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Structure-activity relationship of ochratoxin A and synthesized derivatives: importance of amino acid and halogen moiety for cytotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1461-1471. [PMID: 27422291 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The enigma why the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) impairs cell and organ function is still not solved. However, an interaction with target molecules is a prerequisite for any observed adverse effect. This interaction depends on characteristics of the target molecule as well as on the OTA molecule itself. OTA has different structural moieties which may be relevant for these interrelations including a halogen (chlorine) and an amino acid group (phenylalanine). To test their importance for the impact of OTA, detailed structure-activity studies with various OTA derivatives were performed. For this, 23 OTA derivatives were available, which were modified by either an exchange of the halogen moiety against another halogen (fluorine, iodine or bromine) or by the amino acid moiety against another one (tyrosine or alanine) or a combination of both. Additionally, the configuration of the 3R carbon atom was changed to 3S. These derivatives were tested in human renal cells for their ability to induce cell death (cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis), their impact on collagen protein secretion and for their influence on gene expression. It turned out that the substitution of the amino acid moiety against tyrosine or alanine almost completely prevented the adverse effects of OTA. The exchange of the halogen moiety had minor effects and the inversion of the stereochemistry at C3 did not prevent the effects of OTA. Therefore, we conclude that the amino acid moiety of OTA is indispensable for the interaction of OTA with its target molecules.
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WISP1 Is Increased in Intestinal Mucosa and Contributes to Inflammatory Cascades in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:3547096. [PMID: 27403031 PMCID: PMC4925963 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3547096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mainly characterized by intestinal tissue damage, which is caused by excessive autoimmune responses poorly controlled by corresponding regulatory mechanisms. WISP1, which belongs to the CCN protein family, is a secreted matricellular protein regulating several inflammatory pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and has been reported in several diseases including cancer. Here we examined the expression, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of WISP1 in IBD. WISP1 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in colonic biopsies and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) of IBD patients compared with those of healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α induced WISP1 expression in LPMC from healthy controls. Consistently, WISP1 mRNA expression was downregulated in colonic biopsies from IBD patients who had achieved clinical remission with infliximab (IFX). Furthermore, WISP1 expression was also found to be increased in colons from 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced mice compared with those from control mice. Further studies confirmed that administration of rWISP1 could aggravate TNBS-induced colitis in vivo. Therefore, we concluded that WISP1 is increased in IBD and contributes to the proinflammatory cascades in the gut.
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Sahin Ersoy G, Altun Ensari T, Subas S, Giray B, Simsek EE, Cevik O. WISP1 is a novel adipokine linked to metabolic parameters in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:942-946. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1192118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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WISP1 mediates IL-6-dependent proliferation in primary human lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20547. [PMID: 26867691 PMCID: PMC4751539 DOI: 10.1038/srep20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease. IPF is characterized by epithelial cell injury and reprogramming, increases in (myo)fibroblasts, and altered deposition of extracellular matrix. The Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1) is involved in impaired epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we aimed to further investigate WISP1 regulation and function in primary human lung fibroblasts (phLFs). We demonstrate that WISP1 is directly upregulated by Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in phLFs, using a luciferase-based reporter system. WISP1 mRNA and protein secretion increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by TGFβ1 and TNFα in phLFs, as analysed by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Notably, WISP1 is required for TGFβ1- and TNFα-dependent induction of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a mechanism that is conserved in IPF phLFs. The siRNA-mediated WISP1 knockdown led to a significant IL-6 reduction after TGFβ1 or TNFα stimulation. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated downregulation or antibody-mediated neutralization of WISP1 reduced phLFs proliferation, a process that was in part rescued by IL-6. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that WISP1-induced IL-6 expression contributes to the pro-proliferative effect on fibroblasts, which is likely orchestrated by a variety of profibrotic mediators, including Wnts, TGFβ1 and TNFα.
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Geng R, Noda T, Mulvaney JF, Lin VYW, Edge ASB, Dabdoub A. Comprehensive Expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway Genes during Development and Maturation of the Mouse Cochlea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148339. [PMID: 26859490 PMCID: PMC4747503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the inner ear Wnt signaling is necessary for proliferation, cell fate determination, growth of the cochlear duct, polarized orientation of stereociliary bundles, differentiation of the periotic mesenchyme, and homeostasis of the stria vascularis. In neonatal tissue Wnt signaling can drive proliferation of cells in the sensory region, suggesting that Wnt signaling could be used to regenerate the sensory epithelium in the damaged adult inner ear. Manipulation of Wnt signaling for regeneration will require an understanding of the dynamics of Wnt pathway gene expression in the ear. We present a comprehensive screen for 84 Wnt signaling related genes across four developmental and postnatal time points. RESULTS We identified 72 Wnt related genes expressed in the inner ear on embryonic day (E) 12.5, postnatal day (P) 0, P6 and P30. These genes included secreted Wnts, Wnt antagonists, intracellular components of canonical signaling and components of non-canonical signaling/planar cell polarity. CONCLUSION A large number of Wnt signaling molecules were dynamically expressed during cochlear development and in the early postnatal period, suggesting complex regulation of Wnt transduction. The data revealed several potential key regulators for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishuang Geng
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teppei Noda
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna F. Mulvaney
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Y. W. Lin
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albert S. B. Edge
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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RGD peptides protects against acute lung injury in septic mice through Wisp1-integrin β6 pathway inhibition. Shock 2016; 43:352-60. [PMID: 25526379 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a common consequence of sepsis, a life-threatening inflammatory response caused by severe infection. In this study, we elucidate the attenuating effects of synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptides (RGDs) on acute lung injury in a sepsis mouse model. We further reveal that the beneficial effects of RGDs stem from their negative regulation of the Wisp1 (WNT1-inducible signaling pathway)-integrin β6 pathway. After inducing sepsis using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), mice were randomized into experimental and control groups, and survival rates were recorded over 7 days, whereas only 20% of mice subjected to CLP survived when compared with untreated controls; the addition of RGDs to this treatment regimen dramatically increased the survival rate to 80%. Histological analysis revealed acute lung injury in CLP-treated mice, whereas those subjected to the combined treatment of CLP and RGDs showed a considerable decrease in lung injury severity. The addition of RGDs also dramatically attenuated other common sepsis-associated effects, such as increased white blood cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and decreased pulmonary capillary barrier function. Furthermore, treatment with RGDs decreased the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, contrary to the CLP treatment alone that increased the levels of these proteins. Interestingly, however, RGDs had no detectable effect on bacterial invasion following sepsis induction. In addition, mice treated with RGDs showed decreased levels of wisp1 and integrin β6 when compared with CLP-treated mice. In the present study, a linkage between Wisp1 and integrin β6 was evaluated in vivo. Most strikingly, RGDs resulted in a decreased association of Wisp1 with integrin β6 based on coimmunoprecipitation analyses. These data suggest that RGDs ameliorate acute lung injury in a sepsis mouse model by inhibiting the Wisp1-integrin β6 pathway.
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Abstract
Wnt-1 inducible signaling pathway-1 (WISP-1), also known as CCN-4, belongs to the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) family. WISP-1 is primarily expressed in embryonic stem cells and is involved in adult organ development. WISP-1 participates in many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and adhesion. In addition, WISP-1 plays an important role in diverse pathophysiological processes, such as embryonic development, inflammation, injury repairs and cancers. Recent studies showed that WISP-1 was highly correlated with tumor progression and malignant transformation, whereas it played an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. However, interestingly, WISP-1 exerts a tumor-suppressing role in lung and prostate cancers. WISP-1 promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, invasion, metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via particular signaling pathways. In this review, we discussed the structure, expression profile, functions, clinical significance and potential mechanisms of WISP-1 in cancer and non-neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Feng
- Laboratory of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Shuqin Jia
- Laboratory of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Wnt pathway in Dupuytren disease: connecting profibrotic signals. Transl Res 2015; 166:762-771.e3. [PMID: 26470681 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A role of Wnt signaling in Dupuytren disease, a fibroproliferative disease of the hand and fingers, has not been fully elucidated. We examined a large set of Wnt pathway components and signaling targets and found significant dysregulation of 41 Wnt-related genes in tissue from the Dupuytren nodules compared with patient-matched control tissue. A large proportion of genes coding for Wnt proteins themselves was downregulated. However, both canonical Wnt targets and components of the noncanonical signaling pathway were upregulated. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that protein expression of Wnt1-inducible secreted protein 1 (WISP1), a known Wnt target, was increased in nodules compared with control tissue, but knockdown of WISP1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the Dupuytren myofibroblasts did not confirm a functional role. The protein expression of noncanonical pathway components Wnt5A and VANGL2 as well as noncanonical coreceptors Ror2 and Ryk was increased in nodules. On the contrary, the strongest downregulated genes in this study were 4 antagonists of Wnt signaling (DKK1, FRZB, SFRP1, and WIF1). Downregulation of these genes in the Dupuytren tissue was mimicked in vitro by treating normal fibroblasts with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), suggesting cross talk between different profibrotic pathways. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of these antagonists in normal fibroblasts led to increased nuclear translocation of Wnt target β-catenin in response to TGF-β1 treatment. In conclusion, we have shown extensive dysregulation of Wnt signaling in affected tissue from Dupuytren disease patients. Components of both the canonical and the noncanonical pathways are upregulated, whereas endogenous antagonists are downregulated, possibly via interaction with other profibrotic pathways.
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Barter MJ, Tselepi M, Gómez R, Woods S, Hui W, Smith GR, Shanley DP, Clark IM, Young DA. Genome-Wide MicroRNA and Gene Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Identifies an Essential Role and Multiple Targets for miR-140-5p. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3266-80. [PMID: 26175215 PMCID: PMC4737122 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are abundantly expressed in development where they are critical determinants of cell differentiation and phenotype. Accordingly miRNAs are essential for normal skeletal development and chondrogenesis in particular. However, the question of which miRNAs are specific to the chondrocyte phenotype has not been fully addressed. Using microarray analysis of miRNA expression during mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation and detailed examination of the role of essential differentiation factors, such as SOX9, TGF-β, and the cell condensation phase, we characterize the repertoire of specific miRNAs involved in chondrocyte development, highlighting in particular miR-140 and miR-455. Further with the use of mRNA microarray data we integrate miRNA expression and mRNA expression during chondrogenesis to underline the particular importance of miR-140, especially the -5p strand. We provide a detailed identification and validation of direct targets of miR-140-5p in both chondrogenesis and adult chondrocytes with the use of microarray and 3'UTR analysis. This emphasizes the diverse array of targets and pathways regulated by miR-140-5p. We are also able to confirm previous experimentally identified targets but, additionally, identify a novel positive regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by miR-140-5p. Wnt signaling has a complex role in chondrogenesis and skeletal development and these findings illustrate a previously unidentified role for miR-140-5p in regulation of Wnt signaling in these processes. Together these developments further highlight the role of miRNAs during chondrogenesis to improve our understanding of chondrocyte development and guide cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J. Barter
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Tselepi
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven Woods
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Wang Hui
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Smith
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Daryl P. Shanley
- Institute for Ageing and HealthNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Clark
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - David A. Young
- Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
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Krupska I, Bruford EA, Chaqour B. Eyeing the Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) group of genes in development and diseases: highlights of their structural likenesses and functional dissimilarities. Hum Genomics 2015; 9:24. [PMID: 26395334 PMCID: PMC4579636 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
“CCN” is an acronym referring to the first letter of each of the first three members of this original group of mammalian functionally and phylogenetically distinct extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [i.e., cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and nephroblastoma-overexpressed (NOV)]. Although “CCN” genes are unlikely to have arisen from a common ancestral gene, their encoded proteins share multimodular structures in which most cysteine residues are strictly conserved in their positions within several structural motifs. The CCN genes can be subdivided into members developmentally indispensable for embryonic viability (e.g., CCN1, 2 and 5), each assuming unique tissue-specific functions, and members not essential for embryonic development (e.g., CCN3, 4 and 6), probably due to a balance of functional redundancy and specialization during evolution. The temporo-spatial regulation of the CCN genes and the structural information contained within the sequences of their encoded proteins reflect diversity in their context and tissue-specific functions. Genetic association studies and experimental anomalies, replicated in various animal models, have shown that altered CCN gene structure or expression is associated with “injury” stimuli—whether mechanical (e.g., trauma, shear stress) or chemical (e.g., ischemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation). Consequently, increased organ-specific susceptibility to structural damages ensues. These data underscore the critical functions of CCN proteins in the dynamics of tissue repair and regeneration and in the compensatory responses preceding organ failure. A better understanding of the regulation and mode of action of each CCN member will be useful in developing specific gain- or loss-of-function strategies for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Krupska
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Elspeth A Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,State University of New York (SUNY) Eye Institute Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:875961. [PMID: 26064426 PMCID: PMC4443788 DOI: 10.1155/2015/875961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of oxidative stress are considered critical factors for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disorder that is growing in prevalence and results in significant economic loss. New therapeutic directions that address the detrimental effects of oxidative stress may be especially warranted to develop effective care for the millions of individuals that currently suffer from DM. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are especially justified to be considered treatment targets for DM since these pathways can address the complex relationship between stem cells, trophic factors, impaired glucose tolerance, programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, tissue remodeling, cellular energy homeostasis, and vascular biology that greatly impact the biology and disease progression of DM. The translation and development of these pathways into viable therapies will require detailed understanding of their proliferative nature to maximize clinical efficacy and limit adverse effects that have the potential to lead to unintended consequences.
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Xu CQ, de la Monte SM, Tong M, Huang CK, Kim M. Chronic Ethanol-Induced Impairment of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling is Attenuated by PPAR-δ Agonist. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:969-79. [PMID: 25903395 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates liver growth, repair, and regeneration. Chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure blunts normal liver regenerative responses, in part by inhibiting insulin/IGF signaling, and correspondingly, previous studies showed that EtOH-impaired liver regeneration could be restored by insulin sensitizer (proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-δ agonist) treatment. As Wnt/β-catenin functions overlap and cross talk with insulin/IGF pathways, we investigated the effects of EtOH exposure and PPAR-δ agonist treatment on Wnt pathway gene expression in relation to liver regeneration. METHODS Adult male Long Evans rats were fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0 or 37% EtOH for 8 weeks and also treated with vehicle or a PPAR-δ agonist during the last 3 weeks of the feeding regimen. The rats were then subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) and livers harvested at various post-PH time points were used to quantitate expression of 19 Wnt pathway genes using Quantigene 2.0 Multiplex Assay. RESULTS EtOH broadly inhibited expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related genes, including down-regulation of Wnt1, Fzd3, Lef1, and Bcl9 throughout the post-PH time course (0 to 72 hours), and suppression of Wnt7a, Ccnd1, Fgf4, Wif1, Sfrp2, and Sfrp5 at 18- and 24-hour post-PH time points. PPAR-δ agonist treatments rescued the EtOH-induced suppression of Wnt1, Wnt7a, Fzd3, Lef1, Bcl9, Ccnd1, and Sfrp2 gene expression in liver, corresponding with the improvements in DNA synthesis and restoration of hepatic architecture. CONCLUSIONS Chronic high-dose EtOH exposures inhibit Wnt signaling, which likely contributes to the impairments in liver regeneration. Therapeutic effects of PPAR-δ agonists extend beyond restoration of insulin/IGF signaling mechanisms and are mediated in part by enhancement of Wnt pathway signaling. Future studies will determine the degree to which targeted restoration of Wnt signaling is sufficient to improve liver regeneration and remodeling in the context of chronic EtOH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Q Xu
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Miran Kim
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Chondrogenic and fibrotic process in the ligamentum flavum of patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015; 40:429-35. [PMID: 25627290 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A histological, biological, and immunohisto-chemical study of human lumbar ligamentum flavum. OBJECTIVE To analyze changes in the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum and clarify their etiology. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum has been considered a major contributor to the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Although previous studies have reported some factors related to ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, its etiology is still unclear. METHODS Ligamentum flavum samples were collected from 20 patients with LSCS (LSCS group) and 10 patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH group) as a control. The thickness of the ligamentum flavum was measured histologically. The amounts of elastic fibers and proteoglycans were assessed by Elastica-Masson staining and alcian blue staining, respectively. Gene and protein expressions related to fibrosis, inflammation, and chondrogenesis were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The total genes of the 2 groups were compared by DNA microarray analysis. RESULTS The ligamentum flavum was significantly thicker in the LSCS group, which had a smaller amount of elastic fibers and a larger amount of proteoglycans. The gene expression related to fibrosis was significantly higher in the LSCS group; however, the immunoreactivities of collagen types I and III were weaker on the dorsal side of the ligamentum flavum in the LSCS group. The gene expression related to chondrogenesis and proteoglycan synthesis was significantly higher in the LSCS group. There was no significant difference in the gene expression related to inflammation between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Synthesis of the collagenous fibers and degradation of the elastic and collagenous fibers are both accelerated in the ligamentum flavum of patient with LSCS, which may be the reason for hypertrophy of the tissue. In addition, chondrogenesis and proteoglycan synthesis may have critical roles in the pathogenesis of the ligamentum flavum hypertrophy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Zhang H, Luo H, Hu Z, Peng J, Jiang Z, Song T, Wu B, Yue J, Zhou R, Xie R, Chen T, Wu S. Targeting WISP1 to sensitize esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to irradiation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:6218-34. [PMID: 25749038 PMCID: PMC4467433 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a primary treatment modality for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, most of patients benefited little from radiotherapy due to refractory radioresistance. We found that WISP1, a downstream target gene of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was re-expressed in 67.3% of ESCC patients as an oncofetal gene. Expression of WISP1 predicted prognosis of ESCC patients treated with radiotherapy. Overall survival in WISP1-positive patients was significantly poorer than in WISP1-negative patients. Serum concentration of WISP1 after radiotherapy reversely correlated with relapse-free survival. Gain and loss of function studies confirmed that WISP1 mediated radioresistance both in esophageal squamous cancer cells and in xenograft tumor models. Further studies revealed that WISP1 contributed to radioresistance primarily by repressing irradiation-induced DNA damage and activating PI3K kinase. LncRNA BOKAS was up-regulated following radiation and promoted WISP1 expression and resultant radioresistance. Furthermore, WISP1 facilitated its own expression in response to radiation, creating a positive feedback loop and increased radioresistance. Our study revealed WISP1 as a potential target to overcome radioresistance in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zhang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honglei Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Song
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yue
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongjing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifei Xie
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Bio-Informatics, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Gurbuz I, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. CCN4/WISP1 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1): a focus on its role in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 62:142-6. [PMID: 25794425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The matricellular protein WISP1 is a member of the CCN protein family. It is induced by WNT1 and is a downstream target of β-catenin. WISP1 is expressed during embryonic development, wound healing and tissue repair. Aberrant WISP1 expression is associated with various pathologies including osteoarthritis, fibrosis and cancer. Its role in tumor progression and clinical outcome makes WISP1 an emerging candidate for the detection and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Gurbuz
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Faculty of Science, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Faculty of Science, Basel, Switzerland
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WNT-1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 enhances growth and tumorigenesis in human breast cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8686. [PMID: 25732125 PMCID: PMC4346832 DOI: 10.1038/srep08686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) plays a key role in many cellular functions in a highly tissue-specific manner; however the role of WISP1 in breast cancer is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that WISP1 acts as an oncogene in human breast cancer. We demonstrated that human breast cancer tissues had higher WISP1 mRNA expression than normal breast tissues and that treatment of recombinant WISP1 enhanced breast cancer cell proliferation. Further, ectopic expression of WISP1 increased the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. WISP1 transfection also induced epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) in MCF-7 cells, leading to higher migration and invasion. During this EMT-inducing process, E-cadherin was repressed and N-cadherin, snail, and β-catenin were upregulated. Filamentous actin (F-actin) remodeling and polarization were also observed after WISP1 transfection into MCF-7 cells. Moreover, forced overexpression of WISP1 blocked the expression of NDRG1, a breast cancer tumor suppressor gene. Our study provides novel evidence that WISP1-modulated NDRG1 gene expression is dependent on a DNA fragment (-128 to +46) located within the human NDRG1 promoter. Thus, we concluded that WISP1 is a human breast cancer oncogene and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Maiese K. Programming apoptosis and autophagy with novel approaches for diabetes mellitus. Curr Neurovasc Res 2015; 12:173-88. [PMID: 25742566 PMCID: PMC4380829 DOI: 10.2174/1567202612666150305110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus (DM) in the year 2030 will be ranked the seventh leading cause of death in the world. DM impacts all systems of the body with oxidant stress controlling cell fate through endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in uncoupling proteins, and the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Multiple treatment approaches are being entertained for DM with Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1) generating significant interest as target pathways that can address maintenance of glucose homeostasis as well as prevention of cellular pathology by controlling insulin resistance, stem cell proliferation, and the programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy. WISP1, mTOR, and SIRT1 can rely upon similar pathways such as AMP activated protein kinase as well as govern cellular metabolism through cytokines such as EPO and oral hypoglycemics such as metformin. Yet, these pathways require precise biological control to exclude potentially detrimental clinical outcomes. Further elucidation of the ability to translate the roles of WISP1, mTOR, and SIRT1 into effective clinical avenues offers compelling prospects for new therapies against DM that can benefit hundreds of millions of individuals throughout the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- MD, Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
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68
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Chen J, Yin JY, Li XP, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Qian CY, He H, Fang C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Wang SY, Zhang W, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. Association of Wnt-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 Genetic Polymorphisms With Lung Cancer Susceptibility and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Response. Clin Lung Cancer 2014; 16:298-304.e1-2. [PMID: 25656821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-based chemotherapy is the main treatment method for lung cancer patients. The genetic polymorphisms of Wnt-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) were reported to be associated with the development of diverse lung diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of WISP1 genetic polymorphisms with lung cancer susceptibility and platinum-based chemotherapy response in Chinese lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 556 lung cancer patients and 254 healthy controls were enrolled onto this study. The 28 polymorphisms of the WISP1 gene were genotyped by the Sequenom MassARRAY system. RESULTS We found that WISP1 rs16893344, rs2977530, rs2977537, and rs62514004 (P = .009, .033, .049, and .036, respectively) polymorphisms were related to susceptibility of lung cancer; and WISP1 rs11778573 (P = .023, nonsmokers), rs16893344 (P = .013, ≥ 50 years old), rs2977536 (P = .039, ≥ 50 years old; P = .044, nonsmokers; P = .047, non-small-cell lung cancer, respectively), rs2977549 (P = .013, smokers), and rs62514004 (P = .033, ≥ 50 years old) polymorphisms were significantly associated with platinum-based chemotherapy response in lung cancer patients. CONCLUSION Genotypes of WISP1 may be novel and useful biomarkers for diagnosis of lung cancer and evaluation of platinum-based chemotherapy response in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China; Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China; Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yue Qian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China; Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China; Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P.R. China; Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China.
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69
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Li Z, Dang J, Chang KY, Rana TM. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of extracellular matrix formation modulates somatic cell reprogramming. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:1900-1915. [PMID: 25336587 PMCID: PMC4238355 DOI: 10.1261/rna.043745.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to reach an embryonic stem cell-like state by overexpression of defined factors. Recent studies have greatly improved the efficiency of the reprogramming process but the underlying mechanisms regulating the transition from a somatic to a pluripotent state are still relatively unknown. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that primarily regulate target gene expression post-transcriptionally. Here we present a systematic and comprehensive study of microRNAs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) during the early stage of cell fate decisions and reprogramming to a pluripotent state, in which significant transcriptional and epigenetic changes occur. One microRNA found to be highly induced during this stage of reprogramming, miR-135b, targeted the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes including Wisp1 and Igfbp5. Wisp1 was shown to be a key regulator of additional ECM genes that serve as barriers to reprogramming. Regulation of Wisp 1 is likely mediated through biglycan, a glycoprotein highly expressed in MEFs that is silenced in reprogrammed cells. Collectively, this report reveals a novel link between microRNA-mediated regulation of ECM formation and somatic cell reprogramming, and demonstrates that microRNAs are powerful tools to dissect the intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms of reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Li
- Program for RNA Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jason Dang
- Program for RNA Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kung-Yen Chang
- Program for RNA Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- Program for RNA Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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70
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22nd annual meeting of Chinese Society of Anesthesiology. Br J Anaesth 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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71
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Chen J, Yin J, Li X, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Qian C, Xiao L, Zou T, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang W, Zhou H, Liu Z. WISP1 polymorphisms contribute to platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21011-27. [PMID: 25405734 PMCID: PMC4264209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity is always one of the serious problems from which lung cancer patients suffer. The genetic polymorphism of WISP1 was revealed to be associated with susceptibility and platinum-based chemotherapy response in our previous studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of WISP1 genetic polymorphisms with platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients. A total of 412 lung cancer patients were enrolled in this study, and 28 polymorphisms of the WISP1 gene were genotyped by SequenomMassARRAY. We found that WISP1 polymorphisms (rs2929965, rs2929969, rs2929970, rs2929973 and rs754958) were related to the overall chemotherapy toxicity of lung cancer in subgroup analyses. Rs16904853, rs2929970, rs2977549 and rs2977551 (p = 0.021, 0.028, 0.024, 0.048, respectively) polymorphisms were significantly associated with hematologic toxicity. Rs2929946, rs2929970, rs2977519, rs2977536, rs3739262 and rs754958 (p = 0.031, 0.046, 0.029, 0.016, 0.042, 0.035, respectively) polymorphisms were significantly associated with the gastrointestinal toxicity of lung cancer. Genotypes of WISP1 may be novel and useful biomarkers for predicting platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Jiye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410014, China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Chenyue Qian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Ting Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Junyan Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Tian Y, Guo S. WITHDRAWN: Intrathecal siRNA against Cyr61 attenuates nociception in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Neurosci Lett 2014:S0304-3940(14)00755-1. [PMID: 25233865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Shanbin Guo
- Pharmaceutical Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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73
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Boorsma CE, Dekkers BGJ, van Dijk EM, Kumawat K, Richardson J, Burgess JK, John AE. Beyond TGFβ--novel ways to target airway and parenchymal fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:166-80. [PMID: 25197006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Within the lungs, fibrosis can affect both the parenchyma and the airways. Fibrosis is a hallmark pathological change in the parenchyma in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), whilst in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fibrosis is a component of the remodelling of the airways. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the disease behaviour and pathogenesis of parenchymal and airway fibrosis and as a result a variety of novel therapeutic targets for slowing or preventing progression of these fibrotic changes have been identified. This review highlights a number of these targets and discusses the potential for treating parenchymal or airway fibrosis through these mediators/pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B G J Dekkers
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M van Dijk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Kumawat
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Richardson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, QMC Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - J K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - A E John
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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Yin C, Liang Y, Guo S, Zhou X, Pan X. CCN1 enhances angiogenic potency of bone marrow transplantation in a rat model of hindlimb ischemia. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5813-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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75
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Berschneider B, Ellwanger DC, Baarsma HA, Thiel C, Shimbori C, White ES, Kolb M, Neth P, Königshoff M. miR-92a regulates TGF-β1-induced WISP1 expression in pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:432-41. [PMID: 24953558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and fatal form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short, single-stranded RNAs that regulate protein expression in a post-transcriptional manner, have recently been demonstrated to contribute to IPF pathogenesis. We have previously identified WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) as a highly expressed pro-fibrotic mediator in IPF, but the underlying mechanisms resulting in increased WISP1 expression, remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether WISP1 is a target of miRNA regulation. We applied a novel supervised machine learning approach, which predicted miR-30a/d and miR-92a target sites in regions of the human WISP1 3'UTR preferentially bound by the miRNA ribonucleoprotein complex. Both miRNAs were decreased in IPF samples, whereas WISP1 protein was increased. We demonstrated further that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced WISP1 expression in primary lung fibroblasts in vitro and lung homogenates in vivo. Notably, miR-30a and miR-92a reversed TGF-β1-induced WISP1 mRNA expression in lung fibroblasts. Moreover, miR-92a inhibition increased WISP1 protein expression in lung fibroblasts. An inverse relationship for WISP1 and miR-92a was found in a TGF-β1 dependent lung fibrosis model in vivo. Finally, we found significantly increased WISP1 expression in primary IPF fibroblasts, which negatively correlated with miR-92a level ex vivo. Altogether, our findings indicate a regulatory role of miR-92a for WISP1 expression in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Berschneider
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Genome-oriented Bioinformatics, Technische Universität München, Center of Life and Food Science, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hoeke A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Cedric Thiel
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Chiko Shimbori
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Neth
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
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Li X, Dai Y, Chuang PY, He JC. Induction of retinol dehydrogenase 9 expression in podocytes attenuates kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1933-41. [PMID: 24652806 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular concentration of retinoic acid is determined by two sequential oxidation reactions that convert retinol to retinoic acid. We recently demonstrated that retinoic acid synthesis is significantly impaired in glomeruli of HIV-1 transgenic mice (Tg26), a murine model of HIV-associated nephropathy. This impaired retinoic acid synthesis correlates with reduced renal expression of retinol dehydrogenase 9, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of retinoic acid synthesis by converting retinol to retinal. Because retinoic acid has renal protective effects and can induce podocyte differentiation, we hypothesized that restoration of retinoic acid synthesis could slow the progression of renal disease. Herein, we demonstrate that overexpression of retinol dehydrogenase 9 in cultured podocytes induces the expression of podocyte differentiation markers. Furthermore, we confirm that podocyte-specific overexpression of retinol dehydrogenase 9 in mice with established kidney disease due to either HIV-associated nephropathy or adriamycin-induced nephropathy decreases proteinuria, attenuates kidney injury, and restores podocyte differentiation markers. Our data suggest that restoration of retinoic acid synthesis could be a new approach to treat kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yan Dai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Peter Y Chuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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SAP domain-dependent Mkl1 signaling stimulates proliferation and cell migration by induction of a distinct gene set indicative of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:22. [PMID: 24495796 PMCID: PMC3933235 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main cause of death of breast cancer patients is not the primary tumor itself but the metastatic disease. Identifying breast cancer-specific signatures for metastasis and learning more about the nature of the genes involved in the metastatic process would 1) improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer progression and 2) reveal new therapeutic targets. Previous studies showed that the transcriptional regulator megakaryoblastic leukemia-1 (Mkl1) induces tenascin-C expression in normal and transformed mammary epithelial cells. Tenascin-C is known to be expressed in metastatic niches, is highly induced in cancer stroma and promotes breast cancer metastasis to the lung. Methods Using HC11 mammary epithelial cells overexpressing different Mkl1 constructs, we devised a subtractive transcript profiling screen to identify the mechanism by which Mkl1 induces a gene set co-regulated with tenascin-C. We performed computational analysis of the Mkl1 target genes and used cell biological experiments to confirm the effect of these gene products on cell behavior. To analyze whether this gene set is prognostic of accelerated cancer progression in human patients, we used the bioinformatics tool GOBO that allowed us to investigate a large breast tumor data set linked to patient data. Results We discovered a breast cancer-specific set of genes including tenascin-C, which is regulated by Mkl1 in a SAP domain-dependent, serum response factor-independent manner and is strongly implicated in cell proliferation, cell motility and cancer. Downregulation of this set of transcripts by overexpression of Mkl1 lacking the SAP domain inhibited cell growth and cell migration. Many of these genes are direct Mkl1 targets since their promoter-reporter constructs were induced by Mkl1 in a SAP domain-dependent manner. Transcripts, most strongly reduced in the absence of the SAP domain were mechanoresponsive. Finally, expression of this gene set is associated with high-proliferative poor-outcome classes in human breast cancer and a strongly reduced survival rate for patients independent of tumor grade. Conclusions This study highlights a crucial role for the transcriptional regulator Mkl1 and its SAP domain during breast cancer progression. We identified a novel gene set that correlates with bad prognosis and thus may help in deciding the rigor of therapy.
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Liu H, Dong W, Lin Z, Lu J, Wan H, Zhou Z, Liu Z. CCN4 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. Mol Cells 2013; 36:112-8. [PMID: 23807044 PMCID: PMC3887954 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential elements during the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis. An increasing number of studies have reported that extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including the CCN protein family, play a significant role in VSMC migration and proliferation. CCN4 is a member of the CCN protein family, which controls cell development and survival in multiple systems of the body. Here, we sought to determine whether CCN4 is involved in VSMC migration and proliferation. We examined the effect of CCN4 using rat cultured VSMCs. In cultured VSMCs, CCN4 stimulated the adhesion and migration of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was blocked by an antibody for integrin α5β1. CCN4 expression was enhanced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Furthermore, knockdown of CCN4 by siRNA significantly inhibited the VSMC proliferation. CCN4 also could up-regulate the expression level of marker proteins of the VSMCs phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest that CCN4 is involved in the migration and proliferation of VSMCs. Inhibition of CCN4 may provide a promising strategy for the prevention of restenosis after vascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong,
China
| | - Wenpeng Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong,
China
| | - Zhiqi Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong,
China
| | - Jingbo Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong,
China
| | - Heng Wan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong,
China
| | - Zhongxin Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong,
China
| | - Zhengjun Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong,
China
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79
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Myeloid cell RelA/p65 promotes lung cancer proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in murine and human tumor cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:1239-48. [PMID: 23563178 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is the most important risk factor for both lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of myeloid cell nuclear factor-κB in the regulation of tumor cell growth signaling. We subjected mice lacking myeloid RelA/p65 (rela(Δ-/-)) to a metastatic LC model. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure significantly increased the proliferation of Lewis lung carcinoma cell tumors in wild-type mice. In CS-exposed rela(Δ-/-) mice, the tumor growth was largely inhibited. Transcriptome and pathway analysis of cancer tissue revealed a fundamental impact of myeloid cells on various growth signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, myeloid RelA/p65 is necessary to link smoke-induced inflammation with LC growth and has a role in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tumor cells.
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80
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S. Novel directions for diabetes mellitus drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 8:35-48. [PMID: 23092114 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.736485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus impacts almost 200 million individuals worldwide and leads to debilitating complications. New avenues of drug discovery must target the underlying cellular processes of oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation that can mediate multi-system pathology during diabetes mellitus. AREAS COVERED The authors examine the novel directions for drug discovery that involve: the β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) precursor nicotinamide, the cytokine erythropoietin, the NAD(+)-dependent protein histone deacetylase SIRT1, the serine/threonine-protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the wingless pathway. Furthermore, the authors present the implications for the targeting of these pathways that oversee gluconeogenic genes, insulin signaling and resistance, fatty acid beta-oxidation, inflammation, and cellular survival. EXPERT OPINION Nicotinamide, erythropoietin, and the downstream pathways of SIRT1, mTOR, forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling offer exciting prospects for novel directions of drug discovery for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Future investigations must dissect the complex relationship and fine modulation of these pathways for the successful translation of robust reparative and regenerative strategies against diabetes mellitus and the complications of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling , Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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81
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Wang S, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Maiese K. WISP1 (CCN4) autoregulates its expression and nuclear trafficking of β-catenin during oxidant stress with limited effects upon neuronal autophagy. Curr Neurovasc Res 2012; 9:91-101. [PMID: 22475393 DOI: 10.2174/156720212800410858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1/CCN4) is a CCN family member more broadly identified with development and tumorigenesis. However, recent studies have shed new light and enthusiasm on WISP1 as a novel target directed against toxic cell degeneration. Here we show WISP1 prevents apoptotic degeneration in primary neurons during oxidant stress through the activation of protein kinase B (Akt1), the post-translational maintenance of β-catenin integrity that is consistent with inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and the subcellular trafficking of β- catenin to foster its translocation to the nucleus. Interestingly, WISP1 autoregulates its expression through the promotion of β-catenin activity and may employ β-catenin to have a limited control over autophagy, but neuronal injury during oxidant stress as a result of autophagy appears portioned to a small population of neurons without significant impact upon overall cell survival. New strategies that target WISP1, its autoregulation, and the pathways responsible for neuronal cell injury may bring forth new insight for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
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82
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Hennemeier I, Humpf HU, Gekle M, Schwerdt G. The food contaminant and nephrotoxin ochratoxin A enhances Wnt1 inducible signaling protein 1 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in human primary proximal tubule cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1375-84. [PMID: 22778029 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The underlying molecular mechanisms of nanomolar ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations, especially those on pathophysiological relevant gene expression in target tissue and underlying signaling mechanisms are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS qPCR arrays showed that 14 days exposure of human primary proximal tubule cells to 10 nM OTA influences the expression of genes that are related to inflammation, malignant transformation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Wnt1 inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1), an oncogenic, and profibrotic growth factor, turned out to be the gene with the strongest upregulation. Its expression, and that of TNF-α, an important inflammatory mediator, was further investigated in human renal cells and in primary human lung fibroblasts. OTA-induced upregulation of WISP1 and TNF-α occurs only in renal cells. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation reverses the effect of OTA on WISP1 and TNF-α expression. Wnt or other signaling pathways were not involved. Upregulation of WISP1 and TNF-α occured independently of each other. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure of human kidney cells with OTA concentrations expectable in renal tissue due to average dietary intake leads in an ERK1/2-dependent manner to pathogenetic alterations of gene expression, notably WISP1 and TNF-α. Renal long-term risk by OTA is actually not excludable and argues for low but rational safety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Hennemeier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institut für Physiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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83
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Li HH, Li Q, Liu P, Liu Y, Li J, Wasserloos K, Chao W, You M, Oury TD, Chhinder S, Hackam DJ, Billiar TR, Leikauf GD, Pitt BR, Zhang LM. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:528-35. [PMID: 22700866 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0127oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although strides have been made to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), critically ill patients can vary in sensitivity to VILI, suggesting gene-environment interactions could contribute to individual susceptibility. This study sought to uncover candidate genes associated with VILI using a genome-wide approach followed by functional analysis of the leading candidate in mice. Alveolar-capillary permeability after high tidal volume (HTV) ventilation was measured in 23 mouse strains, and haplotype association mapping was performed. A locus was identified on chromosome 15 that contained ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 (Asap1), adenylate cyclase 8 (Adcy8), WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (Wisp1), and N-myc downstream regulated 1 (Ndrg1). Information from published studies guided initial assessment to Wisp1. After HTV, lung WISP1 protein increased in sensitive A/J mice, but was unchanged in resistant CBA/J mice. Anti-WISP1 antibody decreased HTV-induced alveolar-capillary permeability in sensitive A/J mice, and recombinant WISP1 protein increased HTV-induced alveolar-capillary permeability in resistant CBA/J mice. HTV-induced WISP1 coimmunoprecipitated with glycosylated Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in A/J lung homogenates. After HTV, WISP1 increased in strain-matched control lungs, but was unchanged in TLR4 gene-targeted lungs. In peritoneal macrophages from strain-matched mice, WISP1 augmented LPS-induced TNF release that was inhibited in macrophages from TLR4 or CD14 antigen gene-targeted mice, and was attenuated in macrophages from myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 gene-targeted or TLR adaptor molecule 1 mutant mice. These findings support a role for WISP1 as an endogenous signal that acts through TLR4 signaling to increase alveolar-capillary permeability in VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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84
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Wang S, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Maiese K. Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) blocks neurodegeneration through phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt1 and apoptotic mitochondrial signaling involving Bad, Bax, Bim, and Bcl-xL. Curr Neurovasc Res 2012; 9:20-31. [PMID: 22272766 DOI: 10.2174/156720212799297137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) is a member of the CCN family of proteins that determine cell growth, cell differentiation, immune system activation, and cell survival in tissues ranging from the cardiovascular-pulmonary system to the reproductive system. Yet, little is known of the role of WISP1 as a neuroprotective entity in the nervous system. Here we demonstrate that WISP1 is present in primary hippocampal neurons during oxidant stress with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). WISP1 expression is significantly enhanced during OGD exposure by the cysteine-rich glycosylated protein Wnt1. Similar to the neuroprotective capabilities known for Wnt1 and its signaling pathways, WISP1 averts neuronal cell injury and apoptotic degeneration during oxidative stress exposure. WISP1 requires activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) and Akt1 pathways to promote neuronal cell survival, since blockade of these pathways abrogates cellular protection. Furthermore, WISP1 through PI 3-K and Akt1 phosphorylates Bad and GSK-3β, minimizes expression of the Bim/Bax complex while increasing the expression of Bclx(L)/Bax complex, and prevents mitochondrial membrane permeability, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation in the presence of oxidant stress. These studies provide novel considerations for the development of WISP1 as an effective and robust therapeutic target not only for neurodegenerative disorders, but also for disease entities throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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85
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Mosher DF, Adams JC. Adhesion-modulating/matricellular ECM protein families: a structural, functional and evolutionary appraisal. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:155-61. [PMID: 22265890 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The thrombospondins are a family of secreted, oligomeric glycoproteins that interact with cell surfaces, multiple components of the extracellular matrix, growth factors and proteases. These interactions underlie complex roles in cell interactions and tissue homeostasis in animals. Thrombospondins have been grouped functionally with SPARCs, tenascins and CCN proteins as adhesion-modulating or matricellular components of the extracellular milieu. Although all these multi-domain proteins share various commonalities of domains, the grouping is not based on structural homologies. Instead, the terms emphasise the general observations that these proteins do not form large-scale ECM structures, yet act at cell surfaces and function in coordination with the structural ECM and associated extracellular proteins. The designation of adhesion-modulation thus depends on observed tissue and cell culture ECM distributions and on experimentally identified functional properties. To date, the evolutionary relationships of these proteins have not been critically compared: yet, knowledge of their evolutionary histories is clearly relevant to any consideration of functional similarities. In this article, we survey briefly the structural and functional knowledge of these protein families, consider the evolution of each family, and outline a perspective on their functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 57706, USA
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86
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Königshoff M. Lung Cancer in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Tales of Epithelial Cell Plasticity. Respiration 2011; 81:353-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000326299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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