Janneh O, Bray PG, Jones E, Wyen C, Chiba P, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Concentration-dependent effects and intracellular accumulation of HIV protease inhibitors in cultured CD4 T cells and primary human lymphocytes.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;
65:906-16. [PMID:
20237075 DOI:
10.1093/jac/dkq082]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The intracellular and plasma concentrations of HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs) vary widely in vivo. It is unclear whether there is a concentration-dependent effect of HPIs such that at increasing concentration they may either block their own efflux (leading to 'autoboosting') or influx (leading to saturability/decreased intracellular accumulation).
METHOD
The effects of various concentrations (0-30 microM) of lopinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir and atazanavir on the accumulation of [(14)C]lopinavir, [(3)H]saquinavir, [(3)H]ritonavir and [(3)H]atazanavir, respectively, were investigated in CEM(parental), CEM(VBL) [P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) overexpressing], CEM(E1000) (MRP1 overexpressing) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also investigated the effects of inhibitors of ABCB1/ABCG2 (tariquidar), ABCC (MK571) and ABCC1/2 (frusemide), singly and in combination with HPIs, on cellular accumulation.
RESULTS
In all the cell lines, with increasing concentration of lopinavir, saquinavir and ritonavir, there was a significant increase in the cellular accumulation of [(14)C]lopinavir, [(3)H]saquinavir and [(3)H]ritonavir. Tariquidar, MK571 and frusemide (alone and in combination with lopinavir, saquinavir and ritonavir) significantly increased the accumulation of [(14)C]lopinavir, [(3)H]saquinavir and [(3)H]ritonavir. Ritonavir (alone or in combination with tariquidar) decreased the intracellular accumulation of [(3)H]ritonavir in PBMCs. Atazanavir decreased the accumulation of [(3)H]atazanavir in a concentration-dependent manner in all of the cells tested.
CONCLUSIONS
There are complex and variable drug-specific rather than class-specific effects of the HPIs on their own accumulation.
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