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Hipólito A, Nunes SC, Vicente JB, Serpa J. Cysteine Aminotransferase (CAT): A Pivotal Sponsor in Metabolic Remodeling and an Ally of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase (MST) in Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173984. [PMID: 32882966 PMCID: PMC7504796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic remodeling is a critical skill of malignant cells, allowing their survival and spread. The metabolic dynamics and adaptation capacity of cancer cells allow them to escape from damaging stimuli, including breakage or cross-links in DNA strands and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting resistance to currently available therapies, such as alkylating or oxidative agents. Therefore, it is essential to understand how metabolic pathways and the corresponding enzymatic systems can impact on tumor behavior. Cysteine aminotransferase (CAT) per se, as well as a component of the CAT: 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) axis, is pivotal for this metabolic rewiring, constituting a central mechanism in amino acid metabolism and fulfilling the metabolic needs of cancer cells, thereby supplying other different pathways. In this review, we explore the current state-of-art on CAT function and its role on cancer cell metabolic rewiring as MST partner, and its relevance in cancer cells' fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hipólito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculty of Medical Sciences, University NOVA of Lisbon, Campus dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.H.); (S.C.N.)
- Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia C. Nunes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculty of Medical Sciences, University NOVA of Lisbon, Campus dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.H.); (S.C.N.)
- Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João B. Vicente
- Institute of Technology, Chemistry and Biology António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.B.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculty of Medical Sciences, University NOVA of Lisbon, Campus dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.H.); (S.C.N.)
- Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.B.V.); (J.S.)
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Screening of Heteroaromatic Scaffolds against Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Enables Identification of Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4-c]Pyridines as Potent and Selective Orthosteric Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163739. [PMID: 32824311 PMCID: PMC7465669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a key enzyme in the production of the signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide, deregulation of which is known to contribute to a range of serious pathological states. Involvement of hydrogen sulfide in pathways of paramount importance for cellular homeostasis renders CBS a promising drug target. An in-house focused library of heteroaromatic compounds was screened for CBS modulators by the methylene blue assay and a pyrazolopyridine derivative with a promising CBS inhibitory potential was discovered. The compound activity was readily comparable to the most potent CBS inhibitor currently known, aminoacetic acid, while a promising specificity over the related cystathionine γ-lyase was identified. To rule out any possibility that the inhibitor may bind the enzyme regulatory domain due to its high structural similarity with cofactor s-adenosylmethionine, differential scanning fluorimetry was employed. A sub-scaffold search guided follow-up screening of related compounds, providing preliminary structure-activity relationships with respect to requisites for efficient CBS inhibition by this group of heterocycles. Subsequently, a hypothesis regarding the exact binding mode of the inhibitor was devised on the basis of the available structure-activity relationships (SAR) and a deep neural networks analysis and further supported by induced-fit docking calculations.
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Landry AP, Moon S, Bonanata J, Cho US, Coitiño EL, Banerjee R. Dismantling and Rebuilding the Trisulfide Cofactor Demonstrates Its Essential Role in Human Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14295-14306. [PMID: 32787249 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) catalyzes the first step in sulfide clearance, coupling H2S oxidation to coenzyme Q reduction. Recent structures of human SQOR revealed a sulfur atom bridging the SQOR active site cysteines in a trisulfide configuration. Here, we assessed the importance of this cofactor using kinetic, crystallographic, and computational modeling approaches. Cyanolysis of SQOR proceeds via formation of an intense charge transfer complex that subsequently decays to eliminate thiocyanate. We captured a disulfanyl-methanimido thioate intermediate in the SQOR crystal structure, revealing how cyanolysis leads to reversible loss of SQOR activity that is restored in the presence of sulfide. Computational modeling and MD simulations revealed an ∼105-fold rate enhancement for nucleophilic addition of sulfide into the trisulfide versus a disulfide cofactor. The cysteine trisulfide in SQOR is thus critical for activity and provides a significant catalytic advantage over a cysteine disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Landry
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sojin Moon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jenner Bonanata
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Uhn Soo Cho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - E Laura Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Zuhra K, Augsburger F, Majtan T, Szabo C. Cystathionine-β-Synthase: Molecular Regulation and Pharmacological Inhibition. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E697. [PMID: 32365821 PMCID: PMC7277093 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), the first (and rate-limiting) enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway, is an important mammalian enzyme in health and disease. Its biochemical functions under physiological conditions include the metabolism of homocysteine (a cytotoxic molecule and cardiovascular risk factor) and the generation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous biological mediator with multiple regulatory roles in the vascular, nervous, and immune system. CBS is up-regulated in several diseases, including Down syndrome and many forms of cancer; in these conditions, the preclinical data indicate that inhibition or inactivation of CBS exerts beneficial effects. This article overviews the current information on the expression, tissue distribution, physiological roles, and biochemistry of CBS, followed by a comprehensive overview of direct and indirect approaches to inhibit the enzyme. Among the small-molecule CBS inhibitors, the review highlights the specificity and selectivity problems related to many of the commonly used "CBS inhibitors" (e.g., aminooxyacetic acid) and provides a comprehensive review of their pharmacological actions under physiological conditions and in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Fiona Augsburger
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
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55
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Tabassum R, Jeong NY, Jung J. Therapeutic importance of hydrogen sulfide in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:653-662. [PMID: 31638087 PMCID: PMC6975154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that acts as an antioxidant and exhibits a wide variety of cytoprotective and physiological functions in age-associated diseases. One of the major causes of age-related diseases is oxidative stress. In recent years, the importance of H2S has become clear, although its antioxidant function has not yet been fully explored. The enzymes cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lya-se, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase are involved in the enzymatic production of H2S. Previously, H2S was considered a neuromodulator, given its role in long-term hippocampal potentiation, but it is now also recognized as an antioxidant in age-related neurodegeneration. Due to aerobic metabolism, the central nervous system is vulnerable to oxidative stress in brain aging, resulting in age-associated degenerative diseases. H2S exerts its antioxidant effect by limiting free radical reactions through the activation of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which protect against the effects of aging by regulating apoptosis-related genes, including p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. This review explores the implications and mechanisms of H2S as an antioxidant in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiya Tabassum
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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56
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Yadav PK, Vitvitsky V, Carballal S, Seravalli J, Banerjee R. Thioredoxin regulates human mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase at physiologically-relevant concentrations. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6299-6311. [PMID: 32179647 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase (MPST) catalyzes the desulfuration of 3-mercaptopyruvate (3-MP) and transfers sulfane sulfur from an enzyme-bound persulfide intermediate to thiophilic acceptors such as thioredoxin and cysteine. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a signaling molecule implicated in many physiological processes, can be released from the persulfide product of the MPST reaction. Two splice variants of MPST, differing by 20 amino acids at the N terminus, give rise to the cytosolic MPST1 and mitochondrial MPST2 isoforms. Here, we characterized the poorly-studied MPST1 variant and demonstrated that substitutions in its Ser-His-Asp triad, proposed to serve a general acid-base role, minimally affect catalytic activity. We estimated the 3-MP concentration in murine liver, kidney, and brain tissues, finding that it ranges from 0.4 μmol·kg-1 in brain to 1.4 μmol·kg-1 in kidney. We also show that N-acetylcysteine, a widely-used antioxidant, is a poor substrate for MPST and is unlikely to function as a thiophilic acceptor. Thioredoxin exhibits substrate inhibition, increasing the KM for 3-MP ∼15-fold compared with other sulfur acceptors. Kinetic simulations at physiologically-relevant substrate concentrations predicted that the proportion of sulfur transfer to thioredoxin increases ∼3.5-fold as its concentration decreases from 10 to 1 μm, whereas the total MPST reaction rate increases ∼7-fold. The simulations also predicted that cysteine is a quantitatively-significant sulfane sulfur acceptor, revealing MPST's potential to generate low-molecular-weight persulfides. We conclude that the MPST1 and MPST2 isoforms are kinetically indistinguishable and that thioredoxin modulates the MPST-catalyzed reaction in a physiologically-relevant concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Javier Seravalli
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600
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57
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Donertas Ayaz B, Zubcevic J. Gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of hypertension: A potential role for hydrogen sulfide. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104677. [PMID: 32023431 PMCID: PMC7056572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and gut dysbiosis are hallmarks of hypertension (HTN). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important freely diffusing molecule that modulates the function of neural, cardiovascular and immune systems, and circulating levels of H2S are reduced in animals and humans with HTN. While most research to date has focused on H₂S produced endogenously by the host, H2S is also produced by the gut bacteria and may affect the host homeostasis. Here, we review an association between neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis in HTN, with special emphasis on a potential role of H2S in this interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Donertas Ayaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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58
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Henderson CF, Bica I, Long FT, Irwin DD, Stull CH, Baker BW, Suarez Vega V, Taugher ZM, Fletes ED, Bartleson JM, Humphrey ML, Álvarez L, Akiyama M, Kumagai Y, Fukuto JM, Lin J. Cysteine Trisulfide Protects E. coli from Electrophile-Induced Death through the Generation of Cysteine Hydropersulfide. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:678-686. [PMID: 31977195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydropersulfide and polysulfide species have recently been shown to elicit a wide variety of biological and physiological responses. In this study, we examine the effects of cysteine trisulfide (Cys-SSS-Cys; also known as thiocystine) treatment on E. coli. Previous studies in mammalian cells have shown that Cys-SSS-Cys treatment results in protection from the electrophiles. Here, we show that the protective effect of Cys-SSS-Cys treatment against electrophile-induced cell death is conserved in E. coli. This protection correlates with the rapid generation of cysteine hydropersulfide (Cys-SSH) in the culture media. We go on to demonstrate that an exogenous phosphatase expressed in E. coli, containing only a single catalytic cysteine, is protected from electrophile-induced inactivation in the presence of hydropersulfides. These data together demonstrate that E. coli can utilize Cys-SSS-Cys to generate Cys-SSH and that the Cys-SSH can protect cellular thiols from reactivity with the electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Henderson
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Iris Bica
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Faith T Long
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Drew D Irwin
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Christine H Stull
- Department of Chemistry , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Blaine W Baker
- Department of Chemistry , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Valeria Suarez Vega
- Department of Chemistry , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Zachary M Taugher
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Eliza D Fletes
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Juliet M Bartleson
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Megan L Humphrey
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Lucía Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , INQUIMAE-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8575 , Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8575 , Japan
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
| | - Joseph Lin
- Department of Biology , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California 94928 , United States
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59
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Sun S, Weile J, Verby M, Wu Y, Wang Y, Cote AG, Fotiadou I, Kitaygorodsky J, Vidal M, Rine J, Ješina P, Kožich V, Roth FP. A proactive genotype-to-patient-phenotype map for cystathionine beta-synthase. Genome Med 2020; 12:13. [PMID: 32000841 PMCID: PMC6993387 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-0711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the majority of rare clinical missense variants, pathogenicity status cannot currently be classified. Classical homocystinuria, characterized by elevated homocysteine in plasma and urine, is caused by variants in the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene, most of which are rare. With early detection, existing therapies are highly effective. METHODS Damaging CBS variants can be detected based on their failure to restore growth in yeast cells lacking the yeast ortholog CYS4. This assay has only been applied reactively, after first observing a variant in patients. Using saturation codon-mutagenesis, en masse growth selection, and sequencing, we generated a comprehensive, proactive map of CBS missense variant function. RESULTS Our CBS variant effect map far exceeds the performance of computational predictors of disease variants. Map scores correlated strongly with both disease severity (Spearman's ϱ = 0.9) and human clinical response to vitamin B6 (ϱ = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that highly multiplexed cell-based assays can yield proactive maps of variant function and patient response to therapy, even for rare variants not previously seen in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Sun
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jochen Weile
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Marta Verby
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Yingzhou Wu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Yang Wang
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Atina G Cote
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Iosifina Fotiadou
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Julia Kitaygorodsky
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jasper Rine
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Pavel Ješina
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Frederick P Roth
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
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60
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Coordination of host and symbiont gene expression reveals a metabolic tug-of-war between aphids and Buchnera. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2113-2121. [PMID: 31964845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916748117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbioses between animals and microbes are often described as mutualistic, but are subject to tradeoffs that may manifest as shifts in host and symbiont metabolism, cellular processes, or symbiont density. In pea aphids, the bacterial symbiont Buchnera is confined to specialized aphid cells called bacteriocytes, where it produces essential amino acids needed by hosts. This relationship is dynamic; Buchnera titer varies within individual aphids and among different clonal aphid lineages, and is affected by environmental and host genetic factors. We examined how host genotypic variation relates to host and symbiont function among seven aphid clones differing in Buchnera titer. We found that bacteriocyte gene expression varies among individual aphids and among aphid clones, and that Buchnera gene expression changes in response. By comparing hosts with low and high Buchnera titer, we found that aphids and Buchnera oppositely regulate genes underlying amino acid biosynthesis and cell growth. In high-titer hosts, both bacteriocytes and symbionts show elevated expression of genes underlying energy metabolism. Several eukaryotic cell signaling pathways are differentially expressed in bacteriocytes of low- versus high-titer hosts: Cell-growth pathways are up-regulated in low-titer genotypes, while membrane trafficking, lysosomal processes, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and cytokine pathways are up-regulated in high-titer genotypes. Specific Buchnera functions are up-regulated within different bacteriocyte environments, with genes underlying flagellar body secretion and flagellar assembly overexpressed in low- and high-titer hosts, respectively. Overall, our results reveal allowances and demands made by both host and symbiont engaged in a metabolic "tug-of-war."
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61
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Albakour M, Zeyrek Ongun M, Topal SZ, Gürek AG. Zn(ii) phthalocyanines tetra substituted by aryl and alkyl azides: design, synthesis and optical detection of H2S. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental examination of two novel Zn(ii)-phthalocyanines having aryl and alkyl azide functional groups at the peripheral positions that have been designed/synthesized for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Albakour
- Department of Chemisytry
- Gebze Technical University
- 41400 Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Merve Zeyrek Ongun
- Chemistry Technology Program
- Izmir Vocational High School
- Dokuz Eylul University
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | | | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemisytry
- Gebze Technical University
- 41400 Gebze
- Turkey
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62
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Wang B, Huang C, Chen L, Xu D, Zheng G, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhang X. The Emerging Roles of the Gaseous Signaling Molecules NO, H2S, and CO in the Regulation of Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:798-812. [PMID: 33464852 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Daoliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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63
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Crystal Structure of Bacterial Cystathionine Γ-Lyase in The Cysteine Biosynthesis Pathway of Staphylococcus aureus. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many enzymes require pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) as an essential cofactor and share active site residues in mediating diverse enzymatic reactions. Methionine can be converted into cysteine by cystathionine γ-lyases (CGLs) through a transsulfuration reaction dependent on PLP. In bacteria, MccB, also known as YhrB, exhibits CGL activity that cleaves the C–S bond of cystathionine at the γ position. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of MccB from Staphylococcus aureus in its apo- and PLP-bound forms. The structures of MccB exhibited similar molecular arrangements to those of MetC-mediating β-elimination with the same substrate and further illustrated PLP-induced structural changes in MccB. A structural comparison to MetC revealed a longer distance between the N-1 atom of the pyridine ring of PLP and the Oδ atom of the Asp residue, as well as a wider and more flexible active site environment in MccB. We also found a hydrogen bond network in Ser-water-Ser-Glu near the Schiff base nitrogen atom of the PLP molecule and propose the Ser-water-Ser-Glu motif as a general base for the γ-elimination process. Our study suggests the molecular mechanism for how homologous enzymes that use PLP as a cofactor catalyze different reactions with the same active site residues.
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64
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Imbalance of Homocysteine and H 2S: Significance, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Promise in Vascular Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7629673. [PMID: 31885816 PMCID: PMC6893243 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7629673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in cardiovascular pathogenesis continuously draws attention, deficiency of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been growingly implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Generation of H2S is closely associated with the metabolism of homocysteine via key enzymes such as cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). The level of homocysteine and H2S is regulated by each other. Metabolic switch in the activity of CBS and CSE may occur with a resultant operating preference change of these enzymes in homocysteine and H2S metabolism. This paper presented an overview regarding (1) linkage between the metabolism of homocysteine and H2S, (2) mutual regulation of homocysteine and H2S, (3) imbalance of homocysteine and H2S in cardiovascular disorders, (4) mechanisms underlying the protective effect of H2S against homocysteine-induced vascular injury, and (5) the current status of homocysteine-lowering and H2S-based therapies for cardiovascular disease. The metabolic imbalance of homocysteine and H2S renders H2S/homocysteine ratio a potentially reliable biomarker for cardiovascular disease and development of drugs or interventions targeting the interplay between homocysteine and H2S to maintain the endogenous balance of these two molecules may hold an even bigger promise for management of vascular disorders than targeting homocysteine or H2S alone.
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65
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McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. A diet rich in taurine, cysteine, folate, B 12 and betaine may lessen risk for Alzheimer's disease by boosting brain synthesis of hydrogen sulfide. Med Hypotheses 2019; 132:109356. [PMID: 31450076 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous physiological modulator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been shown to exert a variety of neuroprotective effects. In particular, the treatment of transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with agents that release H2S aids preservation of cognitive function, suppresses brain production of amyloid beta, and decreases tau phosphorylation. The possible physiological relevance of these findings is suggested by the finding that brain and plasma levels of H2S are markedly lower in AD patients than matched controls. Hence, nutraceutical strategies which boost brain synthesis or levels of H2S may have potential for prevention of AD. The chief enzyme which synthesizes H2S in brain parenchyma, cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), employs cysteine as its rate-limiting substrate, and is allosterically activated by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Supplemental taurine has been shown to boost expression of this enzyme, as well as that of another H2S source, cystathionine gamma-lyase, in vascular tissue, and to enhance plasma H2S levels; in rats subjected to hemorrhagic stroke, co-administration of taurine has been shown to blunt a marked reduction in brain CBS expression. Brain levels of SAM are about half as high in AD patients as in controls, and this is thought to explain the reduction of brain H2S in these patients. These considerations suggest that supplementation with cysteine, taurine, and agents which promote methyl group availability - such as SAM, folate, vitamin B12, and betaine - may have potential for boosting brain synthesis of H2S and thereby aiding AD prevention. Indeed, most of these agents have already demonstrated utility in mouse AD models - albeit the extent to which increased H2S synthesis contributes to this protection remains unclear. Moreover, prospective epidemiology has associated low dietary or plasma levels of folate, B12, and taurine with increased dementia risk. Rodent studies suggest that effective nutraceutical strategies for boosting brain H2S synthesis may in fact have broad neuroprotective utility, possibly aiding prevention and/or control not only of AD but also Parkinson's disease and glaucoma, while diminishing the neuronal damage associated with brain trauma or stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, United States
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66
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Yadav PK, Vitvitsky V, Kim H, White A, Cho US, Banerjee R. S-3-Carboxypropyl-l-cysteine specifically inhibits cystathionine γ-lyase-dependent hydrogen sulfide synthesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11011-11022. [PMID: 31160338 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule, which modulates a wide range of mammalian physiological processes. Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) catalyzes H2S synthesis and is a potential target for modulating H2S levels under pathophysiological conditions. CSE is inhibited by propargylglycine (PPG), a widely used mechanism-based inhibitor. In this study, we report that inhibition of H2S synthesis from cysteine, but not the canonical cystathionine cleavage reaction catalyzed by CSE in vitro, is sensitive to preincubation of the enzyme with PPG. In contrast, the efficacy of S-3-carboxpropyl-l-cysteine (CPC) a new inhibitor described herein, was not dependent on the order of substrate/inhibitor addition. We observed that CPC inhibited the γ-elimination reaction of cystathionine and H2S synthesis from cysteine by human CSE with Ki values of 50 ± 3 and 180 ± 15 μm, respectively. We noted that CPC spared the other enzymes involved either directly (cystathionine β-synthase and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) or indirectly (cysteine aminotransferase) in H2S biogenesis. CPC also targeted CSE in cultured cells, inhibiting transsulfuration flux by 80-90%, as monitored by the transfer of radiolabel from [35S]methionine to GSH. The 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of human CSE in complex with the CPC-derived aminoacrylate intermediate provided a structural framework for the molecular basis of its inhibitory effect. In summary, our study reveals a previously unknown confounding effect of PPG, widely used to inhibit CSE-dependent H2S synthesis, and reports on an alternative inhibitor, CPC, which could be used as a scaffold to develop more potent H2S biogenesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Yadav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
| | - Hanseong Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
| | - Andrew White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Uhn-Soo Cho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and.
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67
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Yang J, Minkler P, Grove D, Wang R, Willard B, Dweik R, Hine C. Non-enzymatic hydrogen sulfide production from cysteine in blood is catalyzed by iron and vitamin B 6. Commun Biol 2019; 2:194. [PMID: 31123718 PMCID: PMC6529520 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in metabolism and health. Its enzymatic generation from sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) is well characterized. However, the existence of non-enzymatic H2S production from SAAs, the chemical mechanism, and its biological implications remain unclear. Here we present non-enzymatic H2S production in vitro and in blood via a reaction specific for the SAA cysteine serving as substrate and requires coordinated catalysis by Vitamin B6, pyridoxal(phosphate), and iron under physiological conditions. An initial cysteine-aldimine is formed by nucleophilic attack of the cysteine amino group to the pyridoxal(phosphate) aldehyde group. Free or heme-bound iron drives the formation of a cysteine-quinonoid, thiol group elimination, and hydrolysis of the desulfurated aldimine back to pyridoxal(phosphate). The reaction ultimately produces pyruvate, NH3, and H2S. This work highlights enzymatic production is inducible and robust in select tissues, whereas iron-catalyzed production contributes underappreciated basal H2S systemically with pathophysiological implications in hemolytic, iron overload, and hemorrhagic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Paul Minkler
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - David Grove
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Raed Dweik
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
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68
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Hu Y, Wang L, Han X, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Wang L, Hong T, Zhang W, Guo XX, Sun J, Qi Y, Yu J, Liu H, Wu F. Discovery of a Bioactive Inhibitor with a New Scaffold for Cystathionine γ-Lyase. J Med Chem 2018; 62:1677-1683. [PMID: 30562026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We identify three submicromolar inhibitors with new chemical scaffolds for cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) by a tandem-well-based high-throughput assay. NSC4056, the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM, which is also known as aurintricarboxylic acid, selectively binds to Arg and Tyr residues of CSE active site and preferably inhibits the CSE activity in cells rather than cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), the other H2S-generating enzyme. Moreover, NSC4056 effectively rescues hypotension in hemorrhagic shock rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youtian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yueyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Tonghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Ting Hong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China.,Science and Technology College , Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang 330004 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Xun-Xiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yingxin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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69
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Ikushiro H, Nagami A, Takai T, Sawai T, Shimeno Y, Hori H, Miyahara I, Kamiya N, Yano T. Heme-dependent Inactivation of 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase from Caulobacter crescentus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14228. [PMID: 30242198 PMCID: PMC6154995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of heme is strictly regulated, probably because of the toxic effects of excess heme and its biosynthetic precursors. In many organisms, heme biosynthesis starts with the production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) from glycine and succinyl-coenzyme A, a process catalyzed by a homodimeric enzyme, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS). ALAS activity is negatively regulated by heme in various ways, such as the repression of ALAS gene expression, degradation of ALAS mRNA, and inhibition of mitochondrial translocation of the mammalian precursor protein. There has been no clear evidence, however, that heme directly binds to ALAS to negatively regulate its activity. We found that recombinant ALAS from Caulobacter crescentus was inactivated via a heme-mediated feedback manner, in which the essential coenzyme PLP was rel eased to form the inactive heme-bound enzyme. The spectroscopic properties of the heme-bound ALAS showed that a histidine-thiolate hexa-coordinated ferric heme bound to each subunit with a one-to-one stoichiometry. His340 and Cys398 were identified as the axial ligands of heme, and mutant ALASs lacking either of these ligands became resistant to heme-mediated inhibition. ALAS expressed in C. crescentus was also found to bind heme, suggesting that heme-mediated feedback inhibition of ALAS is physiologically relevant in C. crescentus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ikushiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nagami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.,Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Taiki Sawai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimeno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuko Miyahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kamiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takato Yano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
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70
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Vieira GAL, Silva MTAD, Regasini LO, Cotinguiba F, Laure HJ, Rosa JC, Furlan M, Cicarelli RMB. Trypanosoma cruzi: analysis of two different strains after piplartine treatment. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:208-218. [PMID: 29879424 PMCID: PMC9425661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemoflagellate protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, mainly transmitted by triatomine insects through blood transfusion or from mother-to-child, causes Chagas' disease. This is a serious parasitic disease that occurs in Latin America, with considerable social and economic impact. Nifurtimox and benznidazole, drugs indicated for treating infected persons, are effective in the acute phase, but poorly effective during the chronic phase. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to find innovative chemotherapeutic agents and/or effective vaccines. Since piplartine has several biological activities, including trypanocidal activity, the present study aimed to evaluate it on two T. cruzi strains proteome. Considerable changes in the expression of some important enzymes involved in parasite protection against oxidative stress, such as tryparedoxin peroxidase (TXNPx) and methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) was observed in both strains. These findings suggest that blocking the expression of the two enzymes could be potential targets for therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cotinguiba
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Química, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais (IPPN), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helen Julie Laure
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Química de Proteínas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José César Rosa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Química de Proteínas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Furlan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Química, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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71
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Libiad M, Motl N, Akey DL, Sakamoto N, Fearon ER, Smith JL, Banerjee R. Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase-like domain-containing 1 protein interacts with thioredoxin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2675-2686. [PMID: 29348167 PMCID: PMC5827441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodanese domains are structural modules present in the sulfurtransferase superfamily. These domains can exist as single units, in tandem repeats, or fused to domains with other activities. Despite their prevalence across species, the specific physiological roles of most sulfurtransferases are not known. Mammalian rhodanese and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase are perhaps the best-studied members of this protein superfamily and are involved in hydrogen sulfide metabolism. The relatively unstudied human thiosulfate sulfurtransferase-like domain-containing 1 (TSTD1) protein, a single-domain cytoplasmic sulfurtransferase, was also postulated to play a role in the sulfide oxidation pathway using thiosulfate to form glutathione persulfide, for subsequent processing in the mitochondrial matrix. Prior kinetic analysis of TSTD1 was performed at pH 9.2, raising questions about relevance and the proposed model for TSTD1 function. In this study, we report a 1.04 Å resolution crystal structure of human TSTD1, which displays an exposed active site that is distinct from that of rhodanese and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Kinetic studies with a combination of sulfur donors and acceptors reveal that TSTD1 exhibits a low Km for thioredoxin as a sulfane sulfur acceptor and that it utilizes thiosulfate inefficiently as a sulfur donor. The active site exposure and its interaction with thioredoxin suggest that TSTD1 might play a role in sulfide-based signaling. The apical localization of TSTD1 in human colonic crypts, which interfaces with sulfide-releasing microbes, and the overexpression of TSTD1 in colon cancer provide potentially intriguing clues as to its role in sulfide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Libiad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Nicole Motl
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David L Akey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Eric R Fearon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Janet L Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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72
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Abstract
Signaling by H2S is proposed to occur via persulfidation, a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). Persulfidation provides a framework for understanding the physiological and pharmacological effects of H2S. Due to the inherent instability of persulfides, their chemistry is understudied. In this review, we discuss the biologically relevant chemistry of H2S and the enzymatic routes for its production and oxidation. We cover the chemical biology of persulfides and the chemical probes for detecting them. We conclude by discussing the roles ascribed to protein persulfidation in cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos R. Filipovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jasmina Zivanovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la Republica, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
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73
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N-Acetyl Cysteine Functions as a Fast-Acting Antioxidant by Triggering Intracellular H 2S and Sulfane Sulfur Production. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:447-459.e4. [PMID: 29429900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cysteine prodrug N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is widely used as a pharmacological antioxidant and cytoprotectant. It has been reported to lower endogenous oxidant levels and to protect cells against a wide range of pro-oxidative insults. As NAC itself is a poor scavenger of oxidants, the molecular mechanisms behind the antioxidative effects of NAC have remained uncertain. Here we show that NAC-derived cysteine is desulfurated to generate hydrogen sulfide, which in turn is oxidized to sulfane sulfur species, predominantly within mitochondria. We provide evidence suggesting the possibility that sulfane sulfur species produced by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase are the actual mediators of the immediate antioxidative and cytoprotective effects provided by NAC.
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74
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Bird RP. The Emerging Role of Vitamin B6 in Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 83:151-194. [PMID: 29477221 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 serves as a coenzyme catalyzing more than 150 enzymes regulating metabolism and synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, heme, and important bioactive metabolites. For several years vitamin B6 and its vitamers (B6) were recognized as antioxidant and antiinflammatory and in modulating immunity and gene expression. During the last 10 years, there were growing reports implicating B6 in inflammation and inflammation-related chronic illnesses including cancer. It is unclear if the deficiency of B6 or additional intake of B6, above the current requirement, should be the focus. Whether the current recommended daily intake for B6 is adequate should be revisited, since B6 is important to human health beyond its role as a coenzyme and its status is affected by many factors including but not limited to age, obesity, and inflammation associated with chronic illnesses. A link between inflammation B6 status and carcinogenesis is not yet completely understood. B6-mediated synthesis of H2S, a gasotransmitter, and taurine in health and disease, especially in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and biogenesis and inflammation, remains an important area to be explored. Recent developments in the molecular role of B6 and its direct interaction with inflammasomes, and nuclear receptor corepressor and coactivator, receptor-interacting protein 140, provide a strong impetus to further explore the multifaceted role of B6 in carcinogenesis and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana P Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
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75
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Giménez-Mascarell P, Majtan T, Oyenarte I, Ereño-Orbea J, Majtan J, Klaudiny J, Kraus JP, Martínez-Cruz LA. Crystal structure of cystathionine β-synthase from honeybee Apis mellifera. J Struct Biol 2017; 202:82-93. [PMID: 29275181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), the key enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway, links methionine metabolism to the biosynthesis of cellular redox controlling molecules. CBS catalyzes the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent condensation of serine and homocysteine to form cystathionine, which is subsequently converted into cysteine. Besides maintaining cellular sulfur amino acid homeostasis, CBS also catalyzes multiple hydrogen sulfide-generating reactions using cysteine and homocysteine as substrates. In mammals, CBS is activated by S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), where it can adopt two different conformations (basal and activated), but exists as a unique highly active species in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Here we present the crystal structure of CBS from honeybey Apis mellifera, which shows a constitutively active dimeric species and let explain why the enzyme is not allosterically regulated by AdoMet. In addition, comparison of available CBS structures unveils a substrate-induced closure of the catalytic cavity, which in humans is affected by the AdoMet-dependent regulation and likely impaired by the homocystinuria causing mutation T191M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Giménez-Mascarell
- Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC Biogune), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Iker Oyenarte
- Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC Biogune), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - June Ereño-Orbea
- Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC Biogune), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juraj Majtan
- Laboratory of Apidology and Apitherapy, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84551, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Klaudiny
- Department of Glycobiology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia
| | - Jan P Kraus
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC Biogune), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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76
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Highly selective fluorescent probe based on new coordinated cationic polyvinylpyrrolidone for hydrogen sulfide sensing in aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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77
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Novel biosynthetic pathway for sulfur amino acids in Cryptococcus neoformans. Curr Genet 2017; 64:681-696. [PMID: 29159425 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We elucidated a unique feature of sulfur metabolism in Cryptococcus neoformans. C. neoformans produces cysteine solely by the O-acetylserine pathway that consists of serine-O-acetyl transferase and cysteine synthase. We designated the gene encoding the former enzyme CYS2 (locus tag CNE02740) and the latter enzyme CYS1 (locus tag CNL05880). The cys1Δmutant strain was found to be avirulent in a murine infection model. Methionine practically does not support growth of the cys1Δ strain, and cysteine does not serve as a methionine source, indicating that the transsulfuration pathway does not contribute to sulfur amino acid synthesis in C. neoformans. Among the genes encoding enzymes catalyzing the reactions from homoserine to methionine, the gene corresponding to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MET17 encoding O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (Met17p) had remained to be identified in C. neoformans. By genetic analysis of Met- mutants obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated mutagenesis, we concluded that Cnc01220, most similar to Str2p (36% identity), cystathionine-γ-synthase, in the Saccharomyces genome, is the C. neoformans version of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase. We designated CNC01220 as MET17. The C. neoformans met3Δ mutant defective in the first step of the sulfate assimilation pathway, sulfate adenylyltransferase, barely uses methionine as a sulfur source, whereas it uses cysteine efficiently. The poor utilization of methionine by the met3Δ mutant is most probably due to the absence of the transsulfuration pathway, causing an incapability of C. neoformans to produce cysteine and hydrogen sulfide from methionine. When cysteine is used as a sulfur source, methionine is likely produced de novo by using hydrogen sulfide derived from cysteine via an unidentified pathway. Altogether, the unique features of sulfur amino acid metabolism in C. neoformans will make this fungus a valuable experimental system to develop anti-fungal agents and to investigate physiology of hydrogen sulfide.
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78
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Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H 2S Levels: H 2S Donors and H 2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:497-564. [PMID: 28978633 PMCID: PMC5629631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important endogenous gasotransmitter in mammalian cells and tissues. Similar to the previously characterized gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, H2S is produced by various enzymatic reactions and regulates a host of physiologic and pathophysiological processes in various cells and tissues. H2S levels are decreased in a number of conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and aging) and are increased in other states (e.g., inflammation, critical illness, and cancer). Over the last decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of H2S, either based on H2S donation or inhibition of H2S biosynthesis. H2S donation can be achieved through the inhalation of H2S gas and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of so-called fast-releasing H2S donors (salts of H2S such as NaHS and Na2S) or slow-releasing H2S donors (GYY4137 being the prototypical compound used in hundreds of studies in vitro and in vivo). Recent work also identifies various donors with regulated H2S release profiles, including oxidant-triggered donors, pH-dependent donors, esterase-activated donors, and organelle-targeted (e.g., mitochondrial) compounds. There are also approaches where existing, clinically approved drugs of various classes (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) are coupled with H2S-donating groups (the most advanced compound in clinical trials is ATB-346, an H2S-donating derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound naproxen). For pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis, there are now several small molecule compounds targeting each of the three H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Although many of these compounds have their limitations (potency, selectivity), these molecules, especially in combination with genetic approaches, can be instrumental for the delineation of the biologic processes involving endogenous H2S production. Moreover, some of these compounds (e.g., cell-permeable prodrugs of the CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, or benserazide, a potentially repurposable CBS inhibitor) may serve as starting points for future clinical translation. The present article overviews the currently known H2S donors and H2S biosynthesis inhibitors, delineates their mode of action, and offers examples for their biologic effects and potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
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79
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Li YL, Wu PF, Chen JG, Wang S, Han QQ, Li D, Wang W, Guan XL, Li D, Long LH, Huang JG, Wang F. Activity-Dependent Sulfhydration Signal Controls N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Subtype Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity via Increasing d-Serine Availability. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:398-414. [PMID: 28051338 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive sulfur species, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its oxydates, have been raised as novel redox signaling molecules. The present study aimed at examining whether endogenous sulfhydration signal is required for long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model for memory. RESULTS In this study, we found that increased synaptic activity triggered sulfide generation and protein sulfhydration. Activity-triggered sulfide production was essential for N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype glutamate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP via maintaining the availability of d-serine, a primary coagonist for synaptic NMDARs. Genetic knockdown of cystathionine β-synthase, not cystathionine γ-lyase, impaired LTP. H2S increased NMDAR-dependent LTP via sulfhydration and disinhibition of serine racemase (SR), a main synthetase of d-serine. We found that polysulfides also increased NMDAR-dependent LTP and NMDAR activity. In aged rats, the level of H2S and SR sulfhydration decreased significantly. Exogenous supplement of H2S restored the sulfhydration of SR, followed by the improvement of age-related deficits in LTP. Furthermore, boost of H2S signal in vivo improves hippocampus-dependent memory. Innovation and Conclusion: Our results provide a direct evidence for the biological significance of endogenous sulfhydration signal in synaptic plasticity. Exogenous supplement of H2S could be considered as the new therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurocognitive dysfunction after aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 398-414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Long Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) , Wuhan, China .,3 Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,4 Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China , Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) , Wuhan, China .,3 Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,4 Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China , Wuhan, China .,5 The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- 6 School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Han
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- 7 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Lei Guan
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Di Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) , Wuhan, China .,3 Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,4 Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China , Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Geng Huang
- 7 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) , Wuhan, China .,3 Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,4 Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China , Wuhan, China .,5 The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Wuhan, China
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80
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Motl N, Skiba MA, Kabil O, Smith JL, Banerjee R. Structural and biochemical analyses indicate that a bacterial persulfide dioxygenase-rhodanese fusion protein functions in sulfur assimilation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14026-14038. [PMID: 28684420 PMCID: PMC5572905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule that is toxic at elevated concentrations. In eukaryotes, it is cleared via a mitochondrial sulfide oxidation pathway, which comprises sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, persulfide dioxygenase (PDO), rhodanese, and sulfite oxidase and converts H2S to thiosulfate and sulfate. Natural fusions between the non-heme iron containing PDO and rhodanese, a thiol sulfurtransferase, exist in some bacteria. However, little is known about the role of the PDO-rhodanese fusion (PRF) proteins in sulfur metabolism. Herein, we report the kinetic properties and the crystal structure of a PRF from the Gram-negative endophytic bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans The crystal structures of wild-type PRF and a sulfurtransferase-inactivated C314S mutant with and without glutathione were determined at 1.8, 2.4, and 2.7 Å resolution, respectively. We found that the two active sites are distant and do not show evidence of direct communication. The B. phytofirmans PRF exhibited robust PDO activity and preferentially catalyzed sulfur transfer in the direction of thiosulfate to sulfite and glutathione persulfide; sulfur transfer in the reverse direction was detectable only under limited turnover conditions. Together with the kinetic data, our bioinformatics analysis reveals that B. phytofirmans PRF is poised to metabolize thiosulfate to sulfite in a sulfur assimilation pathway rather than in sulfide stress response as seen, for example, with the Staphylococcus aureus PRF or sulfide oxidation and disposal as observed with the homologous mammalian proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Motl
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600
| | - Meredith A Skiba
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Omer Kabil
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600
| | - Janet L Smith
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600.
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81
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Velusamy N, Binoy A, Bobba KN, Nedungadi D, Mishra N, Bhuniya S. A bioorthogonal fluorescent probe for mitochondrial hydrogen sulfide: new strategy for cancer cell labeling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8802-8805. [PMID: 28736784 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the application of a chemodosimeter 'turn on' fluorescent probe for detecting endogenous H2S formation in cancer cells. Mito-HS showed a bathochromic shift in the UV-vis-absorption spectrum from 355 nm to 395 nm in the presence of H2S. Furthermore, it showed an ∼43-fold fluorescence enhancement at λem = 450 nm in the presence of H2S (200 μM). The cancer cell-specific fluorescence imaging reveals that Mito-HS has the ability to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells based on the level of endogenous H2S formation. In due course, Mito-HS would be a powerful cancer biomarker based on its ability to estimate endogenous H2S formation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Velusamy
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai, Coimbatore 641112, India.
| | - Anupama Binoy
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai, Coimbatore 641112, India.
| | - Divya Nedungadi
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Nandita Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai, Coimbatore 641112, India. and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai, Coimbatore 641112, India
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82
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Catalytic promiscuity and heme-dependent redox regulation of H 2S synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 37:115-121. [PMID: 28282633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The view of enzymes as punctilious catalysts has been shifting as examples of their promiscuous behavior increase. However, unlike a number of cases where the physiological relevance of breached substrate specificity is questionable, the very synthesis of H2S relies on substrate and reaction promiscuity, which presents the enzymes with a multitude of substrate and reaction choices. The transsulfuration pathway, a major source of H2S, is inherently substrate-ambiguous. A heme-regulated switch embedded in the first enzyme in the pathway can help avert the stochastic production of cysteine versus H2S and control switching between metabolic tracks to meet cellular needs. This review discusses the dominant role of enzyme promiscuity in pathways that double as sulfur catabolic and H2S synthetic tracks.
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83
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Chen B, Huang J, Geng H, Xuan L, Xu T, Li X, Han Y. A new ESIPT-based fluorescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide and its application in live-cell imaging. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03355e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new ESIPT-based fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide has been reasonably designed and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Huiqing Geng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Lingli Xuan
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xin Li
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yifeng Han
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
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84
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Functional and Molecular Insights of Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling and Protein Sulfhydration. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:543-561. [PMID: 28013031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gasotransmitter, is endogenously synthesized by multiple enzymes that are differentially expressed in the peripheral tissues and central nervous systems. H2S regulates a wide range of physiological processes, namely cardiovascular, neuronal, immune, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, and endocrine systems, by influencing cellular signaling pathways and sulfhydration of target proteins. This review focuses on the recent progress made in H2S signaling that affects mechanistic and functional aspects of several biological processes such as autophagy, inflammation, proliferation and differentiation of stem cell, cell survival/death, and cellular metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we highlighted the cross-talk between nitric oxide and H2S in several bilogical contexts.
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85
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Cascade reaction-based fluorescent probe for detection of H2S with the assistance of CTAB micelles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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86
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Xin Y, Liu H, Cui F, Liu H, Xun L. Recombinant Escherichia coli
with sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase and persulfide dioxygenase rapidly oxidises sulfide to sulfite and thiosulfate via a new pathway. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:5123-5136. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
- School of Molecular Biosciences; Washington State University; Pullman WA 991647520 USA
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87
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Han X, Yu F, Song X, Chen L. Quantification of cysteine hydropersulfide with a ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe based on selenium-sulfur exchange reaction. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5098-5107. [PMID: 30155159 PMCID: PMC6020118 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00838k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine hydropersulfide (Cys-SSH) plays primary roles in the synthesis of sulfur-containing cofactors, regulation of cellular signaling, activation or inactivation of enzyme activities, and modulation of cellular redox milieu. However, its biofunctions need to be further addressed due to the fact that many issues remain to be clarified. Herein, we conceive a novel ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe Cy-Dise for the sensitive and selective detection of Cys-SSH in living cells and in vivo for the first time. Cy-Dise is composed of three moieties: bis(2-hydroxyethyl) diselenide, heptamethine cyanine, and d-galactose. Cy-Dise exhibits a satisfactory linear ratio response to Cys-SSH via a selenium-sulfur exchange reaction in the range of 0-12 μM Cys-SSH. The experimental detection limit is determined to be 0.12 μM. The results of ratio imaging analyses confirm the qualitative and quantitative detection capabilities of Cy-Dise in HepG2 cells, HL-7702 cells, and primary hepatocytes. The level changes of Cys-SSH in cells stimulated by some related reagents are also observed. The probe is also suitable for deep tissue ratio imaging. Organ targeting tests with Cy-Dise in normal Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats and Walker-256 tumor SD rats verify its predominant localization in the liver. The probe is promising for revealing the roles of Cys-SSH in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
| | - Xinyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
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88
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H2S-induced thiol-based redox switches: Biochemistry and functional relevance for inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:642-651. [PMID: 27468648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, small inorganic molecules like reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and even the highly toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been evolved as important signaling molecules that trigger crucial cellular processes by regulating the activity of kinases, phosphatases and transcription factors. These redox molecules use similar target structures and therefore, the composition of the complex "redox environment" determines the final outcome of signaling processes and may subsequently also affect the behavior of a cell in an inflammatory environment. Here, we discuss the role of H2S in this complex interplay with a focus on the transcription factors Nrf2 and NFκB.
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89
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Arbelo-Lopez HD, Simakov NA, Smith JC, Lopez-Garriga J, Wymore T. Homolytic Cleavage of Both Heme-Bound Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Leads to the Formation of Sulfheme. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7319-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector D. Arbelo-Lopez
- Chemistry
Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Nikolay A. Simakov
- Center
for Computational Research, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Jeremy C. Smith
- UT/ORNL
Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Juan Lopez-Garriga
- Chemistry
Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Troy Wymore
- Department
of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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90
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Dai CG, Liu XL, Du XJ, Zhang Y, Song QH. Two-Input Fluorescent Probe for Thiols and Hydrogen Sulfide Chemosensing and Live Cell Imaging. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guang Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ling Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Du
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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91
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Vicente JB, Malagrinò F, Arese M, Forte E, Sarti P, Giuffrè A. Bioenergetic relevance of hydrogen sulfide and the interplay between gasotransmitters at human cystathionine β-synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1127-1138. [PMID: 27039165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Merely considered as a toxic gas in the past, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is currently viewed as the third 'gasotransmitter' in addition to nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), playing a key signalling role in human (patho)physiology. H2S can either act as a substrate or, similarly to CO and NO, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, in the latter case by targeting cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX). The impact of H(2)S on mitochondrial energy metabolism crucially depends on the bioavailability of this gaseous molecule and its interplay with the other two gasotransmitters. The H(2)S-producing human enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), sustaining cellular bioenergetics in colorectal cancer cells, plays a role in the interplay between gasotransmitters. The enzyme was indeed recently shown to be negatively modulated by physiological concentrations of CO and NO, particularly in the presence of its allosteric activator S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet). These newly discovered regulatory mechanisms are herein reviewed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República (EAN), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sarti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuffrè
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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92
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Großhennig S, Ischebeck T, Gibhardt J, Busse J, Feussner I, Stülke J. Hydrogen sulfide is a novel potential virulence factor of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: characterization of the unusual cysteine desulfurase/desulfhydrase HapE. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:42-54. [PMID: 26711628 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a human pathogen causing atypical pneumonia with a minimalized and highly streamlined genome. So far, hydrogen peroxide production, cytadherence, and the ADP-ribosylating CARDS toxin have been identified as pathogenicity determinants. We have studied haemolysis caused by M. pneumoniae, and discovered that hydrogen peroxide is responsible for the oxidation of heme, but not for lysis of erythrocytes. This feature could be attributed to hydrogen sulfide, a compound that has previously not been identified as virulence factor in lung pathogens. Indeed, we observed hydrogen sulfide production by M. pneumoniae. The search for a hydrogen sulfide-producing enzyme identified HapE, a protein with similarity to cysteine desulfurases. In contrast to typical cysteine desulfurases, HapE is a bifunctional enzyme: it has both the cysteine desulfurase activity to produce alanine and the cysteine desulfhydrase activity to produce pyruvate and hydrogen sulfide. Experiments with purified HapE showed that the enzymatic activity of the protein is responsible for haemolysis, demonstrating that HapE is a novel potential virulence factor of M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Großhennig
- Department of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Gibhardt
- Department of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Busse
- Department of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Georg-August-University, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Stülke
- Department of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Georg-August-University, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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93
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Selenium and Metabolic Disorders: An Emphasis on Type 2 Diabetes Risk. Nutrients 2016; 8:80. [PMID: 26861388 PMCID: PMC4772044 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that maintains biological functions through the action of Se containing proteins known as selenoproteins. Due to the known antioxidant effects of Se, supplements containing Se have been on the rise. While Se supplementation may be beneficial for Se deficient populations, few are at risk for Se deficiency due to the transportation of food from Se-rich regions and the rise of Se-enriched foods. Alarmingly, Se supplementation may have adverse effects in people who already receive an adequate Se supply. Specifically, an increased risk of type 2 diabetes has been reported in individuals with high baseline Se levels. However, this effect was restricted to males, suggesting the relationship between Se and glucose homeostasis may be sexually dimorphic. This review will discuss the current understanding of the interaction between Se and glucose homeostasis, including any sex differences that have been described.
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94
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Sarna LK, Siow YL, O K. The CBS/CSE system: a potential therapeutic target in NAFLD? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 93:1-11. [PMID: 25493326 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad spectrum liver disorder diagnosed in patients without a history of alcohol abuse. NAFLD is growing at alarming rates worldwide. Its pathogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. The cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) system regulates homocysteine and cysteine metabolism and contributes to endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biosynthesis. This review summarizes our current understanding of the hepatic CBS/CSE system, and for the first time, positions this system as a potential therapeutic target in NAFLD. As will be discussed, the CBS/CSE system is highly expressed and active in the liver. Its dysregulation, presenting as alterations in circulating homocysteine and (or) H2S levels, has been reported in NAFLD patients and in NAFLD-associated co-morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Intricate links between the CBS/CSE system and a number of metabolic and stress related molecular mediators have also emerged. Various dysfunctions in the hepatic CBS/CSE system have been reported in animal models representative of each NAFLD spectrum. It is anticipated that a newfound appreciation for the hepatic CBS/CSE system will emerge that will improve our understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis, and give rise to new prospective targets for management of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsei K Sarna
- a Laboratory of Integrative Biology, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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95
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Potentiation of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction by Hydrogen Sulfide Precursors 3-Mercaptopyruvate and D-Cysteine Is Blocked by the Cystathionine γ Lyase Inhibitor Propargylglycine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 860:81-7. [PMID: 26303470 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) generally dilates systemic arteries in mammals, it causes constriction of pulmonary arteries. In isolated rat pulmonary arteries, we have shown that the H(2)S precursor cysteine enhances both hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and tension development caused by the agonist prostaglandin F(2α) under normoxic conditions. These effects were blocked by propargylglycine (PAG), a blocker of the enzyme cystathionine γ lyase which metabolises cysteine to sulfide. In the present study, we evaluated whether 3-mercaptopyruvate (3-MP), a sulfide precursor which is thought to give rise to sulfide when it is metabolised by the enzyme mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, also enhanced contraction. Application of 3-MP prior to hypoxic challenge caused a marked enhancement of HPV which was completely blocked by both L- and D,L-PAG (both 1 mM). Cumulative application of 3-1,000 μM 3-MP during an ongoing contraction to PGF(2α) under normoxic conditions also caused a marked increase in tension. Application of D-cysteine (1 mM) also enhanced HPV, and this effect was prevented by both the D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor sodium benzoate (500 μM) and 1 mM L-PAG.
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96
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Gregory JF, DeRatt BN, Rios-Avila L, Ralat M, Stacpoole PW. Vitamin B6 nutritional status and cellular availability of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate govern the function of the transsulfuration pathway's canonical reactions and hydrogen sulfide production via side reactions. Biochimie 2016; 126:21-6. [PMID: 26765812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transsulfuration pathway (TS) acts in sulfur amino acid metabolism by contributing to the regulation of cellular homocysteine, cysteine production, and the generation of H2S for signaling functions. Regulation of TS pathway kinetics involves stimulation of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and oxidants such as H2O2, and by Michaelis-Menten principles whereby substrate concentrations affect reaction rates. Although pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) serves as coenzyme for both CBS and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), CSE exhibits much greater loss of activity than CBS during PLP insufficiency. Thus, cellular and plasma cystathionine concentrations increase in vitamin B6 deficiency mainly due to the bottleneck caused by reduced CSE activity. Because of the increase in cystathionine, the canonical production of cysteine (homocysteine → cystathionine → cysteine) is largely maintained even during vitamin B6 deficiency. Typical whole body transsulfuration flux in humans is 3-7 μmol/h per kg body weight. The in vivo kinetics of H2S production via side reactions of CBS and CSE in humans are unknown but they have been reported for cultured HepG2 cells. In these studies, cells exhibit a pronounced reduction in H2S production capacity and rates of lanthionine and homolanthionine synthesis in deficiency. In humans, plasma concentrations of lanthionine and homolanthionine exhibit little or no mean change due to 4-wk vitamin B6 restriction, nor do they respond to pyridoxine supplementation of subjects in chronically low-vitamin B6 status. Wide individual variation in responses of the H2S biomarkers to such perturbations of human vitamin B6 status suggests that the resulting modulation of H2S production may have physiological consequences in a subset of people. Supported by NIH grant DK072398. This paper refers to data from studies registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01128244 and NCT00877812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA.
| | - Barbara N DeRatt
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA
| | - Luisa Rios-Avila
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA
| | - Maria Ralat
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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97
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Wang J, Chen Y, Yang C, Wei T, Han Y, Xia M. An ICT-based colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide and its application in live cell imaging. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide has been reasonably designed and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Tin Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yifeng Han
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
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98
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Yadav PK, Martinov M, Vitvitsky V, Seravalli J, Wedmann R, Filipovic MR, Banerjee R. Biosynthesis and Reactivity of Cysteine Persulfides in Signaling. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:289-99. [PMID: 26667407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) elicits pleiotropic physiological effects ranging from modulation of cardiovascular to CNS functions. A dominant method for transmission of sulfide-based signals is via posttranslational modification of reactive cysteine thiols to persulfides. However, the source of the persulfide donor and whether its relationship to H2S is as a product or precursor is controversial. The transsulfuration pathway enzymes can synthesize cysteine persulfide (Cys-SSH) from cystine and H2S from cysteine and/or homocysteine. Recently, Cys-SSH was proposed as the primary product of the transsulfuration pathway with H2S representing a decomposition product of Cys-SSH. Our detailed kinetic analyses demonstrate a robust capacity for Cys-SSH production by the human transsulfuration pathway enzymes, cystathionine beta-synthase and γ-cystathionase (CSE) and for homocysteine persulfide synthesis from homocystine by CSE only. However, in the reducing cytoplasmic milieu where the concentration of reduced thiols is significantly higher than of disulfides, substrate level regulation favors the synthesis of H2S over persulfides. Mathematical modeling at physiologically relevant hepatic substrate concentrations predicts that H2S rather than Cys-SSH is the primary product of the transsulfuration enzymes with CSE being the dominant producer. The half-life of the metastable Cys-SSH product is short and decomposition leads to a mixture of polysulfides (Cys-S-(S)n-S-Cys). These in vitro data, together with the intrinsic reactivity of Cys-SSH for cysteinyl versus sulfur transfer, are consistent with the absence of an observable increase in protein persulfidation in cells in response to exogenous cystine and evidence for the formation of polysulfides under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Yadav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
| | - Michael Martinov
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
| | - Javier Seravalli
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Rudolf Wedmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
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99
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Huang CW, Moore PK. H2S Synthesizing Enzymes: Biochemistry and Molecular Aspects. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 230:3-25. [PMID: 26162827 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18144-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a biologically active gas that is synthesized naturally by three enzymes, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). These enzymes are constitutively present in a wide array of biological cells and tissues and their expression can be induced by a number of disease states. It is becoming increasingly clear that H2S is an important mediator of a wide range of cell functions in health and in disease. This review therefore provides an overview of the biochemical and molecular regulation of H2S synthesizing enzymes both in physiological conditions and their modulation in disease states with particular focus on their regulation in asthma, atherosclerosis and diabetes. The importance of small molecule inhibitors in the study of molecular pathways, the current use of common H2S synthesizing enzyme inhibitors and the relevant characteristics of mice in which these enzymes have been genetically deleted will also be summarized. With a greater understanding of the molecular regulation of these enzymes in disease states, as well as the availability of novel small molecules with high specificity targeted towards H2S producing enzymes, the potential to regulate the biological functions of this intriguing gas H2S for therapeutic effect can perhaps be brought one step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Weihao Huang
- Neurobiology Group, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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100
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Prieto-Lloret J, Shaifta Y, Ward JPT, Aaronson PI. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat pulmonary arteries is not inhibited by antagonists of H2 S-synthesizing pathways. J Physiol 2015; 593:385-401. [PMID: 25630260 PMCID: PMC4303384 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.277046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the H2S (hydrogen sulphide, hereafter sulphide) concentration in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) has been proposed to mediate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). We evaluated this hypothesis in isolated rat intrapulmonary arteries (IPAs) by examining the effects of the sulphide precursor cysteine and sulphide-synthesis blockers on HPV and also on normoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (NPV) stimulated by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and by the drug LY83583, which causes contraction in IPAs by increasing cellular reactive oxygen species levels. Experiments with several blockers of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for sulphide synthesis in the vasculature, demonstrated that propargylglycine (PAG, 1 mm) had little or no effect on the NPV caused by PGF2α or LY83583. Conversely, other CSE antagonists tested, aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 100 μm), β-cyanoalanine (BCA, 500 μm) and hydroxylamine (HA, 100 μm), altered the NPV to PGF2α (BCA increased, HA inhibited) and/or LY83583 (BCA increased, AOAA and HA inhibited). Preincubating IPAs in physiological saline solution (PSS) containing 1 mm cysteine increased the amplitude of the NPV to PGF2α by ∼50%, and had a similar effect on HPV elicited by hypoxic challenge with 0% O2. The enhancement of both responses by cysteine was abolished by pretreatment with 1 mm PAG. Measurements carried out with an amperometric electrode demonstrated that incubation with 1 mm cysteine under anoxic conditions (to minimize sulphide oxidation) greatly potentiated the release of sulphide from pieces of rat liver and that this release was strongly antagonized by PAG, indicating that at this concentration PAG could enter cells intact and antagonize CSE. PAG at 1 mm had no effect on HPV recorded in control PSS, or in PSS supplemented with physiological concentrations of cysteine (10 μm), cystine (50 μm) and glutamate (100 μm) in order to prevent the possible depletion of intracellular cysteine during experiments. Application of a combination of 1 mm cysteine and 1 mm α-ketoglutarate to promote sulphide synthesis via the cysteine aminotransferase/mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (CAT/MST) pathway caused an increase in HPV similar to that observed for cysteine. This was partially blocked by the CAT antagonist aspartate (1 mm) and also by PAG. However, HPV was not increased by 1 mm α-ketoglutarate alone, and HPV in the absence of α-ketoglutarate and cysteine was not attenuated by aspartate. Pretreatment of IPAs with dithiothreitol (DTT, 1 mm), proposed to promote the conversion of mitochondrial thiosulphate to sulphide, did not increase the release of sulphide from pieces of rat liver in either the presence or the absence of 1 mm cysteine, and virtually abolished HPV. The results provide evidence that the sulphide precursor cysteine can promote both NPV and HPV in rat IPA by generating sulphide via a PAG-sensitive pathway, presumably CSE. However, HPV evoked under control conditions was unaffected by the blockade of CSE. Moreover, HPV was not affected by the CAT antagonist aspartate and was blocked rather than enhanced by DTT. The data therefore indicate that sulphide generated by CSE or CAT/MST or from thiosulphate is unlikely to contribute to O2 sensing during HPV in these arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Prieto-Lloret
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
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