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Alim Al-Bari A, Ito Y, Thomes PG, Menon MB, García-Macia M, Fadel R, Stadlin A, Peake N, Faris ME, Eid N, Klionsky DJ. Emerging mechanistic insights of selective autophagy in hepatic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1149809. [PMID: 37007026 PMCID: PMC10060854 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1149809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a highly conserved metabolic process, regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional cytosolic constituents and invading pathogens via the lysosomal system. In addition, autophagy selectively recycles specific organelles such as damaged mitochondria (via mitophagy), and lipid droplets (LDs; via lipophagy) or eliminates specialized intracellular pathogenic microorganisms such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and coronaviruses (via virophagy). Selective autophagy, particularly mitophagy, plays a key role in the preservation of healthy liver physiology, and its dysfunction is connected to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of liver diseases. For example, lipophagy has emerged as a defensive mechanism against chronic liver diseases. There is a prominent role for mitophagy and lipophagy in hepatic pathologies including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and drug-induced liver injury. Moreover, these selective autophagy pathways including virophagy are being investigated in the context of viral hepatitis and, more recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hepatic pathologies. The interplay between diverse types of selective autophagy and its impact on liver diseases is briefly addressed. Thus, modulating selective autophagy (e.g., mitophagy) would seem to be effective in improving liver diseases. Considering the prominence of selective autophagy in liver physiology, this review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functions of selective autophagy (mainly mitophagy and lipophagy) in liver physiology and pathophysiology. This may help in finding therapeutic interventions targeting hepatic diseases via manipulation of selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Alim Al-Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul G. Thomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Manoj B. Menon
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Marina García-Macia
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raouf Fadel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Al Manama, Bahrain
| | - Alfreda Stadlin
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman university, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nicholas Peake
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - MoezAlIslam Ezzat Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Nabil Eid,
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of MI, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Advanced Bioinformatics Analysis and Genetic Technologies for Targeting Autophagy in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060897. [PMID: 36980238 PMCID: PMC10047676 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues to carry a poor prognosis. GBM is characterized by cytoprotective homeostatic processes such as the activation of autophagy, capability to confer therapeutic resistance, evasion of apoptosis, and survival strategy even in the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. The current gold standard of therapy, which involves radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), has been a game-changer for patients with GBM, relatively improving both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); however, TMZ is now well-known to upregulate undesirable cytoprotective autophagy, limiting its therapeutic efficacy for induction of apoptosis in GBM cells. The identification of targets utilizing bioinformatics-driven approaches, advancement of modern molecular biology technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)—CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) or CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and usage of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of gene expression led to the selection of many novel targets for new therapeutic development and the creation of promising combination therapies. This review explores the current state of advanced bioinformatics analysis and genetic technologies and their utilization for synergistic combination with TMZ in the context of inhibition of autophagy for controlling the growth of GBM.
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Chang J, Wu H, Wu J, Liu M, Zhang W, Hu Y, Zhang X, Xu J, Li L, Yu P, Zhu J. Constructing a novel mitochondrial-related gene signature for evaluating the tumor immune microenvironment and predicting survival in stomach adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:191. [PMID: 36915111 PMCID: PMC10012538 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer ranks fifth and fourth worldwide among all malignancies, respectively. Accumulating evidences have revealed the close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and the initiation and progression of stomach cancer. However, rare prognostic models for mitochondrial-related gene risk have been built up in stomach cancer. METHODS In current study, the expression and prognostic value of mitochondrial-related genes in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) patients were systematically analyzed to establish a mitochondrial-related risk model based on available TCGA and GEO databases. The tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, tumor mutation burden, and drug sensitivity of gastric adenocarcinoma patients were also investigated using R language, GraphPad Prism 8 and online databases. RESULTS We established a mitochondrial-related risk prognostic model including NOX4, ALDH3A2, FKBP10 and MAOA and validated its predictive power. This risk model indicated that the immune cell infiltration in high-risk group was significantly different from that in the low-risk group. Besides, the risk score was closely related to TME signature genes and immune checkpoint molecules, suggesting that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment might lead to poor prognosis in high-risk groups. Moreover, TIDE analysis demonstrated that combined analysis of risk score and immune score, or stromal score, or microsatellite status could more effectively predict the benefit of immunotherapy in STAD patients with different stratifications. Finally, rapamycin, PD-0325901 and dasatinib were found to be more effective for patients in the high-risk group, whereas AZD7762, CEP-701 and methotrexate were predicted to be more effective for patients in the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the mitochondrial-related risk model could be a reliable prognostic biomarker for personalized treatment of STAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Research of Deyang, Deyang, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Lin HY, Wu HJ, Chu PY. Multi-omics and experimental analysis unveil theragnostic value and immunological roles of inner membrane mitochondrial protein (IMMT) in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:189. [PMID: 36899366 PMCID: PMC9999521 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inner membrane mitochondrial protein (IMMT) is a central unit of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS). While researchers continue to demonstrate the physiological function of IMMT in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and preserving mitochondrial structural integrity, the roles of IMMT in clinicopathology, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and precision oncology in breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. METHODS Multi-omics analysis was used here to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of IMMT. Web applications aimed at analyzing the whole tumor tissue, single cells, and spatial transcriptomics were used to examine the relationship of IMMT with TIME. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to determine the primary biological impact of IMMT. Experimental verification using siRNA knockdown and clinical specimens of BC patients confirmed the mechanisms behind IMMT on BC cells and the clinical significance, respectively. Potent drugs were identified by accessing the data repositories of CRISPR-based drug screenings. RESULTS High IMMT expression served as an independent diagnostic biomarker, correlated with advanced clinical status, and indicated a poor relapse-free survival (RFS) rate for patients with BC. Although, the contents of Th1, Th2, MSC, macrophages, basophil, CD4 + T cell and B cell, and TMB levels counteracted the prognostic significance. Single-cell level and whole-tissue level analyses revealed that high IMMT was associated with an immunosuppressive TIME. GSEA identified IMMT perturbation as involved in cell cycle progression and mitochondrial antioxidant defenses. Experimental knockdown of IMMT impeded the migration and viability of BC cells, arrested the cell cycle, disturbed mitochondrial function, and increased the ROS level and lipid peroxidation. The clinical values of IMMT were amenable to ethnic Chinese BC patients, and can be extrapolated to some other cancer types. Furthermore, we discovered that pyridostatin acted as a potent drug candidate in BC cells harboring an elevated IMMT expression. CONCLUSION This study combined a multi-omics survey with experimental verification to reveal the novel clinical significance of IMMT in BC, demonstrating its role in TIME, cancer cell growth and mitochondrial fitness, and identified pyridostatin as a promising drug candidate for the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Lin
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ju Wu
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.,Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan. .,Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua, 510, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
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55
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CPNE1 regulates myogenesis through the PERK-eIF2α pathway mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:545-560. [PMID: 36525128 PMCID: PMC9974702 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive reduction in muscle mass or muscle physiological function associated with aging, but the relevant molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we identify the role of the myogenesis modifier CPNE1 in sarcopenia. CPNE1 is upregulated in aged skeletal muscles and young skeletal muscle satellite cells with palmitate-induced atrophy. The overexpression of CPNE1 hinders proliferation and differentiation and increases muscle atrophy characteristics in young skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells. In addition, CPNE1 overexpression disrupts the balance of mitochondrial fusion and division and causes endoplasmic reticulum stress. We found that the effects of CPNE1 on mitochondrial function are dependent on the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway. The overexpression of CPNE1 in young muscles alters membrane lipid composition, reduces skeletal muscle fibrosis regeneration, and exercise capacity in mice. These effects were reversed by PERK inhibitor GSK2606414. Moreover, immunoprecipitation indicates that CPNE1 overexpression greatly increased the acetylation of PERK. Therefore, CPNE1 is an important modifier that drives mitochondrial homeostasis to regulate myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation via the PERK-eIF2α pathway, which could be a valuable target for age-related sarcopenia.
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56
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De Rasmo D, Cormio A, Cormio G, Signorile A. Ovarian Cancer: A Landscape of Mitochondria with Emphasis on Mitochondrial Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021224. [PMID: 36674740 PMCID: PMC9865899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the main cause of death from gynecological malignancies in western countries. Altered cellular and mitochondrial metabolism are considered hallmarks in cancer disease. Several mitochondrial aspects have been found altered in OC, such as the oxidative phosphorylation system, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics includes cristae remodeling, fusion, and fission processes forming a dynamic mitochondrial network. Alteration of mitochondrial dynamics is associated with metabolic change in tumour development and, in particular, the mitochondrial shaping proteins appear also to be responsible for the chemosensitivity and/or chemoresistance in OC. In this review a focus on the mitochondrial dynamics in OC cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Rasmo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Cormio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Kozubek M, Denner TC, Eckert M, Hoenke S, Csuk R. On the influence of the rhodamine substituents onto the cytotoxicity of mitocanic maslinic acid rhodamine conjugates. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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58
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Wu Z, Bian Y, Chu T, Wang Y, Man S, Song Y, Wang Z. The role of angiogenesis in melanoma: Clinical treatments and future expectations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028647. [PMID: 36588679 PMCID: PMC9797529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly over the past few decades, with mortality accounting for more than 75% of all skin cancers. The high metastatic potential of Melanoma is an essential factor in its high mortality. Vascular angiogenic system has been proved to be crucial for the metastasis of melanoma. An in-depth understanding of angiogenesis will be of great benefit to melanoma treatment and may promote the development of melanoma therapies. This review summarizes the recent advances and challenges of anti-angiogenic agents, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, human recombinant Endostatin, and traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We hope to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms, clinical research progress, and future research directions of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Wu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yifei Bian
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuman Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Man
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
| | - Yongmei Song
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
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Bastian PE, Daca A, Płoska A, Kuban-Jankowska A, Kalinowski L, Gorska-Ponikowska M. 2-Methoxyestradiol Damages DNA in Glioblastoma Cells by Regulating nNOS and Heat Shock Proteins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2013. [PMID: 36290736 PMCID: PMC9598669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), accounting for over fifty percent of all primary intracranial neoplasms. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent form of malignant glioma and is often incurable. The main distinguishing trait of GBM is the presence of hypoxic regions accompanied by enhanced angiogenesis. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is a well-established antiangiogenic and antiproliferative drug. In current clinical studies, 2-ME, known as Panzem, was examined for breast, ovarian, prostate, and multiple myeloma. The SW1088 grade III glioma cell line was treated with pharmacological and physiological doses of 2-ME. The induction of apoptosis and necrosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial membrane potential were established by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy was used to detect DNA damage. The Western blot technique determined the level of nitric oxide synthase and heat shock proteins. Here, for the first time, 2-ME is shown to induce nitro-oxidative stress with the concomitant modulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the SW1088 grade III glioma cell line. Crucial therapeutic strategies for GMB should address both cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and due to the above, 2-ME seems to be a perfect candidate for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, 90139 Palermo, Italy
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Cheng X, Li Y, Liu F. Prognostic impact of mitofusin 2 expression in colon cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 11:3610-3619. [PMID: 36388028 PMCID: PMC9641083 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is involved in several biological processes, including cancer. MFN2 is downregulated in some types of cancer and inhibits cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the relationship between MFN2 and colon cancer remains unknown. METHODS In this study, MFN2 expression was investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and the associations between prognostic factors and survival outcomes were assessed via univariate and multivariate analyses. Functional enrichment analyses based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) resource and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were carried out. RESULTS MFN2 was downregulated in colon cancer tissues compared with paracancerous colon tissues (P<0.001), and low MFN2 expression was associated with an advanced tumor stage (stage IV vs. stage I, P=0.03; stage I-III vs. stage IV, P=0.003). MFN2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was medium to high in colon normal tissues, but MFN2 IHC staining was faint or not identified in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor tissues. MFN2 expression was either low or non-existent in colon cancer distinct cell clusters, according to differential gene analysis. Univariate analysis revealed that MFN2 expression in colon cancer patients was significantly associated with the stage [odds ratio (OR) =0.29 for stage IV vs. stage I, P=0.001], T-stage (OR =0.20 for T4 vs. T1, P=0.033), and distant metastasis (OR =0.31 for M1 vs. M0, P=0.000). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with colon cancer and high MFN2 expression have a better prognosis than those with low MFN2 expression (P=0.002). MFN2 (hazard ratio =0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.92-0.99, P=0.007) was an independent predictor of colon cancer according to univariate and multivariate Cox models. Finally, GSEA results showed that the KEGG GALACTOSE METABOLISM, APOPTOSIS, and VEGF SIGNALING pathways were activated in the high MFN2 mRNA expression group, whereas the KEGG RIBOSOME pathway was inhibited in the low MFN2 expression group. CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed MFN2 to be a promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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61
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Targeting Ca2+ and Mitochondrial Homeostasis by Antipsychotic Thioridazine in Leukemia Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101477. [PMID: 36294912 PMCID: PMC9605445 DOI: 10.3390/life12101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have pivotal roles in cellular physiology including energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. Altered mitochondrial morphology and function is a common feature of cancer cells and the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis has been identified as a key to the response to chemotherapeutic agents in human leukemias. Here, we explore the mechanistic aspects of cytotoxicity produced by thioridazine (TR), an antipsychotic drug that has been investigated for its anticancer potential in human leukemia cellular models. TR exerts selective cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells in vitro. A PCR array provided a general view of the expression of genes involved in cell death pathways. TR immediately produced a pulse of cytosolic Ca2+, followed by mitochondrial uptake, resulting in mitochondrial permeabilization, caspase 9/3 activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Ca2+ chelators, thiol reducer dithiothreitol, or CHOP knockdown prevented TR-induced cell death. TR also exhibited potent cytotoxicity against BCL-2/BCL-xL-overexpressing leukemia cells. Additionally, previous studies have shown that TR exhibits potent antitumor activity in vivo in different solid tumor models. These findings show that TR induces a Ca2+-mediated apoptosis with involvement of mitochondrial permeabilization and ER stress in leukemia and it emphasizes the pharmacological potential of TR as an adjuvant in antitumor chemotherapy.
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m6A RNA methylation-mediated NDUFA4 promotes cell proliferation and metabolism in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:715. [PMID: 35977935 PMCID: PMC9385701 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis. NDUFA4 is reported to correlate with the progression of GC. However, its underlying mechanism in GC is unknown. Our study was to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of NDUFA4 in GC. NDUFA4 expression was explored in single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data as well as GC tissue microarray. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were estimated by oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate, respectively. The interaction between NDUFA4 and METTL3 was validated by RNA immunoprecipitation. Flow cytometry was used to estimate cell cycle, apoptosis and mitochondrial activities. NDUFA4 was highly expressed in GC and its high expression indicated a poor prognosis. The knockdown of NDUFA4 could reduce cell proliferation and inhibit tumor growth. Meanwhile, NDUFA4 could promote glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in GC cells, whereas the inhibition of glycolysis suppressed the proliferation and tumor growth of GC. Besides, NDUFA4 inhibited ROS level and promoted MMP level in GC cells, whereas the inhibition of mitochondrial fission could reverse NDUFA4-induced glycolytic and oxidative metabolism and tumor growth of GC. Additionally, METTL3 could increase the m6A level of NDUFA4 mRNA via the m6A reader IGF2BP1 to promote NDUFA4 expression in GC cells. Our study revealed that NDUFA4 was increased by m6A methylation and could promote GC development via enhancing cell glycolysis and mitochondrial fission. NDUFA4 was a potential target for GC treatment.
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Sant'Ana MSP, de Cáceres CVBL, Lima LA, Soares CD, Radhakrishnan R, Gomez RS, Vargas PA, Fonseca FP. EXPRESSION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMIC MARKERS IN ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:702-709. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sissa Pereira Sant'Ana
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Ambrosio Lima
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Ciro Dantas Soares
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Yu M, Qin J, Ye B, Wang Q. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Liver Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3156-3165. [PMID: 35877442 PMCID: PMC9319137 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are generally considered the powerhouse of the cell, a small subcellular organelle that produces most of the cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, mitochondria are involved in various biological functions, such as biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cell signal transduction, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is manifested in different aspects, like increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, abnormal mitophagy, as well as changes in mitochondrial morphology and structure. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the occurrence and development of various chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), alcoholic fatty liver (AFL), and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). In this review, we summarize and discuss the role and mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic liver disease, focusing on and discussing some of the latest studies on mitochondria and chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yabin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jianru Qin
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Bingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
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Gao XY, Yang T, Gu Y, Sun XH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:885500. [PMID: 35795234 PMCID: PMC9250984 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.885500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders worldwide. There are currently no cures or preventative treatments for PD. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with pathogenesis of sporadic and familial PD. Because dopaminergic neurons have high energy demand, cells affected by PD exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction that promotes the disease-defining the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The mitochondrion has a particularly important role as the cellular “powerhouse” of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, mitochondria have become a promising therapeutic target for PD treatments. This review aims to describe mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathology of PD, outline the genes associated with familial PD and the factors related to sporadic PD, summarize current knowledge on mitochondrial quality control in PD, and give an overview of therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondria in neuroprotective interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Sun,
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Ding M, Shi R, Cheng S, Li M, De D, Liu C, Gu X, Li J, Zhang S, Jia M, Fan R, Pei J, Fu F. Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity with enhancing its anticancer activity through metabolic switch. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102311. [PMID: 35413642 PMCID: PMC9006862 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics including inhibited mitochondrial fusion is associated with cardiac dysfunction as well as tumorigenesis. This study sought to explore the effects of promoting mitochondrial fusion on doxorubicin(Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity and its antitumor efficacy, with a focus on the underlying metabolic mechanisms. Herein, the inhibition of Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion was identified as a key phenotype in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Restoration of Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, reduced cellular injury/apoptosis and inhibited mitochondria-derived oxidative stress in the Dox-treated cardiomyocytes. Application of lentivirus expressing Drp1 (mitochondrial fusion inhibitor) or Rote/Anti A (mitochondrial complex I/III inhibitors) blunted the above protective effects of Mfn2. Cardiac-specific Mfn2 transgenic mice showed preserved mitochondrial fusion and attenuated myocardial injury upon Dox exposure in vivo. The suppression of Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion was induced by Dox-elicited upregulation of FoxO1, which inhibited the transcription of Mfn2 by binding to its promoter sites. In the B16 melanoma, Mfn2 upregulation not only attenuated tumor growth alone but also further delayed tumor growth in the presence of Dox. Mechanistically, Mfn2 synergized with the inhibitory action of Dox on glycolysis metabolism in the tumor cells. One common feature in both cardiomyocytes and tumor cells was that Mfn2 increased the ratio of oxygen consumption rate to extracellular acidification rate, suggesting Mfn2 triggered a shift from aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. In conclusion, targeting Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion may provide a dual therapeutic advantage in Dox-based chemotherapy by simultaneously defending against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and boosting its antitumor potency via metabolic shift. Dox exposure inhibits Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion in the hearts. The reduction of Mfn2 is mediated by FoxO1 in a transcriptional manner. Mfn2 overexpression reduces Dox-induced injury and enhances its anticancer action. Mfn2 induces a shift from aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
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Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061462. [PMID: 35326612 PMCID: PMC8945922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy resistance is a common occurrence during cancer treatment that cancer researchers are attempting to understand and overcome. Mitochondria are a crucial intracellular signaling core that are becoming important determinants of numerous aspects of cancer genesis and progression, such as metabolic reprogramming, metastatic capability, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, can influence both the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and the degree of drug resistance. Regardless of the fact that mitochondria are well-known for coordinating ATP synthesis from cellular respiration in cellular bioenergetics, little is known its mitophagy regulation in chemoresistance. Recent advancements in mitochondrial research, mitophagy regulatory mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance are discussed in this review. Abstract Cancer chemotherapy resistance is one of the most critical obstacles in cancer therapy. One of the well-known mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance is the change in the mitochondrial death pathways which occur when cells are under stressful situations, such as chemotherapy. Mitophagy, or mitochondrial selective autophagy, is critical for cell quality control because it can efficiently break down, remove, and recycle defective or damaged mitochondria. As cancer cells use mitophagy to rapidly sweep away damaged mitochondria in order to mediate their own drug resistance, it influences the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy as well as the degree of drug resistance. Yet despite the importance of mitochondria and mitophagy in chemotherapy resistance, little is known about the precise mechanisms involved. As a consequence, identifying potential therapeutic targets by analyzing the signal pathways that govern mitophagy has become a vital research goal. In this paper, we review recent advances in mitochondrial research, mitophagy control mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance.
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Che L, Wu JS, Du ZB, He YQ, Yang L, Lin JX, Lei Z, Chen XX, Guo DB, Li WG, Lin YC, Lin ZN. Targeting Mitochondrial COX-2 Enhances Chemosensitivity via Drp1-Dependent Remodeling of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030821. [PMID: 35159089 PMCID: PMC8834292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve the anti-cancer effect for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is found in several types of cancers and correlates with a poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear how the mitochondrial translocation of COX-2 is involved in mitochondrial dynamics and sensitizes HCC cells to multipattern anti-tumor therapy. We explored the impact of targeting mitochondrial COX-2 (mito-COX-2) intervention toward mitochondrial dynamics on platinum-based chemotherapeutics in HCC cells and xenograft nude mouse models. Our study indicates that the mito-COX-2 represents a candidate predictive biomarker and potential target to regulate anti-cancer sensitization of HCC, and possibly for other types of COX-2-high-expression cancers. Abstract Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and undergo constant fission and fusion, which are both essential for the maintenance of cell physiological functions. Dysregulation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial dynamics is associated with tumorigenesis and the chemotherapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in most cancer types and correlates with a poor prognosis. However, the roles played by the translocation of mitochondrial COX-2 (mito-COX-2) and the interaction between mito-COX-2 and Drp1 in chemotherapeutic responses remain to be elucidated in the context of HCC. Bioinformatics analysis, paired HCC patient specimens, xenograft nude mice, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, molecular docking, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, proximity ligation assay, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions, mitochondrial immunoprecipitation assay, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate the underlying mechanism of how mito-COX-2 and p-Drp1Ser616 interaction regulates the chemotherapeutic response via mitochondrial dynamics in vitro and in vivo. We found that COX-2 and Drp1 were frequently upregulated and confer a poor prognosis in HCC. We also found that the proportion of mito-COX-2 and p-Drp1Ser616 was increased in HCC cell lines. In vitro, we demonstrated that the enhanced mitochondrial translocation of COX-2 promotes its interaction with p-Drp1Ser616 via PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation activation. This increase was associated with higher colony formation, cell proliferation, and mitochondrial fission. These findings were confirmed by knocking down COX-2 in HCC cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Furthermore, inhibition of Drp1 using pharmacologic inhibitors (Mdivi-1) or RNA interference (siDNM1L) decreased mito-COX-2/p-Drp1Ser616 interaction-mediated mitochondrial fission, and increased apoptosis in HCC cells treated with platinum drugs. Moreover, inhibiting mito-COX-2 acetylation with the natural phytochemical resveratrol resulted in reducing cell proliferation and mitochondrial fission, occurring through upregulation of mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), which, in turn, increased the chemosensitivity of HCC to platinum drugs in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that targeting interventions to PINK1-mediated mito-COX-2/p-Drp1Ser616-dependent mitochondrial dynamics increases the chemosensitivity of HCC and might help us to understand how to use the SIRT3-modulated mito-COX-2/p-Drp1Ser616 signaling axis to develop an effective clinical intervention in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Jia-Shen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Ze-Bang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Yu-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Jin-Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Dong-Bei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Wen-Gang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Pancreatic & Organ Transplantation Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.L.); (Z.-N.L.); Tel.: +86-592-2880615 (Y.-C.L.); Fax: +86-592-2881578 (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.L.); (Z.-N.L.); Tel.: +86-592-2880615 (Y.-C.L.); Fax: +86-592-2881578 (Y.-C.L.)
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Read GH, Bailleul J, Vlashi E, Kesarwala AH. Metabolic response to radiation therapy in cancer. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:200-224. [PMID: 34961986 PMCID: PMC10187995 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer and is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Reprogramming of tumor metabolism is necessary for cancer cells to sustain high proliferation rates and enhanced demands for nutrients. Recent studies suggest that metabolic plasticity in cancer cells can decrease the efficacy of anticancer therapies by enhancing antioxidant defenses and DNA repair mechanisms. Studying radiation-induced metabolic changes will lead to a better understanding of radiation response mechanisms as well as the identification of new therapeutic targets, but there are few robust studies characterizing the metabolic changes induced by radiation therapy in cancer. In this review, we will highlight studies that provide information on the metabolic changes induced by radiation and oxidative stress in cancer cells and the associated underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H. Read
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Justine Bailleul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aparna H. Kesarwala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Wang D, Tian J, Yan Z, Yuan Q, Wu D, Liu X, Yang S, Guo S, Wang J, Yang Y, Xing J, An J, Huang Q. Mitochondrial fragmentation is crucial for c-Myc-driven hepatoblastoma-like liver tumor. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1645-1660. [PMID: 35085814 PMCID: PMC9077476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common liver cancer in children, and the aggressive subtype often has a poor prognosis and lacks effective targeted therapy. Although aggressive hepatoblastoma (HB) is often accompanied by abnormally high expression of the transcription factor c-Myc, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that mitochondrial fragmentation was enhanced by c-Myc overexpression in human aggressive HB tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. Then, a mouse model resembling human HB was established via hydrodynamic injection of c-Myc plasmids. We observed that liver-specific knockout of the mitochondrial fusion molecule MFN1 or overexpression of mitochondrial fission molecule DRP1 promoted the occurrence of c-Myc-driven liver cancer. In contrast, when MFN1 was overexpressed in the liver, tumor formation was delayed. In vitro experiments showed that c-Myc transcriptionally upregulated the expression of DRP1 and decreased MFN1 expression through upregulation of miR-373-3p. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation significantly promoted aerobic glycolysis and the proliferation of HB cells by significantly increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activating the RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways. Taken together, our results indicate that c-Myc-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation promotes the malignant transformation and progression of HB by activating ROS-mediated multi-oncogenic signaling.
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Cheng W, Tang Y, Tong X, Zhou Q, Xie J, Wang J, Han Y, Ta N, Ye Z. USP53 activated by H3K27 acetylation regulates cell viability, apoptosis, and metabolism in esophageal carcinoma via the AMPK signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:349-359. [PMID: 34919659 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, despite an overall decline in the incidence of new cases. However, knowledge of gene expression signatures for risk and prognosis stratification of ESCA is inadequate. Thus, identifying novel molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ESCA might improve its prognosis and treatment. The current study investigated the role of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 53 (USP53), a member of the USP family that exhibits deubiquitinating activity, in ESCA and showed that USP53 is downregulated in ESCA tissues, indicating poor prognosis. USP53 suppresses the proliferation and growth of ESCA cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas its knockdown exerts opposite effects. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor reverses the effects of USP53 knockdown. USP53 also inhibits glycolysis, oxidative metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics. H3K27 acetylation increases USP53 expression by binding to its promoter region. Our study reveals that USP53 is activated by H3K27 acetylation and suppresses ESCA progression by regulating cell growth and metabolism. USP53 is therefore a promising target for ESCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, The Center Hospital of Karamay City, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for precision medicine of digestive system tumor, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Xiaobin Tong
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, The Center Hospital of Karamay City, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for precision medicine of digestive system tumor, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, The Center Hospital of Karamay City, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for precision medicine of digestive system tumor, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Jingrong Xie
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, The Center Hospital of Karamay City, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for precision medicine of digestive system tumor, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, The Center Hospital of Karamay City, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for precision medicine of digestive system tumor, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, The Center Hospital of Karamay City, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for precision medicine of digestive system tumor, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Na Ta
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, The Center Hospital of Karamay City, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for precision medicine of digestive system tumor, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Department of General surgery, The Center Hospital of Karamay City, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for precision medicine of digestive system tumor, Karamay 834000, China
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Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Liver Diseases. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:8900122. [PMID: 34804779 PMCID: PMC8601834 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8900122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to playing a pivotal role in cellular energetics and biosynthesis, mitochondrial components are key operators in the regulation of cell death. In addition to apoptosis, necrosis is a highly relevant form of programmed liver cell death. Differential activation of specific forms of programmed cell death may not only affect the outcome of liver disease but may also provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review describes the role of mitochondria in cell death and the mechanism that leads to chronic liver hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. We focus on mitochondrial-driven apoptosis and current knowledge of necroptosis and discuss therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondrial-mediated cell death in liver diseases.
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Fontana F, Limonta P. The multifaceted roles of mitochondria at the crossroads of cell life and death in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:203-221. [PMID: 34597798 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the cytoplasmic organelles mostly known as the "electric engine" of the cells; however, they also play pivotal roles in different biological processes, such as cell growth/apoptosis, Ca2+ and redox homeostasis, and cell stemness. In cancer cells, mitochondria undergo peculiar functional and structural dynamics involved in the survival/death fate of the cell. Cancer cells use glycolysis to support macromolecular biosynthesis and energy production ("Warburg effect"); however, mitochondrial OXPHOS has been shown to be still active during carcinogenesis and even exacerbated in drug-resistant and stem cancer cells. This metabolic rewiring is associated with mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial metabolic enzymes ("oncometabolites"), alterations of ROS production and redox biology, and a fine-tuned balance between anti-/proapoptotic proteins. In cancer cells, mitochondria also experience dynamic alterations from the structural point of view undergoing coordinated cycles of biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, and physically communicating with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through the Ca2+ flux, at the MAM (mitochondria-associated membranes) levels. This review addresses the peculiar mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in cancer cells and their role in coordinating the balance between cell survival and death. The role of mitochondrial dynamics as effective biomarkers of tumor progression and promising targets for anticancer strategies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Martinez-Bernabe T, Sastre-Serra J, Ciobu N, Oliver J, Pons DG, Roca P. Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) Maintains Mitochondrial Network Regulating Invasiveness in an Obesity-Related Inflammation Condition in Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091371. [PMID: 34573003 PMCID: PMC8466315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a physiological situation where different proinflammatory cytokines and hormones are secreted, is a major risk factor for breast cancer. Mitochondrial functionality exhibits a relevant role in the tumorigenic potential of a cancer cell. In the present study, it has been examined the influence of an obesity-related inflammation ELIT treatment (17β-estradiol, leptin, IL-6, and TNFα), which aims to stimulate the hormonal conditions of a postmenopausal obese woman on the mitochondrial functionality and invasiveness of MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines, which display a different ratio of both estrogen receptor isoforms, ERα and ERβ. The results showed a decrease in mitochondrial functionality, with an increase in oxidative stress and invasiveness and motility, in the MCF7 cell line (high ERα/ERβ ratio) compared to a maintained status in the T47D cell line (low ERα/ERβ ratio) after ELIT treatment. In addition, breast cancer biopsies were analyzed, showing that breast tumors of obese patients present a high positive correlation between IL-6 receptor and ERβ and have an increased expression of cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, and mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics genes. Altogether, giving special importance to ERβ in the pathology of obese patients with breast cancer is necessary, approaching to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Martinez-Bernabe
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (N.C.); (J.O.); (P.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (N.C.); (J.O.); (P.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolae Ciobu
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (N.C.); (J.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (N.C.); (J.O.); (P.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (N.C.); (J.O.); (P.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9711-73149
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (N.C.); (J.O.); (P.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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75
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Li L, Qi R, Zhang L, Yu Y, Hou J, Gu Y, Song D, Wang X. Potential biomarkers and targets of mitochondrial dynamics. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e529. [PMID: 34459143 PMCID: PMC8351522 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the imbalance of cellular homeostasis and the development of diseases, which is regulated by mitochondria-associated factors. The present review aims to explore the process of the mitochondrial quality control system as a new source of the potential diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for diseases, including mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, interactions between mitochondria and other organelles (lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, endosomes, and lysosomes), as well as the regulation and posttranscriptional modifications of mitochondrial DNA/RNA (mtDNA/mtRNA). The direct and indirect influencing factors were especially illustrated in understanding the interactions among regulators of mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, mtDNA/mtRNAs and proteomic profiles of mitochondria in various lung diseases were also discussed as an example. Thus, alternations of mitochondria-associated regulators can be a new category of biomarkers and targets for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Li
- Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Ruixue Qi
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and TherapyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Yuexin Yu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiayun Hou
- Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Yutong Gu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Dongli Song
- Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and TherapyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
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76
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Montella L, Sarno F, Altucci L, Cioffi V, Sigona L, Di Colandrea S, De Simone S, Marinelli A, Facchini BA, De Vita F, Berretta M, de Falco R, Facchini G. A Root in Synapsis and the Other One in the Gut Microbiome-Brain Axis: Are the Two Poles of Ketogenic Diet Enough to Challenge Glioblastoma? Front Nutr 2021; 8:703392. [PMID: 34422883 PMCID: PMC8378133 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.703392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain cancer in adults. While precision medicine in oncology has produced remarkable progress in several malignancies, treatment of glioblastoma has still limited available options and a dismal prognosis. After first-line treatment with surgery followed by radiochemotherapy based on the 2005 STUPP trial, no significant therapeutic advancements have been registered. While waiting that genomic characterization moves from a prognostic/predictive value into therapeutic applications, practical and easy-to-use approaches are eagerly awaited. Medical reports on the role of the ketogenic diet in adult neurological disorders and in glioblastoma suggest that nutritional interventions may condition outcomes and be associated with standard therapies. The acceptable macronutrient distribution of daily calories in a regular diet are 45-65% of daily calories from carbohydrates, 20-35% from fats, and 10-35% from protein. Basically, the ketogenic diet follows an approach based on low carbohydrates/high fat intake. In carbohydrates starvation, body energy derives from fat storage which is used to produce ketones and act as glucose surrogates. The ketogenic diet has several effects: metabolic interference with glucose and insulin and IGF-1 pathways, influence on neurotransmission, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, direct effect on gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Apart from these central effects working at the synapsis level, recent evidence also suggests a role for microbiome and gut-brain axis induced by a ketogenic diet. This review focuses on rationales supporting the ketogenic diet and clinical studies will be reported, looking at future possible perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Montella
- Medical Oncology Complex Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- Precision Medicine Department, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Precision Medicine Department, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Cioffi
- Neurosurgery Operative Complex Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sigona
- Neurosurgery Operative Complex Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Colandrea
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano De Simone
- Medical Oncology Complex Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Marinelli
- Operative Unit Neuroncology University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM), Isernia, Italy
| | - Bianca Arianna Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Precision Medicine Department, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Precision Medicine Department, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele de Falco
- Neurosurgery Operative Complex Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Medical Oncology Complex Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy
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77
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Mack N, Mazzio E, Badisa R, Soliman KFA. Metabolic Response to the Mitochondrial Toxin 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in LDH-A/B Double-knockout LS174T Colon Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:385-405. [PMID: 33994363 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Rapid glycolytic substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) and accumulation of lactic acid are characteristics of diverse cancers. Recent advances in drug discovery have included the use of glycolytic inhibitors with mitochondrial targeting drugs to attempt to invoke an energy crisis in aggressive metabolically active chemo-resistant cancers. In this work, we examine the consequences of inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in LS14T colon cancer cells containing a genetic double knock out (DKO) of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDHA and LDHB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Several metabolic parameters were evaluated concomitant to whole transcriptomic (WT) mRNA, microRNA, and long intergenic non-coding RNAs using Affymetrix 2.1 human ST arrays. RESULTS MPP+ effectively blocked OXPHOS where a compensatory shift toward anaerobic SLP was only observed in the control vector (CV), and not observed in the LDH-A/B DKOs (lacking the ability to produce lactic acid). Despite this, there was an unexpected resilience to MPP+ in the latter in terms of energy, which displayed significantly higher resting baseline respiratory OXPHOS capacity relative to controls. At the transcriptome level, MPP+ invoked 1738 differential expressed genes (DEGs) out of 48,226; LDH-A/B DKO resulted in 855 DEGs while 349 DEGs were found to be overlapping in both groups versus respective controls, including loss of mitochondrial complex I (subunits 3 and 6), cell cycle transcripts and fluctuations in epigenetic chromatin remodeling systems. In terms of energy, the effects of MPP+ in the CV transcripts reflect the funneling of carbon intermediates toward glycolysis. The LDH-A/B DKO transcripts reflect a flow of carbons away from glycolysis toward the production of acetyl-CoA. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest a metabolic resilience to MPP+ in cancer cells devoid of LDH-A/B, explainable in-part by higher baseline OXPHOS respiratory ATP production, necessitating more toxin to suppress the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nzinga Mack
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Mazzio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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78
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Genovese I, Carinci M, Modesti L, Aguiari G, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Mitochondria: Insights into Crucial Features to Overcome Cancer Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094770. [PMID: 33946271 PMCID: PMC8124268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of cell survival and are involved in a plethora of mechanisms, such as metabolism, Ca2+ signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitophagy and mitochondrial transfer, fusion, and fission (known as mitochondrial dynamics). The tuning of these processes in pathophysiological conditions is fundamental to the balance between cell death and survival. Indeed, ROS overproduction and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload are linked to the induction of apoptosis, while the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism can have a double-faceted role in the decision between cell survival and death. Tumorigenesis involves an intricate series of cellular impairments not yet completely clarified, and a further level of complexity is added by the onset of apoptosis resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. In the majority of cases, cancer relapse or lack of responsiveness is related to the emergence of chemoresistance, which may be due to the cooperation of several cellular protection mechanisms, often mitochondria-related. With this review, we aim to critically report the current evidence on the relationship between mitochondria and cancer chemoresistance with a particular focus on the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling, oxidative stress, and metabolism to possibly identify new approaches or targets for overcoming cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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79
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Park C, Jeong JW, Han MH, Lee H, Kim GY, Jin S, Park JH, Kwon HJ, Kim BW, Choi YH. The anti-cancer effect of betulinic acid in u937 human leukemia cells is mediated through ROS-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:119-127. [PMID: 34234893 PMCID: PMC8118407 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1915380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown anti-cancer activity of betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, against various cancer lines, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer efficacy of BA in U937 human myeloid leukemia cells. BA exerted a significant cytotoxic effect on U937 cells through blocking cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and inducing apoptosis, and that the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased after treatment with BA. The down-regulation of cyclin A and cyclin B1, and up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 revealed the G2/M phase arrest mechanism of BA. In addition, BA induced the cytosolic release of cytochrome c by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential with an increasing Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. BA also increased the activity of caspase-9 and -3, and subsequent degradation of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, quenching of ROS by N-acetyl-cysteine, an ROS scavenger, markedly abolished BA-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis, indicating that the generation of ROS plays a key role in inhibiting the proliferation of U937 cells by BA treatment. Taken together, our results provide a mechanistic rationale that BA exhibits anti-cancer properties in U937 leukemia cells through ROS-dependent induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Jin
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Park
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kwon
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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80
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Advances in Understanding Mitochondrial MicroRNAs (mitomiRs) on the Pathogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5517777. [PMID: 33824695 PMCID: PMC8007369 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5517777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor outcome and the most challenging breast cancer type to treat worldwide. TNBC manifests distinct profile of mitochondrial functions, which dictates reprogrammed metabolism, fosters tumor progression, and notably serves as therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial microRNAs (mitomiRs) are a group of microRNAs that critically modulate mitochondrial homeostasis. By a pathway-centric manner, mitomiRs tightly orchestrate metabolic reprogramming, redox status, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, and calcium balance, leading to an emerging field of study in various cancer types, including TNBC. We herein review the recent insights into the roles and mechanism of mitomiRs in TNBC and highlight its clinical value in diagnosis and prognosis as well as vital advances on therapeutics of preclinical and clinical studies.
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81
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Dual Specificity Kinase DYRK3 Promotes Aggressiveness of Glioblastoma by Altering Mitochondrial Morphology and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062982. [PMID: 33804169 PMCID: PMC8000785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor with poor patient prognosis. Although the standard treatment of GBM is surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, often a small portion of surviving tumor cells acquire therapeutic resistance and become more aggressive. Recently, altered kinase expression and activity have been shown to determine metabolic flux in tumor cells and metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a tumor progression regulatory mechanism. Here we investigated novel kinase-mediated metabolic alterations that lead to acquired GBM radioresistance and malignancy. We utilized transcriptomic analyses within a radioresistant GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model that overexpresses the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 (DYRK3). We find that within GBM cells, radiation exposure induces DYRK3 expression and DYRK3 regulates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity through phosphorylation of proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 (PRAS40). We also find that DYRK3 knockdown inhibits dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial fission, leading to increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reduced glycolysis. Importantly, enforced DYRK3 downregulation following irradiation significantly impaired GBM cell migration and invasion. Collectively, we suggest DYRK3 suppression may be a novel strategy for preventing GBM malignancy through regulating mitochondrial metabolism.
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82
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Liu RX, Luo RY, Tang MT, Liu YC, Chen ZF, Liang H. The first copper(I) complex of anthrahydrazone with potential ROS scavenging activity showed significant in vitro anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111390. [PMID: 33721719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on the anticancer pharmacophore of anthrahydrazone and quinoline, a new quinolylanthrahydrazone ligand, 9-AQH (anthracene-9-quinolylhydrazone), was synthesized to further afford four metal complexes, [CoII(9-AQH)(NO3)2(H2O)] (1), [NiII(9-AQH)2(H2O)2]·2NO3 (2), [CuI(9-AQH)2]·NO3 (3), [ZnII(9-AQH)2(NO3)]·NO3 (4), determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The reaction of Cu(NO3)2 with 9-AQH formed the stable and repeatable copper(I) complex 3. In vitro screening demonstrated only 3 showed significant and broad-spectrum anticancer activity, indicating that Cu(I) played a key role in exerting the anticancer activity. In solution, Cu(I) was not naturally oxidized to Cu(II) suggested by 1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) analysis. The presence of 3 could also catalyze the H2O2 system to give hydroxyl free radicals, suggested by further EPR and electrophoresis assay. At the cellular level, although no obvious Cu(II) signals were detected and the total ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavenging in the tumor cells treated with 3, the potential redox property between Cu(I)/Cu(II), as a key role, should not be denied for the significant anticancer activity of 3, considering the much complicated circumstance and other reductive substances in cells. The anticancer mechanism of 3 on the most sensitive MGC-803 cells pointed to significant cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway, rather than cell cycle arrest. While the autophagy observed in tumor cells treated by 3 suggested its complicated anticancer mechanism, and whether there was an intrinsic correlation still needed to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Liu
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ru-Yi Luo
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Meng-Ting Tang
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yan-Cheng Liu
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Hong Liang
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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