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Knockdown of Trnau1ap inhibits the proliferation and migration of NIH3T3, JEG-3 and Bewo cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:521-527. [PMID: 29758194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tRNA selenocysteine 1 associated protein 1 (Trnau1ap, initially named SECp43) is involved in Selenocysteine (Sec) biosynthesis and incorporation into selenoproteins, which play a key role in biological processes, such as embryonic development. We previously reported that downregulation of Trnau1ap inhibited proliferation of cardiomyocyte-like H9c2 cells. However, the effects of Trnau1ap on cell proliferation and migration of embryonic development are not known, and the mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, lentiviral shRNA vectors were transfected in NIH3T3, JEG-3 and Bewo cells (embryonic, trophoblast and placental cells). We found that knockdown of Trnau1ap resulted in reduced expression levels of selenoproteins. The data of Cell Count Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and wound scratch assay revealed the proliferation and migration rates were reduced in the Trnau1ap-shRNA groups. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation level of Akt in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was attenuated. These results indicate that Trnau1ap plays an important role in regulation of cell proliferation and migration through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, as well as being essential for embryonic development by regulating the expression of selenoproteins.
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Zoidis E, Seremelis I, Kontopoulos N, Danezis GP. Selenium-Dependent Antioxidant Enzymes: Actions and Properties of Selenoproteins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E66. [PMID: 29758013 PMCID: PMC5981252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other essential trace elements that interact with proteins in the form of cofactors, selenium (Se) becomes co-translationally incorporated into the polypeptide chain as part of 21st naturally occurring amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), encoded by the UGA codon. Any protein that includes Sec in its polypeptide chain is defined as selenoprotein. Members of the selenoproteins family exert various functions and their synthesis depends on specific cofactors and on dietary Se. The Se intake in productive animals such as chickens affect nutrient utilization, production performances, antioxidative status and responses of the immune system. Although several functions of selenoproteins are unknown, many disorders are related to alterations in selenoprotein expression or activity. Selenium insufficiency and polymorphisms or mutations in selenoproteins' genes and synthesis cofactors are involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, immune dysfunctions, cancer, muscle and bone disorders, endocrine functions and neurological disorders. Finally, heavy metal poisoning decreases mRNA levels of selenoproteins and increases mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, underlying the antagonistic effect of Se. This review is an update on Se dependent antioxidant enzymes, presenting the current state of the art and is focusing on results obtained mainly in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Zoidis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Isidoros Seremelis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kontopoulos
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios P Danezis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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Zhang P, Guan X, Yang M, Zeng L, Liu C. Roles and potential mechanisms of selenium in countering thyrotoxicity of DEHP. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:732-739. [PMID: 29161598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a ubiquitous environmental contaminant could disturb thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis. Selenium as an essential trace element has protective effects on thyroids. To verify roles of selenium in countering thyrotoxicity of DEHP and elucidate potential mechanisms, Sprague-Dawley rats and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were treated with DEHP or/and selenomethionine (SeMet). Results showed that selenium supplementation elevated plasma free thyroxine (FT4) that was decreased by DEHP, and free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were also partially recovered. DEHP-caused histopathologic changes were ameliorated after selenium supplementation, as indicated by recovered thyroid follicular epithelial cell numbers and cavity diameters. DEHP disrupted the redox equilibrium, causing depletions of SOD, GPx1, GPx3, and TxnRd, and accumulations of MDA. Nevertheless, selenium supplementation effectively improved the redox status. DEHP affected biosynthesis, biotransformation, biotransport, and metabolism of THs, as well as thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor (TRHr) levels. Plasma selenium, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), deiodinase 1 (Dio1), and transthyretin (TTR) were downregulated, while Dio3, Ugt1a1, Sult1e1, CYP2b1, CYP3a1, and TRHr were upregulated by DEHP. However, selenium supplementation led to elevations of selenium, Dio1 and TTR, and reductions of Ugt1a1, Sult1e1, CYP2b1, and TRHr. TPO, Dio3, and CYP3a1 were not significantly affected by selenium supplementation. Taken together, selenium could ameliorate DEHP-caused TH dyshomeostasis via modulations of the redox status, Dio1, TTR, TRHr, and hepatic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xie Guan
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China.
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On elongation factor eEFSec, its role and mechanism during selenium incorporation into nascent selenoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2463-2472. [PMID: 29555379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium, an essential dietary micronutrient, is incorporated into proteins as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) in response to in-frame UGA codons. Complex machinery ensures accurate recoding of Sec codons in higher organisms. A specialized elongation factor eEFSec is central to the process. SCOPE OF REVIEW Selenoprotein synthesis relies on selenocysteinyl-tRNASec (Sec-tRNASec), selenocysteine inserting sequence (SECIS) and other selenoprotein mRNA elements, an in-trans SECIS binding protein 2 (SBP2) protein factor, and eEFSec. The exact mechanisms of discrete steps of the Sec UGA recoding are not well understood. However, recent studies on mammalian model systems have revealed the first insights into these mechanisms. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the structure and role of mammalian eEFSec. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS eEFSec folds into a chalice-like structure resembling that of the archaeal and bacterial orthologues SelB and the initiation protein factor IF2/eIF5B. The three N-terminal domains harbor major functional sites and adopt an EF-Tu-like fold. The C-terminal domain 4 binds to Sec-tRNASec and SBP2, senses distinct binding domains, and modulates the GTPase activity. Remarkably, GTP hydrolysis does not induce a canonical conformational change in eEFSec, but instead promotes a slight ratchet of domains 1 and 2 and a lever-like movement of domain 4, which may be critical for the release of Sec-tRNASec on the ribosome. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on current findings, a non-canonical mechanism for elongation of selenoprotein synthesis at the Sec UGA codon is proposed. Although incomplete, our understanding of this fundamental biological process is significantly improved, and it is being harnessed for biomedical and synthetic biology initiatives. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Selenium research" in celebration of 200 years of selenium discovery, edited by Dr. Elias Arnér and Dr. Regina Brigelius-Flohe.
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Lima LFD, Barbosa F, Simões MV, Navarro AM. Heart failure, micronutrient profile, and its connection with thyroid dysfunction and nutritional status. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:800-805. [PMID: 29551406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health issue; its risk factors include inappropriate dietary intake of microelements such as iodine, selenium, zinc and iron, which may lead to thyroid dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the correlation among the functional class stages of patients with HF, iodine, selenium, iron and zinc levels with the presence of thyroid dysfunction. METHODOLOGY One hundred nine patients from the HF outpatient clinic of the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto whose blood and urine were collected for micronutrient analysis and laboratory tests were selected. The subjects' weight and height were also measured to calculate their BMI. First, a descriptive analysis of the data was made into tables, and then statistical analyses were done at a 5% significance level (p < 0.05). RESULTS Most patients whose data was analysed were elderly and overweight. Excess ioduria, serum selenium and zinc, erythrocyte zinc and deficiency in serum iron and erythrocyte selenium were observed. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 8.3%. Multivariate logistic regression verified that thyroid dysfunction increases the chance of classification in functional class III or IV (p = 0.015; OR = 8.72) by 8.7 times; each year of age increases the chance by 4.6% of classification in functional class III or IV (p = 0.008; odds ratio [OR] = 1.05), and each unit of BMI increases the chance of classification in functional class III or IV by 9.2% (p = 0.028; OR = 1.09). CONCLUSION Patients with HF were deficient in serum iron and erythrocyte selenium. No connection was found between hypothyroidism and mineral deficiency, which seems to be related more to the severity of the disease than to the micronutrient nutritional profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Fernandes de Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14049-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Marliere Navarro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Durkalec M, Nawrocka A, Krzysiak M, Larska M, Kmiecik M, Posyniak A. Trace elements in the liver of captive and free-ranging European bison (Bison bonasus L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:454-463. [PMID: 29154121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
European bison is classified as a vulnerable species because of many threats. We analyzed the content of toxic and essential elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Th, Tl, U, V, and Zn) in the livers of 30 captive and free-ranging European bison from the Bison Breeding Center in Smardzewice and from Białowieża Primeval Forest in Poland. The contents of toxic elements were lower than reported previously in European Bison and were similar to those of wild ungulates from non-polluted areas. Accumulation of Cd and Cr was related to the age of animals. We compared the mineral status between captive and free-ranging European bison to verify whether the maintenance type could affect concentrations of trace elements in the liver. The concentration of Mn and Zn differed between captive and free-ranging group. Our results were compared to the reference values of essential elements for cattle. All animals from this study were Se-deficient and more than 80% of them have Cu deficiency. Deficiency of Mn was present in 20% of captive and 37% of free-ranging animals whereas Zn in 37% and 3% respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed that Mn and Zn deficiencies were related o the maintenance of animals (p<0.05). We revealed that mineral deficiencies could be an additional threat to the Polish population of European bison. Thus, the monitoring of essential minerals is necessary and future work is required to optimize the supplementation and foddering for preventing the occurrence of mineral deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Durkalec
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Michał Krzysiak
- European Bison Breeding Centre, Białowieża National Park, Park Pałacowy 11, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland; Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Larska
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Mirosława Kmiecik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Kachouei A, Rezvanian H, Amini M, Aminorroaya A, Moradi E. The Effect of Levothyroxine and Selenium versus Levothyroxine Alone on Reducing the Level of Anti-thyroid Peroxidase Antibody in Autoimmune Hypothyroid Patients. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:1. [PMID: 29456972 PMCID: PMC5812089 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.223735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the prevalence of autoimmune hypothyroidism and its effects on physical and mental health it is necessary to provide a treatment which is also effective in preventing the progression of sub-clinical hypothyroidism in these patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation on of anti-thyroid hormone antibodies in these patients. Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 70 patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism randomly divided into two groups of 35 each, the first group was treated with oral selenium treatment with levothyroxine (LT4) and to the second group along with LT4, placebo was also prescribed. Serum selenium level, thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid hormone antibodies before and after 3 months of treatment in both groups, were determined, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean of the serum anti-thyroid peroxidase serum level in the intervention group before and after treatment was 682.18 ± 87.25 and 522.96 ± 47.21 and the difference before and after treatment was statistically significant (P = 0.021). The level of this antibody before and after treatment in the control group was 441 ± 53.54 and 501.18 ± 77.68, and no significant differences between two groups were observed before and after treatment (P = 0.42). Conclusion: Selenium supplementation may help to reduce the levels of antibodies in patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kachouei
- Isfahan Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezvanian
- Isfahan Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini
- Isfahan Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashraf Aminorroaya
- Isfahan Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Eshagh Moradi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Khan KU, Zuberi A, Fernandes JBK, Ullah I, Sarwar H. An overview of the ongoing insights in selenium research and its role in fish nutrition and fish health. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1689-1705. [PMID: 28712005 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present review, the ongoing researches about selenium research in fish nutrition have been comprehensively discussed. Selenium research is getting popularity in fish nutrition as it is required for the normal growth and proper physiological and biochemical functions in fish. Its deficiency or surplus amounts create severe problems in fish. It is available as inorganic form, organic form, and nano form. In fish, most of the previous research is about the selenium requirements for fish by using only one selenium source mainly the inorganic one. Selenium shows maximum biological activity and bioavailability when it is supplied in proper form. However, to differentiate the more bioavailable and less toxic form of selenium, sufficient information is needed about the comparative bioavailability of different selenium forms in different fish species. In fish, important data about the new forms of selenoproteins is still scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the determination and elucidation of the new selenoproteins in fish through the utilization of recent approaches of molecular biology and proteomics. The adaptation of these new approaches will replace the old fashioned methodologies regarding the selenium research in fish nutrition. Moreover, the use of molecular biology and proteomics-based new approaches in combination with selenium research will help in optimizing the area of fish nutrition and will improve the feed intake, growth performance, and more importantly the flesh quality which has a promising importance in the consumer market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayat Ullah Khan
- Center of Aquaculture, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Imdad Ullah
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huda Sarwar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kahaly GJ, Riedl M, König J, Diana T, Schomburg L. Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial of Selenium in Graves Hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4333-4341. [PMID: 29092078 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Supplemental selenium (Se) may affect the clinical course of Graves disease (GD). OBJECTIVE Evaluate efficacy of add-on Se on medical treatment in GD. DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized supplementation trial. SETTING Academic endocrine outpatient clinic. PATIENTS Seventy untreated hyperthyroid patients with GD. INTERVENTION Additionally to methimazole (MMI), patients received for 24 weeks either sodium selenite 300 µg/d po or placebo. MMI was discontinued at 24 weeks in euthyroid patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Response rate (week 24), recurrence rate (week 36), and safety. RESULTS A response was registered in 25 of 31 patients (80%) and in 27 of 33 (82%) at week 24 [odds ratio (OR) 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26 to 3.25; P = 0.904] in the Se (+MMI) and placebo (+MMI) groups, respectively. During a 12-week follow-up, 11 of 23 (48%) and 12 of 27 (44%) relapsed (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 0.29 to 2.66; P = 0.81) in the Se and placebo groups, respectively. Serum concentrations of Se and selenoprotein P were unrelated to response or recurrence rates. At week 36, 12 of 29 (41%) and 15 of 33 (45%) were responders and still in remission in the Se and placebo groups, respectively (OR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.31 to 2.32; P = 0.80). Serum levels of free triiodothyronine/free tetraiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody, prevalence of moderate to severe Graves orbitopathy, thyroid volume, and MMI starting dose were significantly lower in responders than in nonresponders. A total of 56 and 63 adverse events occurred in the Se and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.164), whereas only one drug-related side effect (2.9%) was noted in 35 patients on placebo + MMI. CONCLUSIONS Supplemental Se did not affect response or recurrence rates in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michaela Riedl
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Diana
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Hosnedlova B, Kepinska M, Skalickova S, Fernandez C, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Malevu TD, Sochor J, Baron M, Melcova M, Zidkova J, Kizek R. A Summary of New Findings on the Biological Effects of Selenium in Selected Animal Species-A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2209. [PMID: 29065468 PMCID: PMC5666889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element important for many physiological processes, especially for the functions of immune and reproductive systems, metabolism of thyroid hormones, as well as antioxidant defense. Selenium deficiency is usually manifested by an increased incidence of retention of placenta, metritis, mastitis, aborts, lowering fertility and increased susceptibility to infections. In calves, lambs and kids, the selenium deficiency demonstrates by WMD (white muscle disease), in foals and donkey foals, it is associated with incidence of WMD and yellow fat disease, and in pigs it causes VESD (vitamin E/selenium deficiency) syndrome. The prevention of these health disorders can be achieved by an adequate selenium supplementation to the diet. The review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium, its biological significance in the organism, the impact of its deficiency in mammalian livestock (comparison of ruminants vs. non-ruminants, herbivore vs. omnivore) and possibilities of its peroral administration. The databases employed were as follows: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB107GJ, UK.
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdalena Melcova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Zidkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Nettore IC, De Nisco E, Desiderio S, Passaro C, Maione L, Negri M, Albano L, Pivonello R, Pivonello C, Portella G, Ungaro P, Colao A, Macchia PE. Selenium supplementation modulates apoptotic processes in thyroid follicular cells. Biofactors 2017; 43:415-423. [PMID: 28251705 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient modulating several physiopathological processes in the human body. The aim of the study is to characterize the molecular effects determined by Se-supplementation in thyroid follicular cells, using as model the well-differentiated rat thyroid follicular cell line FRTL5. Experiments have been performed to evaluate the effects of Se on cell growth, mortality and proliferation and on modulation of pro- and antiapoptotic pathways. The results indicate that Se-supplementation improves FRTL5 growth rate. Furthermore, Se reduces the proportion of cell death and modulates both proapoptotic (p53 and Bim) and antiapoptotic (NF-kB and Bcl2) mRNA levels. In addition, incubation with high doses of Na-Se might prevent the ER-stress apoptosis induced by tunicamycin, as assessed by membrane integrity maintenance, reduction in caspase 3/7 activities, and reduction in Casp-3 and PARP cleavage. Taken together, these results provide molecular evidences indicating the role of Se supplementation on cell death and apoptosis modulation in thyroid follicular cells. These observations may be useful to understand the effects of this micronutrient on the physiopathology of the thyroid gland. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):415-423, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata C Nettore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Emma De Nisco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Silvio Desiderio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Carmela Passaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Maione
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Portella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR (IEOS-CNR) "G. Salvatore", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Paolo E Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, 80131, Italy
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Müller TE, Nunes ME, Menezes CC, Marins AT, Leitemperger J, Gressler ACL, Carvalho FB, de Freitas CM, Quadros VA, Fachinetto R, Rosemberg DB, Loro VL. Sodium Selenite Prevents Paraquat-Induced Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1928-1941. [PMID: 28244005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering the antioxidant properties of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and the involvement of oxidative stress events in paraquat-induced neurotoxicity, this study investigated the protective effect of dietary Na2SeO3 on biochemical and behavioral parameters of zebrafish exposed to paraquat (PQ). Fish were pretreated with a Na2SeO3 diet for 21 days and then PQ (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally with six injections for 16 days. In the novel tank test, the Na2SeO3 diet prevented the locomotor impairments, as well as the increase in the time spent in the top area of the tank, and the exacerbation of freezing episodes. In the preference for conspecifics and in the mirror-induced aggression (MIA) tasks, Na2SeO3 prevented the increase in the latency to enter the area closer to conspecifics and the agonistic behavior of PQ-treated animals, respectively. Na2SeO3 prevented the increase of carbonylated protein (CP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels, as well as the decrease in non-protein thiols (NPSH) levels. Regarding the antioxidant enzymatic defenses, Na2SeO3 prevented the increase in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities caused by PQ. Altogether, dietary Na2SeO3 improves behavioral and biochemical function impaired by PQ treatment in zebrafish, by modulating not only redox parameters, but also anxiety- and aggressive-like phenotypes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talise E Müller
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro E Nunes
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Charlene C Menezes
- Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aline T Marins
- Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jossiele Leitemperger
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Lopes Gressler
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Catiuscia Molz de Freitas
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Quadros
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA
| | - Vania L Loro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Zhang Z, Guo Y, Qiu C, Deng G, Guo M. Protective Action of Se-Supplement Against Acute Alcoholism Is Regulated by Selenoprotein P (SelP) in the Liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:375-387. [PMID: 27334433 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute alcoholism is a major cause of cirrhosis and liver failure around the world. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient promoting liver health in humans and animals. Selenoprotein P (SelP) is a glycoprotein secreted within the liver, which interacts with cytokines and the growth factor pathway to provide protection for hepatic cells. The present study was conducted to confirm the effect and mechanism of Se and SelP action in livers affected by acute alcoholism. In this study, a mouse model of acute alcoholism, as well as a hepatocyte model, was successfully established. The Se content of the liver was detected by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The protein expression of inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA. The other proteins were analyzed by western blotting. The results showed that pathological damage to the liver was gradually weakened by Se-supplementation, which was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and TUNEL staining. Se-supplementation inhibited expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β and promoted production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the liver with acute alcoholism. Se-supplementation also prevented the apoptosis of hepatocytes by suppressing the cleavage of caspases-9, 3, 6, 7, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Through correlational analysis, it was determined that the effects of Se-supplement were closely related to SelP expression, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis molecule production. The sienna of SelP further confirmed the protective action of Se-supplementation on the liver and that the mechanism of SelP involves the regulation of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis molecules in acute alcoholism. These findings provide information regarding a new potential target for the treatment of acute alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfang Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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64
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Sakız D, Kaya A, Kulaksizoglu M. Serum Selenium Levels in Euthyroid Nodular Thyroid Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:21-26. [PMID: 27052308 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is susceptible to nodulation. The mechanism responsible for the growth of only some follicular cells, which results in nodule formation, is not yet clear. Selenium deficiency may be a risk factor in the development of thyroid nodules. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between selenium levels in patients with euthyroid nodular thyroid disease. Seventy patients with a solitary euthyroid thyroid nodule, 70 patients with more than one euthyroid nodule, and 60 healthy patients without thyroid nodules were included in the study. Venous serum samples were stored at -80°C and analyzed the same day using spectrometry. The selenium levels of patients with multiple thyroid nodules, solitary nodules, and patients without nodules were 57.3 ± 14.8 μg/L; 58.8 ± 15.1 μg/L; and 57.6 ± 13.3 μg/L, respectively. The mean serum selenium level of all patients included in the study was 57.9 ± 14.4 μg/L. Although serum selenium levels were slightly higher in men, a statistically significant difference was not observed. In our study, a significant relationship between serum selenium levels and nodular thyroid disease was not seen. Our study was undertaken in an iodine sufficient region. Mean serum selenium levels were lower compared with many other studies, which may be associated with the low selenium content of the soil. Nodular thyroid disease shows multifactorial features. When our study is considered together with previous studies, serum selenium levels may considered to be effective on structural thyroid diseases if combined with additional factors such as severe iodine deficiency. Further studies are required to assess the role of selenium in thyroid nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Sakız
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Kaya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kulaksizoglu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Sunde RA, Li JL, Taylor RM. Insights for Setting of Nutrient Requirements, Gleaned by Comparison of Selenium Status Biomarkers in Turkeys and Chickens versus Rats, Mice, and Lambs. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:1129-1138. [PMID: 28140330 PMCID: PMC5105040 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insights into nutrient biomarkers and setting of dietary nutrient requirements, selenium biomarker levels and requirements in response to multiple graded levels of dietary selenium were compared between day-old turkeys and chickens versus weanling rats and mice and 2-d-old lambs supplemented with sodium selenite. In rodents, there was no significant effect of dietary selenium on growth, indicating that the minimum selenium requirement was <0.007 μg Se/g diet. In contrast, there was a significant effect in turkeys, chicks, and lambs, which showed selenium requirements for growth of 0.05, 0.025, and 0.05 μg Se/g diet, respectively. Liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 1 activity fell in all species to <4% of selenium-adequate levels, plasma GPX3 activity fell to <3% in all species except for mice, and liver GPX4 activity fell to <10% in avians but only to ∼50% of selenium-adequate levels in rodents. Selenium-response curves for these biomarkers reached well-defined plateaus with increasing selenium supplementation in all species, collectively indicating minimum selenium requirements of 0.06-0.10 μg Se/g for rats, mice, and lambs but 0.10-0.13 μg Se/g for chicks and 0.23-0.33 μg Se/g for turkeys. In contrast, increasing dietary selenium did not result in well-defined plateaus for erythrocyte GPX1 activity and liver selenium in most species. Selenium-response curves for GPX1 mRNA for rodents and avians had well-defined plateaus and similar breakpoints. GPX4 mRNA was not significantly regulated by dietary selenium in rodents, but GPX4 mRNA in avians decreased in selenium deficiency to ∼35% of selenium-adequate plateau levels. Notably, no selenoprotein activities or mRNA were effective biomarkers for supernutritional selenium status. Robust biomarkers, such as liver GPX1 and plasma GPX3 activity for selenium, should be specific for the nutrient, fall dramatically in deficiency, and reach well-defined plateaus. Differences in biomarker-response curves may help researchers better understand nutrient metabolism and targeting of tissues in deficiency, thus to better characterize requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sunde
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rachel M Taylor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and
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Okosieme OE, Lazarus JH. Current trends in antithyroid drug treatment of Graves' disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:2005-17. [PMID: 27615550 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1232388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Graves' hyperthyroidism is associated with significant morbidity and mortality risk. The thionamides, methimazole, its pro-drug derivative carbimazole, and propylthiouracil, remain a cornerstone of management. Yet despite decades of use, optimal strategies for maximising treatment response and curtailing adverse effect risk remains uncertain. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the current literature on the evidence based medical management of Graves' disease. Specifically, we evaluated current approaches to the use of thionamides, adjunctive therapies, and potential novel agents for controlling Graves' hyperthyroidism. EXPERT OPINION Primary medical therapy is successful in less than 50% of cases and so careful selection of patients for medical treatment based on a combination of pathological and pragmatic considerations is essential. Carbimazole or methimazole is the treatment of choice in the non-pregnant population driven by its more favourable pharmacokinetic and adverse effect profile over propylthiouracil. In pregnancy the choice of treatment is less straightforward and an approach that minimises undue fetal exposure to all thionamides should be adopted. Additional data is needed on the value of adjunctive therapies including potassium perchlorate, iodides, glucocorticoids, lithium, and cholestyramine. Novel agents directed against pathogenetic targets including TSH receptor blocking monoclonal antibodies and small molecule antagonists may hold promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyebuchi E Okosieme
- a Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine , School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.,b Endocrine and Diabetes Department , Prince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board , Merthyr Tydfil , UK
| | - John H Lazarus
- a Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine , School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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67
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Gärtner R. Recent data on iodine intake in Germany and Europe. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 37:85-89. [PMID: 27421794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. These regulate metabolism, promote growth, development and maturation of all organs, especially the brain. Most iodine is found in oceans and most continental soil and ground water is deficient in iodine. Therefore, around 2 billion individuals are estimated to have insufficient iodine intake and are at risk of iodine deficiency disorders. The best carrier for save iodine supplementation is salt, as the daily intake of salt is mainly constant. Due to the collaboration between international and national organisations and the salt industry, many developing and developed countries introduced universal salt iodization (USI) or have mandatory or voluntary fortification programs. In Germany as in most European countries the use of iodized salt is voluntary not only in household but also in the food industry. Two recent epidemiological surveys in Germany revealed that 33% of children and 32% of adults are still suffering from mild to moderate iodine deficiency. The best surrogate parameter for iodine deficiency is goitre. The goitre prevalence is around 30% in children as well as in adults which is in accordance with the documented iodine deficiency. From other European countries epidemiological derived data on iodine intake are only available from Denmark and Poland. Further efforts are under way to reveal the iodine status with proper methods in all European countries. On this background it might be possible to establish adequate iodine fortification programs in all European countries.
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68
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Zevenbergen C, Korevaar TIM, Schuette A, Peeters RP, Medici M, Visser TJ, Schomburg L, Visser WE. Association of antiepileptic drug usage, trace elements and thyroid hormone status. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:425-32. [PMID: 26701870 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levels of thyroid hormone (TH) and trace elements (copper (Cu) and selenium (Se)) are important for development and function of the brain. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) can influence serum TH and trace element levels. As the relationship between AEDs, THs, and trace elements has not yet been studied directly, we explored these interactions. METHOD In total 898 participants, from the Thyroid Origin of Psychomotor Retardation study designed to investigate thyroid parameters in subjects with intellectual disability (ID), had data available on serum Se, Cu, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), reverse T3, T4, and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG); 401 subjects were on AED treatment. Differences in trace elements according to medication usage was investigated using ANOVA, and associations between trace elements and thyroid parameters were analysed using (non-) linear regression models. RESULTS Study participants were not deficient in any of the trace elements analyzed. AED (carbamazepine, valproate and phenytoin) usage was negatively associated with serum Se and showed compound-specific associations with Cu levels. After correction for drug usage, Se was positively associated with TSH levels, negatively associated with FT4 levels, and positively with T3 levels. Cu was positively associated with T4, T3, and rT3, which was largely dependent on TBG levels. CONCLUSION The subjects with ID did not display profound deficiencies in trace element levels. AEDs were associated with serum Se and Cu levels, while serum Se and Cu were also associated with thyroid parameters. Further studies on the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical importance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Zevenbergen
- Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Schuette
- Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theo J Visser
- Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Edward Visser
- Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Department of Internal MedicineRotterdam Thyroid CenterErasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Chang J, Choi J, Rah YC, Yoo MH, Oh KH, Im GJ, Lee SH, Kwon SY, Park HC, Chae SW, Jung HH. Sodium Selenite Acts as an Otoprotectant against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage in a Zebrafish Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151557. [PMID: 26974429 PMCID: PMC4790947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium selenite is a trace element essential for many physiological functions in the body. It is involved in various biological processes; it acts as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes that protect against free radicals and is reported to limit metal-mediated oxidative DNA damage. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sodium selenite on neomycin ototoxicity in wild-type and transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP). Five or six days post-fertilization, zebrafish larvae were co-exposed to 125 μM neomycin and various concentrations (10 μM, 100 μM, 250 μM, and 500 μM) of sodium selenite for 1 h. Hair cells within neuromasts of the supraorbital (SO1 and SO2), otic (O1), and occipital (OC1) lateral lines were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (n = 10 fish per treatment). Hair cell survival was estimated as the ratio of the hair cell numbers in each group compared to those of the control group that were not exposed to neomycin. Apoptosis and hair cell damage of neuromasts were evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and 2-[4-(dimethylamino) styryl]-N-ethylpyridinium iodide (DASPEI) assay, respectively. Ultrastructural changes were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Neuromast hair cells were preserved in zebrafish exposed to 125 μM neomycin and 500 μM sodium selenite for 1 h. Sodium selenite protected against neomycin-induced hair cell loss of neuromasts, reduced apoptosis, and prevented zebrafish ultrastructural changes. We propose that sodium selenite protects against neomycin-induced hair cell damage by inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing the disarray of stereocilia, and preventing ultrastructural changes in the neuromast hair cells of the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoon Chan Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Yoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jung Im
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Young Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Hyun Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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A histological study on the possible protective effect of selenium against chromium-induced thyrotoxicity in adult male albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000481747.20806.2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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71
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Nourbakhsh M, Ahmadpour F, Chahardoli B, Malekpour-Dehkordi Z, Nourbakhsh M, Hosseini-Fard SR, Doustimotlagh A, Golestani A, Razzaghy-Azar M. Selenium and its relationship with selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase in children and adolescents with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and hypothyroidism. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 34:10-4. [PMID: 26854239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The essential trace element selenium (Se) is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine and are responsible for biological functions of selenium. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is one of the major selenoproteins which protects the thyroid cells from oxidative damage. Selenoprotein P (SePP) is considered as the plasma selenium transporter to tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum Se and SePP levels, and GPx activity in erythrocytes of children and adolescents with treated Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and normal subjects. Blood samples were collected from 32 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 20 with hypothyroidism, and 25 matched normal subjects. All the patients were under treatment with levothyroxine and at the time of analysis all of the thyroid function tests were normal. GPx enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometry at 340 nm. Serum selenium levels were measured by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption. SePP, TPOAb (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody), and TgAb (anti-thyroglobulin antibody) were determined by ELISA kits. T4, T3, T3 uptake and TSH were also measured. Neither GPx activity nor SePP levels were significantly different in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or hypothyroidism compared to normal subjects. Although GPx and SePP were both lower in patients with hypothyroidism compared to those with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and normal subjects but the difference was not significant. Serum Se levels also did not differ significantly in patients and normal subjects. We did not find any correlation between GPx or SePP with TPOAb or TgAb but SePP was significantly correlated with Se. Results show that in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or hypothyroidism who have been under treatment with levothyroxine and have normal thyroid function tests, the GPx, SePP and Se levels are not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Chahardoli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Nourbakhsh
- H.Aliasghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy-Azar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; H.Aliasghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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72
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KHAN KU, ZUBERI A, NAZIR S, FERNANDES JBK, JAMIL Z, SARWAR H. Effects of dietary selenium nanoparticles on physiological andbiochemical aspects of juvenile Tor putitora. TURK J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an update on the role of the essential trace element selenium and its interaction with the other trace elements iodine and iron that together contribute to adequate thyroid hormone status. Synthesis, secretion, metabolism and action of thyroid hormone in target tissues depend on a balanced nutritional availability or supplementation of these elements. Selenium status is altered in benign and malignant thyroid diseases and various selenium compounds have been used to prevent or treat widespread diseases such as goiter, autoimmune thyroid disease or thyroid cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies, most with still too low numbers of cases, indicate that selenium administration in both autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto thyroiditis) and mild Graves' disease improves clinical scores and well-being of patients and reduces thyroperoxidase antibody titers. However, published results are still conflicting depending on basal selenium status, dose, time and form of selenium used for intervention. Evidence for sex-specific selenium action, lack of beneficial effects in pregnancy and contribution of genetic polymorphisms (selenoprotein S) has been presented. SUMMARY Adequate nutritional supply of selenium that saturates expression of circulating selenoprotein P, together with optimal iodine and iron intake, is required for a healthy and functional thyroid during development, adolescence, adulthood and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wang W, Xue H, Li Y, Hou X, Fan C, Wang H, Zhang H, Shan Z, Teng W. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis in NOD.H-2h4 Mice. Thyroid 2015; 25:1137-44. [PMID: 26121912 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the suppressive effect of selenium (Se) treatment on serum thyroid-specific antibody titers in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), but the mechanism underlying this process is not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of selenium on the incidence and severity of AIT, titers of thyroid autoantibodies, and selenoprotein expression in thyroid in a spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) model. METHODS NOD.H-2(h4) mice at four weeks of age were randomly divided into control, iodine supplement (SAT), and selenium supplement groups (SAT+Se). Mice were given 0.005% sodium iodide water for eight weeks to induce SAT and then 0.3 mg/L sodium selenite in drinking water for 8 weeks and 16 weeks. The severity of lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid, serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) titers, serum selenium concentration, expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1), thioredoxin reductase-1 (Txnrd1), and peroxiredoxin 5 were measured. RESULTS Serum selenium concentration significantly increased after selenium supplementation. Serum TgAb levels were significantly lower in the selenium group compared with the SAT group (p<0.05). The prevalence of thyroiditis and the degree of infiltration of lymphocytes decreased gradually over time in the group provided with selenium supplementation. The expression of GPx1 and Txnrd1 by Western blotting were found to be significantly higher in the SAT+Se group than in other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that selenium treatment can increase the function of antioxidation by upregulating the expression of selenoproteins in the thyroid and have an inhibitory effect on TgAb titers, which may have an impact on AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Xue
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yushu Li
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hou
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Chenling Fan
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Teng
- 1 The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases , Shenyang, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
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Calissendorff J, Mikulski E, Larsen EH, Möller M. A Prospective Investigation of Graves' Disease and Selenium: Thyroid Hormones, Auto-Antibodies and Self-Rated Symptoms. Eur Thyroid J 2015; 4:93-8. [PMID: 26279994 PMCID: PMC4521074 DOI: 10.1159/000381768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Graves' thyrotoxicosis tachycardia, weight loss and mental symptoms are common. Recovery takes time and varies between patients. Treatment with methimazole reduces thyroid hormone levels. According to previous research, this reduction has been faster if selenium (Se) is added. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate whether supplementing the pharmacologic treatment with Se could change the immune mechanisms, hormone levels and/or depression and anxiety. METHODS We prospectively investigated 38 patients with initially untreated thyrotoxicosis by measuring the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid receptor antibodies and thyroid peroxidase auto-antibodies before medication and at 6, 18 and 36 weeks after commencing treatment with methimazole and levo-thyroxine, with a randomized blinded oral administration of 200 µg Se/day or placebo. The selenoprotein P concentration was determined in plasma at inclusion and after 36 weeks. The patients were also assessed with questionnaires about depression, anxiety and self-rated symptoms before medication was started and after 36 weeks. RESULTS FT4 decreased more in the Se group at 18 weeks (14 vs. 17 pmol/l compared to the placebo group, p = 0.01) and also at 36 weeks (15 vs. 18 pmol/l, p = 0.01). The TSH increased more in the Se group at 18 weeks (0.05 vs. 0.02 mIU/l, p = 0.04). The depression and anxiety scores were similar in both groups. In the Se group, the depression rates correlated negatively with FT3 and positively with TSH. This was not seen in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Se supplementation can enhance biochemical restoration of hyperthyroidism, but whether this could shorten clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis and reduce mental symptoms must be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Calissendorff
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Jan Calissendorff, MD, PhD, Endocrine Section, VO Internmedicin, Södersjukhuset, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83 Stockholm (Sweden), E-Mail
| | - Emil Mikulski
- Department of Medicine, Mälarsjukhuset, Eskilstuna, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik H. Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Marika Möller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
This review aims to illustrate the importance of selenium (Se) for maintenance of overall health, especially for the thyroid, immunity, and homeostasis. Furthermore, it outlines the role of Se in reproduction and in virology and discusses the effects of Se supplementation in critical illness. The multifaceted aspects of this essential nutrient have attracted worldwide clinical and research interest in the last few decades. Se exerts its activity in the form of the aminoacid selenocysteine incorporated in selenoproteins. The impact of Se administration should be considered in relation to its apparent U shaped effects, i.e., exhibiting major advantages in Se-deficient individuals but specific health risks in those with Se excess. Addition of selenium to the administration of levothyroxine may be useful in patients with low Se intake and with mild-form or early-stage Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Serum Se concentration (possibly also at tissue level) decreases in inflammatory conditions and may vary with the severity and duration of the inflammatory process. In such cases, the effect of Se supplementation seems to be useful and rational. Meanwhile, Se's ability to improve the activity of T cells and the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells could render it effective in viral disease. However, the evidence, and this should be stressed, is at present conflicting as to whether Se supplementation is of benefit in patients with HT, though there are indications that it is advantageous in cases of mild/moderate Graves' Orbitopathy. The role of Se in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is ambiguous, driven by both Se intake and serum levels. The evidence that insulin and glycaemia influence the transport and activity of Se, via regulatory activity on selenoproteins, and that high serum Se may have a diabetogenic effect suggests a 'Janus-effect' of Se in T2DM. Though the evidence is not as yet clear-cut, the organic form (selenomethionine), due to its pharmacokinetics, is likely to be more advantageous in long-term prevention, and supplementation efforts, while the inorganic form (sodium selenite) has proven effective in an acute, e.g., sepsis, clinical setting. Recent data indicate that functional selenoprotein single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may interfere with Se utilization and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas H Duntas
- Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, 20 Papadiamantopoulou St, 115 28, Athens, Greece,
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Mahmoodianfard S, Vafa M, Golgiri F, Khoshniat M, Gohari M, Solati Z, Djalali M. Effects of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Thyroid Function in Overweight and Obese Hypothyroid Female Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:391-9. [PMID: 25758370 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.926161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) are essential trace elements involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Zn and Se supplementation on thyroid function of overweight or obese female hypothyroid patients in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. METHODS Sixty-eight female hypothyroid patients were randomly allocated to one of the 4 supplementation groups receiving Zn + Se (ZS; 30 mg Zn as zinc-gluconate and 200 μg Se as high-selenium yeast), Zn + placebo (ZP), Se + placebo (SP), or placebo + placebo (PP) for 12 weeks. Serum Zn, Se, free and total triiodothyronine (FT3 and FT4), free and total thyroxine (FT4 and TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and anthropometric parameters were measured. Dietary intake was recorded using 24-hour food recall. Physical activity questionnaire was completed. RESULTS No significant alterations were found in serum Zn or Se concentrations. Mean serum FT3 increased significantly in the ZS and ZP groups (p < 0.05) but this effect was significant in the ZP group compared to those in SP or PP groups (p < 0.05). Mean serum FT4 increased and TSH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the ZS group. TT3 and TT4 decreased significantly in the SP group (p < 0.05). Mean FT3:FT4 ratio was augmented significantly in the ZP group (p < 0.05). No significant treatment effects were found for TT3, FT4, TT4, or TSH between groups. CONCLUSION This study showed some evidence of an effect of Zn alone or in combination with Se on thyroid function of overweight or obese female hypothyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mahmoodianfard
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- c Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.,d Endocrine Research Center (Firouzgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Hemmat Campus), Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN
| | - Fatemeh Golgiri
- d Endocrine Research Center (Firouzgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Hemmat Campus), Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN
| | - Mohsen Khoshniat
- b Endocrinology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN
| | - Mahmoodreza Gohari
- e Department of Statistics, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN
| | - Zahra Solati
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN
| | - Mahmood Djalali
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN
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Yi JW, Park JY, Sung JY, Kwak SH, Yu J, Chang JH, Kim JH, Ha SY, Paik EK, Lee WS, Kim SJ, Lee KE, Kim JH. Genomic evidence of reactive oxygen species elevation in papillary thyroid carcinoma with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Endocr J 2015. [PMID: 26211532 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as a risk factor for the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). However, it has yet to be proven that the total levels of ROS are sufficiently increased to contribute to carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that if the ROS levels were increased in HT, ROS-related genes would also be differently expressed in PTC with HT. To find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) we analyzed data from the Cancer Genomic Atlas, gene expression data from RNA sequencing: 33 from normal thyroid tissue, 232 from PTC without HT, and 60 from PTC with HT. We prepared 402 ROS-related genes from three gene sets by genomic database searching. We also analyzed a public microarray data to validate our results. Thirty-three ROS related genes were up-regulated in PTC with HT, whereas there were only nine genes in PTC without HT (Chi-square p-value < 0.001). Mean log2 fold changes of up-regulated genes was 0.562 in HT group and 0.252 in PTC without HT group (t-test p-value = 0.001). In microarray data analysis, 12 of 32 ROS-related genes showed the same differential expression pattern with statistical significance. In gene ontology analysis, up-regulated ROS-related genes were related with ROS metabolism and apoptosis. Immune function-related and carcinogenesis-related gene sets were enriched only in HT group in Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Our results suggested that ROS levels may be increased in PTC with HT. Increased levels of ROS may contribute to PTC development in patients with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Yi
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Effect of low-dose selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in UK pregnant women with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. Eur J Nutr 2014; 55:55-61. [PMID: 25524327 PMCID: PMC4737786 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selenium is an essential trace mineral and a component of selenoproteins that are involved in the production of thyroid hormones and in regulating the immune response. We aimed to explore the effect of low-dose selenium supplementation on thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) concentration and thyroid function in pregnant women from a mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient population. METHODS Samples and data were from a secondary analysis of Selenium in PRegnancy INTervention (SPRINT), a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study that recruited 230 women with singleton pregnancies from a UK antenatal clinic at 12 weeks of gestation. Women were randomized to receive 60 µg/day selenium or placebo until delivery. Serum thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured at 12, 20 and 35 weeks and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) at 12 weeks. RESULTS 93.5% of participants completed the study. Se supplementation had no more effect than placebo in decreasing TPO-Ab concentration or the prevalence of TPO-Ab positivity during the course of pregnancy. In women who were either TPO-Ab or Tg-Ab negative at baseline (Thy-Ab(-ve)), TSH increased and FT4 decreased significantly throughout gestation (P < 0.001), with no difference between treatment groups. In women who were Thy-Ab(+ve) at baseline, TSH tended to decrease and was lower than placebo at 35 weeks (P = 0.050). FT4 fell more on Se than placebo supplementation and was significantly lower at 35 weeks (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Low-dose selenium supplementation in pregnant women with mild-to-moderate deficiency had no effect on TPO-Ab concentration, but tended to change thyroid function in Thy-Ab(+ve) women.
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Lin SL, Wang CW, Tan SR, Liang Y, Yao HD, Zhang ZW, Xu SW. Selenium deficiency inhibits the conversion of thyroidal thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in chicken thyroids. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:263-71. [PMID: 25129137 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) influences the metabolism of thyroid hormones in mammals. However, the role of Se deficiency in the regulation of thyroid hormones in chickens is not well known. In the present study, we examined the levels of thyroidal triiodothyronine (T3), thyroidal thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the serum and the mRNA expression levels of 25 selenoproteins in chicken thyroids. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to analyze the relationships between the selenoproteins. The results indicated that Se deficiency influenced the conversion of T4 to T3 and induced the accumulation of T4 and FT4. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of the selenoproteins were generally decreased by Se deficiency. The PCA showed that eight selenoproteins (deiodinase 1 (Dio1), Dio2, Dio3, thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2), selenoprotein i (Seli), selenoprotein u (Selu), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), and Gpx2) have similar trends, which indicated that they may play similar roles in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. The results showed that Se deficiency inhibited the conversion of T4 to T3 and decreased the levels of the crucial metabolic enzymes of the thyroid hormones, Dio1, Dio2, and Dio3, in chickens. In addition, the decreased selenoproteins (Dio1, Dio2, Dio3, Txnrd2, Seli, Selu, Gpx1, and Gpx2) induced by Se deficiency may indirectly limit the conversion of T4 to T3 in chicken thyroids. The information presented in this study is helpful to understand the role of Se in the thyroid function of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-lei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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81
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Morand GB, da Silva SD, Hier MP, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Insights into genetic and epigenetic determinants with impact on vitamin d signaling and cancer association studies: the case of thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:309. [PMID: 25414832 PMCID: PMC4220101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a key regulator of calcium metabolism and has been implicated as a cancer preventive agent. However, clinical studies have revealed conflicting results on its cancer preventive properties, attributed in part to multiple metabolic and regulatory factors susceptible to affect individual responses to exogenous vitamin D. Vitamin D is obtained from dietary sources and sun exposure, which depends on numerous parameters such as skin type, latitude, and lifestyle factors. Focusing on thyroid cancer (TC), we document that genetic and epigenetic determinants can greatly impact individual response to vitamin D and may outweigh the classical clinical correlative studies that focus on sun exposure/dietary intake factors. In particular, genetic determinants innate to host intrinsic metabolic pathways such as highly polymorphic cytochromes P450s responsible for the metabolic activation of vitamin D are expressed in many organs, including the thyroid gland and can impact vitamin D interaction with its nuclear receptor (VDR) in thyroid tissue. Moreover, downstream regulatory pathways in vitamin D signaling as well as VDR are also subject to wide genetic variability among human populations as shown by genome-wide studies. These genetic variations in multiple components of vitamin D pathways are critical determinants for the revaluation of the potential preventive and anticancer properties of vitamin D in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire B Morand
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Michael P Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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Krassas GE, Pontikides N, Tziomalos K, Tzotzas T, Zosin I, Vlad M, Luger A, Gessl A, Marculescu R, Toscano V, Morgante S, Papini E, Pirags V, Konrade I, Hybsier S, Hofmann PJ, Schomburg L, Köhrle J. Selenium status in patients with autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid diseases from four European countries. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2014; 9:685-692. [PMID: 30736204 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2014.960845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Selenium supplementation has been suggested for Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' ophthalmopathy. Objective, Design: Our aim is to measure selenium status (p-Se, p-SePP), urine iodine (UI) levels and urine iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/C) in different thyroid diseases (n = 416) from four European countries and to compare the results between patients with and without thyroid autoimmunity. RESULTS p-Se and p-SePP showed positive correlation and did not correlate with UI/C. Also, these measurements were higher in patients from Italy in comparison with the other countries. Austria had the lowest UI/C ratios. Selenium deficiency exists in these four European countries. Selenium status was lower in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease in comparison with non-autoimmune thyroid disease patients and did not differ between autoimmune patients with or without thyroid peroxidase antibodies. The latter correlated positively with age. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Se supplementation might have a beneficial effect in autoimmune thyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos E Krassas
- a Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, Tsimiski 92, 54622 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pontikides
- a Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, Tsimiski 92, 54622 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Tziomalos
- a Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, Tsimiski 92, 54622 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Tzotzas
- a Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, Tsimiski 92, 54622 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioana Zosin
- b Clinic of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timosoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Vlad
- b Clinic of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timosoara, Romania
| | - Anton Luger
- c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Gessl
- c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- d Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincenzo Toscano
- e Department of Medicine, Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Morgante
- e Department of Medicine, Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Papini
- f Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Regina Apostolorum - Albano Laziale, Rome, Italy
| | - Valdis Pirags
- g Department of Endocrinology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- h Department of Endocrinology, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sandra Hybsier
- i Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter J Hofmann
- i Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- i Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- i Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ren Y, Kitahara CM, de Gonzalez AB, Clero E, Brindel P, Maillard S, Cote S, Dewailly E, Rachedi F, Boissin JL, Sebbag J, Shan L, Bost-Bezeaud F, Petitdidier P, Xhaard C, Rubino C, de Vathaire F. Lack of Association between Fingernail Selenium and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in French Polynesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:5187-94. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.13.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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84
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Liang Y, Lin SL, Wang CW, Yao HD, Zhang ZW, Xu SW. Effect of selenium on selenoprotein expression in the adipose tissue of chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:41-8. [PMID: 24894829 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the effects of selenium (Se) deficiency on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of 25 selenoproteins (Sels) (including glutathione peroxidases (GPx1-GPx4), thioredoxin reductases (TrxR1-TrxR3), iodothyronine deiodinases (ID1-ID3), selenophosphate synthetase 2 (SPS2), 15-kDa Sel (Sel15), SelH, SelI, SelK, SelM, Sepn1, SelO, Sepx, Selpb, SelS, SelT, SelW, Sepp1, and SelU in the adipose tissues (subcutaneous adipose, visceral adipose, and articular adipose) of chickens. One hundred and fifty 1-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to two groups of 75 each and were fed a low-Se diet (0.032 mg/kg Se) or a control diet (0.282 mg/kg Se). The expression levels of 25 Sel mRNAs were determined on days 35, 45, and 55 from three parts (subcutaneous adipose, visceral adipose, and articular adipose) of the chicken adipose tissues. The results showed that the expression levels of the 25 Sel mRNAs were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the low-selenium group than in the control group. In addition, the Sel mRNA expression levels in the three adipose tissues were observed to decrease in a time-dependent manner with increasing feeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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85
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Marique L, Van Regemorter V, Gérard AC, Craps J, Senou M, Marbaix E, Rahier J, Daumerie C, Mourad M, Lengelé B, Colin IM, Many MC. The expression of dual oxidase, thyroid peroxidase, and caveolin-1 differs according to the type of immune response (TH1/TH2) involved in thyroid autoimmune disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1722-32. [PMID: 24476075 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are thyroid autoimmune disorders driven by Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and dual oxidase (DUOX) are thought to be part of the thyroxisome, which is essential to maintain thyroid hormone synthesis, at the apical membrane. OBJECTIVES To analyze the thyroxisome in HT and GD thyroids, we investigated Cav-1, DUOX, and TPO expression as well as markers of oxidative stress (OS), cell proliferation, apoptosis, and antioxidant defenses. The effects of cytokines on Cav-1 expression were analyzed in vitro. RESULTS In HT, the decrease in Cav-1, DUOX, and TPO expression was marked in follicles having the morphological aspect of active follicles in normal glands and thus called active-like follicles. T4 was not detected in the colloid but in the cytoplasm as well as DUOX and TPO. These abnormalities were associated with increased OS and cell damage. In the hypofunctioning follicles of HT and normal thyroids, Cav-1, DUOX, and TPO were not expressed. In GD, they were expressed at the apical pole of thyrocytes, and T4 accumulated in the colloid of all follicles. Th1 cytokines IL-1α/interferonγ decreased Cav-1 expression in vitro, whereas the Th2 cytokine IL-4 had no effect. CONCLUSION Th1 cytokine-induced down-regulation of Cav-1 could be responsible for intracytoplasmic T4 synthesis and mislocalization of DUOX and TPO, suggesting an important role for Cav-1 in the preservation of thyroxisome integrity. The thyroxisome's disruption, leading to uncontrolled OS and cell apoptosis, is a key, event in HT pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancelot Marique
- Pôle de Morphologie (L.M., V.V.R., A.C.G., J.C., M.S., B.L., I.M.C., M.-C.M.), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Départements d'Anatomo-Pathologie (E.M., J.R.), d'Endocrinologie (C.D.), and de Chirurgie Endocrinienne et de Transplantation rénale (M.M.), Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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86
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Dharmasena A. Selenium supplementation in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy: an update. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:365-75. [PMID: 24790886 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.02.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of selenium (Se) has already been proven in thyroid disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). In spite of clear scientific proof of its benefits in TAO, there appears to be no clear agreement among the clinicians regarding its optimum dose, duration of the treatment, efficacy and safety to date. In this review, the author summarises the findings of 135 English language articles published on this subject over the past four decades from 1973 to 2013. The regulation and metabolism of thyroid hormones require a steady supply of Se and recent studies have revealed several possible mechanisms by which Se improves the severity of thyroid disease and TAO. These mechanisms include 1) inhibitory effect of HLA-DR molecule expression on thyrocytes; 2) profound reductions of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHR-Ab) and TPO antibodies (TPO-Ab); 3) prevention of dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity and B cell function; 4) neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of redox control processes required for the activation, differentiation and action of lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells involved in both acute and chronic orbital inflammation in TAO; 5) inhibition of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and 6) inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. An increased oxidative stress has been observed in both acute and chronic phases of thyroid disease with raised tissue concentrations of ROS. The benefits of Se supplementation in individuals with TAO appear to be proportionate to the degree of systemic activity of the thyroid disease. The maximal benefit of Se supplementation is therefore seen in the subjects who are hyperthyroid. Restoration of euthyroidism is one of the main goals in the management of TAO and when anti-thyroid drugs are combined with Se, the patients with Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) achieved euthyroidism faster than those treated with anti-thyroid drugs alone. Se status of normal adult humans can vary widely and Se supplementation may confer benefit only if serum Se levels are insufficient. The author recommends that serum Se levels of patients with TAO to be assessed prior to and during Se supplementation at regular intervals to avoid potential iatrogenic chronic Se overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Dharmasena
- Department of Oculoplastics, Lacrimal and Orbital Surgery, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WH, UK
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87
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Raymond LJ, Deth RC, Ralston NVC. Potential Role of Selenoenzymes and Antioxidant Metabolism in relation to Autism Etiology and Pathology. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 2014:164938. [PMID: 24734177 PMCID: PMC3966422 DOI: 10.1155/2014/164938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are behaviorally defined, but the biochemical pathogenesis of the underlying disease process remains uncharacterized. Studies indicate that antioxidant status is diminished in autistic subjects, suggesting its pathology is associated with augmented production of oxidative species and/or compromised antioxidant metabolism. This suggests ASD may result from defects in the metabolism of cellular antioxidants which maintain intracellular redox status by quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS). Selenium-dependent enzymes (selenoenzymes) are important in maintaining intercellular reducing conditions, particularly in the brain. Selenoenzymes are a family of ~25 genetically unique proteins, several of which have roles in preventing and reversing oxidative damage in brain and endocrine tissues. Since the brain's high rate of oxygen consumption is accompanied by high ROS production, selenoenzyme activities are particularly important in this tissue. Because selenoenzymes can be irreversibly inhibited by many electrophiles, exposure to these organic and inorganic agents can diminish selenoenzyme-dependent antioxidant functions. This can impair brain development, particularly via the adverse influence of oxidative stress on epigenetic regulation. Here we review the physiological roles of selenoproteins in relation to potential biochemical mechanisms of ASD etiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Raymond
- Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, 15 North 23rd Street, Stop 9018, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Richard C. Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas V. C. Ralston
- Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, 15 North 23rd Street, Stop 9018, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Eskes SA, Endert E, Fliers E, Birnie E, Hollenbach B, Schomburg L, Köhrle J, Wiersinga WM. Selenite supplementation in euthyroid subjects with thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:444-51. [PMID: 23844613 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Euthyroid thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab)-positive subjects are at risk for progression to subclinical and overt autoimmune hypothyroidism. Previous studies have shown a decrease in TPO-Ab and improvement of quality-of-life (QoL) in L-T4-treated hypothyroid patients upon selenium supplementation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate in euthyroid TPO-Ab-positive women without thyroid medication whether selenite decreases TPO-Ab and improves QoL. DESIGN Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Euthyroid (TSH 0·5-5·0 mU/l, FT4 10-23 pm) women with TPO-Ab ≥ 100 kU/l were randomized to receive 200 mcg sodium selenite daily (n = 30) or placebo (n = 31) for 6 months. TSH, FT4, TPO-Ab, selenium (Se), selenoprotein P (SePP) and QoL were measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the Se group and the placebo group. During selenite supplementation, serum Se and SePP did not change in the placebo group, but increased in the Se group. TPO-Ab and TSH did not change significantly in any group. TPO-Ab in the Se group were 895 (130-6800) at baseline, 1360 (60-7050) kU/l at 6 months, in the placebo group 1090 (120-9200) and 1130 (80-9900) kU/l, respectively (median values with range). TSH in the Se group was 2·1 (0·5-4·3) at baseline, 1·7 (0·0-5·3) mU/l at 6 months, in the placebo group 2·4 (0·7-4·4) and 2·5 (0·2-4·3) mU/l, respectively. QoL was not different between the groups. CONCLUSION Six months selenite supplementation increased markers of selenium status but had no effect on serum TPO-Ab, TSH or quality-of-life in euthyroid TPO-Ab-positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Eskes
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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89
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Koukkou E, Ilias I, Alexiou M, Mamali I, Nicopoulou S, Alevizaki M, Markou K. Urine selenium changes during pregnancy do not correlate with thyroid autoantibodies in a mildly iodine deficient population. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 157:9-13. [PMID: 24249585 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a key component of iodinases; higher Se levels are associated with lower titers of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO). Pregnancy exerts profound effects on thyroid function and autoimmunity. To assess the relationship of urine Se levels with thyroid function and autoimmunity in pregnant women residing in Athens, Greece, we studied prospectively 47 euthyroid women in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies (mean age + SD: 30 + 5 years) in each trimester, measuring urine Se levels, urine iodine, plasma thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine and triiodothyronine (FT4 and FT3), as well as levels of anti-TPO antibodies. Changes of the measured parameters were assessed over each trimester; thyroid parameters were assessed with relation to Se levels. Urine Se dropped by the third trimester, whereas urine iodine did not change appreciably during pregnancy. TSH and anti-TPO did not show appreciable changes; FT4 and FT3 gradually decreased as the pregnancy advanced. No relationship between urine Se levels and anti-TPO was found. During pregnancy, changes in urine Se levels accompany mild changes in thyroid function. However, we did not find some association between these changes and thyroid autoimmune activity over this period, probably because the effect of Se on thyroid autoimmunity may only become apparent in case of excess Se fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koukkou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, E. Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece,
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90
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Roseni Mundstock Dias G, Medeiros Golombieski R, de Lima Portella R, Pires do Amaral G, Antunes Soares F, Teixeira da Rocha JB, Wayne Nogueira C, Vargas Barbosa N. Diphenyl diselenide modulates gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of female hypothyroid rats. Neuroendocrinology 2014; 100:45-59. [PMID: 25012258 DOI: 10.1159/000365515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular antioxidant signaling can be altered either by thyroid disturbances or by selenium status. AIMS To investigate whether or not dietary diphenyl diselenide can modify the expression of genes of antioxidant enzymes and endpoint markers of oxidative stress under hypothyroid conditions. METHODS Female rats were rendered hypothyroid by continuous exposure to methimazole (MTZ; 20 mg/100 ml in the drinking water) for 3 months. Concomitantly, MTZ-treated rats were either fed or not with a diet containing diphenyl diselenide (5 ppm). mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant/oxidant status were determined in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum. RESULTS Hypothyroidism caused a marked upregulation in mRNA expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD-1, SOD-3), glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1, GPx-4) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR-1) in brain structures. SOD-2 was increased in the cortex and striatum, while TrxR-2 increased in the cerebral cortex. The increase in mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes was positively correlated with the Nrf-2 transcription in the cortex and hippocampus. Hypothyroidism caused oxidative stress, namely an increase in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species levels in the hippocampus and striatum, and a decrease in nonprotein thiols in the cerebral cortex. Diphenyl diselenide was effective in reducing brain oxidative stress and normalizing most of the changes observed in gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION The present work corroborates and extends that hypothyroidism disrupts antioxidant enzyme gene expression and causes oxidative stress in the brain. Furthermore, diphenyl diselenide may be considered a promising molecule to counteract these effects in a hypothyroidism state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaecir Roseni Mundstock Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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91
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Foroughi MA, Dehghani H. Short communication: quantitative comparison of iodothyronine deiodinase I and II mRNA expression in ovine tissues. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:891-3. [PMID: 23916591 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Iodothyronine deiodinases I and II (DIO1 and DIO2) remove iodine from T4 to convert it to a more biologically active T3. The relative contribution of different tissue deiodinases to the establishment of a euthyroid state in sheep is not known. The objective of this study was to quantitate the amounts of transcription of DIO1 and DIO2 deiodinases in different ovine tissues. Using RT-qPCR, we found that DIO1 deiodinase is transcribed in skeletal muscle, kidney, and heart, more than thyroid, in diaphragm in quantities very similar to thyroid, and in liver, spleen, lung, and mammary gland lower than thyroid. We also found that the level of DIO2 transcription in all other tissues was lower than that in thyroid. In clinical settings, measurement of DIO1 and DIO2 expression in a given tissue may provide important clues on the intensity of selenium deficiency and its effects on the metabolism of thyroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Foroughi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran.
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92
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Bülow Pedersen I, Knudsen N, Carlé A, Schomburg L, Köhrle J, Jørgensen T, Rasmussen LB, Ovesen L, Laurberg P. Serum selenium is low in newly diagnosed Graves' disease: a population-based study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:584-90. [PMID: 23448365 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Selenium deficiency may play an important role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune thyroid disease. OBJECTIVE To compare serum selenium (s-Se) values in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune thyroid disease and controls from the Danish population. DESIGN AND SETTINGS S-Se was measured in triplicate by a fluorimetric method. PARTICIPANTS Patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease (GD) (n = 97) or autoimmune overt hypothyroidism (AIH) (n = 96), euthyroid subjects with high serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) (TPO-Ab > 1500 U/ml, n = 92) and random controls (n = 830). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Differences in s-Se values. RESULTS S-Se was lower in patients with GD than in controls (mean (SD), GD: 89·9 μg/l (18·4); controls: 98·8 μg/l (19·7), P < 0·01). This was confirmed in a multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, sex, mineral supplements, smoking, geographical region and time of sampling (P < 0·01). In a linear model, s-Se was similar in patients with AIH (mean (SD): 98·4 μg/l (24·9)) and in controls (P = 0·86). In the multivariate model however, s-Se was marginally lower in patients with AIH compared to controls (P = 0·04). There was no significant difference in s-Se between euthyroid participants with high TPO-Ab and random controls (linear: P = 0·97; multivariate: P = 0·27). CONCLUSION Patients with newly diagnosed GD and AIH had significantly lower s-Se compared with random controls. Our observation supports the postulated link between inadequate selenium supply and overt autoimmune thyroid disease, especially GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Bülow Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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93
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Risk factors for stillbirth and dystocia in Japanese Black cattle. Vet J 2013; 198:212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide information on the role of the essential trace element selenium, which enables appropriate thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and metabolism, and to discuss supplementation with various selenium compounds, which prevent thyroid diseases such as goiter and exert beneficial effects in thyroid autoimmune diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Selenium administration in both autoimmune thyroiditis (M. Hashimoto) and mild Graves' disease improves clinical scores and well-being of patients and reduces autoimmune antibody titres in several prospective, placebo-controlled supplementation studies. SUMMARY Adequate nutritional supply of selenium, together with the two other essential trace elements iodine and iron, is required for a healthy thyroid during development and adolescence, as well as in the adult and aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
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95
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Huang L, Shi Y, Lu F, Zheng H, Liu X, Gong B, Yang J, Lin Y, Cheng J, Ma S, Lin H, Yang Z. Association study of polymorphisms in selenoprotein genes and Kashin-Beck disease and serum selenium/iodine concentration in a Tibetan population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71411. [PMID: 24058403 PMCID: PMC3751926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kashin-Beck disease is a kind of degenerative osteoarthropathy. Genetic factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of KBD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the selenoprotein genes GPX1 (rs1050450, rs1800668, and rs3811699), TrxR2 (rs5748469), and DIO2 (rs225014) with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in a Tibetan population and to investigate the association of these SNPs with the serum iodine/selenium concentration in the Tibetan population. DESIGN Five SNPs including rs1050450, rs1800668, and rs3811699 in the GPX1 gene, rs5748469 in the TrxR2 gene, and rs225014 in the DIO2 gene were analyzed in Tibetan KBD patients and controls using the SNaPshot method. P trend values of the SNPs were calculated using an additive model. RESULTS None of the five SNPs in the three genes showed a significant association with KBD. Haplotypes TCC, TTC and TTT of rs1050450, rs1800668 and rs3811699 in GPX1 showed a significant association with KBD and controls with P value of 0.0421, 5.0E-4 and 0.0066, respectively. The GPX1 gene (rs1050450) showed a potential significant association with the iodine concentration in the Tibetan study population (P = 0.02726). However, no such association was detected with the selenium concentration (P = 0.2849). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we showed that single SNPs in the genes GPX1 (rs1050450, rs1800668 and rs3811699), TrxR2 (rs5748469), and DIO2 (rs225014) may not be significantly associated with KBD in a Tibetan population. However, haplotype analysis of SNPs rs1050450, rs1800668 and rs3811699 in GPX1 gene showed a significant association with KBD. The results suggested that GPX1 gene play a protective role in the susceptivity of KBD in Tibetans. Furthermore, the GPX1 gene (rs1050450) may be significantly associated with the serum iodine concentration in Tibetans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Huang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyun Yang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Lin
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Translational Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Foroughi MA, Dehghani H, Mahdavi-Shahri N, Bassami MR. Sodium selenite increases the transcript levels of iodothyronine deiodinases I and II in ovine and bovine fetal thyrocytes in vitro. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013; 27:213-20. [PMID: 23481027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is essential for thyroid hormone homeostasis. Selenium is co-translationally incorporated into the protein backbone of 5' deiodinase enzymes, which are responsible for the intra- and extra-thyroidal activation of thyroid hormones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the transcript levels of type I (DIO1) and II (DIO2) deiodinases in the primary culture of ovine and bovine fetal thyroid. By culture of fetal thyrocytes in the presence or absence of sodium selenite, and quantification of DIO1 and DIO2 transcripts using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we found that sodium selenite is able to increase the abundance of transcripts for DIO1 and DIO2 genes. We also found that cultured thyrocytes in the presence of sodium selenite compared to control cultured thyrocytes release more T3 into the culture medium. This indicates that in the presence of sodium selenite higher levels of DIO1 and DIO2 enzymes are produced, which are able to convert T4 to T3. In conclusion, we have shown that sodium selenite is increasing the abundance of DIO1 and DIO2 transcripts and increasing the production and release of T3 from cultured fetal thyrocytes. This finding emphasizes the role of selenium in transcriptional and expression processes during development and suggests that selenium deficiency during pregnancy in sheep and cattle may lead to the lower levels of DIO1 and DIO2 transcription in fetal thyroid, and thus, lower level of thyroidal T3 release into the fetal serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Foroughi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran.
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97
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Ning YJ, Wang X, Ren L, Guo X. Effects of dietary factors on selenium levels of children to prevent Kashin-Beck disease during a high-prevalence period in an endemic area: a cohort study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:58-68. [PMID: 23568712 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) supplements have been used to control Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) for decades, but the effect of diet without Se supplements is unclear because the prevalence of KBD has decreased. This matched cohort study was undertaken to determine dietary factors affecting selenium nutrition status of children living in KBD areas and the effects of Se supplements in preventing KBD. A total of 593 children aged 5-12 years were randomly selected during the high prevalence period of KBD from 1992 to 1995. Children in one village received Se supplemented (Se+) salt and were matched with three children in 16 other villages who did not receive Se supplemented (Se-) salt. A questionnaire and determinations of occipital hair Se to reflect body Se status were obtained at baseline (April 1992), at 6 months (October 1992), and yearly each April through 1995. Hair Se content in the Se+ group was significantly higher than in the Se- group (P < 0.001) at all time-points and was significantly related to the incidence of suspected KBD symptoms (P = 0.018). Four dietary factors significantly affected hair Se contents. Se levels were increased by consumption of Se+ salt (P < 0.001) and eating meat/egg often (P = 0.019) or occasionally (P = 0.001). Se levels were decreased by consumption of grain mildewed at harvest or in storage (P < 0.001 for each) and drinking ditch, river, or cellar water (P < 0.001; P = 0.002; P < 0.001, respectively). These results show that Se+ salt had a significant effect in maintaining the Se nutrition status of children in this cohort study but that dietary factors in those without Se supplements contributed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Ning
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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98
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Hassanin KMA, Abd El-Kawi SH, Hashem KS. The prospective protective effect of selenium nanoparticles against chromium-induced oxidative and cellular damage in rat thyroid. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1713-20. [PMID: 23658489 PMCID: PMC3646488 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology has enabled researchers to synthesize nanosize particles that possess increased surface areas. Compared to conventional microparticles, it has resulted in increased interactions with biological targets. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the protective ability of selenium nanoparticles against hexavalent chromium-induced thyrotoxicity. Design Twenty male rats were used in the study, and arbitrarily assigned to four groups. Group 1 was the control group, and was given phosphate-buffered saline. Group 2 was the chromium-treated group and was given K2Cr2O7 60 μg/kg body weight intraperitoneally as a single dose on the third day of administration. Group 3 was the nano-selenium-treated group and was given selenium nanoparticles (size 3–20 nm) 0.5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally daily for 5 consecutive days. Group 4 was the nano-selenium chromium-treated group, which received selenium nanoparticles for 5 days and a single dose of K2Cr2O7 on the third day of administration. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected from rats for measuring thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine [T3] and free thyroxine [T4]) and oxidative and antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA], reduced glutathione [GSH], catalase, and superoxide dismutase [SOD]). Upon dissection, thyroid glands were taken for histopathological examination by using paraffin preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for detecting cellular proliferation using Ki67 antibodies. Results The present study shows that K2Cr2O7 has a toxic effect on the thyroid gland as a result of inducing a marked oxidative damage and release of reactive oxygen species. This was shown by the significant decrease in free T3 and T4 and GSH levels, which was accompanied by significant increases in catalase, SOD, and MDA in the chromium-treated group compared to the control group. Se nanoparticles have a protective effect on K2Cr2O7-induced thyroid damage, as a result of correcting the free T3 and T4 levels and GSH, catalase, SOD, and MDA compared to the K2Cr2O7-treated group. Administration of nano-selenium alone in the nano-selenium-treated group had no toxic effect on rats’ thyroid compared to the control group. The biochemical results were confirmed by histopathological, immunohistochemical and pathomorphological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel M A Hassanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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99
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Drutel A, Archambeaud F, Caron P. Selenium and the thyroid gland: more good news for clinicians. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:155-64. [PMID: 23046013 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid is the organ with the highest selenium content per gram of tissue because it expresses specific selenoproteins. Since the discovery of myxoedematous cretinism and thyroid destruction following selenium repletion in iodine- and selenium-deficient children, data on links between thyroid metabolism and selenium have multiplied. Although very minor amounts of selenium appear sufficient for adequate activity of deiodinases, thus limiting the impact of its potential deficiency on synthesis of thyroid hormones, selenium status appears to have an impact on the development of thyroid pathologies. The value of selenium supplementation in autoimmune thyroid disorders has been emphasized. Most authors attribute the effect of supplementation on the immune system to the regulation of the production of reactive oxygen species and their metabolites. In patients with Hashimoto's disease and in pregnant women with anti-TPO antibodies, selenium supplementation decreases anti-thyroid antibody levels and improves the ultrasound structure of the thyroid gland. Although clinical applications still need to be defined for Hashimoto's disease, they are very interesting for pregnant women given that supplementation significantly decreases the percentage of postpartum thyroiditis and definitive hypothyroidism. In Graves' disease, selenium supplementation results in euthyroidism being achieved more rapidly and appears to have a beneficial effect on mild inflammatory orbitopathy. A risk of diabetes has been reported following long-term selenium supplementation, but few data are available on the side effects associated with such supplementation and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Drutel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic diseases, Hôpital du Cluzeau, Limoges Cedex, France
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Abstract
About three-fourths of the total world population live in the tropics but consume only 6% of worldwide food production and contribute 15% of the world's net revenue explaining the short life expectancy, high infantile mortality, and poor daily caloric intake; moreover, lack of clean drinking water and deficient sanitation promote water-borne infections, diarrhea, and risk of malabsorption that contribute to the prevalence of malnutrition in the tropics. One-third of the world's population consumes insufficient iodine increasing the risk for mental retardation and deafness due to maternal hypothyroidism. The main nutritional syndromes comprise protein-energy malnutrition (marasmus and kwashiorkor); nutritional neuropathies, myelopathies and neuromyelopathies, as well as specific deficiencies of vitamins and micronutrients including iodine, iron, zinc, and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Román
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College and Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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