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Wu M, Song D, Li H, Yang Y, Ma X, Deng S, Ren C, Shu X. Negative regulators of STAT3 signaling pathway in cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4957-4969. [PMID: 31213912 PMCID: PMC6549392 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s206175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is the most ubiquitous member of the STAT family and involved in many biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mounting evidence has revealed that STAT3 is aberrantly activated in many malignant tumors and plays a critical role in cancer progression. STAT3 is usually regarded as an effective molecular target for cancer treatment, and abolishing the STAT3 activity may diminish tumor growth and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that negative regulators of STAT3 signaling such as PIAS, SOCS, and PTP, can effectively retard tumor progression. However, PIAS, SOCS, and PTP have also been reported to correlate with tumor malignancy, and their biological function in tumorigenesis and antitumor therapy are somewhat controversial. In this review, we summarize actual knowledge on the negative regulators of STAT3 in tumors, and focus on the potential role of PIAS, SOCS, and PTP in cancer treatment. Furthermore, we also outline the STAT3 inhibitors that have entered clinical trials. Targeting STAT3 seems to be a promising strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Changle Ren
- Surgery Department of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
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52
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Decoration of Anti-CD38 on Nanoparticles Carrying a STAT3 Inhibitor Can Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy Against Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020248. [PMID: 30791634 PMCID: PMC6407065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is an oncoprotein which has been shown to contribute to drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Nonetheless, the clinical utility of STAT3 inhibitors in treating MM has been limited, partly related to some of their pharmacologic properties. To overcome these challenges, our group had previously packaged STAT3 inhibitors using a novel formulation of nanoparticles (NP) and found encouraging results. In this study, we aimed to further improve the pharmacologic properties of these NP by decorating them with monoclonal anti-CD38 antibodies. NP loaded with S3I-1757 (a STAT3 inhibitor), labeled as S3I-NP, were generated. S3I-NP decorated with anti-CD38 (labeled as CD38-S3I-NP) were found to have a similar nanoparticular size, drug encapsulation, and loading as S3I-NP. The release of S3I-1757 at 24 h was also similar between the two formulations. Using Cy5.5 labeling of the NP, we found that the decoration of anti-CD38 on these NP significantly increased the cellular uptake by two MM cell lines (p < 0.001). Accordingly, CD38-S3I-NP showed a significantly lower inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) compared to S3I-NP in two IL6-stimulated MM cell lines (p < 0.001). In a xenograft mouse model, CD38-S3I-NP significantly reduced the tumor size by 4-fold compared to S3I-NP on day 12 after drug administration (p = 0.006). The efficacy of CD38-S3I-NP in suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation in the xenografts was confirmed by using immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. In conclusion, our study suggests that the decoration of anti-CD38 on NP loaded with STAT3 inhibitors can further improve their therapeutic effects against MM.
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Jiang X, Tang J, Wu M, Chen S, Xu Z, Wang H, Wang H, Yu X, Li Z, Teng L. BP‑1‑102 exerts an antitumor effect on the AGS human gastric cancer cell line through modulating the STAT3 and MAPK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2698-2706. [PMID: 30720080 PMCID: PMC6423579 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BP-1-102, a novel inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), exhibits significant antitumor effects in several malignancies in vitro and in vivo. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effect and potential molecular mechanisms of BP-102 in human GC cell lines were investigated. The results showed that BP-1-02 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells, whereas it had little effect on HGC-27 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that BP-1-102 induced apoptosis, but had minimal effect on cell cycle distribution. In addition, cells treated with BP-1-102 demonstrated markedly suppressed migration and invasion capacities. Western blot analysis revealed that BP-1-102 inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and its target genes, including c-Myc, cyclin D1 and survivin, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was found that BP-1-102 induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-related kinases. Taken together, these results demonstrated that BP-1-102 may be a potent antitumor agent that acts through modulating the STAT3 and MAPK signaling pathways in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jiang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Tang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shitu Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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54
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Two decades of research in discovery of anticancer drugs targeting STAT3, how close are we? Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:74-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhang W, Yu W, Cai G, Zhu J, Zhang C, Li S, Guo J, Yin G, Chen C, Kong L. A new synthetic derivative of cryptotanshinone KYZ3 as STAT3 inhibitor for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1098. [PMID: 30368518 PMCID: PMC6204138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Silencing STAT3 is confirmed as a promising therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapy to address the issue of its poor prognosis. In this study, the natural product cryptotanshinone was firstly remodeled and modified as a more effective STAT3 inhibitor by structure-based strategy. The synthetic derivative KYZ3 had 22-24-fold increase in antitumor activity than cryptotanshinone on two TNBC cell lines but had little effect on normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells. Further investigation showed that KYZ3 inhibited persistent STAT3 phosphorylation. It also prevented the STAT3 protein nuclear translocation to regulate the expressions of the target oncogenes including Bax and Bcl-2. Furthermore, KYZ3 inhibited TNBC cell metastasis by decreasing the levels of MMP-9 which were directly regulated by activated STAT3. A STAT3 plasmid transfecting assay suggested that KYZ3 induced tumor cell apoptosis mainly by targeting STAT3. Finally, KYZ3 suppressed the growth of tumors resulting from subcutaneous implantation of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. Taken together, KYZ3 may be a promising cancer therapeutic agent for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guiping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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Wu S, Qiu Y, Shao Y, Yin S, Wang R, Pang X, Ma J, Zhang C, Wu B, Koo S, Han L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang T, Yu H. Lycorine Displays Potent Antitumor Efficacy in Colon Carcinoma by Targeting STAT3. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:881. [PMID: 30135654 PMCID: PMC6092588 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, we identify lycorine is an effective inhibitor of STAT3, leading to repression of multiple oncogenic processes in colon carcinoma. Lycorine selectively inactivates phospho-STAT3 (Tyr-705), and subsequent molecular docking uncovers that lycorine directly binds to the SH2 domain of STAT3. Consequently, we find that lycorine exhibits anti-proliferative activity and induces cell apoptosis on human colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro. Lycorine induces the activation of the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by activation of caspase and increase of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and mitochondrial depolarization. Overexpressing STAT3 greatly blocks these effects by lycorine in CRC cells. Finally, lycorine exhibits a potential therapeutic effect in xenograft colorectal tumors by targeting STAT3 without observed toxicity. Taken together, the present study indicates that lycorine acts as a promising inhibitor of STAT3, which blocks tumorigenesis in colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sangho Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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57
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Total Saponins of Rubus Parvifolius L. Exhibited Anti-Leukemia Effect in vivo through STAT3 and eIF4E Signaling Pathways. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:920-924. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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58
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Discovery of new benzensulfonamide derivatives as tripedal STAT3 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:752-764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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59
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Abstract
The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is aberrantly hyperactivated in many types of cancer, and such hyperactivation is generally associated with a poor clinical prognosis. In the tumour microenvironment, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signalling acts to drive the proliferation, survival, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumour cells, while strongly suppressing the antitumour immune response. Thus, treatments that target the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in patients with cancer are poised to provide therapeutic benefit by directly inhibiting tumour cell growth and by stimulating antitumour immunity. Agents targeting IL-6, the IL-6 receptor, or JAKs have already received FDA approval for the treatment of inflammatory conditions or myeloproliferative neoplasms and for the management of certain adverse effects of chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and are being further evaluated in patients with haematopoietic malignancies and in those with solid tumours. Novel inhibitors of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway, including STAT3-selective inhibitors, are currently in development. Herein, we review the role of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signalling in the tumour microenvironment and the status of preclinical and clinical investigations of agents targeting this pathway. We also discuss the potential of combining IL-6/JAK/STAT3 inhibitors with currently approved therapeutic agents directed against immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel A. O’Keefe
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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60
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Lopez-Tapia F, Brotherton-Pleiss C, Yue P, Murakami H, Costa Araujo AC, Reis dos Santos B, Ichinotsubo E, Rabkin A, Shah R, Lantz M, Chen S, Tius MA, Turkson J. Linker Variation and Structure-Activity Relationship Analyses of Carboxylic Acid-based Small Molecule STAT3 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541369 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular determinants for the activities of the reported benzoic acid (SH4-54), salicylic acid (BP-1-102), and benzohydroxamic acid (SH5-07)-based STAT3 inhibitors were investigated to design optimized analogues. All three leads are based on an N-methylglycinamide scaffold, with its two amine groups condensed with three different functionalities. The three functionalities and the CH2 group of the glycinamide scaffold were separately modified. The replacement of the pentafluorobenzene or cyclohexylbenzene, or replacing the benzene ring of the aromatic carboxylic or hydroxamic acid motif with heterocyclic components (containing nitrogen and oxygen elements) all decreased potency. Notably, the Ala-linker analogues, 1a and 2v, and the Pro-based derivative 5d, all with (R)-configuration at the chiral center, had improved inhibitory activity and selectivity against STAT3 DNA-binding activity in vitro, with IC50 of 3.0 ± 0.9, 1.80 ± 0.94, and 2.4 ± 0.2 μM, respectively. Compounds 1a, 2v, 5d, and other analogues inhibited constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation and activation in human breast cancer and melanoma lines, and blocked tumor cell viability, growth, colony formation, and migration in vitro. Pro-based analogue, 5h, with a relatively polar tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ring, instead of the cyclohexyl, showed improved permeability. In general, the (R)-configuration Pro-based analogs showed the overall best profile, including physicochemical properties (e.g., microsomal metabolic stability, Caco-2 permeability), and in particular, 5d showed improved tumor-cell specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lopez-Tapia
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825, United States
| | - Christine Brotherton-Pleiss
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825, United States
| | - Peibin Yue
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Heide Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825, United States
| | | | - Bruna Reis dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825, United States
| | - Erin Ichinotsubo
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Anna Rabkin
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Raj Shah
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Megan Lantz
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Marcus A. Tius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825, United States
| | - James Turkson
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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Bharadwaj U, Eckols TK, Xu X, Kasembeli MM, Chen Y, Adachi M, Song Y, Mo Q, Lai SY, Tweardy DJ. Small-molecule inhibition of STAT3 in radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26307-30. [PMID: 27027445 PMCID: PMC5041982 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While STAT3 has been validated as a target for treatment of many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a STAT3 inhibitor is yet to enter the clinic. We used the scaffold of C188, a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor previously identified by us, in a hit-to-lead program to identify C188-9. C188-9 binds to STAT3 with high affinity and represents a substantial improvement over C188 in its ability to inhibit STAT3 binding to its pY-peptide ligand, to inhibit cytokine-stimulated pSTAT3, to reduce constitutive pSTAT3 activity in multiple HNSCC cell lines, and to inhibit anchorage dependent and independent growth of these cells. In addition, treatment of nude mice bearing xenografts of UM-SCC-17B, a radioresistant HNSCC line, with C188-9, but not C188, prevented tumor xenograft growth. C188-9 treatment modulated many STAT3-regulated genes involved in oncogenesis and radioresistance, as well as radioresistance genes regulated by STAT1, due to its potent activity against STAT1, in addition to STAT3. C188-9 was well tolerated in mice, showed good oral bioavailability, and was concentrated in tumors. Thus, C188-9, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy, has potential for use in treating HNSCC tumors that demonstrate increased STAT3 and/or STAT1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Department of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T Kris Eckols
- Department of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuejun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Moses M Kasembeli
- Department of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Makoto Adachi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Disease, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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62
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Park J, Kim S, Joh J, Remick SC, Miller DM, Yan J, Kanaan Z, Chao JH, Krem MM, Basu SK, Hagiwara S, Kenner L, Moriggl R, Bunting KD, Tse W. MLLT11/AF1q boosts oncogenic STAT3 activity through Src-PDGFR tyrosine kinase signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43960-43973. [PMID: 27259262 PMCID: PMC5190071 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive STAT3 activation by tyrosine phosphorylation of mutated or amplified tyrosine kinases (pYSTAT3) is critical for cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and motility of carcinoma cells. We showed that AF1q is associated with STAT3 signaling in breast cancer cells. In xenograft models, enhanced AF1q expression activated STAT3 and promoted tumor growth and metastasis in immunodeficient NSG mice. The cytokine secretory phenotype of MDA-MB-231LN breast cancer cells with altered AF1q expression revealed changes in expression of platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-B). AF1q-induced PDGF-B stimulated motility, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231LN cells, and AF1q up-regulated platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling. Further, AF1q-induced PDGFR signaling enhanced STAT3 activity through Src kinase activation, which could be blocked by the Src kinase inhibitor PP1. Moreover, AF1q up-regulated tyrosine kinase signaling through PDGFR signaling, which was blockable by imatinib. In conclusion, we demonstrated that enhanced AF1q expression contributes to persistent and oncogenic pYSTAT3 levels in invasive carcinoma cells by activating Src kinase through activation of the PDGF-B/PDGFR cascade. Therefore, AF1q plays an essential role as a cofactor in PDGF-B-driven STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jino Park
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joongho Joh
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Scot C Remick
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Donald M Miller
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zeyad Kanaan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ju-Hsien Chao
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maxwell M Krem
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Soumit K Basu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shotaro Hagiwara
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Clinical Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals (UPLA), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin D Bunting
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Tse
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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63
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Qiu HY, Fu JY, Yang MK, Han HW, Wang PF, Zhang YH, Lin HY, Tang CY, Qi JL, Yang RW, Wang XM, Zhu HL, Yang YH. Identification of new shikonin derivatives as STAT3 inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:74-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Toosendanin demonstrates promising antitumor efficacy in osteosarcoma by targeting STAT3. Oncogene 2017; 36:6627-6639. [PMID: 28783167 PMCID: PMC5702716 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) is an emerging target for cancer therapy. In this study, we identify Toosendanin (TSN) is an effective inhibitor of STAT3, leading to the impediment of various oncogenic processes in osteosarcoma. TSN selectively inactivates phospho-STAT3 (Tyr-705); subsequent molecular docking and in vitro SPR analysis uncover TSN directly binds to the SH2 domain of STAT3. Consequently, TSN blocks STAT3 dimerization and impairs the complex formation of STAT3 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In an animal tumor model study, TSN is well tolerated, inhibits osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. In another osteosarcoma patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model, we find TSN triggers strong inhibitory effects on patient-derived tumors. Further studies show that TSN also displays activity against other solid tumors. Our preclinical work therefore supports that TSN acts as a novel inhibitor of STAT3 that blocks tumorigenesis in ostoesarcoma.
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65
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Qiu HY, Zhu X, Luo YL, Lin HY, Tang CY, Qi JL, Pang YJ, Yang RW, Lu GH, Wang XM, Yang YH. Identification of New Shikonin Derivatives as Antitumor Agents Targeting STAT3 SH2 Domain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2863. [PMID: 28588262 PMCID: PMC5460289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is hyper-activated in diversiform human tumors and has been validated as an attractive therapeutic target. Current research showed that a natural product, shikonin, along with its synthetic analogues, is able to inhibit the activity of STAT3 potently. The potential space of shikonin in developing novel anti-cancer agents encouraged us to carry out the investigation of the probable binding mode with STAT3. From this foundation, we have designed new types of STAT3 SH2 inhibitors. Combined simulations were performed to filter for the lead compound, which was then substituted, synthesized and evaluated by a variety of bioassays. Among the entities, PMM-172 exhibited the best anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 value 1.98 ± 0.49 μM. Besides, it was identified to decrease luciferase activity, induce cell apoptosis and reduce mitochondrial transmembrane potential in MDA-MB-231 cells. Also, PMM-172 inhibited constitutive/inducible STAT3 activation without affecting STAT1 and STAT5 in MDA-MB-231 cells, and had no effect in non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells. Moreover, PMM-172 suppressed STAT3 nuclear localization and STAT3 downstream target genes expression. Overall, these results indicate that the antitumor activity of PMM-172 is at least partially due to inhibition of STAT3 in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yue-Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan-Jun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rong-Wu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gui-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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66
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He T, Zhang M, Zheng R, Zheng S, Linghu E, Herman JG, Guo M. Methylation of SLFN11 is a marker of poor prognosis and cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2017; 9:849-862. [PMID: 28403629 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The expression of human SLFN11 was reported to sensitize cancer cells to DNA damaging agents. This study is to explore the epigenetic change and the function of SLFN11 in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials & methods: Six CRC cell lines and 128 primary CRC samples were used. Results: SLFN11 was methylated in 55.47% (71/128) of primary CRC. The expression of SLFN11 was regulated by promoter region methylation. Methylation of SLFN11 was significantly associated with age, poor 5-year overall survival and 5-year relapse-free survival (all p < 0.05). SLFN11 suppressed CRC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and sensitized CRC cells to cisplatin. Conclusion: SLFN11 is frequently methylated in human CRC, and the expression of SLFN11 is regulated by promoter region methylation. Methylation of SLFN11 reduced the sensitivity of CRC cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical College, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruipan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical College, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - James G Herman
- Medical College, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
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Yu W, Li C, Zhang W, Xia Y, Li S, Lin JY, Yu K, Liu M, Yang L, Luo J, Chen Y, Sun H, Kong L. Discovery of an Orally Selective Inhibitor of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Using Advanced Multiple Ligand Simultaneous Docking. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2718-2731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jia-yuh Lin
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Keqin Yu
- Water Supply
and Drainage, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe Avenue South, Nanchang 330046, China
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68
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Expression and Production of SH2 Domain Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28092031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6762-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain lies at the heart of phosphotyrosine signaling, coordinating signaling events downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), adaptors, and scaffolds. Over a hundred SH2 domains are present in mammals, each having a unique specificity which determines its interactions with multiple binding partners. One of the essential tools necessary for studying and determining the role of SH2 domains in phosphotyrosine signaling is a set of soluble recombinant SH2 proteins. Here we describe methods, based on a broad experience with purification of all SH2 domains, for the production of SH2 domain proteins needed for proteomic and biochemical-based studies such as peptide arrays, mass-spectrometry, protein microarrays, reverse-phase microarrays, and high-throughput fluorescence polarization (HTP-FP). We describe stepwise protocols for expression and purification of SH2 domains using GST or poly His-tags, two widely adopted affinity tags. In addition, we address alternative approaches, challenges, and validation studies for assessing protein quality and provide general characteristics of purified human SH2 domains.
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69
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Furtek SL, Matheson CJ, Backos DS, Reigan P. Evaluation of quantitative assays for the identification of direct signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 7:77998-78008. [PMID: 27793003 PMCID: PMC5363639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In many forms of cancer the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor remains constitutively active, driving cancer survival and progression. The critical role of STAT3 in tumorigenesis has prompted a campaign of drug discovery programs to identify small molecules that disrupt the function of STAT3, with more recent efforts focusing on direct STAT3 inhibition. There are two target binding sites for direct STAT3 inhibitors: the SH2 dimerization domain and the DNA-binding domain. An in vitro fluorescence polarization assay, using recombinant STAT3 protein, has successfully identified compounds that target the SH2 domain; however, no assay has been reported to identify inhibitors that bind the DNA-binding domain. The lack of such a quantitative assay has limited the identification and development of STAT3 DNA-binding domain inhibitors. Here, we report a modified DNA-binding ELISA to incorporate recombinant STAT3 protein to evaluate small molecules that prevent STAT3-DNA binding. The concomitant use of the ELISA and fluorescence polarization assay enables the classification of direct STAT3 inhibitors by their site of action. Our data provide further support that niclosamide inhibits STAT3 through interaction with the DNA-binding domain. Furthermore, the ELISA can support medicinal chemistry efforts by identifying DNA-binding domain inhibitors and allowing the determination of an IC50 value, supporting the ranking of inhibitors and development of structure-activity relationships. Therefore, we propose a tandem evaluation approach to identify small molecules that target the SH2 domain or the DNA-binding domain of STAT3, which allows for quantitative evaluation of candidate STAT3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie L. Furtek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christopher J. Matheson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Donald S. Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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70
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Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Tweardy DJ. STAT3 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Comprehensive Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42949-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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71
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4-Carbonyl-2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone derivatives as small molecule inhibitors of STAT3 signaling pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6174-6182. [PMID: 27816267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway is proposed to be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, a series of 4-carbonyl-2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone derivatives were prepared and evaluated as anticancer agents. The most potent compound 13r was discovered to exhibit antiproliferative activity against a broad rang of cancer cell lines and relatively low cytotoxicity against normal human cells. Besides, 13r effectively suppressed STAT3 expression as well as phosphorylation, and surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed the direct interaction of 13r with STAT3. Docking simulation showed that 13r could inhibit STAT3 by targeting SH2 domain. This study provided evidence for these compounds to be further developed as antitumor agents through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway.
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72
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Zimmers TA, Fishel ML, Bonetto A. STAT3 in the systemic inflammation of cancer cachexia. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 54:28-41. [PMID: 26860754 PMCID: PMC4867234 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss is diagnostic of cachexia, a debilitating syndrome contributing mightily to morbidity and mortality in cancer. Most research has probed mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy and adipose wasting in cachexia; however cachexia is a truly systemic phenomenon. Presence of the tumor elicits an inflammatory response and profound metabolic derangements involving not only muscle and fat, but also the hypothalamus, liver, heart, blood, spleen and likely other organs. This global response is orchestrated in part through circulating cytokines that rise in conditions of cachexia. Exogenous Interleukin-6 (IL6) and related cytokines can induce most cachexia symptomatology, including muscle and fat wasting, the acute phase response and anemia, while IL-6 inhibition reduces muscle loss in cancer. Although mechanistic studies are ongoing, certain of these cachexia phenotypes have been causally linked to the cytokine-activated transcription factor, STAT3, including skeletal muscle wasting, cardiac dysfunction and hypothalamic inflammation. Correlative studies implicate STAT3 in fat wasting and the acute phase response in cancer cachexia. Parallel data in non-cancer models and disease states suggest both pathological and protective functions for STAT3 in other organs during cachexia. STAT3 also contributes to cancer cachexia through enhancing tumorigenesis, metastasis and immune suppression, particularly in tumors associated with high prevalence of cachexia. This review examines the evidence linking STAT3 to multi-organ manifestations of cachexia and the potential and perils for targeting STAT3 to reduce cachexia and prolong survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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Kumar H, Tichkule S, Raj U, Gupta S, Srivastava S, Varadwaj PK. Effect of STAT3 inhibitor in chronic myeloid leukemia associated signaling pathway: a mathematical modeling, simulation and systems biology study. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:40. [PMID: 28330111 PMCID: PMC4729759 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem-cell disorder which proliferates due to abnormal growth of basophil cells. Several proangiogenic molecules have been reported to be associated in CML progression, including the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). However, detail mechanism about the cellular distribution and function of HGF in CML is yet to be revealed. The proliferation of hematopoietic cells are regulated by some of the growth factors like interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-6, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, etc. In this study IL-6 pathways have been taken into consideration which induces JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways to decipher the CML progression stages. An attempt has been made to model these pathways with the help of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and estimating unknown parameters through fminsearch optimization algorithm. Some of the specific component like STAT3, of the pathway has been analyzed in detail and their role in CML progression has been elucidated. The roles of STAT3 inhibitors into the treatment of CML have been thoroughly studied and optimum concentration of the inhibitors have been predicted.
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74
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Furtek SL, Backos DS, Matheson CJ, Reigan P. Strategies and Approaches of Targeting STAT3 for Cancer Treatment. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:308-18. [PMID: 26730496 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes related to cell cycle, cell survival, and immune response associated with cancer progression and malignancy in a number of cancer types. Once activated, STAT3 forms a homodimer and translocates to the nucleus where it binds DNA promoting the translation of target genes associated with antiapoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion/migration. In normal cells, levels of activated STAT3 remain transient; however, STAT3 remains constitutively active in approximately 70% of human solid tumors. The pivotal role of STAT3 in tumor progression has promoted a campaign in drug discovery to identify small molecules that disrupt the function of STAT3. A range of approaches have been used to identify novel small molecule inhibitors of STAT3, including high-throughput screening of chemical libraries, computational-based virtual screening, and fragment-based design strategies. The most common approaches in targeting STAT3 activity are either via the inhibition of tyrosine kinases capable of phosphorylating and thereby activating STAT3 or by preventing the formation of functional STAT3 dimers through disruption of the SH2 domains. However, the targeting of the STAT3 DNA-binding domain and disruption of binding of STAT3 to its DNA promoter have not been thoroughly examined, mainly due to the lack of adequate assay systems. This review summarizes the development of STAT3 inhibitors organized by the approach used to inhibit STAT3, the current inhibitors of each class, and the assay systems used to evaluate STAT3 inhibition and offers an insight into future approaches for small molecule STAT3 inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie L. Furtek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Donald S. Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Christopher J. Matheson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Yeh JE, Frank DA. STAT3-Interacting Proteins as Modulators of Transcription Factor Function: Implications to Targeted Cancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:795-801. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Yeh
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; 450 Brookline Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - David A. Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; 450 Brookline Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
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76
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Zhao C, Li H, Lin HJ, Yang S, Lin J, Liang G. Feedback Activation of STAT3 as a Cancer Drug-Resistance Mechanism. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:47-61. [PMID: 26576830 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays crucial roles in several cellular processes such as cell proliferation and survival, and has been found to be aberrantly activated in many cancers. Much research has explored the leading mechanisms for regulating the STAT3 pathway and its role in promoting tumorigenesis. We focus here on recent evidence suggesting that feedback activation of STAT3 plays a prominent role in mediating drug resistance to a broad spectrum of targeted cancer therapies and chemotherapies. We highlight the potential of co-targeting STAT3 and its primary target to overcome drug resistance, and provide perspective on repurposing clinically approved drugs as STAT3 pathway inhibitors, in combination with the FDA-approved receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, to improve clinical outcome of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengguang Zhao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Huameng Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Huey-Jen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shulin Yang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
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Lai PS, Rosa DA, Magdy Ali A, Gómez-Biagi RF, Ball DP, Shouksmith AE, Gunning PT. A STAT inhibitor patent review: progress since 2011. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1397-421. [PMID: 26394986 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1086749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical utility of effective direct STAT inhibitors, particularly STAT3 and STAT5, for treating cancer and other diseases is well studied and known. AREAS COVERED This review will highlight the STAT inhibitor patent literature from 2011 to 2015 inclusive. Emphasis will be placed on inhibitors of the STAT3, STAT5a/b, and STAT1 proteins for cancer treatment. The review will, where suitably investigated, describe the mode and the site of inhibition, list indications that were evaluated, and rank the inhibitor's relative potency among compounds in the same class. The reader will gain an understanding of the diverse set of approaches, used both in academia and industry, to target STAT proteins. EXPERT OPINION There is still much work to be done to directly target the STAT3 and STAT5 proteins. As yet, there is still no direct STAT3 inhibitor in the clinic. While the SH2 domain remains a popular target for therapeutic intervention, the DNA-binding domain and N-terminal region are now attracting attention as possible sites for inhibition. Multiple putative STAT3 and STAT5 inhibitors have now been patented across a broad spectrum of chemotypes, each with their own advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Shan Lai
- a University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada +1 90 55 69 45 88 ; +1 90 55 69 49 29 ;
| | - David A Rosa
- a University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada +1 90 55 69 45 88 ; +1 90 55 69 49 29 ;
| | - Ahmed Magdy Ali
- a University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada +1 90 55 69 45 88 ; +1 90 55 69 49 29 ;
| | - Rodolfo F Gómez-Biagi
- a University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada +1 90 55 69 45 88 ; +1 90 55 69 49 29 ;
| | - Daniel P Ball
- a University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada +1 90 55 69 45 88 ; +1 90 55 69 49 29 ;
| | - Andrew E Shouksmith
- a University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada +1 90 55 69 45 88 ; +1 90 55 69 49 29 ;
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- a University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada +1 90 55 69 45 88 ; +1 90 55 69 49 29 ;
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Miklossy G, Youn UJ, Yue P, Zhang M, Chen CH, Hilliard TS, Paladino D, Li Y, Choi J, Sarkaria JN, Kawakami JK, Wongwiwatthananukit S, Chen Y, Sun D, Chang LC, Turkson J. Hirsutinolide Series Inhibit Stat3 Activity, Alter GCN1, MAP1B, Hsp105, G6PD, Vimentin, TrxR1, and Importin α-2 Expression, and Induce Antitumor Effects against Human Glioma. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7734-48. [PMID: 26331426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report that hirsutinolide series, 6, 7, 10, 11, 20, and 22, and the semisynthetic analogues, 30, 31, 33, and 36, inhibit constitutively active signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and malignant glioma phenotype. A position 13 lipophilic ester group is required for activity. Molecular modeling and nuclear magnetic resonance structural analyses reveal direct hirsutinolide:Stat3 binding. One-hour treatment of cells with 6 and 22 also upregulated importin subunit α-2 levels and repressed translational activator GCN1, microtubule-associated protein (MAP)1B, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)1 cytoplasmic isoform 3, glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform a, Hsp105, vimentin, and tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein (TNAP)2 expression. Active hirsutinolides inhibited anchorage-dependent and three-dimensional spheroid growth, survival, and migration of human glioma lines and glioma patients' tumor-derived xenograft cells harboring constitutively active Stat3. Oral gavage delivery of 6 or 22 inhibited human glioma tumor growth in subcutaneous mouse xenografts. The inhibition of Stat3 signaling represents part of the hirsutinolide-mediated mechanisms to induce antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo 96720, Hawaii, United States
| | | | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo 96720, Hawaii, United States
| | - Chih-Hong Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte 91010, California, United States
| | | | | | - Yifei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte 91010, California, United States
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte 91010, California, United States
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester 55905, Minnesota, United States
| | - Joel K Kawakami
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University , Honolulu 96816, Hawaii, United States
| | - Supakit Wongwiwatthananukit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo 96720, Hawaii, United States
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte 91010, California, United States
| | - Dianqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo 96720, Hawaii, United States
| | - Leng Chee Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo 96720, Hawaii, United States
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79
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Khanna P, Chua PJ, Bay BH, Baeg GH. The JAK/STAT signaling cascade in gastric carcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1617-26. [PMID: 26398764 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma remains one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide, despite the decline in incidence rates, increased awareness of the disease and advancement in treatment strategies. Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary factors, lifestyle influences and various genetic aberrations have been shown to contribute to the development and progression of gastric cancer. Recent studies on the genomic landscape of gastric adenocarcinoma have identified several key signaling molecules, including epidermal growth factor receptor family (ErbB) members, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR) members and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components, that have been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancers. However, clinical trials with compounds that target these molecules have failed to show a significant improvement in overall survival rates when supplemented with conventional therapies. Therefore, it is essential to identify effective prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers and develop molecular targeted therapies. The JAK/STAT cascade is a principal signal transduction pathway in cytokine and growth factor signaling, regulating various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that dysregulated JAK/STAT signaling is a driving force in the pathogenesis of various solid cancers as well as hematopoietic malignancies. Hence, a large number of preclinical and clinical studies of drugs targeting this pathway are currently underway. Notably, aberrant JAK/STAT signaling has also been implicated in gastric cancers. In this review, we focus on the ongoing research on the JAK/STAT cascade in gastric carcinoma and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting JAK/STAT signaling for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Khanna
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pei Jou Chua
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gyeong Hun Baeg
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 597, Republic of Singapore
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80
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Novel aminotetrazole derivatives as selective STAT3 non-peptide inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:163-74. [PMID: 26352675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of inhibitors blocking STAT3 transcriptional activity is a promising therapeutic approach against cancer and inflammatory diseases. In this context, the selectivity of inhibitors against the STAT1 transcription factor is crucial as STAT3 and STAT1 play opposite roles in the apoptosis of tumor cells and polarization of the immune response. A structure-based virtual screening followed by a luciferase-containing promoter assay on STAT3 and STAT1 signaling were used to identify a selective STAT3 inhibitor. An important role of the aminotetrazole group in modulating STAT3 and STAT1 inhibitory activities has been established. Optimization of the hit compound leads to 23. This compound inhibits growth and survival of cells with STAT3 signaling pathway while displaying a minimal effect on STAT1 signaling. Moreover, it prevents lymphocyte T polarization into Th17 and Treg without affecting their differentiation into Th1 lymphocyte.
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81
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Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancer types in women worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related disease in the USA. SH2 domains recruit signaling proteins to phosphotyrosine residues on aberrantly activated growth factor and cytokine receptors and contribute to cancer cell cycling, metastasis, angiogenesis and so on. Herein we review phosphopeptide mimetic and small-molecule approaches targeting the SH2 domains of Grb2, Grb7 and STAT3 that inhibit their targets and reduce proliferation in in vitro breast cancer models. Only STAT3 inhibitors have been evaluated in in vivo models and have led to tumor reduction. Taken together, these studies suggest that targeting SH2 domains is an important approach to the treatment of breast cancer.
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82
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Chelsky ZL, Yue P, Kondratyuk TP, Paladino D, Pezzuto JM, Cushman M, Turkson J. A Resveratrol Analogue Promotes ERKMAPK-Dependent Stat3 Serine and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Alterations and Antitumor Effects In Vitro against Human Tumor Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:524-33. [PMID: 26138072 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(E)-4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)phenyl acetate (Cmpd1) is a resveratrol analog that preferentially inhibits glioma, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell growth, with IC50 values of 6-19 μM. Notably, the human U251MG glioblastoma tumor line is the most sensitive, with an IC50 of 6.7 μM, compared with normal fibroblasts, which have an IC50 > 20 μM. Treatment of U251MG cells that harbor aberrantly active signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 with Cmpd1 suppresses Stat3 tyrosine705 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in parallel with the induction of pserine727 Stat3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (pErk1/2(MAPK)). Inhibition of pErk1/2(MAPK) induction by the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 [2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one] blocked both the pserine727 Stat3 induction and ptyrosine705 Stat3 suppression by Cmpd1, indicating dependency on the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase-Erk1/2(MAPK) pathway for Cmpd1-induced modulation of Stat3 signaling. Cmpd1 also blocked epidermal growth factor-stimulated pStat1 induction, whereas upregulating pSrc, pAkt, p-p38, pHeat shock protein 27, and pmammalian target of rapamycin levels. However, pJanus kinase 2 and pEpidermal growth factor receptor levels were not significantly altered. Treatment of U251MG cells with Cmpd1 reduced in vitro colony formation, induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and cleavage of caspases 3, 8, and 9 and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase, and suppressed survivin, myeloid cell leukemia 1, Bcl-xL, cyclin D1, and cyclin B1 expression. Taken together, these data identify a novel mechanism for the inhibition of Stat3 signaling by a resveratrol analog and suggest that the preferential growth inhibitory effects of Cmp1 occur in part by Erk1/2(MAPK)-dependent modulation of constitutively active Stat3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Chelsky
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (Z.L.C., P.Y., D.P., J.T.); Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii (T.P.K., J.M.P.); and College of Pharmacy and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.C.)
| | - Peibin Yue
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (Z.L.C., P.Y., D.P., J.T.); Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii (T.P.K., J.M.P.); and College of Pharmacy and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.C.)
| | - Tamara P Kondratyuk
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (Z.L.C., P.Y., D.P., J.T.); Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii (T.P.K., J.M.P.); and College of Pharmacy and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.C.)
| | - David Paladino
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (Z.L.C., P.Y., D.P., J.T.); Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii (T.P.K., J.M.P.); and College of Pharmacy and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.C.)
| | - John M Pezzuto
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (Z.L.C., P.Y., D.P., J.T.); Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii (T.P.K., J.M.P.); and College of Pharmacy and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.C.)
| | - Mark Cushman
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (Z.L.C., P.Y., D.P., J.T.); Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii (T.P.K., J.M.P.); and College of Pharmacy and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.C.)
| | - James Turkson
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (Z.L.C., P.Y., D.P., J.T.); Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii (T.P.K., J.M.P.); and College of Pharmacy and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.C.)
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83
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Yue P, Lopez-Tapia F, Paladino D, Li Y, Chen CH, Namanja AT, Hilliard T, Chen Y, Tius MA, Turkson J. Hydroxamic Acid and Benzoic Acid-Based STAT3 Inhibitors Suppress Human Glioma and Breast Cancer Phenotypes In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancer Res 2015; 76:652-63. [PMID: 26088127 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 offers an attractive target for cancer therapy, but small-molecule inhibitors with appealing pharmacologic properties have been elusive. Here, we report hydroxamic acid-based and benzoic acid-based inhibitors (SH5-07 and SH4-54, respectively) with robust bioactivity. Both inhibitors blocked STAT3 DNA-binding activity in vitro and in human glioma, breast, and prostate cancer cells and in v-Src-transformed murine fibroblasts. STAT3-dependent gene transcription was blocked along with Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, cyclin D1, c-Myc, and survivin expression. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of STAT3-inhibitor complexes defined interactions with the SH2 and DNA-binding domains of STAT3. Ectopic expression of the SH2 domain in cells was sufficient to counter the STAT3-inhibitory effects of SH4-54. Neither compound appreciably affected STAT1 or STAT5 DNA-binding activities, STAT3-independent gene transcription, or activation of a panel of oncogenic kinases in malignant cells. Each compound decreased the proliferation and viability of glioma, breast, and prostate cancer cells and v-Src-transformed murine fibroblasts harboring constitutively active STAT3. Further, in mouse xenograft models of glioma and breast cancer, administration of SH5-07 or SH4-54 effectively inhibited tumor growth. Our results offer preclinical proof of concept for SH5-07 and SH4-54 as candidates for further development as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibin Yue
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Francisco Lopez-Tapia
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - David Paladino
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Chih-Hong Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Andrew T Namanja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Tyvette Hilliard
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Marcus A Tius
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - James Turkson
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an insidious type of cancer with its symptoms manifested upon extensive disease. The overall 5-year survival rates between 0.4 and 4%. Surgical resection is an option for only 10% of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Local recurrence and hepatic metastases occur within 2 years after surgery. There are currently several molecular pathways investigated and novel targeted treatments are on the market. However; the nature of pancreatic cancer with its ability to spread locally in the primary site and lymph nodes indicates that further experimentation with local interventional therapies could be a future treatment proposal as palliative care or adjunct to gene therapy and chemotherapy/radiotherapy. In the current review, we will summarize the molecular pathways and present the interventional treatment options for pancreatic cancer.
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85
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He Y, Guo X, Yu ZH, Wu L, Gunawan AM, Zhang Y, Dixon JE, Zhang ZY. A potent and selective inhibitor for the UBLCP1 proteasome phosphatase. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2798-809. [PMID: 25907364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like domain-containing C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (UBLCP1) has been implicated as a negative regulator of the proteasome, a key mediator in the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. Small molecule inhibitors that block UBLCP1 activity would be valuable as research tools and potential therapeutics for human diseases caused by the cellular accumulation of misfold/damaged proteins. We report a salicylic acid fragment-based library approach aimed at targeting both the phosphatase active site and its adjacent binding pocket for enhanced affinity and selectivity. Screening of the focused libraries led to the identification of the first potent and selective UBLCP1 inhibitor 13. Compound 13 exhibits an IC50 of 1.0μM for UBLCP1 and greater than 5-fold selectivity against a large panel of protein phosphatases from several distinct families. Importantly, the inhibitor possesses efficacious cellular activity and is capable of inhibiting UBLCP1 function in cells, which in turn up-regulates nuclear proteasome activity. These studies set the groundwork for further developing compound 13 into chemical probes or potential therapeutic agents targeting the UBLCP1 phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrea M Gunawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jack E Dixon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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86
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Zhou C, Jiao Y, Wang R, Ren SG, Wawrowsky K, Melmed S. STAT3 upregulation in pituitary somatotroph adenomas induces growth hormone hypersecretion. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1692-702. [PMID: 25774503 DOI: 10.1172/jci78173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary somatotroph adenomas result in dysregulated growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion and acromegaly; however, regulatory mechanisms that promote GH hypersecretion remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence that STAT3 directly induces somatotroph tumor cell GH. Evaluation of pituitary tumors revealed that STAT3 expression was enhanced in human GH-secreting adenomas compared with that in nonsecreting pituitary tumors. Moreover, STAT3 and GH expression were concordant in a somatotroph adenoma tissue array. Promoter and expression analysis in a GH-secreting rat cell line (GH3) revealed that STAT3 specifically binds the Gh promoter and induces transcription. Stable expression of STAT3 in GH3 cells induced expression of endogenous GH, and expression of a constitutively active STAT3 further enhanced GH production. Conversely, expression of dominant-negative STAT3 abrogated GH expression. In primary human somatotroph adenoma-derived cell cultures, STAT3 suppression with the specific inhibitor S3I-201 attenuated GH transcription and reduced GH secretion in the majority of derivative cultures. In addition, S3I-201 attenuated somatotroph tumor growth and GH secretion in a rat xenograft model. GH induced STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, indicating a positive feedback loop between STAT3 and GH in somatotroph tumor cells. Together, these results indicate that adenoma GH hypersecretion is the result of STAT3-dependent GH induction, which in turn promotes STAT3 expression, and suggest STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target for pituitary somatotroph adenomas.
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87
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Kim KH, Park YJ, Chung KH, Yip MLR, Clardy J, Senger D, Cao S. Iridoid glycosides from Barleria lupulina. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:320-324. [PMID: 25611215 DOI: 10.1021/np500791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of an extract of the aerial part of Barleria lupulina resulted in the identification of four new iridoid glycosides (1-4), together with 14 known analogues (5-18). The structures of 1-4 were determined through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis, HRMS, and acid hydrolysis. This is the first report of iridoid glycosides with a formate group. The free-radical scavenging activity of compounds 9, 12, and 15-17 was assessed using the DPPH assay. Compounds 16 and 17 scavenged DPPH radicals weakly with IC50 values of 97.5 and 78.6 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
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88
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Szelag M, Czerwoniec A, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. Identification of STAT1 and STAT3 specific inhibitors using comparative virtual screening and docking validation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116688. [PMID: 25710482 PMCID: PMC4339377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) facilitate action of cytokines, growth factors and pathogens. STAT activation is mediated by a highly conserved SH2 domain, which interacts with phosphotyrosine motifs for specific STAT-receptor contacts and STAT dimerization. The active dimers induce gene transcription in the nucleus by binding to a specific DNA-response element in the promoter of target genes. Abnormal activation of STAT signaling pathways is implicated in many human diseases, like cancer, inflammation and auto-immunity. Searches for STAT-targeting compounds, exploring the phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-SH2 interaction site, yielded many small molecules for STAT3 but sparsely for other STATs. However, many of these inhibitors seem not STAT3-specific, thereby questioning the present modeling and selection strategies of SH2 domain-based STAT inhibitors. We generated new 3D structure models for all human (h)STATs and developed a comparative in silico docking strategy to obtain further insight into STAT-SH2 cross-binding specificity of a selection of previously identified STAT3 inhibitors. Indeed, by primarily targeting the highly conserved pTyr-SH2 binding pocket the majority of these compounds exhibited similar binding affinity and tendency scores for all STATs. By comparative screening of a natural product library we provided initial proof for the possibility to identify STAT1 as well as STAT3-specific inhibitors, introducing the ‘STAT-comparative binding affinity value’ and ‘ligand binding pose variation’ as selection criteria. In silico screening of a multi-million clean leads (CL) compound library for binding of all STATs, likewise identified potential specific inhibitors for STAT1 and STAT3 after docking validation. Based on comparative virtual screening and docking validation, we developed a novel STAT inhibitor screening tool that allows identification of specific STAT1 and STAT3 inhibitory compounds. This could increase our understanding of the functional role of these STATs in different diseases and benefit the clinical need for more drugable STAT inhibitors with high specificity, potency and excellent bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Szelag
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Czerwoniec
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hans A. R. Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- * E-mail:
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89
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Daka P, Liu A, Karunaratne C, Csatary E, Williams C, Xiao H, Lin J, Xu Z, Page RC, Wang H. Design, synthesis and evaluation of XZH-5 analogues as STAT3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1348-55. [PMID: 25698618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the signaling pathways of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3) has shown to be a promising strategy to combat cancer. In this paper we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel class of small molecule inhibitors, that is, XZH-5 and its analogues, as promising leads for further development of STAT3 inhibitors. Preliminary SARs was established for XZH-5 and its derivatives; and the binding modes were predicted by molecular docking. Lead compounds with IC50 as low as 6.5μM in breast cancer cell lines and 7.6μM in pancreatic cancer cell lines were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philias Daka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Aiguo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, PR China
| | - Chamini Karunaratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Erika Csatary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Cameron Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Hui Xiao
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhenghu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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Yco LP, Mocz G, Opoku-Ansah J, Bachmann AS. Withaferin A Inhibits STAT3 and Induces Tumor Cell Death in Neuroblastoma and Multiple Myeloma. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2014; 7:1-13. [PMID: 25452693 PMCID: PMC4226392 DOI: 10.4137/bci.s18863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor that has been implicated in many human cancers and has emerged as an ideal target for cancer therapy. Withaferin A (WFA) is a natural product with promising antiproliferative properties through its association with a number of molecular targets including STAT3. However, the effect of WFA in pediatric neuroblastoma (NB) and its interaction with STAT3 have not been reported. In this study, we found that WFA effectively induces dose-dependent cell death in high-risk and drug-resistant NB as well as multiple myeloma (MM) tumor cells, prevented interleukin-6 (IL-6)–mediated and persistently activated STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705, and blocked the transcriptional activity of STAT3. We further provide computational models that show that WFA binds STAT3 near the Y705 phospho-tyrosine residue of the STAT3 Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, suggesting that WFA prevents STAT3 dimer formation similar to BP-1-102, a well-established STAT3 inhibitor. Our findings propose that the antitumor activity of WFA is mediated at least in part through inhibition of STAT3 and provide a rationale for further drug development and clinical use in NB and MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette P Yco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Gabor Mocz
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - John Opoku-Ansah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, USA
| | - André S Bachmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. ; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, USA
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91
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O'Sullivan KE, Reynolds JV, O'Hanlon C, O'Sullivan JN, Lysaght J. Could signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 be a therapeutic target in obesity-related gastrointestinal malignancy? J Gastrointest Cancer 2014; 45:1-11. [PMID: 24163144 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-013-9555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large body of evidence has implicated the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family and particularly the ubiquitously expressed STAT3 protein in the pathogenesis of colorectal, hepatocellular, gastric and pancreatic carcinoma. DISCUSSION Concomitantly, an increasing body of epidemiological evidence has linked obesity and its associated pro-inflammatory state with the development of gastrointestinal cancers. Visceral adipose tissue is no longer considered inert and is known to secrete a number of adipocytokines such as leptin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) into the surrounding environment. Interestingly, these adipocytokines are strongly linked with the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway of signal transduction and there is experimental evidence linking IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α to JAK/STAT signaling in other tissues. The result is an up-regulation of a wide range of anti-apoptotic, pro-metastatic and pro-angiogenic genes and processes. This is particularly relevant for gastrointestinal malignancy as these factors have the potential to signal adjacent endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. CONCLUSION This review examines the potential role of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of obesity-related gastrointestinal malignancy and the potential therapeutic role of STAT3 blockade given its status as a signaling hub for a number of inflammatory adipocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland,
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92
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Xiao H, Bid HK, Jou D, Wu X, Yu W, Li C, Houghton PJ, Lin J. A novel small molecular STAT3 inhibitor, LY5, inhibits cell viability, cell migration, and angiogenesis in medulloblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3418-29. [PMID: 25313399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is persistently activated and could contribute to tumorigenesis of medulloblastoma. Numerous studies have demonstrated that inhibition of the persistent STAT3 signaling pathway results in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in human cancer cells, indicating that STAT3 is a viable molecular target for cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated a novel non-peptide, cell-permeable small molecule, named LY5, to target STAT3 in medulloblastoma cells. LY5 inhibited persistent STAT3 phosphorylation and induced apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cell lines expressing constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation. The inhibition of STAT3 signaling by LY5 was confirmed by down-regulating the expression of the downstream targets of STAT3, including cyclin D1, bcl-XL, survivin, and micro-RNA-21. LY5 also inhibited the induction of STAT3 phosphorylation by interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, and leukemia inhibitory factor in medulloblastoma cells, but did not inhibit STAT1 and STAT5 phosphorylation stimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and EGF, respectively. In addition, LY5 blocked the STAT3 nuclear localization induced by IL-6, but did not block STAT1 and STAT5 nuclear translocation mediated by IFN-γ and EGF, respectively. A combination of LY5 with cisplatin or x-ray radiation also showed more potent effects than single treatment alone in the inhibition of cell viability in human medulloblastoma cells. Furthermore, LY5 demonstrated a potent inhibitory activity on cell migration and angiogenesis. Taken together, these findings indicate LY5 inhibits persistent and inducible STAT3 phosphorylation and suggest that LY5 is a promising therapeutic drug candidate for medulloblastoma by inhibiting persistent STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- From the Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - Hemant Kumar Bid
- From the Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - David Jou
- From the Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - Wenying Yu
- the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Chenglong Li
- the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Peter J Houghton
- From the Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
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93
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Resetca D, Haftchenary S, Gunning PT, Wilson DJ. Changes in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dynamics induced by complexation with pharmacological inhibitors of Src homology 2 (SH2) domain dimerization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32538-47. [PMID: 25288792 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is dysregulated in a number of hematological and solid malignancies. Development of pharmacological STAT3 Src homology 2 (SH2) domain interaction inhibitors holds great promise for cancer therapy, and a novel class of salicylic acid-based STAT3 dimerization inhibitors that includes orally bioavailable drug candidates has been recently developed. The compounds SF-1-066 and BP-1-102 are predicted to bind to the STAT3 SH2 domain. However, given the highly unstructured and dynamic nature of the SH2 domain, experimental confirmation of this prediction was elusive. We have interrogated the protein-ligand interaction of STAT3 with these small molecule inhibitors by means of time-resolved electrospray ionization hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Analysis of site-specific evolution of deuterium uptake induced by the complexation of STAT3 with SF-1-066 or BP-1-102 under physiological conditions enabled the mapping of the in silico predicted inhibitor binding site to the STAT3 SH2 domain. The binding of both inhibitors to the SH2 domain resulted in significant local decreases in dynamics, consistent with solvent exclusion at the inhibitor binding site and increased rigidity of the inhibitor-complexed SH2 domain. Interestingly, inhibitor binding induced hot spots of allosteric perturbations outside of the SH2 domain, manifesting mainly as increased deuterium uptake, in regions of STAT3 important for DNA binding and nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Resetca
- From the Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada and
| | - Sina Haftchenary
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Derek J Wilson
- From the Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada and
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94
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Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor of STAT3 by ligand-based pharmacophore screening. Methods 2014; 71:38-43. [PMID: 25160651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 modulates the transcription of a wide variety of regulatory genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and other critical cellular functions. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been detected in a wide spectrum of human malignancies. A pharmacophore model constructed from a training set of STAT3 inhibitors binding to the SH2 domain was used to screen an in-house database of compounds, from which azepine 1 emerged as a top candidate. Compound 1 inhibited STAT3 DNA-binding activity in vitro and attenuated STAT3-directed transcription in cellulo with comparable potency to the well-known STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201. A fluorescence polarization assay revealed that compound 1 targeted the SH2 domain of STAT3. Furthermore, compound 1 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation in cells without affecting the total expression of STAT3. This study also validates the use of pharmacophore modeling to identify inhibitors of protein-protein interactions.
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95
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Eiring AM, Page BDG, Kraft IL, Mason CC, Vellore NA, Resetca D, Zabriskie MS, Zhang TY, Khorashad JS, Engar AJ, Reynolds KR, Anderson DJ, Senina A, Pomicter AD, Arpin CC, Ahmad S, Heaton WL, Tantravahi SK, Todic A, Moriggl R, Wilson DJ, Baron R, O'Hare T, Gunning PT, Deininger MW. Combined STAT3 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition induces synthetic lethality in therapy-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 29:586-597. [PMID: 25134459 PMCID: PMC4334758 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain are an established mechanism of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia, but fail to explain many cases of clinical TKI failure. In contrast, it is largely unknown why some patients fail TKI therapy despite continued suppression of BCR-ABL1 kinase activity, a situation termed BCRABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance. Here, we identified activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by extrinsic or intrinsic mechanisms as an essential feature of BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance. By combining synthetic chemistry, in vitro reporter assays, and molecular dynamics-guided rational inhibitor design and high-throughput screening, we discovered BP-5-087, a potent and selective STAT3 SH2 domain inhibitor that reduces STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear transactivation. Computational simulations, fluorescence polarization assays, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange assays establish direct engagement of STAT3 by BP-5-087 and provide a high-resolution view of the STAT3 SH2 domain/BP-5-087 interface. In primary cells from CML patients with BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance, BP-5-087 (1.0 μM) restored TKI sensitivity to therapy-resistant CML progenitor cells, including leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Our findings implicate STAT3 as a critical signaling node in BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance, and suggest that BP-5-087 has clinical utility for treating malignancies characterized by STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Eiring
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brent D G Page
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ira L Kraft
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Clinton C Mason
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nadeem A Vellore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Diana Resetca
- York University Chemistry Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew S Zabriskie
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tian Y Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alexander J Engar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kimberly R Reynolds
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David J Anderson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anna Senina
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anthony D Pomicter
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carolynn C Arpin
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shazia Ahmad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William L Heaton
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Aleksandra Todic
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Wilson
- York University Chemistry Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riccardo Baron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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96
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Shin D, Arthur G, Popescu M, Korkin D, Shyu CR. Uncovering influence links in molecular knowledge networks to streamline personalized medicine. J Biomed Inform 2014; 52:394-405. [PMID: 25150201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We developed Resource Description Framework (RDF)-induced InfluGrams (RIIG) - an informatics formalism to uncover complex relationships among biomarker proteins and biological pathways using the biomedical knowledge bases. We demonstrate an application of RIIG in morphoproteomics, a theranostic technique aimed at comprehensive analysis of protein circuitries to design effective therapeutic strategies in personalized medicine setting. METHODS RIIG uses an RDF "mashup" knowledge base that integrates publicly available pathway and protein data with ontologies. To mine for RDF-induced Influence Links, RIIG introduces notions of RDF relevancy and RDF collider, which mimic conditional independence and "explaining away" mechanism in probabilistic systems. Using these notions and constraint-based structure learning algorithms, the formalism generates the morphoproteomic diagrams, which we call InfluGrams, for further analysis by experts. RESULTS RIIG was able to recover up to 90% of predefined influence links in a simulated environment using synthetic data and outperformed a naïve Monte Carlo sampling of random links. In clinical cases of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma, a significant level of concordance between the RIIG-generated and expert-built morphoproteomic diagrams was observed. In a clinical case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, RIIG allowed selection of alternative therapeutic targets, the validity of which was supported by a systematic literature review. We have also illustrated an ability of RIIG to discover novel influence links in the general case of the ALL. CONCLUSIONS Applications of the RIIG formalism demonstrated its potential to uncover patient-specific complex relationships among biological entities to find effective drug targets in a personalized medicine setting. We conclude that RIIG provides an effective means not only to streamline morphoproteomic studies, but also to bridge curated biomedical knowledge and causal reasoning with the clinical data in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Shin
- University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Columbia, MO 65212, United States; University of Missouri, Graduate School, MU Informatics Institute, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Gerald Arthur
- University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Columbia, MO 65212, United States; University of Missouri, Graduate School, MU Informatics Institute, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Mihail Popescu
- University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Department of Health Management and Informatics, Columbia, MO 65212, United States; University of Missouri, Graduate School, MU Informatics Institute, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; University of Missouri, College of Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Dmitry Korkin
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Computer Science, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Math, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - Chi-Ren Shyu
- University of Missouri, Graduate School, MU Informatics Institute, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; University of Missouri, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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97
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Dual-inhibitors of STAT5 and STAT3: studies from molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2399. [PMID: 25098340 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although molecularly targeted therapy with imatinib has improved treatments of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), clinical resistance gradually develops in patients with accelerated or blast phase CML. The inability of imatinib to cure CML suggests that inactivation of BCR-ABL kinase activity alone is not sufficient to control the disease. Aberrant STAT signaling and constitutive STAT5 or STAT3 activation are frequently found in both acute and chronic leukemia. Constitutive activation of STAT5 and STAT3 are associated with imatinib resistance on leukemia cells. Development of drugs targeting SH2 domains of STAT5 and STAT3 provides a novel strategy for the treatment of the imatinib-resistant CML. Here, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the interactions of the drugs targeting STAT3 and STAT5 receptors at molecular level. The calculated binding free energies are consistent with the ranking of the experimental affinities and our simulations also explained their differences in binding energy. Then virtual screening based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics was applied to screen a set of ~1500 compounds for dual inhibitors of the SH2 domains of STAT5 and STAT3. Three top score compounds obtained in virtual screening were compound 660, 304, and 561. Results show that the three predicted dual-inhibitors are well fitted within the two binding domains and are predicted to present improved STAT5 and STAT3 SH2 inhibitory activity.
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98
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Helim•Resalat, Abduwayit•Resalat, Upur•Halmurat, Wang YJ, Abdurhem•Ayupjan, Mamtimin•Imam, Bakri•Iskandar. Expression of p53, p21, STAT3 and Cyclin D1 in cirrhosis phase of hepatocarcinoma in a rat model carrying abnormal savda. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3083-3087. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i21.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of cell-cycle related proteins p53, p21, STAT3 and Cyclin D1 in the cirrhosis phase of hepatocarcinoma in a rat model carrying abnormal savda.
METHODS: According to the theory of Uyghur medicine, a rat model of abnormal savda was created, and on this basis, DEN was used to induce cirrhosis to result in a rat model of hepatocarcinoma carrying abnormal savda. Liver specimens were taken to detect the expression of p53, p21, STAT3 and Cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Compared with normal control rats, the expression levels of p53, p21, STAT3 and Cyclin D1 were significantly up-regulated in rats with simple hepatocellular carcinoma and those with hepatocarcinoma carrying abnormal savda (P < 0.01). Compared with rats with simple hepatocellular carcinoma, the expression levels of p53, p21, STAT3 and Cyclin D1 were significantly higher in rats with hepatocarcinoma carrying abnormal savda (P < 0.05)
CONCLUSION: Abnormal savda may up-regulate the expression of p53, p21, STAT3 and Cyclin D1 and affect cell cycle progression, thus accelerates the occurrent and development of hepatocirrhosis.
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99
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STAT3 inhibitor NSC74859 radiosensitizes esophageal cancer via the downregulation of HIF-1α. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9793-9. [PMID: 24981247 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the main therapy for inoperable and locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, radioresistance in ESCC remains a challenge. The aim of this study is to investigate the radiosensitizing effects of STAT3 inhibitor NSC74859 on ESCC and explore the underlying mechanisms. ECA109 and TE13 cells were exposed to hypoxia, and treated with NSC74859 or radiation, alone or in combination. Cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) were examined. Nude mice model of ECA109 xenograft was treated with radiation and/or NSC74859. The levels of STAT3, p-STAT3, HIF-1α, and VEGF were detected by Western blot analysis. NSC74859 efficiently radiosensitized ESCC cells and xenografts in nude mice, and inhibited hypoxia-/radiation-induced activation of STAT3 and upregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF expression. NSC74859 confers radiosensitivity in ESCC via the inhibition of STAT3 activation and the downregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF expression. NSC74859 may become a promising radiosensitizer for ESCC radiotherapy.
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100
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Withacnistin inhibits recruitment of STAT3 and STAT5 to growth factor and cytokine receptors and induces regression of breast tumours. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:894-902. [PMID: 24983364 PMCID: PMC4150266 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The binding of STAT3 and STAT5 to growth factor and cytokine receptors such as EGFR and IL-6 receptor gp130 is critical to their activation and ability to contribute to malignant transformation. Therefore, interfering with these biochemical processes could lead to the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, microscopy, DNA binding, invasion, and soft agar assays as well as a mouse model were used to investigate the mechanism by which the natural product Withacnistin (Wit) inhibits STAT 3/5 tyrosine phosphoryaltion and activation. Results: Wit blocks EGF- and IL-6-stimulated binding of STAT3 and STAT5 to EGFR and gp130. Wit inhibits EGF-, PDGF-, IL-6-, IFNβ-, and GM-CSF-stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 but not of EGFR or PDGFR. The inhibition of P-STAT3 and P-STAT5 occurred rapidly, within minutes of Wit treatment and growth factor stimulation. Wit also inhibits STAT3 nuclear translocation, DNA binding, promoter transcriptional activation, and it suppresses the expression levels of STAT3 target genes such as Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Finally, Wit induces apoptosis, inhibits anchorage-dependent and -independent growth and invasion, and causes breast tumour regression in an ErbB2-driven transgenic mouse model. Conclusions: These data warrant further development of Wit as a novel anticancer drug for targeting tumours that harbour hyperactivated STAT3 and STAT5.
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