provides in vivo protection against lethal dengue virus infection. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1780-91. [PMID: 24903662 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is estimated to cause 390 million infections each year, but there is no licensed vaccine or therapeutic currently available. METHODS We describe a novel, high-throughput screen to identify compounds inhibiting the interaction between DENV nonstructural protein 5 and host nuclear transport proteins. We document the antiviral properties of a lead compound against all 4 serotypes of DENV, antibody-dependent enhanced (ADE) infection, and ex vivo and in vivo DENV infections. In addition, we use quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to examine cellular effects upon compound addition. RESULTS We identify N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) as effective in protecting against DENV-1-4 and DENV-1 ADE infections, with 50% effective concentrations in the low micromolar range. 4-HPR but not the closely related N-(4-methoxyphenyl) retinamide (4-MPR) could reduce viral RNA levels and titers when applied to an established infection. 4-HPR but not 4-MPR was found to specifically upregulate the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase arm of the unfolded protein response. Strikingly, 4-HPR but not 4-MPR restricted infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in a lethal ADE-infection mouse model. CONCLUSIONS 4-HPR is a novel antiviral that modulates the unfolded protein response, effective against DENV1-4 at concentrations achievable in the plasma in a clinical setting, and provides protection in a lethal mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Fraser
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | - Wing Ki Kitti Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Belinda Maher
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | - Adam Lopez-Denman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora
| | - Caroline Hick
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | | | - Patrick M Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - David A Jans
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
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91
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Póvoa TF, Alves AMB, Oliveira CAB, Nuovo GJ, Chagas VLA, Paes MV. The pathology of severe dengue in multiple organs of human fatal cases: histopathology, ultrastructure and virus replication. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83386. [PMID: 24736395 PMCID: PMC3987999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a public health problem, with several gaps in understanding its pathogenesis. Studies based on human fatal cases are extremely important and may clarify some of these gaps. In this work, we analyzed lesions in different organs of four dengue fatal cases, occurred in Brazil. Tissues were prepared for visualization in optical and electron microscopy, with damages quantification. As expected, we observed in all studied organ lesions characteristic of severe dengue, such as hemorrhage and edema, although other injuries were also detected. Cases presented necrotic areas in the liver and diffuse macro and microsteatosis, which were more accentuated in case 1, who also had obesity. The lung was the most affected organ, with hyaline membrane formation associated with mononuclear infiltrates in patients with pre-existing diseases such as diabetes and obesity (cases 1 and 2, respectively). These cases had also extensive acute tubular necrosis in the kidney. Infection induced destruction of cardiac fibers in most cases, with absence of nucleus and loss of striations, suggesting myocarditis. Spleens revealed significant destruction of the germinal centers and atrophy of lymphoid follicles, which may be associated to decrease of T cell number. Circulatory disturbs were reinforced by the presence of megakaryocytes in alveolar spaces, thrombus formation in glomerular capillaries and loss of endothelium in several tissues. Besides histopathological and ultrastructural observations, virus replication were investigated by detection of dengue antigens, especially the non-structural 3 protein (NS3), and confirmed by the presence of virus RNA negative strand (in situ hybridization), with second staining for identification of some cells. Results showed that dengue had broader tropism comparing to what was described before in literature, replicating in hepatocytes, type II pneumocytes and cardiac fibers, as well as in resident and circulating monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F. Póvoa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ada M. B. Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. B. Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée Guinle, Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerard J. Nuovo
- University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vera L. A. Chagas
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marciano V. Paes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Subversion of early innate antiviral responses during antibody-dependent enhancement of Dengue virus infection induces severe disease in immunocompetent mice. Med Microbiol Immunol 2014; 203:231-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-014-0334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Guabiraba R, Ryffel B. Dengue virus infection: current concepts in immune mechanisms and lessons from murine models. Immunology 2014; 141:143-56. [PMID: 24182427 PMCID: PMC3904235 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV), a group of four serologically distinct but related flaviviruses, are responsible for one of the most important emerging viral diseases. This mosquito-borne disease has a great impact in tropical and subtropical areas of the world in terms of illness, mortality and economic costs, mainly due to the lack of approved vaccine or antiviral drugs. Infections with one of the four serotypes of DENV (DENV-1-4) result in symptoms ranging from an acute, self-limiting febrile illness, dengue fever, to severe dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. We reviewed the existing mouse models of infection, including the DENV-2-adapted strain P23085. The role of CC chemokines, interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-22 and invariant natural killer T cells in mediating the exacerbation of disease in immune-competent mice is highlighted. Investigations in both immune-deficient and immune-competent mouse models of DENV infection may help to identify key host–pathogen factors and devise novel therapies to restrain the systemic and local inflammatory responses associated with severe DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Guabiraba
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
- Université d’Orléans and CNRS, UMR 7355 Molecular and Experimental Immunology and NeurogeneticsOrléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Université d’Orléans and CNRS, UMR 7355 Molecular and Experimental Immunology and NeurogeneticsOrléans, France
- IIDMM, UCTCape Town, South Africa
- Artimmune SASOrléans, France
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