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Ex vivo tumor culture systems for functional drug testing and therapy response prediction. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO190. [PMID: 28670477 PMCID: PMC5481868 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal patient stratification is of utmost importance in the era of personalized medicine. Prediction of individual treatment responses by functional ex vivo assays requires model systems derived from viable tumor samples, which should closely resemble in vivo tumor characteristics and microenvironment. This review discusses a broad spectrum of model systems, ranging from classic 2D monolayer culture techniques to more experimental ‘cancer-on-chip’ procedures. We mainly focus on organotypic tumor slices that take tumor heterogeneity and tumor–stromal interactions into account. These 3D model systems can be exploited for patient selection as well as for fundamental research. Selection of the right model system for each specific research endeavor is crucial and requires careful balancing of the pros and cons of each technology. Selection of the right therapy for individual cancer patients is very important with the expanding number of possible treatments. How tumors respond to a therapy can be tested by treating a sample from the tumor outside the body. Various culture methods can be used to maintain this tumor sample. Each of these model systems has its own benefits and disadvantages. In this review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the available model systems and how they can be used to guide personalized medicine.
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Chlapek P, Zitterbart K, Kren L, Filipova L, Sterba J, Veselska R. Uniformity under in vitro conditions: Changes in the phenotype of cancer cell lines derived from different medulloblastoma subgroups. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172552. [PMID: 28231263 PMCID: PMC5322931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma comprises four main subgroups (WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4) originally defined by transcriptional profiling. In primary medulloblastoma tissues, these groups are thought to be distinguishable using the immunohistochemical detection of β-catenin, filamin A, GAB1 and YAP1 protein markers. To investigate the utility of these markers for in vitro studies using medulloblastoma cell lines, immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence were employed for the detection of β-catenin, filamin A, GAB1 and YAP1 in both DAOY and D283 Med reference cell lines and the panel of six medulloblastoma cell lines derived in our laboratory from the primary tumor tissues of known molecular subgroups. Immunohistochemical detection of these markers was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of the matching primary tumors. The results revealed substantial divergences between the primary tumor tissues and matching cell lines in the immunoreactivity pattern of medulloblastoma-subgroup-specific protein markers. Regardless of the molecular subgroup of the primary tumor, all six patient-derived medulloblastoma cell lines exhibited a uniform phenotype: immunofluorescence showed the nuclear localization of YAP1, accompanied by strong cytoplasmic positivity for β-catenin and filamin A, as well as weak positivity for GAB1. The same immunoreactivity pattern was also found in both DAOY and D283 Med reference medulloblastoma cell lines. Therefore, we can conclude that various medulloblastoma cell lines tend to exhibit the same characteristics of protein marker expression under standard in vitro conditions. Such a finding emphasizes the importance of the analyses of primary tumors in clinically oriented medulloblastoma research and the urgent need to develop in vitro models of improved clinical relevance, such as 3D cultures and organotypic slice cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Chlapek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leos Kren
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Filipova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Brasili E, Filho VC. Metabolomics of cancer cell cultures to assess the effects of dietary phytochemicals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1328-1339. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.964799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brasili
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas/CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Marie Vincent K, Postovit LM. Investigating the utility of human melanoma cell lines as tumour models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10498-10509. [PMID: 28060736 PMCID: PMC5354675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma researchers utilize cell lines to model many tumour phenomena. It is thus important to understand similarities and differences between cell lines and the tumours that they represent, so that the optimal models can be chosen to answer specific research questions. Herein, we compared the transcriptomes of 42 melanoma cell lines to hundreds of tumours from The Cancer Genome Atlas and thousands of single melanoma cells. Tumour purity was accounted for using the ESTIMATE algorithm, so that differences likely resulting from non-tumour cells could be accounted for. In addition, UV mutational signatures and the expression of skin-associated genes were analyzed in order to identify the putative origin of various cell lines. We found the transcriptional and mutational characteristics of melanoma cell lines to mirror those of the tumours, with the exception of immune-associated transcripts, which were absent in cell culture. We also determined cell lines that highly or poorly recapitulate melanomas and have identified colon (COLO 741) and lung (COLO 699) cancer cell lines that may actually be melanoma. In summary, this study represents a comprehensive comparison of melanoma cell lines and tumours that can be used as a guide for researchers when selecting melanoma cell line models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Marie Vincent
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
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Augustine D, Rao RS, Anbu J, Chidambara Murthy KN. In vitro Antiproliferative Effect of Earthworm Coelomic Fluid of Eudrilus Eugeniae, Eisenia Foetida, and Perionyx Excavatus on Squamous Cell Carcinoma-9 Cell Line: A Pilot Study. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:S61-S66. [PMID: 29333045 PMCID: PMC5757329 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_52_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) has shown proven antiproliferative effect against breast, liver, gastrointestinal, and brain cancer, but it is least explored in oral cancer. The present in vitro study is an attempt to investigate the antiproliferative activity of ECF on oral cancer cell line squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-9. Materials and Methods ECF was collected from the species Eudrilus eugeniae (EE), Eisenia foetida (EF), and Perionyx excavatus (PE) stored at -80°C. Percentage inhibition of ECF on squamous cell carcinoma-9 cells in vitro was recorded at 24 h. Protein estimation was done using Bradford protein assay validated by the biuret method. Cytotoxicity was tested at 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/ml concentrations by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in SCC-9 cells in vitro. GraphPad Prism 7.0 software was used to calculate the inhibitory concentration (IC50). Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between samples. Results The test samples EE, EF, and PE inhibited the growth of SCC-9 cells significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 values were found to be 4.6, 44.69, and 5.27 μg/ml, respectively. The antiproliferative effect was found to be variable among the three earthworm species with EE showing the most promising effect followed by PE and EF. Conclusion Establishing the antiproliferative effect of ECF on oral cancer cells could be an initial step toward drug development and future anticancer research. The preliminary investigation has shown that ECF has a promising antiproliferative effect on oral cancer cells in vitro. SUMMARY The present pilot study evaluated the in vitro antiproliferative effect of earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) of Eudrilus eugeniae (EE), Eisenia foetida (EF), and Perionyx excavatus (PE) on squamous cell carcinoma-9 cell line. The ECF inhibitory activity was promising at inhibitory concentration values of 4.6, 44.69, and 5.27 μg/ml, respectively. Further studies pertaining to antiproliferative mechanism of EE, EF, and PE have been planned.Abbreviations Used: ECF: Earthworm coelomic fluid, EE: Eudrilus eugeniae, EF: Eisenia foetida, PE: Perionyx excavatus, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma, BSA: Bovine serum albumin, PBS: Phosphored buffered saline, ATCC: American Type Culture Collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayaraman Anbu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K N Chidambara Murthy
- Central Research Laboratory, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Brodaczewska KK, Szczylik C, Fiedorowicz M, Porta C, Czarnecka AM. Choosing the right cell line for renal cell cancer research. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:83. [PMID: 27993170 PMCID: PMC5168717 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are still a tool of choice for many fields of biomedical research, including oncology. Although cancer is a very complex disease, many discoveries have been made using monocultures of established cell lines. Therefore, the proper use of in vitro models is crucial to enhance our understanding of cancer. Therapeutics against renal cell cancer (RCC) are also screened with the use of cell lines. Multiple RCC in vitro cultures are available, allowing in vivo heterogeneity in the laboratory, but at the same time, these can be a source of errors. In this review, we tried to sum up the data on the RCC cell lines used currently. An increasing amount of data on RCC shed new light on the molecular background of the disease; however, it revealed how much still needs to be done. As new types of RCC are being distinguished, novel cell lines and the re-exploration of old ones seems to be indispensable to create effective in vitro tools for drug screening and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Science Medical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
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Gedye C, Cardwell T, Dimopoulos N, Tan BS, Jackson H, Svobodová S, Anaka M, Behren A, Maher C, Hofmann O, Hide W, Caballero O, Davis ID, Cebon J. Mycoplasma Infection Alters Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:156-61. [PMID: 26514153 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines can be useful to model cancer stem cells. Infection with Mycoplasma species is an insidious problem in mammalian cell culture. While investigating stem-like properties in early passage melanoma cell lines, we noted poorly reproducible results from an aliquot of a cell line that was later found to be infected with Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Deliberate infection of other early passage melanoma cell lines aliquots induced variable and unpredictable effects on expression of putative cancer stem cell markers, clonogenicity, proliferation and global gene expression. Cell lines established in stem cell media (SCM) were equally susceptible. Mycoplasma status is rarely reported in publications using cultured cells to study the cancer stem cell hypothesis. Our work highlights the importance of surveillance for Mycoplasma infection while using any cultured cells to interrogate tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Gedye
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Tracy Cardwell
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Level 5, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Health, 145-163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Nektaria Dimopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Bee Shin Tan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Heather Jackson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Suzanne Svobodová
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Matthew Anaka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Level 5, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Health, 145-163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Christopher Maher
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.,Washington University Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, SPH2, 4th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Winston Hide
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, SPH2, 4th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Otavia Caballero
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Ian D Davis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, and Eastern Health, Box Hill Hospital, 5 Arnold St, Box Hill, VIC, 3128, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Level 5, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Health, 145-163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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Coperchini F, Pignatti P, Leporati P, Carbone A, Croce L, Magri F, Chiovato L, Rotondi M. Normal human thyroid cells, BCPAP, and TPC-1 thyroid tumor cell lines display different profile in both basal and TNF-α-induced CXCL8 secretion. Endocrine 2016; 54:123-128. [PMID: 26450713 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CXCL8 is secreted by both normal human thyrocytes (NHT) and thyroid cancer cell lines. CXCL8 displays several tumor-promoting effects and recent evidences indicate that its concentrations within the tumor microenvironment can impact the clinical course of the malignancy. Aim of this study was to compare the basal secretion of CXCL8 among NHT and thyroid cancer cell lines (TPC-1 and BCPAP), and to assess the specific cell response to TNF-α in terms of CXCL8 secretion. NHT primary cultures, TPC-1 and BCPAP cell lines were cultured with or without TNF-α (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml). CXCL8 levels were measured in the cell supernatants after 24 h. In basal condition, significant differences in the mean levels of CXCL8 were observed among the three cell types: NHT (110.5 ± 56.2 pg/ml), TPC1 (467.4 ± 43.2 pg/ml), and BCPAP (1731.8 ± 493.3 pg/ml), (F = 35.06; p < 0.0001). TNF-α significantly and in a dose-response manner induced CXCL8 secretion in NHT (F = 25.53; p < 0.00001), TPC-1 (F = 13.38; p < 0.0001), and BCPAP (F = 9.88; p < 0.001) cells. The magnitude of the TNF-α effect (fold-increase vs. basal level of CXCL8) differed significantly among the three cell types (F = 10.47; p < 0.0001). BCPAP were identified as the cells showing the highest basal secretion of CXCL8 and the less responsive to TNF-α. NHT, TPC-1, and BCPAP display significant differences in the secretion of both basal and TNF-α-induced CXCL8 secretion. These results indicate that the mechanisms regulating the secretion of CXCL8 differ in tumor cells harboring different genetic alterations suggesting that specific strategies aimed at inhibiting CXCL8 secretion will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Leporati
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carbone
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Adega F, Borges A, Chaves R. Cat Mammary Tumors: Genetic Models for the Human Counterpart. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3030017. [PMID: 29056725 PMCID: PMC5606576 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The records are not clear, but Man has been sheltering the cat inside his home for over 12,000 years. The close proximity of this companion animal, however, goes beyond sharing the same roof; it extends to the great similarity found at the cellular and molecular levels. Researchers have found a striking resemblance between subtypes of feline mammary tumors and their human counterparts that goes from the genes to the pathways involved in cancer initiation and progression. Spontaneous cat mammary pre-invasive intraepithelial lesions (hyperplasias and neoplasias) and malignant lesions seem to share a wide repertoire of molecular features with their human counterparts. In the present review, we tried to compile all the genetics aspects published (i.e., chromosomal alterations, critical cancer genes and their expression) regarding cat mammary tumors, which support the cat as a valuable alternative in vitro cell and animal model (i.e., cat mammary cell lines and the spontaneous tumors, respectively), but also to present a critical point of view of some of the issues that really need to be investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Adega
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Ana Borges
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
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Lee J, Kim YS, Lee J, Heo SC, Lee KL, Choi SW, Kim Y. Walnut Phenolic Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds Suppress Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Regulating Colon Cancer Stemness. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070439. [PMID: 27455311 PMCID: PMC4963915 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut has been known for its health benefits, including anti-cardiovascular disease and anti-oxidative properties. However, there is limited evidence elucidating its effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs) which represent a small subset of cancer cells that provide resistance against chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-CSCs potential of walnut phenolic extract (WPE) and its bioactive compounds, including (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and gallic acid. In the present study, CD133+CD44+ cells were isolated from HCT116 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and then treated with WPE. As a result, survival of the CD133+CD44+ HCT116 cells was inhibited and cell differentiation was induced by WPE. In addition, WPE down-regulated the CSC markers, CD133, CD44, DLK1, and Notch1, as well as the β-catenin/p-GSK3β signaling pathway. WPE suppressed the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Furthermore, the WPE exhibited stronger anti-CSC effects than its individual bioactive compounds. Finally, the WPE inhibited specific CSC markers in primary colon cancer cells isolated from primary colon tumor. These results suggest that WPE can suppress colon cancer by regulating the characteristics of colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Yoo-Sun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - JaeHwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | | | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Efficient generation of patient-matched malignant and normal primary cell cultures from clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients: clinically relevant models for research and personalized medicine. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:485. [PMID: 27422173 PMCID: PMC4947293 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have few therapeutic options, as ccRCC is unresponsive to chemotherapy and is highly resistant to radiation. Recently targeted therapies have extended progression-free survival, but responses are variable and no significant overall survival benefit has been achieved. Commercial ccRCC cell lines are often used as model systems to develop novel therapeutic approaches, but these do not accurately recapitulate primary ccRCC tumors at the genomic and transcriptional levels. Furthermore, ccRCC exhibits significant intertumor genetic heterogeneity, and the limited cell lines available fail to represent this aspect of ccRCC. Our objective was to generate accurate preclinical in vitro models of ccRCC using tumor tissues from ccRCC patients. METHODS ccRCC primary single cell suspensions were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing media or defined serum-free media. Established cultures were characterized by genomic verification of mutations present in the primary tumors, expression of renal epithelial markers, and transcriptional profiling. RESULTS The apparent efficiency of primary cell culture establishment was high in both culture conditions, but genotyping revealed that the majority of cultures contained normal, not cancer cells. ccRCC characteristically shows biallelic loss of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene, leading to accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and expression of HIF target genes. Purification of cells based on expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), a cell surface HIF target, followed by culture in FBS enabled establishment of ccRCC cell cultures with an efficiency of >80 %. Culture in serum-free conditions selected for growth of normal renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Transcriptional profiling of ccRCC and matched normal cell cultures identified up- and down-regulated networks in ccRCC and comparison to The Cancer Genome Atlas confirmed the clinical validity of our cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS The ability to establish primary cultures of ccRCC cells and matched normal kidney epithelial cells from almost every patient provides a resource for future development of novel therapies and personalized medicine for ccRCC patients.
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Qiu Z, Zou K, Zhuang L, Qin J, Li H, Li C, Zhang Z, Chen X, Cen J, Meng Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Hui L. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines retain the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of primary human cancers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27411. [PMID: 27273737 PMCID: PMC4895220 DOI: 10.1038/srep27411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines are useful in vitro models for the study of primary HCCs. Because cell lines acquire additional mutations in culture, it is important to understand to what extent HCC cell lines retain the genetic landscapes of primary HCCs. Most HCC cell lines were established during the last century, precluding comparison between cell lines and primary cancers. In this study, 9 Chinese HCC cell lines with matched patient-derived cells at low passages (PDCs) were established in the defined culture condition. Whole genome analyses of 4 HCC cell lines showed that genomic mutation landscapes, including mutations, copy number alterations (CNAs) and HBV integrations, were highly stable during cell line establishment. Importantly, genetic alterations in cancer drivers and druggable genes were reserved in cell lines. HCC cell lines also retained gene expression patterns of primary HCCs during in vitro culture. Finally, sequential analysis of HCC cell lines and PDCs at different passages revealed their comparable and stable genomic and transcriptomic levels if maintained within proper passages. These results show that HCC cell lines largely retain the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of primary HCCs, thus laying the rationale for testing HCC cell lines as preclinical models in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Keke Zou
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhuang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjie Qin
- Liver Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Fifth Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobilliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Yixue Li
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
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64
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Khoo BL, Lee SC, Kumar P, Tan TZ, Warkiani ME, Ow SGW, Nandi S, Lim CT, Thiery JP. Short-term expansion of breast circulating cancer cells predicts response to anti-cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15578-93. [PMID: 26008969 PMCID: PMC4558172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered as surrogate markers for prognosticating and evaluating patient treatment responses. Here, 226 blood samples from 92 patients with breast cancer, including patients with newly diagnosed or metastatic refractory cancer, and 16 blood samples from healthy subjects were cultured in laser-ablated microwells. Clusters containing an increasing number of cytokeratin-positive (CK+) cells appeared after 2 weeks, while most blood cells disappeared with time. Cultures were heterogeneous and exhibited two distinct sub-populations of cells: 'Small' (≤ 25 μm; high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; CD45-) cells, comprising CTCs, and 'Large' (> 25 μm; low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; CD68+ or CD56+) cells, corresponding to macrophage and natural killer-like cells. The Small cell fraction also showed copy number increases in six target genes (FGFR1, Myc, CCND1, HER2, TOP2A and ZNF217) associated with breast cancer. These expanded CTCs exhibited different proportions of epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypes and were transferable for further expansion as spheroids in serum-free suspension or 3D cultures. Cluster formation was affected by the presence and duration of systemic therapy, and its persistence may reflect therapeutic resistance. This novel and advanced method estimates CTC clonal heterogeneity and can predict, within a relatively short time frame, patient responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Luan Khoo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore.,School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel G W Ow
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sayantani Nandi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore.,BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly lethal malignancy for which new treatment and diagnostic approaches are urgently needed. In order for such breakthroughs to be discovered, researchers require systems that accurately model the development and biology of PDA. While cell lines, genetically engineered murine models, and xenografts have all led to valuable clinical insights, organotypic culture models have emerged as tractable systems to recapitulate the complex three-dimensional organization of PDA. Recently, multiple methods for modeling PDA using organoids have been reported. This review aims to summarize these organoid methods in the context of other PDA models. While each model system has unique benefits and drawbacks, ultimately, organoids hold special promise for the development of personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Baker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hervé Tiriac
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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66
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Visan S, Balacescu O, Berindan-Neagoe I, Catoi C. In vitro comparative models for canine and human breast cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:38-49. [PMID: 27004024 PMCID: PMC4777467 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the past four decades, an increased number of similarities between canine mammary tumors and human breast cancer have been reported: molecular, histological, morphological, clinical and epidemiological, which lead to comparative oncological studies. One of the most important goals in human and veterinary oncology is to discover potential molecular biomarkers that could detect breast cancer in an early stage and to develop new effective therapies. Recently, cancer cell lines have successfully been used as an in vitro model to study the biology of cancer, to investigate molecular pathways and to test the efficiency of anticancer drugs. Moreover, establishment of an experimental animal model for the study of human breast cancer will improve testing potential anti-cancer therapies and the discovery of effective therapeutic schemes suitable for human clinical trials. In this review, we collected data from previous studies that strengthen the value of canine mammary cancer cell lines as an in vitro model for the study of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Visan
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Necropsy and Veterinary Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cornel Catoi
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Necropsy and Veterinary Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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67
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Zhang X, Fryknäs M, Hernlund E, Fayad W, De Milito A, Olofsson MH, Gogvadze V, Dang L, Påhlman S, Schughart LAK, Rickardson L, D'Arcy P, Gullbo J, Nygren P, Larsson R, Linder S. Induction of mitochondrial dysfunction as a strategy for targeting tumour cells in metabolically compromised microenvironments. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3295. [PMID: 24548894 PMCID: PMC3929804 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal vascularization of solid tumours results in the development of microenvironments deprived of oxygen and nutrients that harbour slowly growing and metabolically stressed cells. Such cells display enhanced resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents and repopulate tumours after therapy. Here we identify the small molecule VLX600 as a drug that is preferentially active against quiescent cells in colon cancer 3-D microtissues. The anticancer activity is associated with reduced mitochondrial respiration, leading to bioenergetic catastrophe and tumour cell death. VLX600 shows enhanced cytotoxic activity under conditions of nutrient starvation. Importantly, VLX600 displays tumour growth inhibition in vivo. Our findings suggest that tumour cells in metabolically compromised microenvironments have a limited ability to respond to decreased mitochondrial function, and suggest a strategy for targeting the quiescent populations of tumour cells for improved cancer treatment. Quiescent sub-populations of cells in tumours are resistant to traditional chemotherapeutics and are responsible for tumour recurrence. Here, Zhang et al. identify a compound that kills quiescent tumour cells in solid tumour tissue by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- 1] Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden [2]
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- 1] Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden [2]
| | - Emma Hernlund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
| | - Walid Fayad
- 1] Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden [2]
| | - Angelo De Milito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
| | - Maria Hägg Olofsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Long Dang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Molecular Pathology, CREATE Health, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, S-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leoni A Kunz Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Linda Rickardson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
| | - Joachim Gullbo
- 1] Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden [2] Division of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden
| | - Peter Nygren
- Division of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- 1] Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden [2] Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden
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68
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Rambow F, Job B, Petit V, Gesbert F, Delmas V, Seberg H, Meurice G, Van Otterloo E, Dessen P, Robert C, Gautheret D, Cornell RA, Sarasin A, Larue L. New Functional Signatures for Understanding Melanoma Biology from Tumor Cell Lineage-Specific Analysis. Cell Rep 2015; 13:840-853. [PMID: 26489459 PMCID: PMC5970542 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular signatures specific to particular tumor types are required to design treatments for resistant tumors. However, it remains unclear whether tumors and corresponding cell lines used for drug development share such signatures. We developed similarity core analysis (SCA), a universal and unsupervised computational framework for extracting core molecular features common to tumors and cell lines. We applied SCA to mRNA/miRNA expression data from various sources, comparing melanoma cell lines and metastases. The signature obtained was associated with phenotypic characteristics in vitro, and the core genes CAPN3 and TRIM63 were implicated in melanoma cell migration/invasion. About 90% of the melanoma signature genes belong to an intrinsic network of transcription factors governing neural development (TFAP2A, DLX2, ALX1, MITF, PAX3, SOX10, LEF1, and GAS7) and miRNAs (211-5p, 221-3p, and 10a-5p). The SCA signature effectively discriminated between two subpopulations of melanoma patients differing in overall survival, and classified MEKi/BRAFi-resistant and -sensitive melanoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rambow
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bastien Job
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Franck Gesbert
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Véronique Delmas
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hannah Seberg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Daniel Gautheret
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy and University Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France.
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69
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Ayyoob K, Masoud K, Vahideh K, Jahanbakhsh A. Authentication of newly established human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line (YM-1) using short tandem repeat (STR) profiling method. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3197-204. [PMID: 26432330 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-contamination during or early after establishment of a new cell line could result in the worldwide spread of a misidentified cell line. Therefore, newly established cell lines need to be authenticated by a reference standard method. This study was conducted to investigate the authenticity of a newly established epithelial cell line of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) called YM-1 using short tandem repeat (STR) DNA profiling method. Primary human ESCC epithelial cells were cultured from the fresh tumor tissue of an adult female patient. Growth characteristics and epithelial originality of YM-1 cells were studied. Genomic DNA was isolated from YM-1 cells harvested at passage 22 and ESCC donor tumor sample on two different days to prevent probable DNA contamination. STR profiling was performed using AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit. To address whether YM-1 cells undergo genetic alteration as the passage number increases, STR profiling was performed again on harvested cells at passage 51. YM-1 cells grew as a monolayer with a population doubling time of 40.66 h. Epithelial originality of YM-1 cells was confirmed using ICC/IF staining of cytokeratins AE1/AE3. The STR profile of the ESCC donor tumor sample was the same with YM-1 cells at passage 22. However, STR profile of the donor tumor sample showed an off-ladder (OL) allele in their D7S820 locus. Also, re-profiling of YM-1 cells at passage 51 showed a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at D18S51 locus. This suggests that long-term culture of cell lines may alter their DNA profile. Comparison of the DNA fingerprinting results in DSMZ, and ATCC STR profiling databases confirmed unique identity of YM-1 cell line. This study provides an easy, fast, and reliable procedure for authentication of newly established cell lines, which helps in preventing the spread of misidentified cells and improving the reproducibility and validity of experiments, consequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosravi Ayyoob
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Khoshnia Masoud
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology-GRCGH, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kazeminejad Vahideh
- Department of Pathology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Asadi Jahanbakhsh
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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70
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Awan FM, Naz A, Obaid A, Ali A, Ahmad J, Anjum S, Janjua HA. Identification of Circulating Biomarker Candidates for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): An Integrated Prioritization Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138913. [PMID: 26414287 PMCID: PMC4586137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world’s third most widespread cancer. Currently available circulating biomarkers for this silently progressing malignancy are not sufficiently specific and sensitive to meet all clinical needs. There is an imminent and pressing need for the identification of novel circulating biomarkers to increase disease-free survival rate. In order to facilitate the selection of the most promising circulating protein biomarkers, we attempted to define an objective method likely to have a significant impact on the analysis of vast data generated from cutting-edge technologies. Current study exploits data available in seven publicly accessible gene and protein databases, unveiling 731 liver-specific proteins through initial enrichment analysis. Verification of expression profiles followed by integration of proteomic datasets, enriched for the cancer secretome, filtered out 20 proteins including 6 previously characterized circulating HCC biomarkers. Finally, interactome analysis of these proteins with midkine (MDK), dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), current standard HCC biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), its interacting partners in conjunction with HCC-specific circulating and liver deregulated miRNAs target filtration highlighted seven novel statistically significant putative biomarkers including complement component 8, alpha (C8A), mannose binding lectin (MBL2), antithrombin III (SERPINC1), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1), alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (ADH6), beta-ureidopropionase (UPB1) and cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 6 (CYP2A6). Our proposed methodology provides a swift assortment process for biomarker prioritization that eventually reduces the economic burden of experimental evaluation. Further dedicated validation studies of potential putative biomarkers on HCC patient blood samples are warranted. We hope that the use of such integrative secretome, interactome and miRNAs target filtration approach will accelerate the selection of high-priority biomarkers for other diseases as well, that are more amenable to downstream clinical validation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Naz
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Obaid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (HAJ); (SA)
| | - Hussnain Ahmed Janjua
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (HAJ); (SA)
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71
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Vincent KM, Findlay SD, Postovit LM. Assessing breast cancer cell lines as tumour models by comparison of mRNA expression profiles. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:114. [PMID: 26289960 PMCID: PMC4545915 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer researchers use cell lines to model myriad phenomena ranging from DNA repair to cancer stem cell phenotypes. Though appropriate, and even requisite, for many studies, the suitability of cell lines as tumour models has come into question owing to possibilities of tissue culture artefacts and clonal selection. These issues are compounded by the inability of cancer cells grown in isolation to fully model the in situ tumour environment, which also contains a plethora of non-tumour cell types. It is thus important to understand similarities and differences between cancer cell lines and the tumours that they represent so that the optimal tumour models can be chosen to answer specific research questions. METHODS In the present study, we compared the RNA-sequencing transcriptomes of a collection of breast cancer cell lines to transcriptomes obtained from hundreds of tumours using The Cancer Genome Atlas. Tumour purity was accounted for by analysis of stromal and immune scores using the ESTIMATE algorithm so that differences likely resulting from non-tumour cells could be accounted for. RESULTS We found the transcriptional characteristics of breast cancer cell lines to mirror those of the tumours. We identified basal and luminal cell lines that are most transcriptionally similar to their respective breast tumours. Our comparison of expression profiles revealed pronounced differences between breast cancer cell lines and tumours, which could largely be attributed to the absence of stromal and immune components in cell culture. A focus on the Wnt pathway revealed the transcriptional downregulation or absence of several secreted Wnt antagonists in culture. Gene set enrichment analysis suggests that cancer cell lines have enhanced proliferation and glycolysis independent of stromal and immune contributions compared with breast cancer cells in situ. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that many of the differences between breast cancer cell lines and tumours are due to the absence of stromal and immune components in vitro. Hence, extra precautions should be taken when modelling extracellular proteins in vitro. The specific differences discovered emphasize the importance of choosing an appropriate model for each research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Marie Vincent
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Scott D Findlay
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Lynne Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Dodbiba L, Teichman J, Fleet A, Thai H, Starmans MHW, Navab R, Chen Z, Girgis H, Eng L, Espin-Garcia O, Shen X, Bandarchi B, Schwock J, Tsao MS, El-Zimaity H, Der SD, Xu W, Bristow RG, Darling GE, Boutros PC, Ailles LE, Liu G. Appropriateness of using patient-derived xenograft models for pharmacologic evaluation of novel therapies for esophageal/gastro-esophageal junction cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121872. [PMID: 25826681 PMCID: PMC4380353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality of patients with esophageal (E) and gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) cancers, warrants new pre-clinical models for drug testing. The utility of primary tumor xenografts (PTXGs) as pre-clinical models was assessed. Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical markers (p53, p16, Ki-67, Her-2/neu and EGFR), and global mRNA abundance profiles were evaluated to determine selection biases of samples implanted or engrafted, compared with the underlying population. Nine primary E/GEJ adenocarcinoma xenograft lines were further characterized for the spectrum and stability of gene/protein expression over passages. Seven primary esophageal adenocarcinoma xenograft lines were treated with individual or combination chemotherapy. Tumors that were implanted (n=55) in NOD/SCID mice had features suggestive of more aggressive biology than tumors that were never implanted (n=32). Of those implanted, 21/55 engrafted; engraftment was associated with poorly differentiated tumors (p=0.04) and older patients (p=0.01). Expression of immunohistochemical markers were similar between patient sample and corresponding xenograft. mRNA differences observed between patient tumors and first passage xenografts were largely due to loss of human stroma in xenografts. mRNA patterns of early vs late passage xenografts and of small vs large tumors of the same passage were similar. Complete resistance was present in 2/7 xenografts while the remaining tumors showed varying degrees of sensitivity, that remained constant across passages. Because of their ability to recapitulate primary tumor characteristics during engraftment and across serial passaging, PTXGs can be useful clinical systems for assessment of drug sensitivity of human E/GEJ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Dodbiba
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Teichman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Henry Thai
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maud H. W. Starmans
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roya Navab
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hala Girgis
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawson Eng
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Shen
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Joerg Schwock
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hala El-Zimaity
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert G. Bristow
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gail E. Darling
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie E. Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
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73
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Lizcano LJ, Siles M, Trepiana J, Hernández ML, Navarro R, Ruiz-Larrea MB, Ruiz-Sanz JI. Piper and Vismia species from Colombian Amazonia differentially affect cell proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells. Nutrients 2014; 7:179-95. [PMID: 25558904 PMCID: PMC4303832 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest to identify plant-derived natural products with antitumor activities. In this work, we have studied the effects of aqueous leaf extracts from Amazonian Vismia and Piper species on human hepatocarcinoma cell toxicity. Results showed that, depending on the cell type, the plants displayed differential effects; thus, Vismia baccifera induced the selective killing of HepG2, while increasing cell growth of PLC-PRF and SK-HEP-1. In contrast, these two last cell lines were sensitive to the toxicity by Piper krukoffii and Piper putumayoense, while the Piperaceae did not affect HepG2 growth. All the extracts induced cytotoxicity to rat hepatoma McA-RH7777, but were innocuous (V. baccifera at concentrations < 75 µg/mL) or even protected cells from basal death (P. putumayoense) in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. In every case, cytotoxicity was accompanied by an intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results provide evidence for the anticancer activities of the studied plants on specific cell lines and suggest that cell killing could be mediated by ROS, thus involving mechanisms independent of the plants free radical scavenging activities. Results also support the use of these extracts of the Vismia and Piper genera with opposite effects as a model system to study the mechanisms of the antitumoral activity against different types of hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro J Lizcano
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain.
| | - Maite Siles
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain.
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain.
| | - M Luisa Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain.
| | - Rosaura Navarro
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain.
| | - M Begoña Ruiz-Larrea
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Ruiz-Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain.
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Azrad M, Vollmer RT, Madden J, Polascik TJ, Snyder DC, Ruffin MT, Moul JW, Brenner D, He X, Demark-Wahnefried W. Disparate results between proliferation rates of surgically excised prostate tumors and an in vitro bioassay using sera from a positive randomized controlled trial. Biotech Histochem 2014; 90:184-9. [PMID: 25434394 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.976840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro bioassay has been used extensively to test the effects of culturing cancer cells in sera from humans participating in dietary interventions, i.e, studies of modified intake of nutrients for the purpose of reducing cancer risk or progression. It has been hypothesized that cell proliferation rates determined by the in vitro bioassay indicate whether modification of dietary intake could decrease cancer cell growth in vivo. It has been suggested, however, that the in vitro bioassay may not correlate with tumor cell proliferation rates in prostate cancer. We investigated the concordance of cell proliferation rates from surgically excised prostate tumor tissue with the in vitro bioassay using sera from matched patients. We used samples from an earlier randomized clinical trial that showed that supplementation with flaxseed significantly inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation rates in vivo as indicated by Ki67 staining in tumor specimens. Proliferation rates of LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 cell lines cultured in 10% human sera from participants in the flaxseed trial were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Spearman's Rho correlation coefficients (ρ) indicated no association between Ki67 staining in prostate tumors and the in vitro bioassay for the three cell lines. These disparate findings suggest that the in vitro bioassay may not provide an accurate assessment of the environment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azrad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Nutrition Sciences , Birmingham, Alabama
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75
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Floor SL, Hebrant A, Pita JM, Saiselet M, Trésallet C, Libert F, Andry G, Dumont JE, van Staveren WC, Maenhaut C. MiRNA expression may account for chronic but not for acute regulation of mRNA expression in human thyroid tumor models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111581. [PMID: 25375362 PMCID: PMC4222942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For thyroid tumorigenesis, two main human in vitro models are available: primary cultures of human thyrocytes treated with TSH or EGF/serum as models for autonomous adenomas (AA) or papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) respectively, and human thyroid tumor derived cell lines. Previous works of our group have assessed properties of those models, with a special emphasis on mRNA regulations. It is often assumed that miRNA may be one of the primary events inducing these mRNA regulations. Methods The purpose of this study was to investigate the representativity of those models to study microRNA regulations and their relation with mRNA expression. To achieve this aim, the miRNA expressions profiles of primary cultures treated with TSH or EGF/serum and of 6 thyroid cancer cell lines were compared to the expression profiles of 35 tumor tissues obtained by microarrays. Results Our data on primary cultures have shown that the TSH or EGF/serum treatment did not greatly modify the microRNA expression profiles, which is contrary to what is observed for mRNA expression profiles, although they still evolved differently according to the treatment. The analysis of miRNA and mRNA expressions profiles in the cell lines has shown that they have evolved into a common, dedifferentiated phenotype, closer to ATC than to the tumors they are derived from. Conclusions Long-terms TSH or EGF/serum treatments do not mimic AA or PTC respectively in terms of miRNA expression as they do for mRNA, suggesting that the regulations of mRNA expression induced by these physiological agents occur independently of miRNA. The general patterns of miRNA expression in the cell lines suggest that they represent a useful model for undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Mirna probably do not mediate the rapid changes in gene expression in rapid cell biology regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Thyroid Gland/drug effects
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyrotropin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien L. Floor
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aline Hebrant
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaime M. Pita
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuel Saiselet
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Frederick Libert
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Andry
- Institut J. Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques E. Dumont
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wilma C. van Staveren
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Welbio, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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76
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Cheung PFY, Yip CW, Ng LWC, Lo KW, Wong N, Choy KW, Chow C, Chan KF, Cheung TT, Poon RTP, Fan ST, Cheung ST. Establishment and characterization of a novel primary hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with metastatic ability in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:103. [PMID: 25349534 PMCID: PMC4209051 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous disease. HCC cell lines established from different patients would be useful in elucidating the molecular pathogenesis. However, success of HCC primary culture establishment remains at low rate. We aim to establish and characterize HCC primary culture and the derived cell line. Methods Fresh tumor tissues were collected from 30 HCC patients. Culture conditions were optimized for the attachment and growth of the isolated hepatocytes. Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP), a growth factor reported to associate with cancer stem cell properties, was examined by flow cytometry to elucidate its role on primary culture establishment. The primary cell line was characterized in detail. Results Cells isolated from 16 out of 30 HCC cases (53%) had viability more than 70% and were subject to subsequent in vitro culture. 7 out of 16 cases (44%) could give rise to cells that were able to attach and grow in culture. GEP expression levels significantly correlated with the viability of isolated hepatocytes and success rate of subsequent primary culture establishment. Cells from HCC patient 21 grew and expanded rapidly in vitro and was selected to be further characterized. The line, designated HCC21, derived from a Hong Kong Chinese female patient with HCC at Stage II. The cells exhibited typical epithelial morphology and expressed albumin, AFP and HBV antigens. The cell line was authenticated by short tandem repeat analysis. Comparative genome hybridization analysis revealed chromosomal loss at 1p35-p36, 1q44, 2q11.2-q24.3, 2q37, 4q12-q13.3, 4q21.21-q35.2, 8p12-p23, 15q11.2-q14, 15q24-q26, 16p12.1-p13.3, 16q, 17p, 22q and gain at 1q21-q43 in both HCC21 cells and the original clinical tumor specimen. Sequence analysis revealed p53 gene mutation. Subcutaneous injection of HCC21 cells into immunodeficient mice showed that the cells were able to form tumors at the primary injection sites and metastatic tumors in the peritoneal cavity. Conclusions The newly established cell line could serve as useful in vitro and in vivo models for studying primary HCC that possess metastasis ability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-014-0103-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Fung-Yi Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Yip
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linda Wing-Chi Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Fat Chan
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheung Tat Fan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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77
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Hsiao YL, Hsieh TZ, Liou CJ, Cheng YH, Lin CT, Chang CY, Lai YS. Characterization of protein marker expression, tumorigenicity, and doxorubicin chemoresistance in two new canine mammary tumor cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:229. [PMID: 25267010 PMCID: PMC4189743 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common type of cancer found in female dogs. Establishment and evaluation of tumor cell lines can facilitate investigations of the biological mechanisms of cancer. Different cell models are used to investigate genetic, epigenetic, and cellular pathways, cancer progression, and cancer therapeutics. Establishment of new cell models will greatly facilitate research in this field. In the present study, we established and characterized two new CMT cell lines derived from a single CMT. Results We established two cell lines from a single malignant CMT specimen: DTK-E and DTK-SME. Morphologically, the DTK-E cells were large, flat, and epithelial-like, whereas DTK-SME cells were round and epithelial-like. Doubling times were 24 h for DTK-E and 18 h for DTK-SME. On western blots, both cell lines expressed cytokeratin AE1, vimentin, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Moreover, investigation of chemoresistance revealed that DTK-SME was more resistant to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis than DTK-E was. After xenotransplantation, both DTK-E and DTK-SME tumors appeared within 14 days, but the average size of DTK-SME tumors was greater than that of DTK-E tumors after 56 days. Conclusion We established two new cell lines from a single CMT, which exhibit significant diversity in cell morphology, protein marker expression, tumorigenicity, and chemoresistance. The results of this study revealed that the DTK-SME cell line was more resistant to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and exhibited higher tumorigenicity in vivo than the DTK-E cell line. We anticipate that the two novel CMT cell lines established in this study will be useful for investigating the tumorigenesis of mammary carcinomas and for screening anticancer drugs.
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78
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Witusik-Perkowska M, Zakrzewska M, Szybka M, Papierz W, Jaskolski DJ, Liberski PP, Sikorska B. Astrocytoma-associated antigens - IL13Rα2, Fra-1, and EphA2 as potential markers to monitor the status of tumour-derived cell cultures in vitro. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:82. [PMID: 25788865 PMCID: PMC4364051 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular heterogeneity of high-grade astrocytomas underlies the difficulties in the development of representative and valuable in vitro experimental models for their studies. The purpose of our study was to estimate the value of astrocytoma-associated antigens (AAAs) - IL13Rα2, Fra-1, EphA2 - and the most common molecular aberrations typical for astrocytomas as potential markers to screen the status of tumour-derived cell cultures in vitro. Methods The tumour-derived cell cultures were established from high-grade astrocytomas. The expression analyses of the tested genes were performed via semi-quantitative real-time PCR and subsequently verified by immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical technique. The analyses of molecular aberrations at DNA level included gene dosage status evaluation based on real-time PCR, sequencing analysis, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) assay. Results The expression analyses based on semi-quantitative real-time PCR showed that in the final stage of culture the expression level of all tested AAAs was significantly higher or at least comparable to that of primary tumours; however, two expression patterns were observed during cell culture establishment. Analysis at the single cell level via immunocytochemistry also demonstrated an increase of the level of tested proteins and/or selection of tumour cell populations strongly positive for AAAs vs. other cell types including admixed non-tumoural cells. Confrontation of AAA expression data with the results of molecular analyses at DNA level seems to support the latter, revealing that the expression pattern of astrocytoma-associated antigens in tumour-derived cells in subsequent stages of culture is convergent with changes in the molecular profile of examined cell populations. Conclusions The consistency of the obtained results seems to support the use of the selected AAAs, in particular IL13Rα2 and Fra-1, as tools facilitating the establishment of tumour-derived cultures. However, the intratumoural heterogeneity of high-grade astrocytomas may require further detailed characterisation of the molecular profile of a tumour in order to evaluate the value of the experimental model in relation to the individual context of particular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Witusik-Perkowska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 str, Lodz, 92-216, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 str, Lodz, 92-216, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Szybka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 str, Lodz, 92-216, Poland
| | - Wielislaw Papierz
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 str, Lodz, 92-216, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Jaskolski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22 str, Lodz, 90-153, Poland
| | - Pawel P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 str, Lodz, 92-216, Poland
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 str, Lodz, 92-216, Poland
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Iacopino F, Angelucci C, Piacentini R, Biamonte F, Mangiola A, Maira G, Grassi C, Sica G. Isolation of cancer stem cells from three human glioblastoma cell lines: characterization of two selected clones. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105166. [PMID: 25121761 PMCID: PMC4133365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) were isolated via a non-adherent neurosphere assay from three glioma cell lines: LI, U87, and U373. Using a clonal assay, two clones (D2 and F11) were selected from spheres derived from LI cells and were characterized for the: expression of stem cell markers (CD133, Nestin, Musashi-1 and Sox2); proliferation; differentiation capability (determined by the expression of GalC, βIII-Tubulin and GFAP); Ca2+ signaling and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Both D2 and F11 clones expressed higher levels of all stem cell markers with respect to the parental cell line. Clones grew more slowly than LI cells with a two-fold increase in duplication time. Markers of differentiation (βIII-Tubulin and GFAP) were expressed at high levels in both LI cells and in neurospheres. The expression of Nestin, Sox2, and βIII-Tubulin was down-regulated in D2 and F11 when cultured in serum-containing medium, whereas Musashi-1 was increased. In this condition, duplication time of D2 and F11 increased without reaching that of LI cells. D2, F11 and parental cells did not express voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels but they exhibited increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in response to ATP. These Ca2+ signals were larger in LI cells and in spheres cultured in serum-containing medium, while they were smaller in serum-free medium. The ATP treatment did not affect cell proliferation. Both D2 and F11 induced the appearance of tumors when ortotopically injected in athymic nude mice at a density 50-fold lower than that of LI cells. All these data indicate that both clones have characteristics of CSC and share the same stemness properties. The findings regarding the expression of differentiation markers and Ca2+-channels show that both clones are unable to reach the terminal differentiation. Both D2 and F11 might represent a good model to improve the knowledge on CSC in glioblastoma and to identify new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunata Iacopino
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristiana Angelucci
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Maira
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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80
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Tam S, de Borja R, Tsao MS, McPherson JD. Robust global microRNA expression profiling using next-generation sequencing technologies. J Transl Med 2014; 94:350-8. [PMID: 24445778 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are a class of regulatory molecules involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including growth, development and apoptosis. Given their widespread roles in biological processes, understanding their patterns of expression in normal and diseased states will provide insights into the consequences of aberrant expression. As such, global miRNA expression profiling of human malignancies is gaining popularity in both basic and clinically driven research. However, to date, the majority of such analyses have used microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR. With the introduction of digital count technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the NanoString nCounter System, we have at our disposal many more options. To make effective use of these different platforms, the strengths and pitfalls of several miRNA profiling technologies were assessed, including a microarray platform, NGS technologies and the NanoString nCounter System. Overall, NGS had the greatest detection sensitivity, largest dynamic range of detection and highest accuracy in differential expression analysis when compared with gold-standard quantitative real-time PCR. Its technical reproducibility was high, with intrasample correlations of at least 0.95 in all cases. Furthermore, miRNA analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue was also evaluated. Expression profiles between paired frozen and FFPE samples were similar, with Spearman's ρ>0.93. These results show the superior sensitivity, accuracy and robustness of NGS for the comprehensive profiling of miRNAs in both frozen and FFPE tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Tam
- 1] Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Networks, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Genome Technologies, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard de Borja
- Informatics and Bio-Computing, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- 1] Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Networks, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John D McPherson
- 1] Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Genome Technologies, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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81
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Ansil PN, Wills PJ, Varun R, Latha MS. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Bl. tuber extracts against human colon carcinoma cell line HCT-15. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:524-31. [PMID: 25473360 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide and is the third most common form of malignancy in both men and women. Several possible colon cancer chemopreventive agents are found in edible plants. Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume (family: Araceae) is a tuber crop, largely cultivated throughout the plains of India for using its corm as food. This tuber has also been traditionally used for the treatment of abdominal tumors, liver diseases, piles etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing effects of the sub fractions of A. campanulatus tuber methanolic extract (ACME) viz. petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and methanolic fraction (MEF) on the colon cancer cell line, HCT-15. Antiproliferative effects of the sub fractions of ACME were studied by MTT assay. Apoptotic activity was assessed by DAPI, Annexin V-FITC and JC-1 fluorescent staining. The chemotherapeutic drug, 5-flurouracil (5-FU) was used as positive drug control. The sub fractions of ACME significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT-15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the extracts were found to induce apoptosis and were confirmed by DAPI, Annexin V-FITC and JC-1 fluorescent staining. A pronounced results of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities were observed in the cells treated with 5-FU and CHF, whereas, EAF and MEF treated cells exhibited a moderate result and the least effect was observed in PEF treated cells. Our results suggested that, among the sub fractions of ACME, CHF had potent cytotoxic and apoptotic activity and thus it could be explored as a novel target for anticancer drug development. Furthermore, these findings confirm that the sub fractions of ACME dose-dependently suppress the proliferation of HCT-15 cells by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Ansil
- Biochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - P J Wills
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007, India
| | - R Varun
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007, India
| | - M S Latha
- Biochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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82
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El-Khoury V, Pierson S, Szwarcbart E, Brons NHC, Roland O, Cherrier-De Wilde S, Plawny L, Van Dyck E, Berchem G. Disruption of autophagy by the histone deacetylase inhibitor MGCD0103 and its therapeutic implication in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:1636-46. [PMID: 24418989 PMCID: PMC4131250 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evading apoptosis is a hallmark of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and an obstacle to current chemotherapeutic approaches. Inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) has emerged as a promising strategy to induce cell death in malignant cells. We have previously reported that the HDAC inhibitor MGCD0103 induces CLL cell death by activating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Here, we show that MGCD0103 decreases the autophagic flux in primary CLL cells. Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, together with the activation of caspases, and to a minor extent CAPN1, resulting in cleavage of autophagy components, were involved in MGCD0103-mediated inhibition of autophagy. In addition, MGCD0103 directly modulated the expression of critical autophagy genes at the transcriptional level that may contribute to autophagy impairment. Besides, we demonstrate that autophagy is a pro-survival mechanism in CLL whose disruption potentiates cell death induced by anticancer molecules including HDAC and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. In particular, our data highlight the therapeutic potential of MGCD0103 as not only an inducer of apoptosis but also an autophagy suppressor in both combination regimens with molecules like flavopiridol, known to induce protective autophagy in CLL cells, or as an alternative to circumvent undesired immunomodulatory effects seen in the clinic with conventional autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V El-Khoury
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - S Pierson
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - E Szwarcbart
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - N H C Brons
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - O Roland
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - L Plawny
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - E Van Dyck
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - G Berchem
- 1] Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg [2] Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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83
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84
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Shimamura M, Nagayama Y, Matsuse M, Yamashita S, Mitsutake N. Analysis of multiple markers for cancer stem-like cells in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Endocr J 2014; 61:481-90. [PMID: 24531915 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. CSCs have been isolated using several markers, but those for thyroid CSCs remain to be confirmed. We therefore conducted a comprehensive search for thyroid CSC markers. Expression of nine cell surface markers (CD13, CD15, CD24, CD44, CD90, CD117, CD133, CD166, and CD326) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, which are CSC markers in various solid cancers, and the ability to form spheres in vitro and tumors in vivo were investigated using eight thyroid cancer cell lines (FRO, KTC1/2/3, TPC1, WRO, ACT1, and 8505C). Among these, four cell lines (FRO, KTC3, ACT1, and 8505C) possessed the both abilities; however, common markers indicative of CSCs were not observed. The pattern of ability to form spheres was completely matched to that of tumor formation, suggesting that our sphere assay is valuable for assessment of tumor-forming ability. Next, the cells were sorted using these markers and subjected to the sphere assay. In three cell lines (FRO, KTC3, and ACT1), ALDH(pos) cells showed higher sphere forming ability than ALDH(neg) cells but not in other cells. CD326(hi) also appeared to be a candidate marker only in FRO cells. However, these subpopulations did not follow a classical hierarchical model because ALDH(neg) and CD326(low) fractions also generated ALDH(pos) and CD326(hi) cells, respectively. These data suggest that ALDH activity is probably a major candidate marker to enrich thyroid CSCs but not universal; other markers such as CD326 that regulate different CSC properties may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Shimamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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85
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Nygren P, Fryknäs M, Agerup B, Larsson R. Repositioning of the anthelmintic drug mebendazole for the treatment for colon cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:2133-40. [PMID: 24135855 PMCID: PMC3825534 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
In the present study, we screened a compound library containing 1,600 clinically used compounds with the aim to identify compounds, which potentially could be repositioned for colon cancer therapy. Methods Two established colon cancer cell lines were tested using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA). For compound comparison connectivity map (CMAP) analysis, NCI 60 data mining and protein kinase binding measurements were performed. Results Sixty-eight compounds were defined as hits with activity in both of these cell lines (<40 % cell survival compared with control) at 10 μM drug concentration. Analysis of chemical similarity of the hit compounds revealed several distinct clusters, among them the antiparasitic benzimidazole group. Two of these compounds, mebendazole (MBZ) and albendazole (ABZ) are registered for human use. Data from the NCI 60 cell line panel revealed only modest correlation between MBZ and ABZ, indicating differences in mechanism of action. This was further supported when gene expression signatures were compared in the CMAP database; ABZ ranked very low when MBZ was used as the query signature. Furthermore, MBZ, but not ABZ, was found to significantly interact with several protein kinases including BCR–ABL and BRAF. Analysis of the diagnosis-specific activity of MBZ showed activity in 80 % of the colon cancer cell lines in the NCI 60 panel. Three additional colon cancer cell lines and three cell models with non-malignant phenotypes were subsequently tested, confirming selective colon cancer activity of MBZ. Conclusion MBZ seemingly has repositioning potential for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nygren
- Section of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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86
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Epigenetic and genetic features of 24 colon cancer cell lines. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e71. [PMID: 24042735 PMCID: PMC3816225 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are invaluable biomedical research tools, and recent literature has emphasized the importance of genotype authentication and characterization. In the present study, 24 out of 27 cell line identities were confirmed by short tandem repeat profiling. The molecular phenotypes of the 24 colon cancer cell lines were examined, and microsatellite instability (MSI) and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) were determined, using the Bethesda panel mononucleotide repeat loci and two epimarker panels, respectively. Furthermore, the BRAF, KRAS and PIK3CA oncogenes were analyzed for mutations in known hotspots, while the entire coding sequences of the PTEN and TP53 tumor suppressors were investigated. Nine cell lines showed MSI. Thirteen and nine cell lines were found to be CIMP positive, using the Issa panel and the Weisenberger et al. panel, respectively. The latter was found to be superior for CIMP classification of colon cancer cell lines. Seventeen cell lines harbored disrupting TP53 mutations. Altogether, 20/24 cell lines had the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activating mutually exclusive KRAS or BRAF mutations. PIK3CA and PTEN mutations leading to hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway were observed in 13/24 cell lines. Interestingly, in four cell lines there were no mutations in neither BRAF, KRAS, PIK3CA nor in PTEN. In conclusion, this study presents molecular features of a large number of colon cancer cell lines to aid the selection of suitable in vitro models for descriptive and functional research.
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87
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Chamrád I, Rix U, Stukalov A, Gridling M, Parapatics K, Müller AC, Altiok S, Colinge J, Superti-Furga G, Haura EB, Bennett KL. A miniaturized chemical proteomic approach for target profiling of clinical kinase inhibitors in tumor biopsies. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4005-17. [PMID: 23901793 DOI: 10.1021/pr400309p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While targeted therapy based on the idea of attenuating the activity of a preselected, therapeutically relevant protein has become one of the major trends in modern cancer therapy, no truly specific targeted drug has been developed and most clinical agents have displayed a degree of polypharmacology. Therefore, the specificity of anticancer therapeutics has emerged as a highly important but severely underestimated issue. Chemical proteomics is a powerful technique combining postgenomic drug-affinity chromatography with high-end mass spectrometry analysis and bioinformatic data processing to assemble a target profile of a desired therapeutic molecule. Due to high demands on the starting material, however, chemical proteomic studies have been mostly limited to cancer cell lines. Herein, we report a down-scaling of the technique to enable the analysis of very low abundance samples, as those obtained from needle biopsies. By a systematic investigation of several important parameters in pull-downs with the multikinase inhibitor bosutinib, the standard experimental protocol was optimized to 100 μg protein input. At this level, more than 30 well-known targets were detected per single pull-down replicate with high reproducibility. Moreover, as presented by the comprehensive target profile obtained from miniaturized pull-downs with another clinical drug, dasatinib, the optimized protocol seems to be extendable to other drugs of interest. Sixty distinct human and murine targets were finally identified for bosutinib and dasatinib in chemical proteomic experiments utilizing core needle biopsy samples from xenotransplants derived from patient tumor tissue. Altogether, the developed methodology proves robust and generic and holds many promises for the field of personalized health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Chamrád
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Technological Centre of the Palacký University, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori and approximately 20% of infected individuals develop overt clinical disease such as ulcers and stomach cancer. Paradoxically, despite its classification as a class I carcinogen, H. pylori has been shown to be protective against development of asthma, allergy, and esophageal disease. Given these conflicting roles for H. pylori, researchers are attempting to define the environmental, host, and pathogen interactions that ultimately result in severe disease in some individuals. From the bacterial perspective, the toxins, CagA and VacA, have each been shown to be polymorphic and to contribute to disease in an allele-dependent manner. Based on the notable advances that have recently been made in the CagA field, herein we review recent studies that have begun to shed light on the role of CagA polymorphism in H. pylori disease. Moreover, we discuss the potential interaction of CagA and VacA as a mediator of gastric disease.
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89
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Dom G, Galdo VC, Tarabichi M, Tomás G, Hébrant A, Andry G, De Martelar V, Libert F, Leteurtre E, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C, van Staveren WCG. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine has minor effects on differentiation in human thyroid cancer cell lines, but modulates genes that are involved in adaptation in vitro. Thyroid 2013; 23:317-28. [PMID: 23167291 PMCID: PMC3593687 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In thyroid cancer, the lack of response to specific treatment, for example, radioactive iodine, can be caused by a loss of differentiation characteristics of tumor cells. It is hypothesized that this loss is due to epigenetic modifications. Therefore, drugs releasing epigenetic repression have been proposed to reverse this silencing. METHODS We investigated which genes were reinduced in dedifferentiated human thyroid cancer cell lines when treated with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzadC) and the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. These results were compared to the expression patterns in in vitro human differentiated thyrocytes and in in vivo dedifferentiated thyroid cancers. In addition, the effects of 5-AzadC on DNA quantities and cell viability were investigated. RESULTS Among the canonical thyroid differentiation markers, most were not, or only to a minor extent, re-expressed by 5-AzadC, whether or not combined with TSA or forskolin, an inducer of differentiation in normal thyrocytes. Furthermore, 5-AzadC-modulated overall mRNA expression profiles showed only few commonly regulated genes compared to differentiated cultured primary thyrocytes. In addition, most of the commonly strongly 5-AzadC-induced genes in cell lines were either not regulated or upregulated in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Further analysis of which genes were induced by 5-AzadC showed that they were involved in pathways such as apoptosis, antigen presentation, defense response, and cell migration. A number of these genes had similar expression responses in 5-AzadC-treated nonthyroid cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 5-AzadC is not a strong inducer of differentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines. Under the studied conditions and with the model used, 5-AzadC treatment does not appear to be a potential redifferentiation treatment for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. However, this may reflect primarily the inadequacy of the model rather than that of the treatment. Moreover, the observation that 5-AzadC negatively affected cell viability in cell lines could still suggest a therapeutic opportunity. Some of the genes that were modulated by 5-AzadC were also induced in nonthyroid cancer cell lines, which might be explained by an epigenetic modification resulting in the adaptation of the cell lines to their culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Dom
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Coletta A, Molter C, Duqué R, Steenhoff D, Taminau J, de Schaetzen V, Meganck S, Lazar C, Venet D, Detours V, Nowé A, Bersini H, Weiss Solís DY. InSilico DB genomic datasets hub: an efficient starting point for analyzing genome-wide studies in GenePattern, Integrative Genomics Viewer, and R/Bioconductor. Genome Biol 2012; 13:R104. [PMID: 23158523 PMCID: PMC3580496 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-11-r104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomics datasets are increasingly useful for gaining biomedical insights, with adoption in the clinic underway. However, multiple hurdles related to data management stand in the way of their efficient large-scale utilization. The solution proposed is a web-based data storage hub. Having clear focus, flexibility and adaptability, InSilico DB seamlessly connects genomics dataset repositories to state-of-the-art and free GUI and command-line data analysis tools. The InSilico DB platform is a powerful collaborative environment, with advanced capabilities for biocuration, dataset sharing, and dataset subsetting and combination. InSilico DB is available from https://insilicodb.org.
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Muraro MG, Mele V, Däster S, Han J, Heberer M, Cesare Spagnoli G, Iezzi G. CD133+, CD166+CD44+, and CD24+CD44+ phenotypes fail to reliably identify cell populations with cancer stem cell functional features in established human colorectal cancer cell lines. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197865 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence that cancers originate from small populations of so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs), capable of surviving conventional chemotherapies and regenerating the original tumor, urges the development of novel CSC-targeted treatments. Screening of new anticancer compounds is conventionally conducted on established tumor cell lines, providing sufficient material for high-throughput studies. Whether tumor cell lines might comprise CSC populations resembling those of primary tumors, however, remains highly debated. We have analyzed the expression of defined phenotypic profiles, including CD133+, CD166+CD44+, and CD24+CD44+, reported as CSC-specific in human primary colorectal cancer (CRC), on a panel of 10 established CRC cell lines and evaluated their correlation with CSC properties. None of the putative CSC phenotypes consistently correlated with stem cell-like features, including spheroid formation ability, clonogenicity, aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 activity, and side population phenotype. Importantly, CRC cells expressing putative CSC markers did not exhibit increased survival when treated with chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro or display higher tumorigenicity in vivo. Thus, the expression of CD133 or the coexpression of CD166/CD44 or CD24/CD44 did not appear to reliably identify CSC populations in established CRC cell lines. Our findings question the suitability of cell lines for the screening of CSC-specific therapies and underline the urgency of developing novel platforms for anticancer drug discovery.
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Amplified genes may be overexpressed, unchanged, or downregulated in cervical cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32667. [PMID: 22412903 PMCID: PMC3296745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several copy number-altered regions (CNAs) have been identified in the genome of cervical cancer, notably, amplifications of 3q and 5p. However, the contribution of copy-number alterations to cervical carcinogenesis is unresolved because genome-wide there exists a lack of correlation between copy-number alterations and gene expression. In this study, we investigated whether CNAs in the cell lines CaLo, CaSki, HeLa, and SiHa were associated with changes in gene expression. On average, 19.2% of the cell-line genomes had CNAs. However, only 2.4% comprised minimal recurrent regions (MRRs) common to all the cell lines. Whereas 3q had limited common gains (13%), 5p was entirely duplicated recurrently. Genome-wide, only 15.6% of genes located in CNAs changed gene expression; in contrast, the rate in MRRs was up to 3 times this. Chr 5p was confirmed entirely amplified by FISH; however, maximum 33.5% of the explored genes in 5p were deregulated. In 3q, this rate was 13.4%. Even in 3q26, which had 5 MRRs and 38.7% recurrently gained SNPs, the rate was only 15.1%. Interestingly, up to 19% of deregulated genes in 5p and 73% in 3q26 were downregulated, suggesting additional factors were involved in gene repression. The deregulated genes in 3q and 5p occurred in clusters, suggesting local chromatin factors may also influence gene expression. In regions amplified discontinuously, downregulated genes increased steadily as the number of amplified SNPs increased (p<0.01, Spearman's correlation). Therefore, partial gene amplification may function in silencing gene expression. Additional genes in 1q, 3q and 5p could be involved in cervical carcinogenesis, specifically in apoptosis. These include PARP1 in 1q, TNFSF10 and ECT2 in 3q and CLPTM1L, AHRR, PDCD6, and DAP in 5p. Overall, gene expression and copy-number profiles reveal factors other than gene dosage, like epigenetic or chromatin domains, may influence gene expression within the entirely amplified genome segments.
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93
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Saiselet M, Floor S, Tarabichi M, Dom G, Hébrant A, van Staveren WCG, Maenhaut C. Thyroid cancer cell lines: an overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:133. [PMID: 23162534 PMCID: PMC3499787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human thyroid cancer cell lines are the most used models for thyroid cancer studies. They must be used with detailed knowledge of their characteristics. These in vitro cell lines originate from differentiated and dedifferentiated in vivo human thyroid tumors. However, it has been shown that mRNA expression profiles of these cell lines were closer to dedifferentiated in vivo thyroid tumors (anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, ATC) than to differentiated ones. Here an overview of the knowledge of these models was made. The mutational status of six human thyroid cancer cell lines (WRO, FTC133, BCPAP, TPC1, K1, and 8505C) was in line with previously reported findings for 10 genes frequently mutated in thyroid cancer. However, the presence of a BRAF mutation (T1799A: V600E) in WRO questions the use of this cell line as a model for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Next, to investigate the biological meaning of the modulated mRNAs in these cells, a pathway analysis on previously obtained mRNA profiles was performed on five cell lines. In five cell lines, the MHC class II pathway was down-regulated and in four of them, ribosome biosynthesis and translation pathways were up-regulated. mRNA expression profiles of the cell lines were also compared to those of the different types of thyroid cancers. Three datasets originating from different microarray platforms and derived from distinct laboratories were used. This meta-analysis showed a significant higher correlation between the profiles of the thyroid cancer cell lines and ATC, than to differentiated thyroid tumors (i.e., PTC or FTC) specifically for DNA replication. This already observed higher correlation was obtained here with an increased number of in vivo tumors and using different platforms. In summary, this would suggest that some papillary thyroid carcinoma or follicular thyroid carcinoma (PTC or FTC) cell lines (i.e., TPC-1) might have partially lost their original DNA synthesis/replication regulation mechanisms during their in vitro cell adaptation/evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Saiselet
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Manuel Saiselet, IRIBHM, Faculté de Médecine CP602, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme Bat. C, 4-177A, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium. e-mail:
| | - Sébastien Floor
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dom
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Aline Hébrant
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | | | - Carine Maenhaut
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
- Welbio - Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
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Maric I, Viaggi S, Caria P, Frau DV, Degan P, Vanni R. Centrosomal and mitotic abnormalities in cell lines derived from papillary thyroid cancer harboring specific gene alterations. Mol Cytogenet 2011; 4:26. [PMID: 22087789 PMCID: PMC3248874 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-4-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiated thyroid carcinoma offers a good model to investigate the possible correlation between specific gene mutations and chromosome instability. Papillary thyroid neoplasms are characterized by different mutually exclusive genetic alterations, some of which are associated with aneuploidy and aggressive phenotype. RESULTS We investigated the centrosome status and mitotic abnormalities in three thyroid carcinoma-derived cell lines, each maintaining the specific, biologically relevant gene alteration harbored by the parental tumors: RET/PTC1 rearrangement in TPC1; heterozygous and homozygous BRAFV600E mutation in K1 and in B-CPAP, respectively. B-CPAP cells showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) higher frequency of abnormal mitotic figures compared to TPC1 and K1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that RET/PTC1 oncogenic activity is not related to mitotic chromosome impairment and missegregation whereas, based on the consistent difference in types/frequencies of centrosome and spindle abnormalities observed between K1 and B-CPAP cells, the hetero/homozygous allelic status of BRAFV600E mutation seems to be not irrelevant in respect to chromosomal instability development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maric
- Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Genova, 16132, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Silvia Viaggi
- Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Genova, 16132, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Paola Caria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Daniela V Frau
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Roberta Vanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042, Italy
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95
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Magaldi TG, Almstead LL, Bellone S, Prevatt EG, Santin AD, DiMaio D. Primary human cervical carcinoma cells require human papillomavirus E6 and E7 expression for ongoing proliferation. Virology 2011; 422:114-24. [PMID: 22056390 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Repression of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes in established cervical carcinoma cell lines causes senescence due to reactivation of cellular tumor suppressor pathways. Here, we determined whether ongoing expression of HPV16 or HPV18 oncogenes is required for the proliferation of primary human cervical carcinoma cells in serum-free conditions at low passage number after isolation from patients. We used an SV40 viral vector expressing the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein to repress E6 and E7 in these cells. To enable efficient SV40 infection and E2 gene delivery, we first incubated the primary cervical cancer cells with the ganglioside GM1, a cell-surface receptor for SV40 that is limiting in these cells. Repression of HPV in primary cervical carcinoma cells caused them to undergo senescence, but the E2 protein had little effect on HPV-negative primary cells. These data suggest that E6 and E7 dependence is an inherent property of human cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Magaldi
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
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96
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Xiong Y, Zhang L, Holloway AK, Wu X, Su L, Kebebew E. MiR-886-3p regulates cell proliferation and migration, and is dysregulated in familial non-medullary thyroid cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24717. [PMID: 21998631 PMCID: PMC3187745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular basis and characteristics of familial non-medullary thyroid cancer are poorly understood. In this study, we performed microRNA (miRNA) profiling of familial and sporadic papillary thyroid cancer tumor samples. Methodology/Principal Findings Genome wide miRNA profiling of sporadic and familial papillary thyroid cancer was performed. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Ectopic expression of miR-886-3p in thyroid cancer lines was performed to identify pathways targeted by the miRNA, as well as, to determine its effect on tumor cell biology. We found four differentially expressed miRNAs between familial and sporadic papillary thyroid cancer tumor samples. MiR-886-3p and miR-20a were validated to be differentially expressed by 3- and 4-fold, respectively. Pathway analysis of genome-wide expression data on cells overexpressing miR-886-3p and target prediction analysis showed genes involved in DNA replication and focal adhesion pathways were regulated by miR-886-3p. Overexpression of miR-886-3p in thyroid cancer cell lines significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, the number and size of spheroids and cellular migration. Additionally, overexpression of miR-886-3p increased the number of cells in S phase. Conclusions/Significance Our findings for the first time suggest that miR-886-3p plays an important role in thyroid cancer tumor cell biology and regulates genes involved in DNA replication and focal adhesion. Thus, miR-886-3p may play a role in the initiation and or progression of papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiong
- Endocrine Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alisha K. Holloway
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Technology, Science Applications International Coorporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ling Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Technology, Science Applications International Coorporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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97
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Bazeley PS, Nestor Kalinoski AL, Ways JA, Liu ST, Ramdath RS, Matsui SI, Allison DC. A model for random genetic damage directing selection of diploid or aneuploid tumours. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:212-23. [PMID: 21535262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether genetic instability may determine whether tumours become aneuploid or diploid. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have identified genes needed for cell survival or replication by combining Affymetrix gene expression array data from 12 experimental cell lines with in silico GEO+GNF and expO databases. Specific loss of heterozygosis (LOHs), chromosomal abnormalities (called derivative chromosomes) and numbers of normal homologues were identified by SNP and SKY analyses. Random gene losses were calculated under the assumption that bi-allelic MMR gene inactivation causes a 20-fold increase in rate of gene loss. RESULTS There were ∼1.23 × 10(4) genes widely dispersed throughout the genome and possibly expressed by all cells for survival or proliferation, many of these genes performed housekeeping functions. Conservation of the genes may explain the complete haploid genomes found for 15 different cell types and derivative chromosomes selectively retained in aneuploid cancer cell lines after LOH formations, and normal homologue losses. Loss of cell survival/replication genes was calculated to be higher in colon stem cells of carriers of MMR gene mutations than carriers of APC gene mutations. CONCLUSION Random loss of cell survival/replication genes was calculated to be low enough for colon stem cells with APC gene mutations to 'select' LOH and derivative chromosome combinations favouring tumour cell proliferation. However, cell survival/replication gene loss was calculated to be too high for colonic stem cells lacking MMR genes to survive chromosomal instability, explaining why MMR mutations only produce tumours with diploid chromosome cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Bazeley
- Program in Bioinformatics and Proteomics/Genomics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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98
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Gadaleta E, Cutts RJ, Kelly GP, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Kocher HM, Lemoine NR, Chelala C. A global insight into a cancer transcriptional space using pancreatic data: importance, findings and flaws. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:7900-7. [PMID: 21724610 PMCID: PMC3185430 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing wealth of available data, the structure of cancer transcriptional space remains largely unknown. Analysis of this space would provide novel insights into the complexity of cancer, assess relative implications in complex biological processes and responses, evaluate the effectiveness of cancer models and help uncover vital facets of cancer biology not apparent from current small-scale studies. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of pancreatic cancer-expression space by integrating data from otherwise disparate studies. We found (i) a clear separation of profiles based on experimental type, with patient tissue samples, cell lines and xenograft models forming distinct groups; (ii) three subgroups within the normal samples adjacent to cancer showing disruptions to biofunctions previously linked to cancer; and (iii) that ectopic subcutaneous xenografts and cell line models do not effectively represent changes occurring in pancreatic cancer. All findings are available from our online resource for independent interrogation. Currently, the most comprehensive analysis of pancreatic cancer to date, our study primarily serves to highlight limitations inherent with a lack of raw data availability, insufficient clinical/histopathological information and ambiguous data processing. It stresses the importance of a global-systems approach to assess and maximise findings from expression profiling of malignant and non-malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gadaleta
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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99
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Russell SM, Lechner MG, Gong L, Megiel C, Liebertz DJ, Masood R, Correa AJ, Han J, Puri RK, Sinha UK, Epstein AL. USC-HN2, a new model cell line for recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with immunosuppressive characteristics. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:810-7. [PMID: 21719345 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common and aggressive tumors that have not seen an improvement in survival rates in decades. These tumors are believed to evade the immune system through a variety of mechanisms and are therefore highly immune modulatory. In order to elucidate their interaction with the immune system and develop new therapies targeting immune escape, new pre-clinical models are needed. A novel human cell line, USC-HN2, was established from a patient biopsy specimen of invasive, recurrent buccal HNSCC and characterized by morphology, heterotransplantation, cytogenetics, phenotype, gene expression, and immune modulation studies and compared to a similar HNSCC cell line; SCCL-MT1. Characterization studies confirmed the HNSCC origin of USC-HN2 and demonstrated a phenotype similar to the original tumor and typical of aggressive oral cavity HNSCC (EGFR(+)CD44v6(+)FABP5(+)Keratin(+) and HPV(-)). Gene and protein expression studies revealed USC-HN2 to have highly immune-modulatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, and VEGF) and strong regulatory T and myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) induction capacity in vitro. Of note, both USC-HN2 and SCCL-MT1 were found to have a more robust cytokine profile and MDSC induction capacity when compared to seven previously established HNSCC cell lines. Additionally, microarray gene expression profiling of both cell lines demonstrate up-regulation of antigen presenting genes. Because USC-HN2 is therefore highly immunogenic, it also induces strong immune suppression to evade immunologic destruction. Based upon these results, both cell lines provide an excellent model for the development of new suppressor cell-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Russell
- Department of Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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100
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Chiodi I, Belgiovine C, Donà F, Scovassi AI, Mondello C. Drug treatment of cancer cell lines: a way to select for cancer stem cells? Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1111-28. [PMID: 24212655 PMCID: PMC3756405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3011111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are generally composed of different cell types. In recent years, it has been shown that in many types of cancers a subset of cells show peculiar characteristics, such as the ability to induce tumors when engrafted into host animals, self-renew and being immortal, and give rise to a differentiated progeny. These cells have been defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells. CSCs can be isolated both from tumor specimens and established cancer cell lines on the basis of their ability to exclude fluorescent dyes, express specific cell surface markers or grow in particular culture conditions. A key feature of CSCs is their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, which could contribute to the remaining of residual cancer cells after therapeutic treatments. It has been shown that CSC-like cells can be isolated after drug treatment of cancer cell lines; in this review, we will describe the strategies so far applied to identify and isolate CSCs. Furthermore, we will discuss the possible use of these selected populations to investigate CSC biology and develop new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Chiodi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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