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Cheng W, Lu J, Wang B, Sun L, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding Z. Inhibition of inflammation-induced injury and cell migration by coelonin and militarine in PM 2.5-exposed human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173931. [PMID: 33549578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies suggest that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollutants in the air are easily enter into alveoli and even the bloodstream, resulting in an inflammatory response that not only triggers respiratory disorders but also causes permanent damage to various organs. Recent findings suggest that coelonin and militarine enriched in orchids can inhibit inflammation-induced injury against respiratory diseases. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of coelonin and militarine and examined their underlying molecular mechanisms in A549 cells exposed to PM2.5. PM2.5 induced significant intracellular reactive oxidative stress accumulation at a concentration of 250 μg/ml, as determined using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence assay. Cell viability was assessed via the MTS assay to determine the concentrations of compounds appropriate for use in subsequent experiments. Data from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that both coelonin (10 and 20 μg/ml) and militarine (5 and 10 μg/ml) mitigated PM2.5-induced inflammation by reducing the generation of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed a remarkable decrease in IL-6, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA levels in the coelonin and militarine-pretreated groups. In Western blot analysis, expression of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) protein in the coelonin and militarine pretreatment groups was significantly increased compared with the PM2.5 (only) treatment group (P < 0.05), concomitant with a significant decrease in phospho-IκB kinase β/IκB kinase β (p-IKKβ/IKKβ), phospho-nuclear factor of kappa B p65/nuclear factor of kappa B p65 (p-NF-κBp65/NF-κBp65) and COX-2 proteins (P < 0.05). Both coelonin and militarine inhibited migration and inflammation by suppressing PM2.5-induced IKK phosphorylation, and followed by IκBα protein degradation and NF-κB activation. Our collective data strongly supported the utility of coelonin and militarine as novel sources for development of treatments for PM2.5-induced lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixu Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Sun
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Lu X, Li R, Yan X. Airway hyperresponsiveness development and the toxicity of PM2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6374-6391. [PMID: 33394441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is characterized by excessive bronchoconstriction in response to nonspecific stimuli, thereby leading to airway stenosis and increased airway resistance. AHR is recognized as a key characteristic of asthma and is associated with significant morbidity. At present, many studies on the molecular mechanisms of AHR have mainly focused on the imbalance in Th1/Th2 cell function and the abnormal contraction of airway smooth muscle cells. However, the specific mechanisms of AHR remain unclear and need to be systematically elaborated. In addition, the effect of air pollution on the respiratory system has become a worldwide concern. To date, numerous studies have indicated that certain concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can increase airway responsiveness and induce acute exacerbation of asthma. Of note, the concentration of PM2.5 does correlate with the degree of AHR. Numerous studies exploring the toxicity of PM2.5 have mainly focused on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy, and so on. However, there have been few reviews systematically elaborating the molecular mechanisms by which PM2.5 induces AHR. The present review separately sheds light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of AHR and PM2.5-induced AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rongqin Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xixin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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Linares C, Belda F, López-Bueno JA, Luna MY, Sánchez-Martínez G, Hervella B, Culqui D, Díaz J. Short-term associations of air pollution and meteorological variables on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in Madrid (Spain): a time series study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:107. [PMID: 34513550 PMCID: PMC8420149 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are studies that analyze the role of meteorological variables on the incidence and severity of COVID-19, and others that explore the role played by air pollutants, but currently there are very few studies that analyze the impact of both effects together. This is the aim of the current study. We analyzed data corresponding to the period from February 1 to May 31, 2020 for the City of Madrid. As meteorological variables, maximum daily temperature (Tmax) in ºC and mean daily absolute humidity (AH) in g/m3 were used corresponding to the mean values recorded by all Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) observatories in the Madrid region. Atmospheric pollutant data for PM10 and NO2 in µg/m3 for the Madrid region were provided by the Spanish Environmental Ministry (MITECO). Daily incidence, daily hospital admissions per 100.000 inhabitants, daily ICU admissions and daily death rates per million inhabitants were used as dependent variables. These data were provided by the ISCIII Spanish National Epidemiology Center. Generalized linear models with Poisson link were performed between the dependent and independent variables, controlling for seasonality, trend and the autoregressive nature of the series. RESULTS The results of the single-variable models showed a negative association between Tmax and all of the dependent variables considered, except in the case of deaths, in which lower temperatures were associated with higher rates. AH also showed the same behavior with the COVID-19 variables analyzed and with the lags, similar to those obtained with Tmax. In terms of atmospheric pollutants PM10 and NO2, both showed a positive association with the dependent variables. Only PM10 was associated with the death rate. Associations were established between lags 12 and 21 for PM10 and between 0 and 28 for NO2, indicating a short-term association of NO2 with the disease. In the two-variable models, the role of NO2 was predominant compared to PM10. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the environmental variables analyzed are related to the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the Community of Madrid. In general, low temperatures and low humidity in the atmosphere affect the spread of the virus. Air pollution, especially NO2, is associated with a higher incidence and severity of the disease. The impact that these environmental factors are small (in terms of relative risk) and by themselves cannot explain the behavior of the incidence and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio López-Bueno
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dante Culqui
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Shahbaz MA, Martikainen MV, Rönkkö TJ, Komppula M, Jalava PI, Roponen M. Urban air PM modifies differently immune defense responses against bacterial and viral infections in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110244. [PMID: 32980306 PMCID: PMC7516585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has shown the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral respiratory infections. However, to date, the underlying mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of PM remain unclear. Our objective was to explore how exposure to relatively low doses of urban air PM alters innate responses to bacterial and viral stimuli in vitro. We used secondary alveolar epithelial cell line along with monocyte-derived macrophages to replicate innate lung barrier in vitro. Co-cultured cells were first exposed for 24 h to PM2.5-1 (particle aerodynamic diameter between 1 and 2.5 μm) and subsequently for an additional 24 h to lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (TLR3), and synthetic single-stranded RNA oligoribonucleotides (TLR7/8) to mimic bacterial or viral stimulation. Toxicological endpoints included pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α), cellular metabolic activity, and cell cycle phase distribution. We show that cells exposed to PM2.5-1 produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines following stimulation with bacterial TLR4 ligand than cells exposed to PM2.5-1 or bacterial ligand alone. On the contrary, PM2.5-1 exposure reduced pro-inflammatory responses to viral ligands TLR3 and TLR7/8. Cell cycle analysis indicated that viral ligands induced cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase. In PM-primed co-cultures, however, they failed to induce the G2-M phase arrest. Contrarily, bacterial stimulation caused a slight increase in cells in the sub-G1 phase but in PM2.5-1 primed co-cultures the effect of bacterial stimulation was masked by PM2.5-1. These findings indicate that PM2.5-1 may alter responses of immune defense differently against bacterial and viral infections. Further studies are required to explain the mechanism of immune modulation caused by PM in altering the susceptibility to respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Shahbaz
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Maria-Viola Martikainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu J Rönkkö
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Komppula
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1F, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Jayawardena TU, Sanjeewa KKA, Lee HG, Nagahawatta DP, Yang HW, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation/Oxidative Stress in Macrophages: Fucosterol from Padina boryana as a Potent Protector, Activated via NF-κB/MAPK Pathways and Nrf2/HO-1 Involvement. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E628. [PMID: 33317054 PMCID: PMC7763233 DOI: 10.3390/md18120628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucosterol is a phytosterol that is abundant in marine brown algae and is a renowned secondary metabolite. However, its ability to protect macrophages against particulate matter (PM) has not been clarified with regard to inflammation; thus, this study aimed to illustrate the above. Padina boryana, a brown algae that is widespread in Indo-Pacific waters, was applied in the isolation of fucosterol. Isolation was conducted using silica open columns, while identification was assisted with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and NMR. Elevated levels of PM led the research objectives toward the implementation of it as a stimulant. Both inflammation and oxidative stress were caused due the fact of its effect. RAW 264.7 macrophages were used as a model system to evaluate the process. It was apparent that the increased NO production levels, due to the PM, were mediated through the inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)). Further, investigations provided solid evidence regarding the involvement of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the process. Oxidative stress/inflammation which are inseparable components of the cellular homeostasis were intersected through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conclusively, fucosterol is a potent protector against PM-induced inflammation in macrophages and hence be utilized as natural product secondary metabolite in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.-W.Y.)
| | - K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.-W.Y.)
| | - Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.-W.Y.)
| | - D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.-W.Y.)
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.-W.Y.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; (T.U.J.); (K.K.A.S.); (H.-G.L.); (D.P.N.); (H.-W.Y.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
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56
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Cáceres L, Paz ML, Garcés M, Calabró V, Magnani ND, Martinefski M, Martino Adami PV, Caltana L, Tasat D, Morelli L, Tripodi V, Valacchi G, Alvarez S, González Maglio D, Marchini T, Evelson P. NADPH oxidase and mitochondria are relevant sources of superoxide anion in the oxinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to airborne particulate matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111186. [PMID: 32853868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. In this context, alveolar macrophages exhibit proinflammatory and oxidative responses as a result of the clearance of particles, thus contributing to lung injury. However, the mechanisms linking these pathways are not completely clarified. Therefore, the oxinflammation phenomenon was studied in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA), a PM surrogate rich in transition metals. While cell viability was not compromised under the experimental conditions, a proinflammatory phenotype was observed in cells incubated with ROFA 100 μg/mL, characterized by increased levels of TNF-α and NO production, together with PM uptake. This inflammatory response seems to precede alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by augmented levels of H2O2, diminished GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased SOD activity. This scenario resulted in increased oxidative damage to phospholipids. Moreover, alterations in mitochondrial respiration were observed following ROFA incubation, such as diminished coupling efficiency and spare respiratory capacity, together with augmented proton leak. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria were identified as the main sources of superoxide anion () in our model. These results indicate that PM exposure induces direct activation of macrophages, leading to inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species production through NOX and mitochondria, which impairs antioxidant defense and may cause mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cáceres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Mariela L Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garcés
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Natalia D Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Manuela Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Pamela V Martino Adami
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Laura Caltana
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Argentina
| | - Deborah Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Argentina
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina
| | - Daniel González Maglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
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Kashiwagi K, Iizuka Y. Effect and underlying mechanisms of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19516. [PMID: 33177636 PMCID: PMC7659009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Health problems caused by airborne particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 (PM2.5), especially in the respiratory system, have become a worldwide problem, but the influence and mechanisms of PM2.5 on the ocular surface have not been sufficiently elucidated. We investigated in vitro the onset and pathogenesis of corneal damage induced by PM2.5. Two types of PM2.5 samples originating from Beijing (designated #28) and the Gobi Desert (designated #30) were added to the culture medium of immortalized cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) to examine the effects on survival rates, autophagy, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Both types of PM2.5 significantly reduced the HCEC survival rate in a concentration-dependent manner by triggering autophagy. In particular, compared with #30, #28 induced much more severe damage in HCECs. Physical contact between PM2.5 and HCECs was not a primary contributor to PM2.5-induced HCEC damage. Among the 38 proinflammatory cytokines examined in this study, significant increases in the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-6 levels and a significant reduction in the interleukin-8 level were detected in culture medium of PM2.5-exposed HCECs. Simultaneous addition of a GM-CSF inhibitor, suramin, alleviated the HCEC impairment induced by PM2.5. In conclusion, PM2.5 induces HCEC death by triggering autophagy. Some cytokines that are released from HCECs, including GM-CSF, may be involved in HCEC damage caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yoko Iizuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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58
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Daiber A, Kuntic M, Hahad O, Delogu LG, Rohrbach S, Di Lisa F, Schulz R, Münzel T. Effects of air pollution particles (ultrafine and fine particulate matter) on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress - Implications for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108662. [PMID: 33159890 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a major cause of global mortality and burden of disease. All chemical pollution forms together may be responsible for up to 12 million annual excess deaths as estimated by the Lancet Commission on pollution and health as well as the World Health Organization. Ambient air pollution by particulate matter (PM) and ozone was found to be associated with an all-cause mortality rate of up to 9 million in the year 2015, with the majority being of cerebro- and cardiovascular nature (e.g. stroke and ischemic heart disease). Recent evidence suggests that exposure to airborne particles and gases contributes to and accelerates neurodegenerative diseases. Especially, airborne toxic particles contribute to these adverse health effects. Whereas it is well established that air pollution in the form of PM may lead to dysregulation of neurohormonal stress pathways and may trigger inflammation as well as oxidative stress, leading to secondary damage of cardiovascular structures, the mechanistic impact of PM-induced mitochondrial damage and dysfunction is not well established. With the present review we will discuss similarities between mitochondrial damage and dysfunction observed in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration as well as those adverse mitochondrial pathomechanisms induced by airborne PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucia G Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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59
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Wang G, Zhang X, Liu X, Zheng J. Co-culture of human alveolar epithelial (A549) and macrophage (THP-1) cells to study the potential toxicity of ambient PM 2.5: a comparison of growth under ALI and submerged conditions. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:636-651. [PMID: 33178424 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the ambient atmosphere is strongly associated with detrimental health effects. However, these particles from various sources and regions are unlikely equally toxic. While animal studies are impractical for high-throughput toxicity testing, appropriate in vitro models are urgently needed. Co-culture of A549 and THP-1 macrophages grown at air-liquid interface (ALI) or under submerged conditions was exposed to same concentrations of ambient PM2.5 to provide accurate comparisons between culture methods. Following 24-h incubation with PM2.5 collected in Harbin in China, biological endpoints being investigated include cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and pro-inflammatory mediators. The co-culture grown under submerged condition demonstrated a significant increase in ROS levels and all tested pro-inflammatory indicators [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α] in mRNA expression and released protein levels. Similar but a declining response trend was observed using the same PM2.5 incubation after grown at ALI. We further observed a significant increase of PM2.5-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and activation of NF-κB p65 in a dose-dependent trend for co-cultures grown under submerged condition. These results provide important implications that culture conditions (ALI versus submerged) can induce different extents of biological responses to ambient PM2.5; the co-culture grown at ALI is less likely to produce false-positive results than submerged culture. Hence, culture conditions should be discussed when comparing in vitro methods used for high-throughput PM2.5 toxicity assessment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghe Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 40 Youfang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
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60
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Mao M, Li J, Bi A, Jia H, Li Q, Liu Y, Jiang X, Huang D, Xia S. Thymoquinone ameliorates the PM2.5-induced lung injury in rats. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:297-307. [PMID: 32748670 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1801895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-induced lung injury. METHODS The PM2.5 sample was provided by Shenyang Environment Monitor Central Station. Lung injury was established by intratracheal instillation PM2.5 (7.5 mg/kg) followed by TQ treatment (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 14 d in rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Evans blue dye (EBD) staining were detected on lung tissues. ELISA, real-time PCR, western blotting and TUNEL assays were also performed. RESULTS The data showed that TQ diminished lung injury and EBD accumulation. The number of macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes was ameliorated after TQ treatment. In addition, TQ suppressed the inflammation reaction parameters (interleukin-1β and -6, IL-1β and IL-6; tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) and oxidative stress in PM2.5-induced lung injury. The levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) were increased due to the treatment of TQ. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was prominently reduced in TQ-treated rats compared with that in PM2.5 group. Intratracheal instillation PM2.5 activated autophagy, whilst TQ blocked it in lung. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study provides the first in vivo evidence that TQ suppresses inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in PM2.5-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang Environment Monitor Central Station, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Organic Compound Monitoring and Analysis, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Bi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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61
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Chen YW, Huang MZ, Chen CL, Kuo CY, Yang CY, Chiang-Ni C, Chen YYM, Hsieh CM, Wu HY, Kuo ML, Chiu CH, Lai CH. PM 2.5 impairs macrophage functions to exacerbate pneumococcus-induced pulmonary pathogenesis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:37. [PMID: 32753046 PMCID: PMC7409448 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumococcus is one of the most common human airway pathogens that causes life-threatening infections. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is known to significantly contribute to respiratory diseases. PM2.5-induced airway inflammation may decrease innate immune defenses against bacterial infection. However, there is currently limited information available regarding the effect of PM2.5 exposure on molecular interactions between pneumococcus and macrophages. Results PM2.5 exposure hampered macrophage functions, including phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine production, in response to pneumococcal infection. In a PM2.5-exposed pneumococcus-infected mouse model, PM2.5 subverted the pulmonary immune response and caused leukocyte infiltration. Further, PM2.5 exposure suppressed the levels of CXCL10 and its receptor, CXCR3, by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Conclusions The effect of PM2.5 exposure on macrophage activity enhances pneumococcal infectivity and aggravates pulmonary pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Zi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ying Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ywan M Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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62
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Domingo JL, Rovira J. Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109650. [PMID: 32416357 PMCID: PMC7211639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the outdoor air pollutants that are major factors in diseases, causing especially adverse respiratory effects in humans. On the other hand, the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory infections is an issue of great importance. The present literature review was aimed at assessing the potential effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. We have reviewed the scientific literature regarding the association of outdoor air pollution and respiratory viruses on respiratory diseases. Evidence supports a clear association between air concentrations of some pollutants and human respiratory viruses interacting to adversely affect the respiratory system. Given the undoubted importance and topicality of the subject, we have paid special attention to the association between air pollutants and the transmission and severity of the effects caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19. Although to date, and by obvious reasons, the number of studies on this issue are still scarce, most results indicate that chronic exposure to air pollutants delays/complicates recovery of patients of COVID-19 and leads to more severe and lethal forms of this disease. This deserves immediate and in-depth experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avd. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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63
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Liu X, Wang J, Zhou M, Dai Q, Wang Q, Li H, Qian X. Particulate matter exposure disturbs inflammatory cytokine homeostasis associated with changes in trace metal levels in mouse organs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138377. [PMID: 32330707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the impact of particulate matter (PM) exposure with respect to the relationship between PM-induced inflammation and the levels of trace metals in tissues and organs. In this study, C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to ambient air alongside control mice breathing air filtered through a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. In both groups, mRNA levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured after 4, 8 and 12 weeks together with the trace metal contents of the lungs, heart, liver, hippocampus and blood. PM exposure resulted in a general upward trend in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung, heart, liver and hippocampus. By contrast, IL-10 mRNA expression varied depending on the organ, with a continuous upward trend in heart and liver and an up-regulation at 8 weeks followed by a down-regulation at 12 weeks in lung and hippocampus. The disturbed homeostasis of inflammatory cytokines was accompanied by changes in trace metal levels in the mice. These alterations may have constituted a compensatory effect conferring protection from inflammatory damage. However, prolonged PM exposure finally resulted in the deficiency of several essential trace metals in the lungs and hippocampus, which may have contributed to the observed histological changes typical of an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Huaiyin Institute of Technology, School of the Chemical Engineering, Huaian, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Anhui Province of Water Pollution Control and Wastewater Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, HeFei, China
| | - Mengfan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian'ying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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64
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Painter JD, Galle-Treger L, Akbari O. Role of Autophagy in Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1337. [PMID: 32733448 PMCID: PMC7358431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular recycling system found in almost all types of eukaryotic organisms. The system is made up of a variety of proteins which function to deliver intracellular cargo to lysosomes for formation of autophagosomes in which the contents are degraded. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is key in the survival and function of a variety of human cell populations. The interconnection between metabolism and autophagy is extensive, therefore it has a role in a variety of different cell functions. The disruption or dysfunction of autophagy in these cell types have been implicated in the development of a variety of inflammatory diseases including asthma. The role of autophagy in non-immune and immune cells both lead to the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. Autophagy in pulmonary non-immune cells leads to tissue remodeling which can develop into chronic asthma cases with long term effects. The role autophagy in the lymphoid and myeloid lineages in the pathology of asthma differ in their functions. Impaired autophagy in lymphoid populations have been shown, in general, to decrease inflammation in both asthma and inflammatory disease models. Many lymphoid cells rely on autophagy for effector function and maintained inflammation. In stark contrast, autophagy deficient antigen presenting cells have been shown to have an activated inflammasome. This is largely characterized by a TH17 response that is accompanied with a much worse prognosis including granulocyte mediated inflammation and steroid resistance. The cell specificity associated with changes in autophagic flux complicates its targeting for amelioration of asthmatic symptoms. Differing asthmatic phenotypes between TH2 and TH17 mediated disease may require different autophagic modulations. Therefore, treatments call for a more cell specific and personalized approach when looking at chronic asthma cases. Viral-induced lung inflammation, such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2, also may involve autophagic modulation leading to inflammation mediated by lung resident cells. In this review, we will be discussing the role of autophagy in non-immune cells, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells for their implications into lung inflammation and asthma. Finally, we will discuss autophagy's role viral pathogenesis, immunometabolism, and asthma with insights into autophagic modulators for amelioration of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauriane Galle-Treger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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65
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Colaço M, Duarte A, Zuzarte M, Costa BFO, Borges O. Airborne environmental fine particles induce intense inflammatory response regardless of the absence of heavy metal elements. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110500. [PMID: 32222596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne environmental particles (EP) more commonly referred as particulate matter (PM) are an illustrative marker of air pollution that is associated with adverse effects on human health. Considering, PM is a complex mixture, not only in terms of its chemical composition, but also in the range of particle size, it is difficult to identify which attribute contributes more for the toxicity. Currently, there is no report about the immunotoxicological effects caused by PM with reduced content of heavy metals. This study intends to address this gap and provides a detailed characterization and immunotoxicity evaluation of PM collected in an urban area with heavy traffic congestion. Environmental particles were separated by different sizes though a sucrose gradient. This method allowed to achieve 4 sized fractions: EP f 15 % with a mean diameter of 284 nm ± 1.86 nm, EP f 25 % with a mean diameter of 461 nm ± 1.72 nm, EP f 35 % with a mean diameter of 1845 nm ± 251 nm and EP f 45 % with a mean diameter of 2204 nm ± 310 nm. Only the fractions with the smallest sizes (EP f 15 % and EP f 25 %) were subsequently studied. The chemical composition of both fractions was not substantially different, and the dominant elements were C, O, Ca and K. Only EP f 25 % showed to have a small amount of Fe. Therefore, the heavy metal elements were eliminated through centrifugation. Essentially, we found that the EP f 15 % was more cytotoxic in RAW 264.7 cells than EP f 25 %, which indicates the smaller size as the motive for the higher toxicity. In addition, both fractions of EP presented a good internalization in macrophages after 2 h exposure and induced the production of reactive oxygen species in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, EP f 15 % and EP f 25 % led to a strong secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in the 3 concentrations tested. The inflammatory response observed was independent of the presence of heavy metals and endotoxins, since these last were suppressed by using polymyxin B sulfate. This report emphasizes the importance of an adequate physicochemical characterization and adequate controls in the experiments to achieve a right interpretation of the biological effects caused by PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alana Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Benilde F O Costa
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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66
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Particulate matter exposure aggravates osteoarthritis severity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2171-2187. [PMID: 31696218 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases have been linked to particulate matter (PM) exposure. Outdoor activities, such as road running or jogging, are popular aerobic exercises due to few participatory limitations. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease, usually observed at age 40, and not noticed before pain or diagnosis. Although exercise has health benefits, it is unclear whether outdoor jogging in higher PM (standard reference material 1649b, SRM 1649b) concentration environments could affect OA development or severity. Hence, a PM exposure monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA animal jogged model was established for investigation. Results showed that high doses of PM (5 mg) significantly increased pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and M1 macrophages in the lung region, also obtained in systemic IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in this MIA-OA rat model. Moreover, levels of osteocalcin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and N-telopeptides of type I collagen were especially influenced in MIA+PM groups. Morphological and structural changes of the knee joint were detected by micro-computed tomography images (micro-CT) and immunohistochemistry. MIA + PM rats exhibited severe bone density decrease, cartilage wear, and structure damages, accompanied by lower levels of physical activity, than the sham group and groups receiving MIA or PM alone. The findings suggest that the severity of OA could be promoted by PM exposure with a PM concentration effect via systemic inflammatory mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct effects of PM exposure on OA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Zhijun Min
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
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68
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Han X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Yang W, Wu C, Liu X, Zhang F, Sun B, Zhao Y, Jiang G, Yang YG, Ding W. Epitranscriptomic 5-Methylcytosine Profile in PM 2.5-induced Mouse Pulmonary Fibrosis. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:41-51. [PMID: 32135311 PMCID: PMC7393542 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of airborne particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is epidemiologically associated with lung dysfunction and respiratory symptoms, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis is currently poorly understood. Herein, using a PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model, we found that PM2.5 exposure leads to aberrant mRNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) gain and loss in fibrotic lung tissues. Moreover, we showed the m5C-mediated regulatory map of gene functions in pulmonary fibrosis after PM2.5 exposure. Several genes act as m5C gain-upregulated factors, probably critical for the development of PM2.5-induced fibrosis in mouse lungs. These genes, including Lcn2, Mmp9, Chi3l1, Adipoq, Atp5j2, Atp5l, Atpif1, Ndufb6, Fgr, Slc11a1, and Tyrobp, are highly related to oxidative stress response, inflammatory responses, and immune system processes. Our study illustrates the first epitranscriptomic RNA m5C profile in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis and will be valuable in identifying biomarkers for PM2.5 exposure-related lung pathogenesis with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hanchen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zezhong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wenlan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baofa Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wenjun Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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The Role and Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Particulate Matter in Childhood Asthma: A Review and Perspective. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8254909. [PMID: 32411804 PMCID: PMC7201641 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8254909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, affects numerous people worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM), either acutely or chronically, is associated with the exacerbation and incidence of pediatric asthma. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms by which PM contributes to the incidence of asthma remain largely unknown. In this short review, we summarize studies of relationships between PM and pediatric asthma and recent advances on the fundamental mechanisms of PM-related asthma, with emphases on cell death regulation and immune system responses. We further discuss the inadequacy of current studies and give a perspective on the prevention strategies for pediatric asthma.
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70
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Activated macrophages are crucial during acute PM2.5 exposure-induced angiogenesis in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:725-734. [PMID: 31897188 PMCID: PMC6924157 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) in lung cancer progression is well established; however, the precise mechanisms by which PM2.5 modulates lung cancer development have not yet been determined. The present study demonstrated increased mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in PM2.5-induced macrophages. However, no significant changes to the expression levels of angiogenic cytokines (vascular endothelial growth factor A, matric metallopeptidase 9, basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor) were observed in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell line in response to acute PM2.5 exposure. PM2.5-induced activated macrophages were revealed to upregulate angiogenic cytokine expression following the acute exposure of LLC cells to PM2.5-induced macrophage supernatant. In vivo, the pro-angiogenic and macrophage accumulation functions of PM2.5 were supported by the establishment of a polyvinyl alcohol sponge implantation mouse model. Furthermore, PM2.5 was demonstrated to increase angiogenesis and macrophage recruitment in mice that were subcutaneously injected with LLCs. These results indicated that PM2.5 increases angiogenesis, and macrophages are crucial mediators of PM2.5-induced angiogenesis in lung cancer. These findings may provide novel insights for the development of lung cancer treatment strategies.
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71
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Magnani ND, Marchini T, Calabró V, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Role of Mitochondria in the Redox Signaling Network and Its Outcomes in High Impact Inflammatory Syndromes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568305. [PMID: 33071976 PMCID: PMC7538663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with the release of soluble mediators that drive cellular activation and migration of inflammatory leukocytes to the site of injury, together with endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, and increased vascular permeability. It is a stepwise tightly regulated process that has been evolved to cope with a wide range of different inflammatory stimuli. However, under certain physiopathological conditions, the inflammatory response overwhelms local regulatory mechanisms and leads to systemic inflammation that, in turn, might affect metabolism in distant tissues and organs. In this sense, as mitochondria are able to perceive signals of inflammation is one of the first organelles to be affected by a dysregulation in the systemic inflammatory response, it has been associated with the progression of the physiopathological mechanisms. Mitochondria are also an important source of ROS (reactive oxygen species) within most mammalian cells and are therefore highly involved in oxidative stress. ROS production might contribute to mitochondrial damage in a range of pathologies and is also important in a complex redox signaling network from the organelle to the rest of the cell. Therefore, a role for ROS generated by mitochondria in regulating inflammatory signaling was postulated and mitochondria have been implicated in multiple aspects of the inflammatory response. An inflammatory condition that affects mitochondrial function in different organs is the exposure to air particulate matter (PM). Both after acute and chronic pollutants exposure, PM uptake by alveolar macrophages have been described to induce local cell activation and recruitment, cytokine release, and pulmonary inflammation. Afterwards, inflammatory mediators have been shown to be able to reach the bloodstream and induce a systemic response that affects metabolism in distant organs different from the lung. In this proinflammatory environment, impaired mitochondrial function that leads to bioenergetic dysfunction and enhanced production of oxidants have been shown to affect tissue homeostasis and organ function. In the present review, we aim to discuss the latest insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link systemic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in different organs, taking the exposure to air pollutants as a case model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia D. Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Pablo Evelson
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72
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Du X, Jiang S, Zeng X, Zhang J, Pan K, Song L, Zhou J, Kan H, Sun Q, Zhao J, Xie Y. Fine particulate matter-induced cardiovascular injury is associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Apo E -/- mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:92-99. [PMID: 30822672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidences have indicated that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although several mechanisms linking PM2.5 and inflammatory responses have been widely implicated, the detailed mechanisms involving the occurrence of inflammation in PM2.5-induced adverse effects are lacking. This study aims to investigate whether PM2.5 exposure-induced cardiovascular injury is associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in apolipoprotein E-/- (Apo E-/-) mice. Thirty-two Apo E-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups. The mice were fed with normal chow (NC) or high-fat chow (HFC) for 10 weeks, respectively. From week 11, the mice were exposed to concentrated PM2.5 (PM) or filter air (FA) using Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System for 16 weeks. The cardiac function and myocardial injury were evaluated by echocardiography and histopathological examination. Meanwhile, the expression of NLRP3-related signaling pathway in myocardium was detected. Compared with the FA mice, the PM mice showed the underlying cardiac dysfunction and injury in both NC and HFC groups. Mononuclear macrophages (CD11c+) were significant higher in bone marrow of the PM mice than that in the FA mice, whilst CD206+ macrophages were lower. Accordingly, PM2.5 exposure induced the increase of circulating inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. PM2.5 exposure was also associated with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which characterized by elevated protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in myocardium. All these results demonstrated PM2.5-related cardiac injury is mediated by macrophages polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejiao Zeng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092 China.
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73
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Liu X, Qian X, Xing J, Wang J, Sun Y, Wang Q, Li H. Particulate Matter Triggers Depressive-Like Response Associated With Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Homeostasis and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling Pathway in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:278-288. [PMID: 29688525 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure may contribute to depressive-like response in mice. However, few studies have evaluated the adaptive impacts of long-term PM exposure on depressive-like response associated with systemic inflammation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. We studied the association among depressive-like behaviors, mRNA levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of BDNF signaling pathway in mice by long-term PM exposure. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to ambient air alongside control mice breathing air filtered through a high-efficiency air PM (HEPA) filter. Depressive-like behaviors were assessed together with proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels and the modulation of BDNF pathway in hippocampus and olfactory-bulb of mice exposed to PM for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Exposure to HEPA-filtered air for 4 weeks may exert antidepressant like effects in mice. Proinflammatory cytokines were up-regulated while the expression of BDNF, its high-affinity receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), and the transcription factor (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)-response element-binding protein (CREB) were down-regulated in ambient air mice. However, after 8 weeks, there was no significant difference in the rate of depressive-like behaviors between the 2 groups. After 12 weeks, mice exposed to ambient air again had a higher rate of depressive-like behaviors, significant up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulation of interleukin-10, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB than HEPA mice. Ultrafine PM in brain tissues of mice exposed to ambient air was observed. Our results suggest continuous high-level PM exposure alters the depressive-like response in mice and induces a damage-repair-imbalance reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of the Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jing Xing
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Huiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li Y, Dong T, Jiang X, Wang C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zheng G, Li X, Bai J, Li H. Chronic and low-level particulate matter exposure can sustainably mediate lung damage and alter CD4 T cells during acute lung injury. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:51-58. [PMID: 31078116 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM)2.5 is a common air pollutant known to induce damages in the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. Previous study has shown that acute and high-level PM insult could significantly aggravate the severity of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, humans typically experience more chronic and low-level PM, of which the effect on ALI is yet unclear. Here, we varied the concentration of PM from low, medium, to high, which was given to mice via intratracheal instillation for a short period of time. Compared to the saline-treated mice, mice with medium or high PM treatment presented significantly higher mortality rate, weight reduction, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein concentration during ALI, while mice with low PM treatment did not demonstrate significant differences from saline-treated mice. However, when the PM was given for an elongated period of time, PM, even at the low level, significantly aggravated ALI severity. Furthermore, the PM-mediated changes were sustained even after PM withdrawal. We also examined the CD4 T cells in saline- or PM-treated mice. We found that, although PM did not significantly change the number of lung-infiltrating CD4 T cells, it significantly altered the composition of lung-infiltrating CD4 T cells, characterized by having a higher T-bet/Foxp3 ratio in the PM-treated group compared to the saline-treated group. Additionally, the Treg-mediated suppression was reduced in PM-treated mice. The effect of PM on CD4 T cells depended on the concentration of PM and the duration of the treatment, and was independent of the PM withdrawal. Overall, these results demonstrated that chronic and low-level PM was sufficient at aggravating ALI and altering pulmonary CD4 T cells, and the effect could be sustained even after PM withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancao Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Department of General Practice, Pudong New Area Wanggang Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhen Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhen Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Bai
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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75
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High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Suppresses Macrophage M1 Polarization and Enhances IL-10 Production in PM 2.5-Induced Lung Inflammation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091766. [PMID: 31067702 PMCID: PMC6539614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 is particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less. Airway macrophages are the key players regulating PM2.5-induced inflammation. High molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) has previously been shown to exert protective effects on PM2.5-induced acute lung injury and inflammation. However, little is known about the detailed mechanism. In this study, we aimed to determine whether HMW-HA alleviates PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization. The levels of M1 biomarkers TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2, NOS2 and CD86, as well as M2 biomarkers IL-10, MRC1, and Arg-1 produced by macrophages were measured by ELISA, qPCR, and flow cytometry. In addition, the amount of M1 macrophages in lung tissues was examined by immunofluorescence of CD68 and NOS2. We observed a decline in PM2.5-induced M1 polarization both in macrophages and lung tissues when HMW-HA was administered simultaneously. Meanwhile, western blot analysis revealed that PM2.5-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation was suppressed by HMW-HA. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that co-stimulation with HMW-HA and PM2.5 promoted the expression and release of IL-10, but exhibited limited effects on the transcription of MRC1 and ARG1. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that HMW-HA ameliorates PM2.5-induced lung inflammation by repressing M1 polarization through JNK and p38 pathways and promoting the production of pro-resolving cytokine IL-10.
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76
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Zhu J, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Li C, Zhou L, Qi W, Zhang Y, Ye L. Effects of Different Components of PM 2.5 on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1408. [PMID: 31010106 PMCID: PMC6518365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM2.5) might cause inflammation response via the NF-κB pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM2.5. We aimed to explore the effects of PM2.5 with different components on the expression levels of NF-κB family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. Methods: Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM2.5), fat-soluble (F-PM2.5), and insoluble (I-PM2.5) PM2.5. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-κB family gene were determined by real time PCR. Results: PM2.5 could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM2.5, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM2.5, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM2.5 were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM2.5 treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM2.5. F-PM2.5 increased the mRNA levels of NF-κB genes, especially NF-κB1 and RelA. Conclusions: PM2.5 can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-κB family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM2.5 related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Yaming Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Yizhen Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Chunyan Li
- Clinical Teaching and Research Laboratory, Medical School, Xilingol Vocational College, Inner Mongolia 026000, China.
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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77
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Guan L, Geng X, Stone C, Cosky EEP, Ji Y, Du H, Zhang K, Sun Q, Ding Y. PM 2.5 exposure induces systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in an intracranial atherosclerosis rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:530-538. [PMID: 30672636 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to airborne particle (PM2.5 ) is a risk factor for intracranial atherosclerosis (ICA). Because of the established role of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by PM2.5 , we determined whether these processes account for PM2.5 -mediated ICA, and also whether omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) dietary supplementation could attenuate them. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 and fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), administered with or without O3FA (5 mg/kg/day by gavage) for 12 weeks. The lumen and thickness of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were assessed. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were detected by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity, mRNA levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, and protein level of NOX subunit gp91 were quantified to determine the oxidative profile of brain vessels. RESULTS PM2.5 increased (P < .05) ICA, especially in the HCD group; elevated serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ; increased cerebrovascular ROS, MDA, NOX activity, and gp91 protein levels; and decreased cerebrovascular SOD activity. Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 mRNA levels were upregulated (P < .05) by PM2.5 exposure, especially in the HCD group. O3FA attenuated (P < .05) PM2.5 -induced systemic inflammation, vascular oxidative injury, and ICA. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure induced systemic inflammation, cerebrovascular oxidative injury, and ICA in rats with HCD. O3FA prevented ICA development, and may therefore exert a protective effect against the atherogenic potential of PM2.5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Eric E P Cosky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huishan Du
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
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78
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Tian G, Wang J, Lu Z, Wang H, Zhang W, Ding W, Zhang F. Indirect effect of PM 1 on endothelial cells via inducing the release of respiratory inflammatory cytokines. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 57:203-210. [PMID: 30858030 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are associated with exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5. One of the ways that PM2.5 affects the cardiovascular system is through systemic inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 stimulate endothelial cells, which leads to endothelial dysfunction. Compared with PM2.5, PM1 is smaller in size, has a larger surface area and absorbs more toxic substances such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and black carbon. However, the effect of PM1 on human health is less studied. Here, we used BEAS-2B cells and differentiated THP-1 cells to simulate epithelial cells and macrophages in the lung, respectively. The indirect effect of PM1 on endothelial cells was studied with a coculture model consisting of two cell lines (BEAS-2B cells and macrophages) in the top compartment and one cell line, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926), in the bottom compartment of a transwell plate. The results showed that PM1 could promote the release of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, from BEAS-2B cells and macrophages. In addition, PM1 upregulated ICAM-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells through TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathways, promoting the adhesion of endothelial cells and monocytes, a key event in the initiation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiong Tian
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhong Y, Liao J, Hu Y, Wang Y, Sun C, Zhang C, Wang G. PM 2.5 Upregulates MicroRNA-146a-3p and Induces M1 Polarization in RAW264.7 Cells by Targeting Sirtuin1. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:384-393. [PMID: 30911272 PMCID: PMC6428978 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.30084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is proved to be associated with illnesses, but the mechanism is not clear. Potential effects of PM2.5 on innate immunity have become a hotspot recently. Confronting PM2.5, macrophages are able to be activated and induce inflammatory responses. Whether PM2.5 exposure affects macrophage polarization and associated mechanisms remains to be further explored. Afterwards, whether Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) an important intermediate regulator in various physiological processes takes part in the macrophage polarization induced by PM2.5 is unknown. MiRNAs are acknowledged as key regulator in posttranscriptional modification and our previous study found that miR-146a is a novel biomarker of PM2.5 exposure. Thus, we propose a hypothesis, PM2.5 exposure induces M1 polarization and miR-146a-3p is a potential upstream regulator by targeting SIRT1. Methods: RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of PM2.5 for 24h. The expressions of cytokines and key molecular markers were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. The activation degree of TLRs and NF-κB was assessed by Western blotting. The specific agonist and antagonist of SIRT1 were used to explore the potential role of SIRT1 in M1 polarization induced by PM2.5. MiR-146a-3p mimic and inhibitor were pre-transfected into RAW264.7 cells and the effects on M1 polarization induced by PM2.5 were evaluated. Luciferase analysis was used to identify the binding site of miR-146a-3p and SIRT1. Results: PM2.5 increased the mRNA and protein expression of M1 markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells. The protein level of TLR4 was significantly increased and the ratio of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 versus p65 subunit was also elevated in PM2.5 group. PM2.5 decreased the protein level of SIRT1 but not the mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo experiments. Pre-treatment with SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 rescued the PM2.5 induced M1 response. Whereas, SIRT1 antagonist EX527 augment the effect. MiR-146a-3p was upregulated in PM2.5 treated RAW264.7 cells. Luciferase experiments reported that SIRT1 was directly targeted by miR-146a-3p. Overexpression of miR-146a-3p downregulated the expression of SIRT1 protein in untreated RAW264.7 cells. Importantly, inhibition of miR-146a-3p upregulated SIRT1 protein and suppressed M1 polarization in PM2.5 treated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggested that PM2.5 induces the inflammatory M1 polarization and TLR4/NF-κB signal transduction pathway might be involved in the process. MiR-146a-3p is a novel regulator of PM2.5 exerted M1 polarization by targeting SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 100034
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 100034
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 100034
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 100034
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 100034
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 100034
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 100034
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Fan R, Zhou Q, Yang J, Yang S, Wang C, Kou J. Walnut protein isolates attenuate particulate matter-induced lung and cardiac injury in mice and zebra fish. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40736-40744. [PMID: 35542651 PMCID: PMC9076285 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06002b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem, and the fine particles of air pollution can cause diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Walnut protein isolates (WPIs) are peptides purified from walnut protein hydrolysates that have very high antioxidant and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. In this study, mice and zebra fish were used to test the effect of WPIs on the acute lung injury (ALI) and heart injury induced by particulate matter (PM). The WPIs protected against ALI in the PM-induced ALI mouse model by inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), and interleukin 6(IL-6) in ALI mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and acyl carrier protein (ACP) level. In the zebra fish model, the WPIs promoted the secretion of PM into the intestinal tract, protected against the heart injury caused by PM, and promoted the phagocytosis of zebra fish macrophages. Therefore, WPIs are potential candidates to be a health-promoting product with no toxicity. This study supports new prospects for WPI development and shows WPIs may be potential candidates for healthy products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Mingchuan Liu
- R&D Center
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Yuhang Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Hangzhou 311100
- China
| | - Ruiping Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Qianliu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Jinping Yang
- R&D Center
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Yuhang Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Hangzhou 311100
- China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- R&D Center
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Yuhang Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Hangzhou 311100
- China
| | - Chaojih Wang
- R&D Center
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Yuhang Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Hangzhou 311100
- China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
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TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Airborne PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:ijerph16010098. [PMID: 30602677 PMCID: PMC6339163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of respiratory diseases. However, the details of the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (mean daily concentration ~64 µg/m³) for 12 weeks through a "real-world" airborne PM2.5 exposure system. We found that PM2.5 caused severe lung injury in mice as evidenced by histopathological examination. Then, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling quantitative proteomic technology was performed to analyze protein expression profiling in the lungs from control and PM2.5-exposed mice. A total of 32 proteins were differentially expressed in PM2.5-exposed lungs versus the controls. Among these proteins, 24 and 8 proteins were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PM2.5 exerts a toxic effect on lungs by affecting multiple biological processes, including oxidoreductase activity, receptor activity, and protein binding. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM)⁻receptor interaction, phagosome, small cell lung cancer, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways contribute to PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive proteomics analysis to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-elicited pulmonary disease.
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82
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Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Particulate Matter Air Pollution: Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:680. [PMID: 30505291 PMCID: PMC6250783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly depending on the source, studies from across the world have consistently shown that air pollution is an important modifiable risk factor for significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Moreover, clinical studies have generally shown a greater impact of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on health than the gaseous components. PM has wide-ranging deleterious effects on human health, particularly on the cardiovascular system. Both acute and chronic exposure to PM air pollution is associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and ischemic/thrombotic stroke. Particulate matter has also been shown to be an important endocrine disrupter, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, which themselves are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. While the epidemiological evidence for the deleterious effects of PM air pollution on health is increasingly accepted, newer studies are shedding light on the mechanisms by which PM exerts its toxic effects. A greater understanding of how PM exerts toxic effects on human health is required in order to prevent and minimize the deleterious health effects of this ubiquitous environmental hazard. Air pollution is a growing public health problem and mortality due to air pollution is expected to double by 2050. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for the cardiovascular effects of PM exposure and discuss current understanding about the biological mechanisms, by which PM exerts toxic effects on cardiovascular system to induce cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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83
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Xu F, Ji Q, Zhang J, Huang W, Cao Z, Li Y. AlCl 3 inhibits LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production through suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway in murine peritoneal macrophages. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:972-980. [PMID: 30114748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al), a common environmental pollutant, has been reported to inhibit the immune functions of macrophage. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, murine peritoneal macrophages were exposed to 0, 0.27, 0.54, and 1.08 mg/mL of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) for 24 h, and then treated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for another 6 h. No addition of both AlCl3 and LPS serviced as control group. We observed that AlCl3 has cytotoxicity in murine peritoneal macrophages, showing a decrease in cell viability and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase release. Besides, AlCl3 exposure restrained the LPS-induced NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation presented as NLRP3 expressions reduction, caspase-1 cleavage inhibition and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) maturation lessened. Meanwhile, AlCl3 exposure decreased LPS-induced IKKβ activity, IκBα phosphorylation, the phosphorylation and mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, as well the genes expression and concentration in medium supernatant of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The results suggested that AlCl3 inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway induced by LPS, which maybe one of the upstream signals involved in the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by AlCl3. This research can provide theoretical basis for understanding the immune toxicity of Al, and deepening the cognition of Al exposure hazards to immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wanyue Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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84
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Xia Y, S D, Jiang S, Fan R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tang J, Zhang Y, He RL, Yu B, Kou J. YiQiFuMai lyophilized injection attenuates particulate matter-induced acute lung injury in mice via TLR4-mTOR-autophagy pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:906-913. [PMID: 30372902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the serious diseases that are characterized by a severe inflammatory response of lung injuries and damage to the microvascular permeability, frequently resulting in death. YiQiFuMai (YQFM) lyophilized injection powder is a redeveloped preparation based on the well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula Sheng-Mai-San which is widely used in clinical practice in China, mainly for the treatment of microcirculatory disturbance-related diseases. However, there is little information about its role in ALI/ARDS. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of YQFM on particulate matter (PM)-induced ALI. The mice were intratracheally instilled with 50 mg/kg body weight of Standard Reference Material1648a (SRM1648a) in the PM-induced group. The mice in the YQFM group were given YQFM (three doses: 0.33, 0.67, and 1.34 g/kg) by tail vein injection 30 min after the intratracheal instillation of PM. The results showed that YQFM markedly reduced lung pathological injury and the lung wet/dry weight ratios induced by PM. Furthermore, we also found that YQFM significantly inhibited the PM-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissues, decreased the PM-induced inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reduced nitric oxide (NO) and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and effectively attenuated PM-induced increases lymphocytes in BALF. In addition, YQFM increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and dramatically suppressed the PM-stimulated expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, autophagy-related protein LC3Ⅱand Beclin 1 as well as autophagy. In conclusion, these findings indicate that YQFM had a critical anti-inflammatory effect due to its ability to regulate both TLR4-MyD88 and mTOR-autophagy pathways, and might be a possible therapeutic agent for PM-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Dolgor S
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ruiping Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiahui Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Rong Lucy He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL60628, USA
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Jayawardena TU, Asanka Sanjeewa KK, Shanura Fernando IP, Ryu BM, Kang MC, Jee Y, Lee WW, Jeon YJ. Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh ethanol extract inhibits the fine dust inflammation response via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in RAW 264.7 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:249. [PMID: 30200963 PMCID: PMC6131869 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the different kinds of pollution, air pollution continues to increase globally. East Asia is considered to be significantly affected. As a result, the populations in these regions face serious health issues including respiratory disorders. This study investigated the impact of fine dust (FD) particles (CRM No. 28) on macrophage cells as a model for alveolar lung cells. METHODS The research focused on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by FD and Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh ethanol extract (SHE) as a potential treatment. S. horneri is a type of brown algae that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects against RAW 264.7 macrophages in previous studies. MTT, Griess, ELISA, western blotting, and mRNA expression analyses using PCR techniques were used in this study. RESULTS The optimum FD concentration was determined to be 125 μg mL- 1. FD particles stimulated inflammatory mediators production (iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), leading to NO production. These mediators were dose-dependently downregulated by treatment with SHE. IL-6 and TNF-α were identified as biomarkers for FD. SHE treatment induced HO-1 and Nrf2 activity in a dose-dependent manner under FD stimulation. This confirmed the cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress induced via FD. Furthermore, treatment of the cells with a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) induced FD-stimulated NO production. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that SHE increases macrophage cellular resistance to FD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, probably via the p38 MAPK pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - I. P. Shanura Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756 Republic of Korea
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86
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Liu L, Wan C, Zhang W, Guan L, Tian G, Zhang F, Ding W. MiR-146a regulates PM 1 -induced inflammation via NF-κB signaling pathway in BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:743-751. [PMID: 29667303 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to kinds of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as asthma, COPD, arrhythmias, lung cancer, etc., which are related to PM-induced inflammation. We have found that PM2.5 (aerodynamics diameter <2.5 µm) exposure induces inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro. Since the toxicity of PM is tightly associated with its size and components, PM1 (aerodynamics diameter <1.0 µm) is supposed to be more toxic than PM2.5 . However, the mechanism of PM1 -induced inflammation is not clear. Recently, emerging evidences prove that microRNAs play a vital role in regulating inflammation. Therefore, we studied the regulation of miR-146a in PM1 -induced inflammation in human lung bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The results show that PM1 induces the increase of IL-6 and IL-8 in BEAS-2B cells and up-regulates the miR-146a expression by activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Overexpressed miR-146a prevents the nuclear translocation of p65 through inhibiting the IRAK1/TRAF6 expression, and downregulates the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR-146a can negatively feedback regulate PM1 -induced inflammation via NF-κB signaling pathway in BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Wan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Guoxiong Tian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gawda A, Majka G, Nowak B, Śróttek M, Walczewska M, Marcinkiewicz J. Air particulate matter SRM 1648a primes macrophages to hyperinflammatory response after LPS stimulation. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:765-776. [PMID: 29922853 PMCID: PMC6096616 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is associated with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Macrophages are responsible for the regulation of chronic inflammation. However, whether PM affects macrophage polarization remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether nontoxic concentrations of urban PM are able to prime macrophages to altered inflammatory response upon LPS challenge. Methods We used two forms of the urban particulate matter SRM 1648a, intact PM and PM deprived of organic compounds (PM∆C). Peritoneal murine macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of PM for 24 h and then challenged with LPS. Production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages was measured to test immunostimulatory/priming capacity of PM. Results Particulate matter used at non-cytotoxic concentrations induced a dose-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p40). By contrast, PM∆C were not able to stimulate macrophages. However, macrophages primed with both forms of PM show proinflammatory response upon LPS challenge. Conclusions Our data indicate that exposure of macrophages to low concentrations of PM may prime the cells to hyperinflammatory response upon contact with LPS. Further studies are necessary to explain whether the exposure of patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases to particulate matter is responsible for the exacerbation of clinical symptoms during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gawda
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Majka
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Nowak
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Śróttek
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczewska
- Chair of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Wei T, Tang M. Biological effects of airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) exposure on pulmonary immune system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:195-201. [PMID: 29734103 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) attracts more and more attention due to its environmental effects. The immune system appears to be a most sensitive target organ for the environmental pollutants. Inhaled PM2.5 can deposit in different compartments in the respiratory tract and interact with epithelial cells and resident immune cells. Exposed to PM2.5 can induce local or systematic inflammatory responses. This review focus on the effects of respiratory tract exposed to PM2.5. Firstly, we introduced the major emission sources, basic characteristics of PM2.5 and discussed its immunoadjuvant potential. Secondly, we elaborated the immune cells in the respiratory tract and the deposition of PM2.5 regarding the structural characteristics of the respiratory tract. Furthermore, we summarized the in vivo/vitro studies that revealed the immunotoxic effects of PM2.5 exposure to pulmonary cellular effectors and explored the contribution of PM2.5 exposure to the Th1/Th2 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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PM2.5 exposure aggravates oligomeric amyloid beta-induced neuronal injury and promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:132. [PMID: 29720213 PMCID: PMC5932821 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies suggested that PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). But the precise mechanisms by which PM2.5 contributed to AD pathogenesis have not been clarified. Methods In the presence or absence of neurons, oligomeric amyloid beta (oAβ)-primed microglia were stimulated with PM2.5. Firstly, we determined the effects of PM2.5 exposure on neuronal injury and inflammation in neurons-microglia co-cultures. Then, we examined whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation was involved in PM2.5-induced inflammation. After that, we investigated whether PM2.5 exposure increased ROS level in oAβ-stimulated microglia. At last, we examined whether ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was required for PM2.5-induced neuronal injury in neurons-microglia co-cultures. Results In the present study, we showed that PM2.5 exposure aggravated oAβ-induced neuronal injury and inflammation in neurons-microglia co-cultures via increasing IL-1β production. Further, PM2.5-induced IL-1β production in oAβ-stimulated microglia was possibly dependent on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Meanwhile, PM2.5 exposure increased ROS level in oAβ-stimulated microglia. ROS was required for PM2.5-induced IL-1β production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oAβ-stimulated microglia. More importantly, ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was required for PM2.5-induced neuronal injury in neurons-microglia co-cultures. Conclusions For the first time, these results suggested that the effects of PM2.5 under AD context were possibly mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which was triggered by ROS. Taken together, these findings have deepened our understanding on the role of PM2.5 in AD pathogenesis.
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90
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Li Z, Wu Y, Chen HP, Zhu C, Dong L, Wang Y, Liu H, Xu X, Zhou J, Wu Y, Li W, Ying S, Shen H, Chen ZH. MTOR Suppresses Environmental Particle-Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2826-2834. [PMID: 29563176 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing toxicological and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that ambient particulate matter (PM) could cause adverse health effects including inflammation in the lung. Alveolar macrophages represent a major type of innate immune responses to foreign substances. However, the detailed mechanisms of inflammatory responses induced by PM exposure in macrophages are still unclear. We observed that coarse PM treatment rapidly activated mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) in mouse alveolar macrophages in vivo, and in cultured mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, mouse peritoneal macrophages, and RAW264.7 cells. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of MTOR in bone marrow-derived macrophages leads to an amplified cytokine production upon PM exposure, and mice with specific knockdown of MTOR or ras homolog enriched in brain in myeloid cells exhibit significantly aggregated airway inflammation. Mechanistically, PM activated MTOR through modulation of ERK, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, and tuberous sclerosis complex signals, whereas MTOR deficiency further enhanced the PM-induced necroptosis and activation of subsequent NF κ light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB) signaling. Inhibition of necroptosis or NFKB pathways significantly ameliorated PM-induced inflammatory response in MTOR-deficient macrophages. The present study thus demonstrates that MTOR serves as an early adaptive signal that suppresses the PM-induced necroptosis, NFKB activation, and inflammatory response in lung macrophages, and suggests that activation of MTOR or inhibition of necroptosis in macrophages may represent novel therapeutic strategies for PM-related airway disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Yinfang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Hai-Pin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Lingling Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Huiwen Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Xuchen Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Jiesen Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; and
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91
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Jia Z, Wei Y, Li X, Yang L, Liu H, Guo C, Zhang L, Li N, Guo S, Qian Y, Li Z. Exposure to Ambient Air Particles Increases the Risk of Mental Disorder: Findings from a Natural Experiment in Beijing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010160. [PMID: 29351245 PMCID: PMC5800259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies indicated that air pollution has been associated with adverse neurological effects in human. Moreover, the secretion of glucocorticoid (GC) affects the mood regulation, and the negative feedback of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (GR) inhibits the GC secretion. Meanwhile, the over secretion of GC can interfere the immune system and induce neurotoxicity. In the present study, the human test showed that the secretion of the cortisol in plasma was elevated after exposure in heavy air pollution. In the mouse model, we found that breathing the highly polluted air resulted in the negative responses of the mood-related behavioral tests and morphology of hippocampus, as well as the over secretion of GC in plasma, down regulation of GR, and up-regulation of cytokine and chemokine in the hippocampus. When considering the interrelated trends between the hippocampal GR, inflammatory factors, and plasmatic GC, we speculated that PM2.5 exposure could lead to the increased secretion of GC in plasma by decreasing the expression of GR in hippocampus, which activated the inflammation response, and finally induced neurotoxicity, suggesting that PM2.5 exposure negatively affects mood regulation. When combined with the results of the human test, it indicated that exposure to ambient air particles increased the risk of mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jia
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Lixin Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Huijie Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Chen Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Nannan Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Shaojuan Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Yan Qian
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
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92
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Weng CH, Hu CC, Yen TH, Huang WH. Association Between Environmental Particulate Matter and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:827-836. [PMID: 29161700 DOI: 10.1159/000484422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The deposition of β2-microglobulin induced by reactive inflammation causing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the complications of dialysis-related amyloidosis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Air pollution levels, especially particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 mm (PM2.5), have significantly been associated with the elevation of systemic inflammatory markers. There is no previous research on possible associations between CTS and PM2.5. METHODS This study enrolled 866 MHD patients treated at the outpatient HD centers. Senior neurologists diagnosed the presence of CTS. Air pollution levels were recorded by a network of 27 monitoring stations near or in the patients' living areas throughout Taiwan. The 12- and 24-month average concentrations of PM with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 and <2.5 mm (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone were included. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that HD duration, the normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 4 g/dl), and the mean previous 12-month environmental PM2.5 were positively associated with CTS; HD duration, nPCR, hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 4 g/dl), and the mean previous 24-month environmental PM2.5 were positively associated with CTS; HD duration, hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 4 g/dl), and previous 12-month PM2.5 excess days were positively associated with CTS; and HD duration, nPCR, hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 4 g/dl), and previous 24-month PM2.5 excess days were positively associated with CTS. CONCLUSION PM2.5 levels and PM2.5 excessing days were positively correlated with CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Weng
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Hu
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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93
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Wang J, Huang J, Wang L, Chen C, Yang D, Jin M, Bai C, Song Y. Urban particulate matter triggers lung inflammation via the ROS-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4398-4412. [PMID: 29268509 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Particulate matter (PM) is a high risk factor for various respiratory diseases and triggers an inflammatory response in lung tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of the PM-induced inflammatory response is incompletely understood. Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were treated with the urban PM 1649b for assessment of the inflammatory response. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry. PM-activated signaling pathways were addressed with specific inhibitors. In vivo, the C57 mice model of PM-induced acute lung inflammation was established with intratracheal instillation of PM for 2 consecutive days. The oxidant stress in lung tissues was assessed with dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. The histopathologic changes in lung tissues and number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF was measured by ELISA. Results PM increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in a dose-dependent manner. ROS generation and activation of MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK) and NF-κB pathways were detected in PM-exposed HBECs. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) led to the inflammatory response, ROS level and activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways to be attenuated. Blockade of ERK, JNK or p38 MAPK pathway with specific inhibitor prevented the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, PM exposure increased oxidant stress in lung tissues, infiltration of inflammatory cells around PM in lung tissues, the number of total cells and inflammatory cells in BALF, and the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-9 in BALF, all of which were reversed partially upon NAC treatment. Conclusions PM exposure enhanced the airway inflammatory response significantly through ROS-mediated activation of MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK) and downstream NF-κB signaling pathways. Oxidative stress appeared to be the key regulator for PM-induced lung inflammation. These results suggested the molecular mechanism of lung inflammation caused by PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Ding W, Ghio AJ, Wu W. Preface: Special Issue on Air Pollution. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1860:2769-70. [PMID: 27640311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chines Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
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Jiang S, Bo L, Du X, Liu J, Zeng X, He G, Sun Q, Kan H, Song W, Xie Y, Zhao J. CARD9-mediated ambient PM 2.5 -induced pulmonary injury is associated with Th17 cell. Toxicol Lett 2017; 273:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Potential Harmful Effects of PM2.5 on Occurrence and Progression of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Prevention Measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080748. [PMID: 27463723 PMCID: PMC4997434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The harmful effects of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and its association with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has gained increased attention in recent years. Significant associations between PM2.5 and ACS have been found in most studies, although sometimes only observed in specific subgroups. PM2.5-induced detrimental effects and ACS arise through multiple mechanisms, including endothelial injury, an enhanced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, autonomic dysfunction, and mitochondria damage as well as genotoxic effects. These effects can lead to a series of physiopathological changes including coronary artery atherosclerosis, hypertension, an imbalance between energy supply and demand to heart tissue, and a systemic hypercoagulable state. Effective strategies to prevent the harmful effects of PM2.5 include reducing pollution sources of PM2.5 and population exposure to PM2.5, and governments and organizations publicizing the harmful effects of PM2.5 and establishing air quality standards for PM2.5. PM2.5 exposure is a significant risk factor for ACS, and effective strategies with which to prevent both susceptible and healthy populations from an increased risk for ACS have important clinical significance in the prevention and treatment of ACS.
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