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Schultz CR, Swanson MA, Dowling TC, Bachmann AS. Probenecid increases renal retention and antitumor activity of DFMO in neuroblastoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:607-617. [PMID: 34129075 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Interference with the polyamine biosynthesis pathway by inhibition of MYCN-activated ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a validated approach. The ODC inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, or Eflornithine) has been FDA-approved for the treatment of trypanosomiasis and hirsutism and has advanced to clinical cancer trials including NB as well as cancer-unrelated human diseases. One key challenge of DFMO is its rapid renal clearance and the need for high and frequent drug dosing during treatment. METHODS We performed in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK), antitumorigenic, and molecular studies with DFMO/probenecid using NB patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in mice. We used LC-MS/MS, HPLC, and immunoblotting to analyze blood, brain tissue, and PDX tumor tissue samples collected from mice. RESULTS The organic anion transport 1/3 (OAT 1/3) inhibitor probenecid reduces the renal clearance of DFMO and significantly increases the antitumor activity of DFMO in PDX of NB (P < 0.02). Excised tumors revealed that DFMO/probenecid treatment decreases polyamines putrescine and spermidine, reduces MYCN protein levels and dephosphorylates retinoblastoma (Rb) protein (p-RbSer795), suggesting DFMO/probenecid-induced cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION Addition of probenecid as an adjuvant to DFMO therapy may be suitable to decrease overall dose and improve drug efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave, NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Matthew A Swanson
- Shimadzu Core Laboratory for Academic and Research Excellence, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Thomas C Dowling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - André S Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave, NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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Bhatraju PK, Chai XY, Sathe NA, Ruzinski J, Siew ED, Himmelfarb J, Hoofnagle AN, Wurfel MM, Kestenbaum BR. Assessment of kidney proximal tubular secretion in critical illness. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145514. [PMID: 33886506 PMCID: PMC8262320 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSerum creatinine concentrations (SCrs) are used to determine the presence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI). SCr is primarily eliminated by glomerular filtration; however, most mechanisms of AKI in critical illness involve kidney proximal tubules, where tubular secretion occurs. Proximal tubular secretory clearance is not currently estimated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our objective was to estimate the kidney clearance of secretory solutes in critically ill adults.METHODSWe collected matched blood and spot urine samples from 170 ICU patients and from a comparison group of 70 adults with normal kidney function. We measured 7 endogenously produced secretory solutes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We computed a composite secretion score incorporating all 7 solutes and evaluated associations with 28-day major adverse kidney events (MAKE28), defined as doubling of SCr, dialysis dependence, or death.RESULTSThe urine-to-plasma ratios of 6 of 7 secretory solutes were lower in critically ill patients compared with healthy individuals after adjustment for SCr. The composite secretion score was moderately correlated with SCr and cystatin C (r = -0.51 and r = -0.53, respectively). Each SD higher composite secretion score was associated with a 25% lower risk of MAKE28 (95% CI 9% to 38% lower) independent of severity of illness, SCr, and tubular injury markers. Higher urine-to-plasma ratios of individual secretory solutes isovalerylglycine and tiglylglycine were associated with MAKE28 after accounting for multiple testing.CONCLUSIONAmong critically ill adults, tubular secretory clearance is associated with adverse outcomes, and its measurement could improve assessment of kidney function and dosing of essential ICU medications.FUNDINGGrants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK/NIH) K23DK116967, the University of Washington Diabetes Research Center P30DK017047, an unrestricted gift to the Kidney Research Institute from the Northwest Kidney Centers, and the Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center (NIDDK 5P30 DK114809-03). The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Bhatraju
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and.,Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xin-Ya Chai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and
| | - Neha A Sathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and
| | - John Ruzinski
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edward D Siew
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Integrated Program for AKI, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Tennessee Valley Health Services, Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark M Wurfel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and
| | - Bryan R Kestenbaum
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Asano S, Yoshitomo A, Hozuki S, Sato H, Kazuki Y, Hisaka A. A New Intestinal Model for Analysis of Drug Absorption and Interactions Considering Physiological Translocation of Contents. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:581-591. [PMID: 33962977 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise prediction of drug absorption is key to the success of new drug development and efficacious pharmacotherapy. In this study, we developed a new absorption model, the advanced translocation model (ATOM), by extending our previous model, the translocation model. ATOM reproduces the translocation of a substance in the intestinal lumen using a partial differential equation with variable dispersion and convection terms to describe natural flow and micromixing within the intestine under not only fasted but also fed conditions. In comparison with ATOM, it was suggested that a conventional absorption model, advanced compartmental absorption and transit model, tends to underestimate micromixing in the upper intestine, and it is difficult to adequately describe movements under the fasted and fed conditions. ATOM explains the observed nonlinear absorption of midazolam successfully, with a minimal number of scaling factors. Furthermore, ATOM considers the apical and basolateral membrane permeabilities of enterocytes separately and assumes compartmentation of the lamina propria, including blood vessels, to consider intestinal blood flow appropriately. ATOM estimates changes in the intestinal availability caused by drug interaction associated with inhibition of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in the intestine. Additionally, ATOM can estimate the drug absorption in the fed state considering delayed intestinal drug flow. Therefore, ATOM is a useful tool for the analysis of local pharmacokinetics in the gastrointestinal tract, especially for the estimation of nonlinear drug absorption, which may involve various interactions with intestinal contents or other drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The newly developed advanced translocation model precisely explains various movements of intestinal contents under fasted and fed conditions, which cannot be adequately described by the current physiological pharmacokinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Aoi Yoshitomo
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shizuka Hozuki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Divergent Regulation of OCT and MATE Drug Transporters by Cadmium Exposure. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040537. [PMID: 33924306 PMCID: PMC8069296 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated transcellular transport by the uptake via organic cation transporters (OCTs) in concert with the efflux via multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) is an essential system for hepatic and renal drug disposition. Despite their clinical importance, the regulation of OCTs and MATEs remains poorly characterized. It has been reported that cadmium (Cd2+) increase the activities of OCTs while being a substrate of MATEs. Here, we found that human (h) OCT2 protein, as compared with hMATE1, was more active in trafficking between the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic storage pool. Cd2+ exposure could significantly enhance the translocation of hOCT2 and hOCT1, but not hMATE1, to the plasma membrane. We further identified that candesartan, a widely prescribed angiotensin II receptor blocker, behaved similarly toward OCT2 and MATE1 as Cd2+ did. Importantly, Cd2+ and candesartan treatments could lead to an enhanced accumulation of metformin, which is a well-characterized substrate of OCTs/MATEs, in mouse kidney and liver, respectively. Altogether, our studies have uncovered possible divergent regulation of OCTs and MATEs by certain xenobiotics, such as Cd2+ and candesartan due to the different cellular trafficking of these two families of transporter proteins, which might significantly affect drug disposition in the liver and kidney.
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Domínguez Moré GP, Cardona MI, Sepúlveda PM, Echeverry SM, Oliveira Simões CM, Aragón DM. Matrix Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Calyces of Physalis peruviana L. on Rutin Pharmacokinetics in Wistar Rats Using Population Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040535. [PMID: 33921404 PMCID: PMC8069016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin is the rutinose conjugate of quercetin. It presents several biological activities and is the major flavonoid in the hydroalcoholic extract of the calyces of Physalis peruviana L. It also shows hypoglycemic activity after oral administration. The aim of this work was to study the matrix effects of the extract from P. peruviana calyces on the pharmacokinetics of rutin and its metabolites in Wistar rats, using non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses. A pharmacokinetic study was performed after intravenous and oral administration of different doses of pure rutin and the extract. In the non-compartmental analysis, it was found that rutin from the extract exhibited higher distribution and clearance, as well as an 11-fold increase in the bioavailability of its active metabolites. A population pharmacokinetic model was also carried out with two compartments, double absorption and linear elimination, in which the extract and the doses were the covariates involved. This model correctly described the differences observed between rutin as a pure compound and rutin from the extract, including the dose dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Paola Domínguez Moré
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
- Centro de Servicios Farmacéuticos y Monitoreo de Fármacos, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081001, Colombia
| | - María Isabel Cardona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
| | - Paula Michelle Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
| | - Sandra Milena Echeverry
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina—UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-970, Brazil;
| | - Diana Marcela Aragón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Modiwala M, Jadav T, Sahu AK, Tekade RK, Sengupta P. A Critical Review on Advancement in Analytical Strategies for the Quantification of Clinically Relevant Biological Transporters. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1557-1571. [PMID: 33691566 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1891859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Success of a drug discovery program is highly dependent on rapid scientific advancement and periodic inclusion of sensitive and specific analytical techniques. Biological membrane transporters can significantly alter the bioavailability of a molecule in its actual site of action. Expression of transporter proteins responsible for drug transport is extremely low in the biological system. Therefore, proper scientific planning in selection of their quantitative analytical technique is essential. This article discusses critical advancement in the analytical strategies for quantification of clinically relevant biological transporters for the drugs. Article cross-talked key planning and execution strategies concerning analytical quantification of the transporters during drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Modiwala
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarang Jadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh K Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Ikwu FA, Shallangwa GA, Mamza PA. Ligand Based Design, ADMET and Molecular Docking Studies of Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Potent Anti-Proliferate Agents Against LNCAP Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Challenges of reducing protein-bound uremic toxin levels in chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. Transl Res 2021; 229:115-134. [PMID: 32891787 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the worldwide population is currently estimated between 11% and 13%. Adequate renal clearance is compromised in these patients and the accumulation of a large number of uremic retention solutes results in an irreversible worsening of renal function which can lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Approximately three million ESRD patients currently receive renal replacement therapies (RRTs), such as hemodialysis, which only partially restore kidney function, as they are only efficient in removing mainly small, unbound solutes from the circulation while leaving larger and protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) untouched. The accumulation of PBUTs in patients highly increases the risk of cardiovascular events and is associated with higher mortality and morbidity in CKD and ESRD. In this review, we address several strategies currently being explored toward reducing PBUT concentrations, including clinical and medical approaches, therapeutic techniques, and recent developments in RRT technology. These include preservation of renal function, limitation of colon derived PBUTs, oral sorbents, adsorbent RRT technology, and use of albumin displacers. Despite the promising results of the different approaches to promote enhanced removal of a small percentage of the more than 30 identified PBUTs, on their own, none of them provide a treatment with the required efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness to prevent CKD-related complications and decrease mortality and morbidity in ESRD.
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Naji-Talakar S, Sharma S, Martin LA, Barnhart D, Prasad B. Potential implications of DMET ontogeny on the disposition of commonly prescribed drugs in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:273-289. [PMID: 33256492 PMCID: PMC8346204 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1858051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Pediatric patients, especially neonates and infants, are more susceptible to adverse drug events as compared to adults. In particular, immature small molecule drug metabolism and excretion can result in higher incidences of pediatric toxicity than adults if the pediatric dose is not adjusted.Area covered: We reviewed the top 29 small molecule drugs prescribed in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units and compiled the mechanisms of their metabolism and excretion. The ontogeny of Phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs), particularly relevant to these drugs, are summarized. The potential effects of DMET ontogeny on the metabolism and excretion of the top pediatric drugs were predicted. The current regulatory requirements and recommendations regarding safe and effective use of drugs in children are discussed. A few representative examples of the use of ontogeny-informed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are highlighted.Expert opinion: Empirical prediction of pediatric drug dosing based on body weight or body-surface area from the adult parameters can be inaccurate because DMETs are not mature in children and the age-dependent maturation of these proteins is different. Ontogeny-informed-PBPK modeling provides a better alternative to predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavosh Naji-Talakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Sheena Sharma
- Pediatrics and Neonatology, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Leslie A. Martin
- Pediatrics and Neonatology, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Derek Barnhart
- Pediatrics and Neonatology, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Incorporating renal excretion via the OCT2 transporter in physiologically based kinetic modelling to predict in vivo kinetics of mepiquat in rat. Toxicol Lett 2021; 343:34-43. [PMID: 33639197 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at incorporating active renal excretion via the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) into a generic rat physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model using an in vitro human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (SA7K) and mepiquat chloride (MQ) as the model compound. The Vmax (10.5 pmol/min/mg protein) and Km (20.6 μM) of OCT2 transport of MQ were determined by concentration-dependent uptake in SA7K cells using doxepin as inhibitor. PBK model predictions incorporating these values in the PBK model were 6.7-8.4-fold different from the reported in vivo data on the blood concentration of MQ in rat. Applying an overall scaling factor that also corrects for potential differences in OCT2 activity in the SA7K cells and in vivo kidney cortex and species differences resulted in adequate predictions for in vivo kinetics of MQ in rat (2.3-3.2-fold). The results indicate that using SA7K cells to define PBK parameters for active renal OCT2 mediated excretion with adequate scaling enables incorporation of renal excretion via the OCT2 transporter in PBK modelling to predict in vivo kinetics of mepiquat in rat. This study demonstrates a proof-of-principle on how to include active renal excretion into generic PBK models.
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Impacts of Drug Interactions on Pharmacokinetics and the Brain Transporters: A Recent Review of Natural Compound-Drug Interactions in Brain Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041809. [PMID: 33670407 PMCID: PMC7917745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds such as herbal medicines and/or phyto-compounds from foods, have frequently been used to exert synergistic therapeutic effects with anti-brain disorder drugs, supplement the effects of nutrients, and boost the immune system. However, co-administration of natural compounds with the drugs can cause synergistic toxicity or impeditive drug interactions due to changes in pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., absorption, metabolism, and excretion) and various drug transporters, particularly brain transporters. In this review, natural compound–drug interactions (NDIs), which can occur during the treatment of brain disorders, are emphasized from the perspective of pharmacokinetics and cellular transport. In addition, the challenges emanating from NDIs and recent approaches are discussed.
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Du B, Chong Y, Jiang X, Yu M, Lo UG, Dang A, Chen YA, Li S, Hernandez E, Lin JC, Hsieh JT, Zheng J. Hyperfluorescence Imaging of Kidney Cancer Enabled by Renal Secretion Pathway Dependent Efflux Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:351-359. [PMID: 32876994 PMCID: PMC8635778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular secretion is an active efflux pathway for the kidneys to remove molecules but has yet to be used to enhance kidney cancer targeting. We report indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated with a 2100 Da PEG molecule (ICG-PEG45) as a renal-tubule-secreted near-infrared-emitting fluorophore for hyperfluorescence imaging of kidney cancers, which cannot be achieved with hepatobiliary- and glomerular-clearable ICG. This pathway-dependent targeting of kidney cancer arises from the fact that the secretion pathway enables ICG-PEG45 to be effectively effluxed out of normal proximal tubules through P-glycoprotein transporter while being retained in cancerous kidney tissues with low P-glycoprotein expression. Tuning elimination pathways and utilizing different efflux kinetics of medical agents in normal and diseased tissues could be a new strategy for tackling challenges in disease diagnosis and treatments that cannot be addressed with passive and ligand-receptor-mediated active targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Yue Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Xingya Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - U-Gling Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Andrew Dang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Siqing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Jason C. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
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Hyperfluorescence Imaging of Kidney Cancer Enabled by Renal Secretion Pathway Dependent Efflux Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Substrates and Inhibitors of Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs) and Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter (PMAT) and Therapeutic Implications. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:119-167. [PMID: 34495395 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gene products of the SLC22A gene family (hOCT1, hOCT2, and hOCT3) and of the SLC29A4 gene (hPMAT or hENT4) are all polyspecific organic cation transporters. Human OCTs (including hPMAT) are expressed in peripheral tissues such as small intestine, liver, and kidney involved in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. In the human brain, all four transporters are expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hOCT2 is additionally expressed in neurons, and hOCT3 and hPMAT in glia. More than 40% of the presently used drugs are organic cations. This chapter lists and discusses all known drugs acting as substrates or inhibitors of these four organic cation transporters, independently of whether the transporter is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) or in peripheral tissues. Of interest is their involvement in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion as well as potential OCT-associated drug-drug interactions (DDIs), with a focus on drugs that act in the CNS.
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Mihevc M, Petreski T, Maver U, Bevc S. Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells: review of isolation, characterization, and culturing techniques. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9865-9882. [PMID: 33170426 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is a complex organ, comprised primarily of glomerular, tubular, mesangial, and endothelial cells, and podocytes. The fact that renal cells are terminally differentiated at 34 weeks of gestation is the main obstacle in regeneration and treatment of acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, the number of chronic kidney disease patients is ever increasing and with it the medical community should aim to improve existing and develop new methods of renal replacement therapy. On the other hand, as polypharmacy is on the rise, thought should be given into developing new ways of testing drug safety. A possible way to tackle these issues is with isolation and culture of renal cells. Several protocols are currently described to isolate the desired cells, of which the most isolated are the proximal tubular epithelial cells. They play a major role in water homeostasis, acid-base control, reabsorption of compounds, and secretion of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites. When exposed to ischemic, toxic, septic, or obstructive conditions their death results in what we clinically perceive as acute kidney injury. Additionally, due to renal cells' limited regenerative potential, the profibrotic environment inevitably leads to chronic kidney disease. In this review we will focus on human proximal tubular epithelial cells. We will cover human kidney culture models, cell sources, isolation, culture, immortalization, and characterization subdivided into morphological, phenotypical, and functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Mihevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petreski
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Sri Laasya T, Thakur S, Poduri R, Joshi G. Current insights toward kidney injury: Decrypting the dual role and mechanism involved of herbal drugs in inducing kidney injury and its treatment. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Completing the Enalaprilat Excretion Pathway-Renal Handling by the Proximal Tubule. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100935. [PMID: 33007874 PMCID: PMC7600309 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enalapril is often used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical data suggest that the urinary excretion of enalaprilat, the active metabolite of enalapril, is mediated by renal transporters. We aimed to identify enalaprilat specificity for renal proximal tubular transporters. METHODS Baculovirus-transduced HEK293 cells overexpressing proximal tubular transporters were used to study enalaprilat cellular uptake. Uptake into cells overexpressing the basolateral transporters OCT2, OAT1, OAT2, or OAT3 and apical transporters OAT4, PEPT1, PEPT2, OCTN1, OCTN2, MATE1, MATE2k, and URAT1 was compared with mock-transduced control cells. Transport by renal efflux transporters MRP2, MPR4, P-gp, and BCRP was tested using a vesicular assay. Enalaprilat concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Uptake of enalaprilat into cells expressing OAT3 as well as OAT4 was significantly higher compared to control cells. The enalaprilat affinity for OAT3 was 640 (95% CI: 520-770) µM. For OAT4, no reliable affinity constant could be determined using concentrations up to 3 mM. No transport was observed for other transporters. CONCLUSION The affinity of enalaprilat for OAT3 and OAT4 was notably low compared to other substrates. Taking this affinity and clinically relevant plasma concentrations of enalaprilat and other OAT3 substrates into account, we believe that drug-drug interactions on a transporter level do not have a therapeutic consequence and will not require dose adjustments of enalaprilat itself or other OAT3 substrates.
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Zou L, Matsson P, Stecula A, Ngo HX, Zur AA, Giacomini KM. Drug Metabolites Potently Inhibit Renal Organic Anion Transporters, OAT1 and OAT3. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:347-353. [PMID: 32910949 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human OAT1 and OAT3 play major roles in renal drug elimination and drug-drug interactions. However, there is little information on the interactions of drug metabolites with transporters. The goal of this study was to characterize the interactions of drug metabolites with OAT1 and OAT3 and compare their potencies of inhibition with those of their corresponding parent drugs. Using HEK293 cells stably transfected with OAT1 and OAT3, 25 drug metabolites and their corresponding parent drugs were screened for inhibitory effects on OAT1-and OAT3-mediated 6-carboxyfluorescein uptake at a screening concentration of 200 μM for all but 3 compounds. 20 and 24 drug metabolites were identified as inhibitors (inhibition > 50%) of OAT1 and OAT3, respectively. Seven drug metabolites were potent inhibitors of either or both OAT1 and OAT3 with Ki values less than 1 μM. 22 metabolites were more potent inhibitors of OAT3 than OAT1. Importantly, one drug and four metabolites were predicted to inhibit OAT3 at unbound plasma concentrations achieved clinically (Cmax,u/Ki values ≥ 0.1). In conclusion, our study highlights the potential interactions of drug metabolites with OAT1 and OAT3 at clinically relevant concentrations, suggesting that drug metabolites may modulate therapeutic and adverse drug response by inhibiting renal drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pär Matsson
- Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adrian Stecula
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arik A Zur
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Wang Z, Shang H, Li Y, Zhang C, Dong Y, Cui T, Zhang H, Ci X, Yi X, Zhang T, Yan F, Zhang Y, Huang X, Wu W, Liu C. Transporters (OATs and OATPs) contribute to illustrate the mechanism of medicinal compatibility of ingredients with different properties in yuanhuzhitong prescription. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1646-1657. [PMID: 33088685 PMCID: PMC7564327 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various medicinal ingredients with different tastes are combined according to the theory of compatibility in Chinese materia medica to achieve a better efficacy, while the mechanism was not very clear. Here, the authors studied the interaction between ingredients and human transporters such as the kidney transporters OAT1 and OAT3, the liver transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, and the intestine transporter OATP2B1 to discern the compatibility mechanism of ingredients with different tastes in the Yuanhuzhitong preparation (YHP) comprising Corydalis yanhusuo (CYH) and Angelica dahurica (AD), which could relieve pain by restraining the central system. The results show that tetrahydropalmatine (TDE), the major component of CYH, could be transported by OAT3 into kidney, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 into liver, while imperatorin (IPT) and isoimperatorin (ISP), the two key components of AD, and AD extract showed strong inhibition to OAT1 and OAT3. What's more, AD extract also exerted strongly inhibition to human transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. It was also detected that IPT, ISP, and AD extract significantly downregulated the expression of Oatp1a1, Oatp1a4, and Oatp1b2 of liver in mice. The in vivo results show that the concentration of TDE in liver and kidney significantly decreased, while the TDE concentration in blood and brain were both significantly enhanced in the presence of IPT, ISP, and AD extract. These results suggest that the ingredients in AD with pungent taste could enhance the exposure of TDE in blood and brain by inhibiting the uptake of TDE in liver and kidney. That is to say, TDE with bitter taste could "flood up" into the central nervous system to play its therapeutic effect by the cut-off of that into liver and kidney in the presence of ingredients within AD. This paper not only proves the meridian distribution of CYH in liver and kidney with the role of OAT3, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3, but also illustrates how to improve the efficacy of CYH by reasonable compatibility with AD. This study may offer a valuable clue to illustrate the mechanism of compatibility theory.
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Effects of Ischemia-Reperfusion on Tubular Cell Membrane Transporters and Consequences in Kidney Transplantation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082610. [PMID: 32806541 PMCID: PMC7464608 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury (IRI) is an inevitable event in kidney transplantation. It is a complex pathophysiological process associated with numerous structural and metabolic changes that have a profound influence on the early and the late function of the transplanted kidney. Proximal tubular cells are particularly sensitive to IRI. These cells are involved in renal and whole-body homeostasis, detoxification processes and drugs elimination by a transporter-dependent, transcellular transport system involving Solute Carriers (SLCs) and ATP Binding Cassettes (ABCs) transporters. Numerous studies conducted mainly in animal models suggested that IRI causes decreased expression and activity of some major tubular transporters. This could favor uremic toxins accumulation and renal metabolic alterations or impact the pharmacokinetic/toxicity of drugs used in transplantation. It is of particular importance to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of IR on tubular transporters in order to improve the mechanistic understanding of IRI pathophysiology, identify biomarkers of graft function or promote the design and development of novel and effective therapies. Modulation of transporters’ activity could thus be a new therapeutic opportunity to attenuate kidney injury during IR.
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Chan G, Houle R, Lin M, Yabut J, Cox K, Wu J, Chu X. Role of transporters in the disposition of a novel β-lactamase inhibitor: relebactam (MK-7655). J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1894-1903. [PMID: 30891606 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the transporters involved in renal elimination of relebactam, and to assess the potential of relebactam as a perpetrator or victim of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) for major drug transporters. METHODS A series of bidirectional transport, uptake and inhibition studies were conducted in vitro using transfected cell lines and membrane vesicles. The inhibitory effects of relebactam on major drug transporters, as well as the inhibitory effects of commonly used antibiotics/antifungals on organic anion transporter (OAT) 3-mediated uptake of relebactam, were assessed. RESULTS Relebactam was shown to be a substrate of OAT3, OAT4, and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) proteins MATE1 and MATE2K. Relebactam did not show profound inhibition across a panel of transporters, including organic anion-transporting polypeptides 1B1 and 1B3, OAT1, OAT3, organic cation transporter 2, MATE1, MATE2K, breast cancer resistance protein, multidrug resistance protein 1 and the bile salt export pump. Among the antibiotics/antifungals assessed for potential DDIs, probenecid demonstrated the most potent in vitro inhibition of relebactam uptake; however, such in vitro data did not translate into clinically relevant DDIs, suggesting that relebactam can be co-administered with OAT inhibitors, such as probenecid. CONCLUSIONS Overall, relebactam has low potential to be a victim or perpetrator of DDIs with major drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Chan
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Robert Houle
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Meihong Lin
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jocelyn Yabut
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen Cox
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Kobayashi M, Nishi K, Mizutani A, Okudaira H, Nakanishi T, Shikano N, Nishii R, Tamai I, Kawai K. Transport mechanism and affinity of [99mTc]Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine ([99mTc]MAG3) on the apical membrane of renal proximal tubule cells. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 84-85:33-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huo X, Meng Q, Wang C, Wu J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Ma X, Sun H, Liu K. Protective effect of cilastatin against diclofenac-induced nephrotoxicity through interaction with diclofenac acyl glucuronide via organic anion transporters. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1933-1948. [PMID: 32000294 PMCID: PMC7161545 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diclofenac is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. However, adverse effects in the kidney limit its clinical application. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential effect of cilastatin on diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury and to clarify the potential roles of renal organic anion transporters (OATs) in the drug-drug interaction between cilastatin and diclofenac. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of cilastatin was evaluated in diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Human OAT1/3-transfected HEK293 cells and renal primary proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) were used to investigate OAT1/3-mediated transport and the cytotoxicity of diclofenac. KEY RESULTS Cilastatin treatment decreased the pathological changes, renal dysfunction and elevated renal levels of oxidation products, cytokine production and apoptosis induced by diclofenac in mice. Moreover, cilastatin increased the plasma concentration and decreased the renal distribution of diclofenac and its glucuronide metabolite, diclofenac acyl glucuronide (DLF-AG). Similarly, cilastatin inhibited cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in RPTCs but did not change the intracellular accumulation of diclofenac. DLF-AG but not diclofenac exhibited OAT-dependent cytotoxicity and was identified as an OAT1/3 substrate. Cilastatin inhibited the intracellular accumulation and decreased the cytotoxicity of DLF-AG in RPTCs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Cilastatin alleviated diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury in mice by restoring the redox balance, suppressing inflammation, and reducing apoptosis. Cilastatin inhibited OATs and decreased the renal distribution of diclofenac and DLF-AG, which further ameliorated the diclofenac-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Cilastatin can be potentially used in the clinic as a therapeutic agent to alleviate the adverse renal reaction to diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- College (Institute) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, LiaoningDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- College (Institute) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, LiaoningDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- College (Institute) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, LiaoningDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- College (Institute) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, LiaoningDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- College (Institute) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, LiaoningDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- College (Institute) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, LiaoningDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- College (Institute) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, LiaoningDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- College (Institute) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, LiaoningDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Shen QQ, Wang JJ, Roy D, Sun LX, Jiang ZZ, Zhang LY, Huang X. Organic anion transporter 1 and 3 contribute to traditional Chinese medicine-induced nephrotoxicity. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:196-205. [PMID: 32245589 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the internationally growing popularity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM-induced nephropathy has attracted public attention. Minimizing this toxicity is an important issue for future research. Typical nephrotoxic TCM drugs such as Aristolochic acid, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f, Rheum officinale Baill, and cinnabar mainly damage renal proximal tubules or cause interstitial nephritis. Transporters in renal proximal tubule are believed to be critical in the disposition of xenobiotics. In this review, we provide information on the alteration of renal transporters by nephrotoxic TCMs, which may be helpful for understanding the nephrotoxic mechanism of TCMs and reducing adverse effects. Studies have proven that when administering nephrotoxic TCMs, the expression or function of renal transporters is altered, especially organic anion transporter 1 and 3. The alteration of these transporters may enhance the accumulation of toxic drugs or the dysfunction of endogenous toxins and subsequently sensitize the kidney to injury. Transporters-related drug combination and clinical biomarkers supervision to avoid the risk of future toxicity are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Debmalya Roy
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Xu Y, Qin S, Niu Y, Gong T, Zhang Z, Fu Y. Effect of fluid shear stress on the internalization of kidney-targeted delivery systems in renal tubular epithelial cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:680-692. [PMID: 32322470 PMCID: PMC7161666 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) are important target cells for the development of kidney-targeted drug delivery systems. Under physiological conditions, RTECs are under constant fluid shear stress (FSS) from original urine in the renal tubule and respond to changes of FSS by altering their morphology and receptor expression patterns, which may affect reabsorption and cellular uptake. Using a microfluidic system, controlled shear stress was applied to proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2. Next, 2-glucosamine, bovine serum albumin, and albumin nanoparticles were selected as representative carriers to perform cell uptake studies in HK-2 cells using the microfluidic platform system with controlled FSS. FSS is proven to impact the morphology of HK-2 cells and upregulate the levels of megalin and clathrin, which then led to enhanced cellular uptake efficiencies of energy-driven carrier systems such as macromolecular and albumin nanoparticles in HK-2 cells. To further investigate the effects of FSS on endocytic behavior mediated by related receptors, a mice model of acute kidney injury with reduced fluid shear stress was established. Consistent with in vitro findings, in vivo studies have also shown reduced fluid shear stress down-regulated the levels of megalin receptors, thereby reducing the renal distribution of albumin nanoparticles.
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76
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Heron JE, Bagnis CI, Gracey DM. Contemporary issues and new challenges in chronic kidney disease amongst people living with HIV. AIDS Res Ther 2020; 17:11. [PMID: 32178687 PMCID: PMC7075008 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-020-00266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a comorbidity of major clinical significance amongst people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of CKD is rising, despite the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is increasingly related to prevalent non-infectious comorbidities (NICMs) and antiretroviral toxicity. There are great disparities evident, with the highest prevalence of CKD among PLWHIV seen in the African continent. The aetiology of kidney disease amongst PLWHIV includes HIV-related diseases, such as classic HIV-associated nephropathy or immune complex disease, CKD related to NICMs and CKD from antiretroviral toxicity. CKD, once established, is often relentlessly progressive and can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Identifying patients with risk factors for CKD, and appropriate screening for the early detection of CKD are vital to improve patient outcomes. Adherence to screening guidelines is variable, and often poor. The progression of CKD may be slowed with certain clinical interventions; however, data derived from studies involving PLWHIV with CKD are sparse and this represent an important area for future research. The control of blood pressure using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, in particular, in the setting of proteinuria, likely slows the progression of CKD among PLWHIV. The cohort of PLWHIV is facing new challenges in regards to polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. The potential nephrotoxicity of ART is important, particularly as cumulative ART exposure increases as the cohort of PLWHIV ages. The number of PLWHIV with ESRD is increasing. PLWHIV should not be denied access to renal replacement therapy, either dialysis or kidney transplantation, based on their HIV status. Kidney transplantation amongst PLWHIV is successful and associated with an improved prognosis compared to remaining on dialysis. As the cohort of PLWHIV ages, comorbidity increases and CKD becomes more prevalent; models of care need to evolve to meet the new and changing chronic healthcare needs of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Edward Heron
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Corinne Isnard Bagnis
- Nephrology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - David M Gracey
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Mohan AM, Lukas M, Albrecht J, Dorau-Rutke V, Koziolek EJ, Huang K, Prasad S, Brenner W, Beindorff N. Relationship of Renal Function in Mice to Strain, Sex and 177Lutetium-Somatostatin Receptor Ligand Treatment. Nuklearmedizin 2020; 59:381-386. [PMID: 32074660 DOI: 10.1055/a-1103-1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aim of the study was to establish parameters for 99mTc-MAG3 SPECT renal uptake kinetics in healthy SCID mice as a function of mouse strain and sex and to evaluate the feasibility of this method for detecting 177Lu-somatostatin receptor ligand (177Lu-SRL) treatment effects on kidney function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dynamic semi-stationary SPECT acquisitions (68 frames, total duration 35 min) was started prior to i. v. injection of 99mTc-MAG3 in 12 female and 12 male SCID mice. Additionally, 6 female SCID mice with neuroendocrine tumors were imaged 1-5 months after 177Lu-SRL (5 DOTATOC, 1 DOTA-JR11) treatment. Kidney function is expressed as maximum time to peak (Tmax), T50 and T25 in minutes (median [interquartile range]). Differences between groups were tested using the Mann-Whitney-U test, and SCID mouse parameters were compared with data for C57BL/6N mice from a recent publication. RESULTS Significant sex-based differences in Tmax between strains were observed (females: C57BL/6N 1.6 [1.4-1.7], SCID 1.4 [1.3-1.5], p = 0.05; males: C57BL/6N 1.4 [1.3-1.4], SCID 1.6 [1.4-1.7], p = 0.04). In C57BL/6N mice, females showed a later Tmax (p < 0.01) than males. SCID mice showed no difference (p = 0.14). Treated SCID mice showed no significant delay in Tmax (2.0 [1.4-2.7], p = 0.15) but a significant delay in T50 (p = 0.02) and T25 (p = 0.01) compared to healthy untreated mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated significant sex-related differences between SCID and C57BL/6N mouse strains in kidney function. Establishment of normal values for different strains and sexes therefore is important for experimental therapy studies. Renal SPECT imaging with 99mTc-MAG3 was sufficiently sensitive to detect 177Lu-SRL treatment toxic effects on kidney function in SCID mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay-Mohan Mohan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Lukas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Albrecht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktoria Dorau-Rutke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva J Koziolek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonal Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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78
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Zhou D, Xu Y, Wang Y, Li J, Gui C, Zhang H. Interaction of Organic Anion Transporter 3-Mediated Uptake of Steviol Acyl Glucuronide, a Major Metabolite of Rebaudioside A, with Selected Drugs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1579-1587. [PMID: 31760750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) plays a critical role in the renal excretion of many xenobiotics. Because steviol acyl glucuronide (SVAG), an OAT3 substrate, is the major circulating metabolite after oral ingestion of steviol glycosides and is excreted into the urine, inhibition of OAT3 activity may alter pharmacokinetic profiles of SVAG. The present study showed that drugs such as probenecid and glimepiride displayed potent inhibition toward the OAT3-mediated SVAG transport, with IC50 values of 4.9 and 0.8 μM, respectively. No species differences were observed. Probenecid and glimepiride could significantly elevate plasma concentrations of SVAG after oral administration of rebaudioside A, with significant increases in plasma maximum (Cmax) and area under the plasma time-concentration curve values. The inhibitory effect on the OAT3-mediated SVAG transport exemplified a unique case between drugs and the metabolite of a food additive. Our data suggest that caution should be exercised when giving steviol glycoside products to human subjects with compromised renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Yunting Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Yedong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Jiajun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Chunshan Gui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
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79
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Phillips JA, Grandhi TSP, Davis M, Gautier JC, Hariparsad N, Keller D, Sura R, Van Vleet TR. A pharmaceutical industry perspective on microphysiological kidney systems for evaluation of safety for new therapies. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:468-476. [PMID: 31989145 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons. As the functional unit of the kidney, the nephron affords an opportunity to approximate the kidney at a microphysiological scale. Recent emergence of physiologically accurate human tissue models has radically advanced the possibilities of mimicking organ biology and multi-organ combinations in vitro. Anatomically, the nephron is one of the most complex, sequentially integrated microfluidic units in the body making the miniaturized microfluidic systems excellent candidates for capturing the kidney biology in vitro. While these models are promising, there are a number of considerations for practical implementation into a drug development paradigm. Opportunities for pharmaceutical industry applications of new MPS models often start with drug safety testing. As such, the intent of this article is to focus on safety and ADME applications. This article reviews biological functions of the kidney and options for characterizing known roles in nephrotoxicity. The concept of "context-of-use" is introduced as a framework for describing and verifying the specific features of an MPS platform for use in drug development. Overall, we present a perspective on key attributes of microphysiological kidney models, which the pharmaceutical industry could leverage to improve confident safety and ADME evaluations of experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taraka Sai Pavan Grandhi
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Myrtle Davis
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08648, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas Keller
- Sanofi US, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA
| | - Radhakrishna Sura
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 Waukegan Rd, N Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Terry R Van Vleet
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 Waukegan Rd, N Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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80
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Fowler S, Chen WLK, Duignan DB, Gupta A, Hariparsad N, Kenny JR, Lai WG, Liras J, Phillips JA, Gan J. Microphysiological systems for ADME-related applications: current status and recommendations for system development and characterization. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:446-467. [PMID: 31932816 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00857h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, progress has been made on the development of microphysiological systems (MPS) for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) applications. Central to this progress has been proof of concept data generated by academic and industrial institutions followed by broader characterization studies, which provide evidence for scalability and applicability to drug discovery and development. In this review, we describe some of the advances made for specific tissue MPS and outline the desired functionality for such systems, which are likely to make them applicable for practical use in the pharmaceutical industry. Single organ MPS platforms will be valuable for modelling tissue-specific functions. However, dynamic organ crosstalk, especially in the context of disease or toxicity, can only be obtained with the use of inter-linked MPS models which will enable scientists to address questions at the intersection of pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy, or PK and toxicity. In the future, successful application of MPS platforms that closely mimic human physiology may ultimately reduce the need for animal models to predict ADME outcomes and decrease the overall risk and cost associated with drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Fowler
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - David B Duignan
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Bioanalysis, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Anshul Gupta
- Amgen Research, 360 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Niresh Hariparsad
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane R Kenny
- DMPK, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco 94080, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Liras
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jinping Gan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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81
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PPARα-Dependent Modulation by Metformin of the Expression of OCT-2 and MATE-1 in the Kidney of Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020392. [PMID: 31963528 PMCID: PMC7024194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus control. It is established that this drug traffics through OCT-2 and MATE-1 transporters in kidney tubular cells and is excreted in its unaltered form in the urine. Hereby, we provide evidence that points towards the metformin-dependent upregulation of OCT-2 and MATE-1 in the kidney via the transcription factor proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Treatment of wild type mice with metformin led to the upregulation of the expression of OCT-2 and MATE-1 by 34% and 157%, respectively. An analysis in a kidney tubular cell line revealed that metformin upregulated PPARα and OCT-2 expression by 37% and 299% respectively. MK-886, a PPARα antagonist, abrogated the OCT-2 upregulation by metformin and reduced MATE-1 expression. Conversely, gemfibrozil, an agonist of PPARα, elicited the increase of PPARα, OCT-2, and MATE-1 expression by 115%, 144%, and 376%, respectively. PPARα knockout mice failed to upregulate both the expression of OCT-2 and MATE-1 in the kidney upon metformin treatment, supporting the PPARα-dependent metformin upregulation of the transporters in this organ. Taken together, our data sheds light on the metformin-induced mechanism of transporter modulation in the kidney, via PPARα, and this effect may have implications for drug safety and efficacy.
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Abstract
The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l-cysteine S-conjugates) are formed by the sequential action of the glutathione transferases, γ-glutamyltransferases, dipeptidases, and cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase to yield glutathione S-conjugates, l-cysteinylglycine S-conjugates, l-cysteine S-conjugates, and mercapturic acids; these metabolites constitute a "mercapturomic" profile. Aminoacylases catalyze the hydrolysis of mercapturic acids to form cysteine S-conjugates. Several renal transport systems facilitate the urinary elimination of mercapturic acids; urinary mercapturic acids may serve as biomarkers for exposure to chemicals. Although mercapturic acid formation and elimination is a detoxication reaction, l-cysteine S-conjugates may undergo bioactivation by cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase. Moreover, some l-cysteine S-conjugates, particularly l-cysteinyl-leukotrienes, exert significant pathophysiological effects. Finally, some enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are described as the so-called "moonlighting proteins," catalytic proteins that exert multiple biochemical or biophysical functions apart from catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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83
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Targeting uptake transporters for cancer imaging and treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:79-90. [PMID: 31993308 PMCID: PMC6977162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their gene expression to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and invasiveness. The unique expression of certain uptake transporters in cancers and their innate function to concentrate small molecular substrates in cells make them ideal targets for selective delivering imaging and therapeutic agents into cancer cells. In this review, we focus on several solute carrier (SLC) transporters known to be involved in transporting clinically used radiopharmaceutical agents into cancer cells, including the sodium/iodine symporter (NIS), norepinephrine transporter (NET), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The molecular and functional characteristics of these transporters are reviewed with special emphasis on their specific expressions in cancers and interaction with imaging or theranostic agents [e.g., I-123, I-131, 123I-iobenguane (mIBG), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 13C pyruvate]. Current clinical applications and research areas of these transporters in cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Finally, we offer our views on emerging opportunities and challenges in targeting transporters for cancer imaging and treatment. By analyzing the few clinically successful examples, we hope much interest can be garnered in cancer research towards uptake transporters and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Key Words
- CT, computed tomography
- Cancer imaging
- DDI, drug–drug interaction
- DTC, differentiated thyroid cancer
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administrations
- FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose
- GLUT, glucose transporter
- IAEA, the International Atomic Energy Agency
- LACC, locally advanced cervical cancer
- LAT, large amino acid transporter
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporter
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NE, norepinephrine
- NET, norepinephrine transporter
- NIS, sodium/iodine symporter
- Neuroblastoma
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PHEO, pheochromocytoma
- RA, retinoic acid
- RET, rearranged during transfection
- SLC, solute carrier
- SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography
- SUV, standardized uptake value
- TFB, tetrafluoroborate
- TSH, thyroid stimulating hormones
- Thyroid cancer
- Uptake transporter
- Warburg effect
- mIBG
- mIBG, iobenguane/meta-iodobenzylguanidine
- vHL, von Hippel-Lindau
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84
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Wyss PP, Lamichhane SP, Abed A, Vonwil D, Kretz O, Huber TB, Sarem M, Shastri VP. Renal clearance of polymeric nanoparticles by mimicry of glycan surface of viruses. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119643. [PMID: 31812275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that viral particles such as herpes simplex virus-1 and cytomegalovirus show renal clearance despite their large size (155-240 nm). Interestingly, one of the common characteristics of these viruses is their glycoprotein rich viral envelope. Since, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) share similarities with oligosaccharide chains in the glycoproteins, we hypothesize that modification of nanoparticles (NPs) surface with naturally found GAGs could alter NP clearance characteristics by mimicking physicochemical aspects of viral glycoprotein envelope. We demonstrate that polymeric NP bearing surfaces enriched with dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid undergo rapid renal clearance (74% of injected dose as early as 2 h) while showing reduced liver accumulation. Ultra-structural analyses suggest that the excretion of intact NPs occurs via proximal tubule secretion, but not via glomerular filtration. Finally, we demonstrate that our bioinspired NPs are able to accumulate within the epithelial tumor microenvironment despite their efficient renal clearance. Our system provides a framework to address renal toxicity associated with repeated dosing of NP and a platform to elaborate on plausible mechanism of renal clearance of virus particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P Wyss
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Surya P Lamichhane
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abed
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Vonwil
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melika Sarem
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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85
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Karimian Pour N, McColl ER, Piquette-Miller M. Impact of Viral Inflammation on the Expression of Renal Drug Transporters in Pregnant Rats. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E624. [PMID: 31766631 PMCID: PMC6956294 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation impacts the expression and function of drug transporters at term-gestation; however, the impact of inflammation on the expression of drug transporters at mid-gestation is largely unknown. Since renal drug transporters play a key role in the clearance of many drugs prescribed during pregnancy, our objective was to study the impact of the viral mimetic poly I:C on the expression of renal transporters in pregnant rats at mid-gestation. Poly I:C (10 mg/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on gestational day 14. Expression of renal transporters was measured at 6, 24, and 48 h by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The mRNA levels of Mdr1a, Mrp4, Oct2, Octn1, Octn2, Mate1, Oat1-3, Urat1, Oatp4c1, Ent1, and Pept2 were significantly lower in the poly I:C group at 6 h. At 24 h, only the mRNA levels of Oct2, Oatp4c1, and Ent1 were decreased compared to saline. Poly I:C significantly decreased protein expression of Urat1 at 24 h, and P-gp, Oct2, Mate1, Oat1, Oat3 at 48 h,. Poly I:C imposed significant reductions in the expression of several key renal transporters at mid-gestation in pregnant rats. Thus, viral infection may impact renal excretion of drug transporter substrates, potentially leading to drug-disease interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Micheline Piquette-Miller
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada; (N.K.P.); (E.R.M.)
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86
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Figueiredo J, Serrano JL, Soares M, Ferreira S, Domingues FC, Almeida P, Silvestre S. 5-Hydrazinylethylidenepyrimidines effective against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of antibacterial, radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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87
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Cilastatin protects against imipenem-induced nephrotoxicity via inhibition of renal organic anion transporters (OATs). Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:986-996. [PMID: 31649848 PMCID: PMC6804466 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imipenem is a carbapenem antibiotic. However, Imipenem could not be marketed owing to its instability and nephrotoxicity until cilastatin, an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I), was developed. In present study, the potential roles of renal organic anion transporters (OATs) in alleviating the nephrotoxicity of imipenem by cilastatin were investigated in vitro and in rabbits. Our results indicated that imipenem and cilastatin were substrates of hOAT1 and hOAT3. Cilastatin inhibited hOAT1/3-mediated transport of imipenem with IC50 values comparable to the clinical concentration, suggesting the potential to cause a clinical drug–drug interaction (DDI). Moreover, imipenem exhibited hOAT1/3-dependent cytotoxicity, which was alleviated by cilastatin and probenecid. Furthermore, cilastatin and probenecid ameliorated imipenem-induced rabbit acute kidney injury, and reduced the renal secretion of imipenem. Cilastatin and probenecid inhibited intracellular accumulation of imipenem and sequentially decreased the nephrocyte toxicity in rabbit primary proximal tubule cells. Renal OATs, besides DHP-I, was also the target of interaction between imipenem and cilastatin, and contributed to the nephrotoxicity of imipenem. This therefore gives in part the explanation about the mechanism by which cilastatin protected against imipenem-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, OATs can potentially be used as a therapeutic target to avoid the renal adverse reaction of imipenem in clinic.
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Key Words
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CLp, plasma clearance
- CLr, renal clearance
- CRE, creatinine
- Cil, cilastatin
- Cilastatin
- DDIs, drug-drug interactions
- DHP-I, renal dehydropeptidase-I
- ES, estrone-3-sulfate
- GSH, glutathione
- Imipenem
- Imp, imipenem
- MDA, malonaldehyde
- Nephrotoxicity
- OATs
- OATs, renal organic anion transporters
- PAH, p-aminophenol acid
- Prb, probenecid
- Probenecid
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- hOAT, human OAT
- hOAT1
- hOAT3
- rOAT, rat OAT
- rPTCs, rabbit primary proximal tubule cells
- raOAT, rabbit OAT
- t1/2, half life
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88
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Uddin ME, Sun X, Huang KM, Hu S, Carnes CA, Sparreboom A, Fu Q. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS analytical method for dofetilide in mouse plasma and urine, and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:183-188. [PMID: 31055183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel method using UPLC with tandem mass-spectrometric detection (UPLC-MS/MS) with positive electrospray ionization was developed for the detection of the antiarrhythmic drug, dofetilide, in mouse plasma and urine. Protein precipitation was performed on 10 μL of plasma and 2 μL of urine samples using dofetilide-D4 as an internal standard, and separation of the analyte was accomplished on a C18 analytical column with the flow of 0.40 mL/min. Subsequently, the method was successfully applied to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of dofetilide following oral and intravenous administration. The calibration curve was linear over the selected concentration range (R2 ≥ 0.99), with a lower limit of quantitation of 5 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precisions, and accuracies obtained from a 5-day validation ranged from 3.00 to 7.10%, 3.80-7.20%, and 93.0-106% for plasma, and 3.50-9.00%, 3.70-10.0%, 87.0-106% for urine, while the recovery of dofetilide was 93.7% and 97.4% in plasma and urine, respectively. The observed pharmacokinetic profiles revealed that absorption is the rate-limiting step in dofetilide distribution and elimination. Pharmacokinetic studies illustrate that the absolute bioavailability of dofetilide in the FVB strain mice is 34.5%. The current developed method allows for accurate and precise quantification of dofetilide in micro-volumes of plasma and urine, and was found to be suitable for supporting in vivo pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xinxin Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin M Huang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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89
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Mato EPM, Essop MF, Owira PMO. Effects of naringenin on renal expression of organic cation transporter 1 and 2 proteins and metformin disposition in diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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90
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Casado JL, Monsalvo M, Vizcarra P, Fontecha M, Serrano-Villar S, Moreno S. Evaluation of kidney function in HIV-infected patients receiving an antiretroviral regimen containing one or two inhibitors of the tubular secretion of creatinine. HIV Med 2019; 20:648-656. [PMID: 31321875 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the evolution of renal function in patients receiving one or two inhibitors, according to different baseline factors. Some antiretroviral drugs such as rilpivirine (RPV), dolutegravir (DTG), or cobicistat (COBI), interact with the tubular secretion of creatinine, but there are no data about their impact in renal function evaluation in patients with renal disease or when these drugs are used concomitantly. METHODS A prospective cohort study was carried out in HIV-infected patients who switched to a dual regimen including DTG, RPV or darunavir/COBI, separately or in combination. The primary endpoint was the evolution of the serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR-scr). A control group not receiving any transporter inhibitor was included. RESULTS A total of 288 patients on different dual regimens were included (DTG + RPV, 92; DTG + darunavir/COBI, 23; DTG, 26; COBI, 19; control group, 128). In patients receiving two transporter inhibitors, eGFR-scr decreased by a mean of -8.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 , similar to that observed with the separate use of DTG or COBI (mean of both groups, -8.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 ), while eGFR-scr improved in the control group. Similar evolution of proteinuria and tubular dysfunction was observed in all the groups, and there were no significant changes in the cystatin C-based eGFR. Mean eGFR-scr change inversely correlated with baseline eGFR-scr value (r = -0.39; P < 0.01), with a lower eGFR-scr decrease in patients with chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Similar eGFR-scr decreases were observed in patients using different antiretroviral drugs inhibiting the tubular transport of creatinine, separately or in combination, with no alterations in proteinuria or cystatin C-based eGFR. The lack of additional changes when the drugs were used in combination, and the lower impact in cases of previous chronic kidney disease, suggest that there are compensatory mechanisms for creatinine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Monsalvo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fontecha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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91
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Li CY, Hosey-Cojocari C, Basit A, Unadkat JD, Leeder JS, Prasad B. Optimized Renal Transporter Quantification by Using Aquaporin 1 and Aquaporin 2 as Anatomical Markers: Application in Characterizing the Ontogeny of Renal Transporters and Its Correlation with Hepatic Transporters in Paired Human Samples. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:88. [PMID: 31297641 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal transporters, which are primarily located in the proximal tubules, play an important role in secretion and nephrotoxicity of drugs. The goal of this study was to characterize the age-dependent protein abundance of human renal transporters. A total of 43 human kidneys, 26 of which were paired with livers from the same donors, were obtained and classified into three age groups: children (< 12 years), adolescents (12 to < 18 years), and adults (> 18 years). Protein abundance of kidney-specific anatomical markers, aquaporins 1 and 2 (markers of proximal and distal/collecting tubules, respectively), and 17 transporters was quantified by LC-MS/MS proteomics. Six out of 43 kidney samples were identified as outliers (Grubbs' test) that were significantly different from the others with relatively higher aquaporin 2 to aquaporin 1 ratio, indicating that these cortex samples were likely contaminated by medulla (representing distal/collecting tubules). No significant age-related changes (age > 1 year) were observed for renal transporter abundance, albeit OCT2 abundance was modestly higher (< 50%) in adolescents than that in adults. Higher protein-protein correlation between transporters was observed in the kidney but abundance of transporters between tissues was not correlated. The use of aquaporins 1 and 2 provides a method for identifying kidney cortex with significant contamination from medulla containing distal and collecting tubules. The abundance and protein-protein correlation data can be used in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation of renal drug disposition and clearance in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Yanfei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | | | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - J Steven Leeder
- Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.
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92
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Heybeli C, Oktan MA, Arda HU, Yildiz S, Unlu M, Cavdar C, Sifil A, Celik A, Sarioglu S, Camsari T. Renal tubular P-glycoprotein expression is reduced in plasma cell disorders. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:186-195. [PMID: 30970392 PMCID: PMC6577216 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.18.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transports many chemicals that vary greatly in their structure and function. It is normally expressed in renal proximal tubular cells. We hypothesized that P-gp expression influences light chain excretion. Therefore, we investigated whether renal tubular P-gp expression is altered in patients with plasma cell disorders. Methods We evaluated renal biopsy specimens from patients with plasma cell disorders (n = 16) and primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (the control group, n = 17). Biopsies were stained with an anti-P-gp antibody. Loss of P-gp expression was determined semi-quantitatively. Groups were compared for loss of P-gp expression, and clinical variables. Results P-gp expression loss was more severe in patients with plasma cell disorders than it was in those with glomerulonephritis (P = 0.021). In contrast, clinical and histological parameters including serum creatinine, level of urinary protein excretion, and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy grade were not significantly different between the groups. P-gp expression loss increased with age in patients with plasma cell disorders (P = 0.071). This expression loss was not associated with serum creatinine, the level of urinary protein excretion or the interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy grade. There was no significant association between the severity of P-gp expression loss with the types and serum levels of light chains, isotypes and serum immunoglobulin levels. Conclusion Renal tubular P-gp expression is significantly down-regulated in patients with plasma cell disorders characterized by nephrotic range proteinuria. Additional studies are needed to determine whether reintroduction of renal tubular P-gp expression would mitigate the proximal tubular injury that is caused by free-light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Heybeli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Asi Oktan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hayri Ustun Arda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildiz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehtat Unlu
- Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Cavdar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Sifil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Celik
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sulen Sarioglu
- Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taner Camsari
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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93
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Yaneff A, Sahores A, Gómez N, Carozzo A, Shayo C, Davio C. MRP4/ABCC4 As a New Therapeutic Target: Meta-Analysis to Determine cAMP Binding Sites as a Tool for Drug Design. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1270-1307. [PMID: 29284392 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171229133259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MRP4 transports multiple endogenous and exogenous substances and is critical not only for detoxification but also in the homeostasis of several signaling molecules. Its dysregulation has been reported in numerous pathological disorders, thus MRP4 appears as an attractive therapeutic target. However, the efficacy of MRP4 inhibitors is still controversial. The design of specific pharmacological agents with the ability to selectively modulate the activity of this transporter or modify its affinity to certain substrates represents a challenge in current medicine and chemical biology. The first step in the long process of drug rational design is to identify the therapeutic target and characterize the mechanism by which it affects the given pathology. In order to develop a pharmacological agent with high specific activity, the second step is to systematically study the structure of the target and identify all the possible binding sites. Using available homology models and mutagenesis assays, in this review we recapitulate the up-to-date knowledge about MRP structure and aligned amino acid sequences to identify the candidate MRP4 residues where cyclic nucleotides bind. We have also listed the most relevant MRP inhibitors studied to date, considering drug safety and specificity for MRP4 in particular. This meta-analysis platform may serve as a basis for the future development of inhibitors of MRP4 cAMP specific transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Yaneff
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Sahores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Carozzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Shayo
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Davio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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94
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Hebenstreit D, Pichler R, Heidegger I. Drug-Drug Interactions in Prostate Cancer Treatment. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 18:e71-e82. [PMID: 31677899 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which can cause serious and debilitating drug-induced adverse events. With a steadily aging population and associated increasing multimorbidity and polypharmacy, the potential for DDIs becomes considerably important. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and occurs mostly in elderly men in the Western world. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give an overview of DDIs in PCa therapy to better understand pharmacodynamic and pharm kinetic side effects as well as their interactions with other medications. Last, we explore potential future strategies, which might help to optimize treatment and reduce adverse events patients with polypharmacy and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hebenstreit
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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95
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Bublitz CM, Mzyk DA, Mays T, Fajt VR, Hairgrove T, Baynes RE. Comparative plasma and urine concentrations of flunixin and meloxicam in goats. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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96
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Zhou L, Tong X, Sharma P, Xu H, Al‐Huniti N, Zhou D. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to predict exposure differences in healthy volunteers and subjects with renal impairment: Ceftazidime case study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:100-107. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit AstraZeneca Boston Massachusetts
| | - Xiao Tong
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit AstraZeneca Boston Massachusetts
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Mechanistic Safety and ADME Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit AstraZeneca Boston Massachusetts
| | - Nidal Al‐Huniti
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit AstraZeneca Boston Massachusetts
| | - Diansong Zhou
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit AstraZeneca Boston Massachusetts
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97
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Li Z, Fisher C, Gardner I, Ghosh A, Litchfield J, Maurer TS. Modeling Exposure to Understand and Predict Kidney Injury. Semin Nephrol 2019; 39:176-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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98
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99
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Sabapathy V, Cheru NT, Corey R, Mohammad S, Sharma R. A Novel Hybrid Cytokine IL233 Mediates regeneration following Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxic Injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3215. [PMID: 30824764 PMCID: PMC6397151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury, whether due to ischemic insults or chemotherapeutic agents, is exacerbated by inflammation, whereas Tregs are protective. We recently showed that IL-2 and IL-33, especially as a hybrid cytokine (IL233 - bearing IL-2 and IL-33 activities in one molecule), potentiated Tregs and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to prevent renal injury. Recent studies have indicated a reparative function for Tregs and ILC2. Here, using doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxic renal injury model, we investigated whether IL233 administration either before, late or very late after renal injury can restore kidney structure and function. We found that IL233 treatment even 2-weeks post-doxorubicin completely restored kidney function accompanied with an increase Treg and ILC2 in lymphoid and renal compartments, augmented anti-inflammatory cytokines and attenuated proinflammatory cytokine levels. IL233 treated mice had reduced inflammation, kidney injury (Score values - saline: 3.34 ± 0.334; IL233 pre: 0.42 ± 0.162; IL233 24 hrs: 1.34 ± 0.43; IL233 1 week: 1.2 ± 0.41; IL233 2 week: 0.47 ± 0.37; IL233 24 hrs + PC61: 3.5 ± 0.74) and fibrosis in all treatment regimen as compared to saline controls. Importantly, mice treated with IL233 displayed a reparative program in the kidneys, as evidenced by increased expression of genes for renal progenitor-cells and nephron segments. Our findings present the first evidence of an immunoregulatory cytokine, IL233, which could be a potent therapeutic strategy that augments Treg and ILC2 to not only inhibit renal injury, but also promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800133, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Nardos Tesfaye Cheru
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800133, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Rebecca Corey
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800133, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800133, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800133, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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100
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Gini J, Olagunju A, Dickinson L, Waitt C, Neary M, Else LJ, Siccardi M, Khoo S. Impact of pharmacogenetics and pregnancy on tenofovir and emtricitabine pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:217-223. [PMID: 30767719 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Treatment and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in pregnancy utilizes tenofovir (TFV) and emtricitabine (FTC) as NRTI backbone in combination with a third agent from a different class. We hypothesized that combined effect of pregnancy and pharmacogenetics significantly changes TFV and FTC pharmacokinetics (PK). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the role of SNPs of transporters (ABCC2 and ABCC4) on TFV and FTC PK during pregnancy. METHOD 61 pregnant or postpartum women on TFV and FTC were selected from a group of pregnant and postpartum Nigerian women and both SNPs and drug levels were evaluated. RESULTS Pregnancy decreases TFV plasma concentration by 26% (log10 β = -0.131 [-0.228, -0.034; p = 0.009] at median [range] time-point postdose 14 [7-18.5h]). FTC concentration in individuals with ABCC2 12:g.154962860T>C TT genotype were one- to twofold higher than heterozygous (CT) and homozygous (CC) women. All other evaluated SNPs were not significant. CONCLUSION Pregnancy decreased TFV concentration and significant relationship was found between FTC and ABCC2 12:g.154962860T>C wild-type allele. However, the interplay between pregnancy and pharmacogenetics on TFV and FTC PK is unclear but require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Gini
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adeniyi Olagunju
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Laura Dickinson
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Catriona Waitt
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Tropical and Infectious diseases department, Liverpool, UK
| | - Megan Neary
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura J Else
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marco Siccardi
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Tropical and Infectious diseases department, Liverpool, UK
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