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Ribas V, Drew BG, Zhou Z, Phun J, Kalajian NY, Soleymani T, Daraei P, Widjaja K, Wanagat J, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Fluitt AH, Bensinger S, Le T, Radu C, Whitelegge JP, Beaven SW, Tontonoz P, Lusis AJ, Parks BW, Vergnes L, Reue K, Singh H, Bopassa JC, Toro L, Stefani E, Watt MJ, Schenk S, Akerstrom T, Kelly M, Pedersen BK, Hewitt SC, Korach KS, Hevener AL. Skeletal muscle action of estrogen receptor α is critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis in females. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:334ra54. [PMID: 27075628 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired estrogen receptor α (ERα) action promotes obesity and metabolic dysfunction in humans and mice; however, the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes remain unknown. Considering that skeletal muscle is a primary tissue responsible for glucose disposal and oxidative metabolism, we established that reduced ERα expression in muscle is associated with glucose intolerance and adiposity in women and female mice. To test this relationship, we generated muscle-specific ERα knockout (MERKO) mice. Impaired glucose homeostasis and increased adiposity were paralleled by diminished muscle oxidative metabolism and bioactive lipid accumulation in MERKO mice. Aberrant mitochondrial morphology, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and impairment in basal and stress-induced mitochondrial fission dynamics, driven by imbalanced protein kinase A-regulator of calcineurin 1-calcineurin signaling through dynamin-related protein 1, tracked with reduced oxidative metabolism in MERKO muscle. Although muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance was similar between the genotypes, ERα deficiency diminished mtDNA turnover by a balanced reduction in mtDNA replication and degradation. Our findings indicate the retention of dysfunctional mitochondria in MERKO muscle and implicate ERα in the preservation of mitochondrial health and insulin sensitivity as a defense against metabolic disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Ribas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian G Drew
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Phun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nareg Y Kalajian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Teo Soleymani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pedram Daraei
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Amy H Fluitt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven Bensinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thuc Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caius Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Neuropsychiatric Institute-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Simon W Beaven
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jean C Bopassa
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ligia Toro
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Enrico Stefani
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thorbjorn Akerstrom
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Meghan Kelly
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sylvia C Hewitt
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. UCLA Iris Cantor Women's Health Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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52
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Macroautophagy and Selective Mitophagy Ameliorate Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential in Adipose Stem Cells of Equine Metabolic Syndrome: New Findings in the Field of Progenitor Cells Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3718468. [PMID: 28053691 PMCID: PMC5178365 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3718468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is mainly characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, and local or systemic inflammation. That unfriendly environment of adipose tissue has huge impact on stem cells population (ASC) residing within. In the present study, using molecular biology techniques and multiple imaging techniques (SEM, FIB-SEM, and confocal microscopy), we evaluated the impact of EMS on ASC viability and chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, we visualized the mitochondrial network and dynamics in ASCCTRL and ASCEMS during control and chondrogenic conditions. In control conditions, ASCEMS were characterized by increased mitochondrial fission in comparison to ASCCTRL. We found that extensive remodeling of mitochondrial network including fusion and fission occurs during early step of differentiation. Moreover, we observed mitochondria morphology deterioration in ASCEMS. These conditions seem to cause autophagic shift in ASCEMS, as we observed increased accumulation of LAMP2 and formation of multiple autophagosomes in those cells, some of which contained dysfunctional mitochondria. “Autophagic” switch may be a rescue mechanism allowing ASCEMS to clear impaired by ROS proteins and mitochondria. Moreover it provides a precursors-to-macromolecules synthesis, especially during chondrogenesis. Our data indicates that autophagy in ASCEMS would be crucial for the quality control mechanisms and maintenance of cellular homeostasis ASCEMS allowing them to be in “stemness” status.
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53
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Nagalski A, Kozinski K, Wisniewska MB. Metabolic pathways in the periphery and brain: Contribution to mental disorders? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 80:19-30. [PMID: 27644152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between mental disorders and diabetes has a long history. Recent large-scale, well-controlled epidemiological studies confirmed a link between diabetes and psychiatric illnesses. The scope of this review is to summarize our current understanding of this relationship from a molecular perspective. We first discuss the potential contribution of diabetes-associated metabolic impairments to the etiology of mental conditions. Then, we focus on possible shared molecular risk factors and mechanisms. Simple comorbidity, shared susceptibility loci, and common pathophysiological processes in diabetes and mental illnesses have changed our traditional way of thinking about mental illness. We conclude that schizophrenia and affective disorders are not limited to an imbalance in dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in the brain. They are also systemic disorders that can be considered, to some extent, as metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nagalski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kozinski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta B Wisniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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54
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Sah SP, Singh B, Choudhary S, Kumar A. Animal models of insulin resistance: A review. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1165-1177. [PMID: 27639595 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance can be seen as a molecular and genetic mystery, with a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a basis for a number of chronic diseases like hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, coronary heart disease, cerebral vascular disease along with T2DM, thus the key is to cure and prevent insulin resistance. Critical perspicacity into the etiology of insulin resistance have been gained by the use of animal models where insulin action has been modulated by various transgenic and non-transgenic models which is not possible in human studies. The following review comprises the pathophysiology involved in insulin resistance, various factors causing insulin resistance, their screening and various genetic and non-genetic animal models highlighting the pathological and metabolic characteristics of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Barinder Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Supriti Choudhary
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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55
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Liu JC, Liu J, Holmström KM, Menazza S, Parks RJ, Fergusson MM, Yu ZX, Springer DA, Halsey C, Liu C, Murphy E, Finkel T. MICU1 Serves as a Molecular Gatekeeper to Prevent In Vivo Mitochondrial Calcium Overload. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1561-1573. [PMID: 27477272 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MICU1 is a component of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, a multiprotein complex that also includes MICU2, MCU, and EMRE. Here, we describe a mouse model of MICU1 deficiency. MICU1(-/-) mitochondria demonstrate altered calcium uptake, and deletion of MICU1 results in significant, but not complete, perinatal mortality. Similar to afflicted patients, viable MICU1(-/-) mice manifest marked ataxia and muscle weakness. Early in life, these animals display a range of biochemical abnormalities, including increased resting mitochondrial calcium levels, altered mitochondrial morphology, and reduced ATP. Older MICU1(-/-) mice show marked, spontaneous improvement coincident with improved mitochondrial calcium handling and an age-dependent reduction in EMRE expression. Remarkably, deleting one allele of EMRE helps normalize calcium uptake while simultaneously rescuing the high perinatal mortality observed in young MICU1(-/-) mice. Together, these results demonstrate that MICU1 serves as a molecular gatekeeper preventing calcium overload and suggests that modulating the calcium uniporter could have widespread therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kira M Holmström
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara Menazza
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Randi J Parks
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria M Fergusson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle A Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles Halsey
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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56
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de Oliveira MR. Fluoxetine and the mitochondria: A review of the toxicological aspects. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:185-191. [PMID: 27392437 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)) is used as an antidepressant by modulating the levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. Nevertheless, fluoxetine also induces undesirable effects, such as anxiety, sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and gastrointestinal impairments. Fluoxetine has been viewed as an agent that may interfere with cell fate by triggering apoptosis. On the other hand, fluoxetine intake has been associated with increased cancer risk. Nonetheless, data remain contradictory and no conclusions were taken. Several studies demonstrated that fluoxetine interacts with mitochondria triggering apoptosis and/or altering mitochondrial function by modulating the activity of respiratory chain components and enzymes of the Krebs cycle. Furthermore, fluoxetine affects mitochondria-related redox parameters in different experimental models. In this review, data demonstrating the effects of fluoxetine upon mammalian mitochondria are described and discussed, as well as several unsolved questions in this field of research are addressed. A separate section deals with future needs regarding the research involving the impact of fluoxetine treatment upon mitochondria and mitochondria-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil.
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57
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Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Monoamine Oxidase Contribution to Oxidative Stress in Human Diabetic Hearts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8470394. [PMID: 27190576 PMCID: PMC4846770 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8470394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-related oxidative stress is a pathomechanism causally linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, mitochondrial monoamine oxidases (MAOs) have emerged as novel sources of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system and experimental diabetes. The present study was purported to assess the mitochondrial impairment and the contribution of MAOs-related oxidative stress to the cardiovascular dysfunction in coronary patients with/without DM. Right atrial appendages were obtained from 75 patients randomized into 3 groups: (1) Control (CTRL), valvular patients without CHD; (2) CHD, patients with confirmed CHD; and (3) CHD-DM, patients with CHD and DM. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry and MAOs expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission was assessed by confocal microscopy and spectrophotometrically. The impairment of mitochondrial respiration was substrate-independent in CHD-DM group. MAOs expression was comparable among the groups, with the predominance of MAO-B isoform but no significant differences regarding oxidative stress were detected by either method. Incubation of atrial samples with MAOs inhibitors significantly reduced the H2O2 in all groups. In conclusion, abnormal mitochondrial respiration occurs in CHD and is more severe in DM and MAOs contribute to oxidative stress in human diseased hearts with/without DM.
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58
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Fujita Y, Taniguchi Y, Shinkai S, Tanaka M, Ito M. Secreted growth differentiation factor 15 as a potential biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunctions in aging and age-related disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 Suppl 1:17-29. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Fujita
- Research Teams for; Mechanism of Aging; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yu Taniguchi
- Social Participation and Community Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Social Participation and Community Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Research Teams for; Mechanism of Aging; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
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59
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Vial G, Le Guen M, Lamarche F, Detaille D, Cottet-Rousselle C, Demaison L, Hininger-Favier I, Theurey P, Crouzier D, Debouzy JC, Dubouchaud H, Fontaine É. Liver mitochondrial function in ZDF rats during the early stages of diabetes disease. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/3/e12686. [PMID: 26847727 PMCID: PMC4758924 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the early alterations of the liver mitochondrial function in ZDF (fa/fa) rats that develop diabetes compared to that of their lean counterparts ZDF (fa/+). Liver mitochondrial function was examined in 11‐ and 14‐week‐old ZDF (fa/fa) and ZDF lean (fa/+) rats. Oxygen consumption, H2O2 release, calcium retention capacity (CRC), membrane potential, membrane fluidity, and fatty acid composition were analyzed. State 3 oxygen consumption with palmitoyl‐carnitine increases between 11 and 14 weeks of age in lean but not in diabetic animals. This response was not seen with other substrates, suggesting that the use of fatty acids is impaired in diabetic rats. H2O2 release was lower in 14‐week‐old ZDF (fa/fa) rats as compared to ZDF lean (fa/+). These changes were not associated with differences in enzymatic activities of the respiratory complexes, suggesting regulatory mechanisms independent of their expression levels. Membrane fluidity and composition analyses show only slight effects linked to diabetes progression. The most salient feature was a reduction in CRC in the presence of CsA, an effect reflecting PTP dysregulation. Our data suggest few changes of mitochondrial function in ZDF fa/fa rats. At the age of 11 weeks, liver mitochondria have mainly a reduced effect of CsA on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Vial
- Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud et Rockfeller, INSERM U-1060 Laboratoire CarMeN Université Lyon 1, INRA 1235, INSA de Lyon, Lyon, France European Center For Nutrition and Health, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marie Le Guen
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA) et SFR Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), INSERM U-1055, Grenoble, France Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Lamarche
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA) et SFR Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), INSERM U-1055, Grenoble, France Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Detaille
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux - CRCTB - LIRYC Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, INSERM U-1045 Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Cottet-Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA) et SFR Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), INSERM U-1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Luc Demaison
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA) et SFR Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), INSERM U-1055, Grenoble, France Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, UMR 1019 Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Hininger-Favier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA) et SFR Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), INSERM U-1055, Grenoble, France Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Theurey
- Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud et Rockfeller, INSERM U-1060 Laboratoire CarMeN Université Lyon 1, INRA 1235, INSA de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Crouzier
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées-Unité des Risques Technologiques Emergents, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Jean-Claude Debouzy
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées-Unité des Risques Technologiques Emergents, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Hervé Dubouchaud
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA) et SFR Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), INSERM U-1055, Grenoble, France Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
| | - Éric Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA) et SFR Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), INSERM U-1055, Grenoble, France Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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60
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Whitaker RM, Corum D, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Mitochondrial Biogenesis as a Pharmacological Target: A New Approach to Acute and Chronic Diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:229-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Whitaker
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Daniel Corum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Craig C. Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; , , ,
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61
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Wang CH, Tsai TF, Wei YH. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis in insulin insensitivity of mammalian cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015. [PMID: 26214798 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play an important role in the maintenance of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and their defects may be etiological factors contributing to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies indicate that alterations of Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+) -dependent signaling pathways can impede the insulin signaling cascade, resulting in insulin resistance of β cells and insulin-responsive cells. Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are essential for efficient communication between the ER and mitochondria. Thus, abnormalities in the structure and function of MAMs in affected tissue cells in T2D are an important area of study. Recently, we demonstrated that a deficiency of Cisd2, an iron-sulfur protein localized on MAMs, could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbance of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Moreover, we first elucidated that defects in the function of MAMs in Ca(2+) uptake resulted in insulin insensitivity of adipocytes, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in Cisd2 knockout mice. On the basis of these observations, we suggest improving the bioenergetic function of mitochondria and the function of MAMs in maintaining Ca(2+) homeostasis as a novel strategy for the development of new therapeutics aimed at preventing and treating insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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62
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Hafizi Abu Bakar M, Kian Kai C, Wan Hassan WN, Sarmidi MR, Yaakob H, Zaman Huri H. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a central event for mechanisms underlying insulin resistance: the roles of long chain fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:453-75. [PMID: 25139820 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the progression of this metabolic disease. There have been a steady accumulation of data in numerous experimental studies showing the strong correlations between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that the raised plasma free fatty acid level induced insulin resistance with the significant alteration of oxidative metabolism in various target tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. In this review, we herein propose the idea of long chain fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions as one of the key events in the pathophysiological development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipotoxicity, inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of mitochondrial gene subset expressions are the most detrimental that lead to the developments of aberrant intracellular insulin signalling activity in a number of peripheral tissues, thereby leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Kian Kai
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Najihah Wan Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Investigation Centre, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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63
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Ha BG, Park JE, Cho HJ, Shon YH. Stimulatory Effects of Balanced Deep Sea Water on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129972. [PMID: 26068191 PMCID: PMC4466323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes, is increasing. Mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a core feature of these diseases. Emerging evidence also suggests that defects in mitochondrial biogenesis, number, morphology, fusion, and fission, contribute to the development and progression of metabolic diseases. Our previous studies revealed that balanced deep-sea water (BDSW) has potential as a treatment for diabetes and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which BDSW regulates diabetes and obesity by studying its effects on mitochondrial metabolism. To determine whether BDSW regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function, we investigated its effects on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial enzyme activity, and the expression of transcription factors and mitochondria specific genes, as well as on the phosphorylation of signaling molecules associated with mitochondria biogenesis and its function in C2C12 myotubes. BDSW increased mitochondrial biogenesis in a time and dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that BDSW enhances gene expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM for mitochondrial transcription; MFN1/2 and DRP1 for mitochondrial fusion; OPA1 for mitochondrial fission; TOMM40 and TIMM44 for mitochondrial protein import; CPT-1α and MCAD for fatty acid oxidation; CYTC for oxidative phosphorylation. Upregulation of these genes was validated by increased mitochondria staining, CS activity, CytC oxidase activity, NAD+ to NADH ratio, and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules such as AMPK and SIRT1. Moreover, drinking BDSW remarkably improved mtDNA content in the muscles of HFD-induced obese mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the stimulatory effect of BDSW on mitochondrial biogenesis and function may provide further insights into the regulatory mechanism of BDSW-induced anti-diabetic and anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Shon
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Monoamine Oxidases as Potential Contributors to Oxidative Stress in Diabetes: Time for a Study in Patients Undergoing Heart Surgery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:515437. [PMID: 26101773 PMCID: PMC4458524 DOI: 10.1155/2015/515437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathomechanism causally linked to the progression of chronic cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Mitochondria have emerged as the most relevant source of reactive oxygen species, the major culprit being classically considered the respiratory chain at the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the past decade, several experimental studies unequivocally demonstrated the contribution of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) at the outer mitochondrial membrane to the maladaptative ventricular hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction. This paper addresses the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of heart failure and diabetes together with the mounting evidence for an emerging role of MAO inhibition as putative cardioprotective strategy in both conditions.
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65
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Sirtuin3 Dysfunction Is the Key Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance by Angiotensin II. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127172. [PMID: 25993470 PMCID: PMC4437781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II promotes insulin resistance. The mechanism underlying this abnormality, however, is still poorly defined. In a different setting, skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin signaling are regulated by Sirtuin3. Objective Here, we investigate whether angiotensin II-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is associated with Sirtuin3 dysregulation and whether pharmacological manipulation of Sirtuin3 confers protection. Study Design Parental and GLUT4-myc L6 rat skeletal muscle cells exposed to angiotensin II are used as in vitro models of insulin resistance. GLUT4 translocation, glucose uptake, intracellular molecular signals such as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, Sirtuin3 protein expression and activity, along with its downstream targets and upstream regulators, are analyzed both in the absence and presence of acetyl-L-carnitine. The role of Sirtuin3 in GLUT4 translocation and intracellular molecular signaling is also studied in Sirtuin3-silenced as well as over-expressing cells. Results Angiotensin II promotes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells via mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting in a two-fold increase in superoxide generation. In this context, reactive oxygen species open the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and significantly lower Sirtuin3 levels and activity impairing the cell antioxidant defense. Angiotensin II-induced Sirtuin3 dysfunction leads to the impairment of AMP-activated protein kinase/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase signaling. Acetyl-L-carnitine, by lowering angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial superoxide formation, prevents Sirtuin3 dysfunction. This phenomenon implies the restoration of manganese superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Acetyl-L-carnitine protection is abrogated by specific Sirtuin3 siRNA. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that angiotensin II-induced insulin resistance fosters mitochondrial superoxide generation, in turn leading to Sirtuin3 dysfunction. The present results also highlight Sirtuin3 as a therapeutic target for the insulin-sensitizing effects of acetyl-L-carnitine.
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66
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Lee SE, Koo YD, Lee JS, Kwak SH, Jung HS, Cho YM, Park YJ, Chung SS, Park KS. Retinoid X receptor α overexpression alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance through transcriptional regulation of insulin receptor substrate 1. Mol Cells 2015; 38:356-61. [PMID: 25728751 PMCID: PMC4400311 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. We previously showed that retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) played an important role in transcriptional regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes in cells with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial DNA mutation. In this study, we investigated whether mitochondrial dysfunction induced by incubation with OXPHOS inhibitors affects insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) mRNA and protein levels and whether RXRα activation or overexpression can restore IRS1 expression. Both IRS1 and RXRα protein levels were significantly reduced when C2C12 myotubes were treated with the OXPHOS complex inhibitors, rotenone and antimycin A. The addition of RXRα agonists, 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and LG1506, increased IRS1 transcription and protein levels and restored mitochondrial function, which ultimately improved insulin signaling. RXRα overexpression also increased IRS1 transcription and mitochondrial function. Because RXRα overexpression, knock-down, or activation by LG1506 regulated IRS1 transcription mostly independently of mitochondrial function, it is likely that RXRα directly regulates IRS1 transcription. Consistent with the hypothesis, we showed that RXRα bound to the IRS1 promoter as a heterodimer with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). These results suggest that RXRα overexpression or activation alleviates insulin resistance by increasing IRS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
| | - Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
| | - Ji Seon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744,
Korea
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Rieusset J. Contribution of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction in insulin resistance: Distinct or interrelated roles? DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:358-68. [PMID: 25797073 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulate numerous cellular processes, and are critical contributors to cellular and whole-body homoeostasis. More important, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress are both closely associated with hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, thereby playing crucial roles in altered glucose homoeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The accumulated evidence also suggests a potential interrelationship between alterations in both types of organelles, as mitochondrial dysfunction could participate in activation of the unfolded protein response, whereas ER stress could influence mitochondrial function. The fact that mitochondria and the ER are physically and functionally interconnected via mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) supports their interrelated roles in the pathophysiology of T2DM. However, the mechanisms that coordinate the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, and its relevance to the control of glucose homoeostasis, are still unknown. This review evaluates the involvement of mitochondria and ER independently in the development of peripheral insulin resistance, as well as their potential roles in the disruption of organelle crosstalk at MAM interfaces in the alteration of insulin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rieusset
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1235, INSA of Lyon, Rockefeller and Charles-Merieux Lyon-Sud medical Universities, 69003 Lyon, France; Endocrinology, diabetology and nutrition service, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France.
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68
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Litvinova L, Atochin DN, Fattakhov N, Vasilenko M, Zatolokin P, Kirienkova E. Nitric oxide and mitochondria in metabolic syndrome. Front Physiol 2015; 6:20. [PMID: 25741283 PMCID: PMC4330700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders that collectively increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in the pathogeneses of MS components and is involved in different mitochondrial signaling pathways that control respiration and apoptosis. The present review summarizes the recent information regarding the interrelations of mitochondria and NO in MS. Changes in the activities of different NO synthase isoforms lead to the formation of metabolic disorders and therefore are highlighted here. Reduced endothelial NOS activity and NO bioavailability, as the main factors underlying the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in MS, are discussed in this review in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. We also focus on potential therapeutic strategies involving NO signaling pathways that can be used to treat patients with metabolic disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The article may help researchers develop new approaches for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Litvinova
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Biotechnologies, Innovation Park of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Biotechnologies, Innovation Park of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad, Russia
| | - Mariia Vasilenko
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Biotechnologies, Innovation Park of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad, Russia
| | - Pavel Zatolokin
- Department of Reconstructive and Endoscopic Surgery, Kaliningrad Regional HospitalKaliningrad, Russia
| | - Elena Kirienkova
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Biotechnologies, Innovation Park of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKaliningrad, Russia
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Karaa A, Goldstein A. The spectrum of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of mitochondrial forms of diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:1-9. [PMID: 25330715 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases refer to a group of heterogeneous and complex genetic disorders affecting 1:5000 people. The true prevalence is anticipated to be even higher because of the complexity of achieving a diagnosis in many patients who present with multisystemic complaints ranging from infancy to adulthood. Diabetes is a prominent feature of several of these disorders which might be overlooked by the endocrinologist. We here review mitochondrial disorders and describe the phenotypic and pathogenetic differences between mitochondrial diabetes mellitus (mDM) and other more common forms of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Karaa
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Neurology and Clinical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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70
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Fujita Y, Ito M, Kojima T, Yatsuga S, Koga Y, Tanaka M. GDF15 is a novel biomarker to evaluate efficacy of pyruvate therapy for mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion 2015; 20:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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71
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Picklo MJ, Thyfault JP. Vitamin E and vitamin C do not reduce insulin sensitivity but inhibit mitochondrial protein expression in exercising obese rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 40:343-52. [PMID: 25761734 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Controversy exists as to whether supplementation with the antioxidants vitamin E and vitamin C blocks adaptation to exercise. Exercise is a first-line means to treat obesity and its complications. While diet-induced obesity alters mitochondrial function and induces insulin resistance (IR), no data exist as to whether supplementation with vitamin E and vitamin C modify responses to exercise in pre-existing obesity. We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with vitamin E (0.4 g α-tocopherol acetate/kg) and vitamin C (0.5 g/kg) blocks exercise-induced improvements on IR and mitochondrial content in obese rats maintained on a high-fat (45% fat energy (en)) diet. Diet-induced obese, sedentary rats had a 2-fold higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and larger insulin area under the curve following glucose tolerances test than rats fed a low-fat (10% fat en) diet. Exercising (12 weeks at 5 times per week in a motorized wheel) of obese rats normalized IR indices, an effect not modified by vitamin E and vitamin C. Vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation with exercise elevated mtDNA content in adipose and skeletal muscle to a greater extent (20%) than exercise alone in a depot-specific manner. On the other hand, vitamin C and vitamin E decreased exercise-induced increases in mitochondrial protein content for complex I (40%) and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (35%) in a muscle-dependent manner. These data indicate that vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation in obese rodents does not modify exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity but that changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial protein expression may be modified by antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
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Nunes AR, Alves MG, Moreira PI, Oliveira PF, Silva BM. Can Tea Consumption be a Safe and Effective Therapy Against Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Neurodegeneration? Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:475-89. [PMID: 25977676 PMCID: PMC4428023 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666141204220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is rapidly increasing and has become a major public health problem. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is the most common type, accounting for up to 90-95% of the new diagnosed DM cases. The brain is very susceptible to glucose fluctuations and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress (OS). It is well known that DM and the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases are associated. Tea, Camellia sinensis L., is one of the most consumed beverages. It contains several phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, methylxanthines (mainly caffeine) and L-theanine that are often reported to be responsible for tea's health benefits, including in brain. Tea phytochemicals have been reported to be responsible for tea's significant antidiabetic and neuroprotective properties and antioxidant potential. Epidemiological studies have shown that regular consumption of tea has positive effects on DM-caused complications and protects the brain against oxidative damage, contributing to an improvement of the cognitive function. Among the several reported benefits of tea consumption, those related with neurodegenerative diseases are of great interest. Herein, we discuss the potential beneficial effects of tea consumption and tea phytochemicals on DM and how their action can counteract the severe brain damage induced by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Nunes
- CICS – UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco G. Alves
- CICS – UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- CICS – UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Branca M. Silva
- CICS – UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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73
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: an evolutionary perspective. Hum Genet 2014; 134:13-21. [PMID: 25312050 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric illness with a lifetime prevalence of 0.4 %. A disturbance of energy metabolism has been suggested as part of the etiopathogenesis of the disorder. Several lines of evidence have proposed a connection between etiopathogenesis of SCZ and human brain evolution, which was characterized by an increase in the energy requirement, demanding a co-evolution of the mitochondrial system. Mitochondria are key players in brain energy homeostasis and multiple lines of evidence suggest that the system is disrupted in SCZ. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge on pathways/system involved in the human brain evolution as well as the main theories regarding the evolutionary origin of SCZ. We will furthermore discuss the role of mitochondria in the context of brain energy metabolism and its role in the etiopathogenesis of SCZ. Understanding SCZ in the context of human brain evolution opens a new perspective to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the origin and/or portions of the complex symptomatology of this severe mental disorder.
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Hellgren LI, Jensen RI, Waterstradt MS, Quistorff B, Lauritzen L. Acute and perinatal programming effects of a fat-rich diet on rat muscle mitochondrial function and hepatic lipid accumulation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2014; 93:1170-80. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars I. Hellgren
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis; Department of Systems Biology; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Runa I. Jensen
- Department of Human Nutrition; Faculty of Life Science; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Michelle S.G. Waterstradt
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis; Department of Systems Biology; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Bjørn Quistorff
- Department of Biomedical Science; NMR Center; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Human Nutrition; Faculty of Life Science; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
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Agrawal A, Prakash YS. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and airway disease: a bioenergetic problem? Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:785-96. [PMID: 25282291 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have determined that obesity increases asthma risk or severity. Metabolic changes of obesity, such as diabetes or insulin resistance, are associated with asthma and poorer lung function. Insulin resistance is also found to increase asthma risk independent of body mass. Conversely, asthma is associated with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and obesity. Here we review our current understanding of how dietary and lifestyle factors lead to changes in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular bioenergetics, inducing various components of the cardiometabolic syndrome and airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Jayakumari NR, Reghuvaran AC, Rajendran RS, Pillai VV, Karunakaran J, Sreelatha HV, Gopala S. Are nitric oxide-mediated protein modifications of functional significance in diabetic heart? ye'S, -NO', wh'Y-NO't? Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:35-44. [PMID: 25153035 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein modifications effected by nitric oxide (NO) primarily in conjunction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) include tyrosine nitration, cysteine S-nitrosylation, and glutathionylation. The physiological and pathological relevance of these three modifications is determined by the amino acids on which these modifications occur -cysteine and tyrosine, for instance, ranging from altering structural integrity/catalytic activity of proteins or by altering propensity towards protein degradation. Even though tyrosine nitration is a well-established nitroxidative stress marker, instilled as a footprint of oxygen- and nitrogen-derived oxidants, newer data suggest its wider role in embryonic heart development and substantiate the need to focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of reversibility and specificity of tyrosine nitration. S-nitrosylation is a covalent modification in specific cysteine residues of proteins and is suggested as one of the ways in which NO contributes to its ubiquitous signalling. Several sensitive and specific techniques including biotin switch assay and mass spectrometry based analysis make it possible to identify a large number of these modified proteins, and provide a great deal of potential S-nitrosylation sites. The number of studies that have documented nitrated proteins in diabetic heart is relatively much less compared to what has been published in the normal physiology and other cardiac pathologies. Nevertheless, elucidation of nitrated proteome of diabetic heart has revealed the presence of many mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins of functional importance. But, the existence of different models of diabetes and analyses at diverse stages of this disease have impeded scientists from gaining insights that would be essential to understand the cardiac complications during diabetes. This review summarizes NO mediated protein modifications documented in normal and abnormal heart physiology including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Ravikumar Jayakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Anand Chellappan Reghuvaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Raji Sasikala Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Vivek Velayudhan Pillai
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Jayakumar Karunakaran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Harikrishnan Vijayakumar Sreelatha
- Division of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India.
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Agrawal A. Urban, obese, allergic, and breathless: the shape of things to come? Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:xiii-xviii. [PMID: 25282297 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Agrawal
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Researchin Asthma and Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics andIntegrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
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Stroh M, Swerdlow RH, Zhu H. Common defects of mitochondria and iron in neurodegeneration and diabetes (MIND): a paradigm worth exploring. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:573-83. [PMID: 24361914 PMCID: PMC3972369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A popular, if not centric, approach to the study of an event is to first consider that of the simplest cause. When dissecting the underlying mechanisms governing idiopathic diseases, this generally takes the form of an ab initio genetic approach. To date, this genetic 'smoking gun' has remained elusive in diabetes mellitus and for many affected by neurodegenerative diseases. With no single gene, or even subset of genes, conclusively causative in all cases, other approaches to the etiology and treatment of these diseases seem reasonable, including the correlation of a systems' predisposed sensitivity to particular influence. In the cases of diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases, overlapping themes of mitochondrial influence or dysfunction and iron dyshomeostasis are apparent and relatively consistent. This mini-review discusses the influence of mitochondrial function and iron homeostasis on diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disease, namely Alzheimer's disease. Also discussed is the incidence of diabetes accompanied by neuropathy and neurodegeneration along with neurodegenerative disorders prone to development of diabetes. Mouse models containing multiple facets of this overlap are also described alongside current molecular trends attributed to both diseases. As a way of approaching the idiopathic and complex nature of these diseases we are proposing the consideration of a MIND (mitochondria, iron, neurodegeneration, and diabetes) paradigm in which systemic metabolic influence, iron homeostasis, and respective genetic backgrounds play a central role in the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stroh
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Hao Zhu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Sharma V, Sharma I, Singh VP, Verma S, Pandita A, Singh V, Rai E, Sharma S. mtDNA G10398A variation provides risk to type 2 diabetes in population group from the Jammu region of India. Meta Gene 2014; 2:269-73. [PMID: 25606409 PMCID: PMC4287871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion plays an integral role in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC) is involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation and ATP mediated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. β-cell dysfunction is a critical component in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mtDNA G10398A variation (amino acid change: Alanine → Threonine) within the NADH dehydrogenase (ND3) subunit of complex I of mtDNA ETC, has emerged as a variation of clinical significance in various disorders including T2D. This variation is supposed to result in altered complex I function, leading to an increased rate of electron leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which might cause β-cell damage and impaired insulin secretion. The aim of the study was to explore the association of mtDNA G10398A variation with T2D in a total of 439 samples (196 T2D cases and 243 healthy controls) belonging to the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The candidate gene association analyses showed significant association of mtDNA G10398A variant with T2D and the estimated odds ratio (OR) was 2.83 (1.64–4.90 at 95% CI) in the studied population group. The extent of genetic heterogeneity in T2D and diversity of the Indian population groups, make such replication studies pertinent to understand the etiology of T2D in these population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Swarkar Sharma
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 91 1991 285535//285524//285634//285699x2533; fax: + 91 1991 285694.
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