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Zhang K, Zheng H, Liang S, Gao C. Aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds coated with graphene oxide for promoting neural cell growth. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:131-42. [PMID: 27063493 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The graphene oxide (GO) has attracted tremendous attention in biomedical fields. In order to combine the unique physicochemical properties of GO nanosheets with topological structure of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve regeneration, the GO nanosheets were coated onto aligned and aminolyzed poly-l-lactide (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the surface of aligned PLLA nanofibers after being coated with GO became rougher than those of the aligned PLLA and aminolyzed PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds. The GO nanosheets did not destroy the alignment of nanofibers. The characterizations of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle displayed that the aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds were introduced with hydrophilic groups such as NH2, COOH, and OH after aminolysis and GO nanosheets coating, showing better hydrophilicity. The GO-coated and aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds significantly promoted Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation with directed cytoskeleton along the nanofibers compared with the aligned PLLA and aminolyzed PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds. These scaffolds also greatly improved the proliferation of rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, and significantly promoted their differentiation and neurite growth along the nanofibrous alignment in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). This type of scaffolds with nanofibrous surface topography and GO nanosheets is expected to show better performance in nerve regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Recovery of damaged nerve functions remains a principal clinical challenge in spite of surgical intervention and entubulation. The use of aligned fibrous scaffolds provides suitable microenvironment for nerve cell attachment, proliferation and migration, enhancing the regeneration outcome of nerve tissue. Surface modification is generally required for the synthetic polymeric fibers by laminin, fibronectin and YIGSR peptides to stimulate specific cell functions and neurite outgrowth. Yet these proteins or peptides present the poor processibility, limited availability, and high cost, influencing their application in clinic. In this work, we combined GO nanosheets and topological structure of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds to direct cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, and to induce neurite outgrowth for nerve regeneration. The GO coating improved several biomedical properties of the aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds including surface roughness, hydrophilicity and promotion of cells/material interactions, which significantly promoted SCs growth and regulated cell orientation, and induced PC12 cells differentiation and neurite growth. The design of this type of structure is of both scientific and technical importance, and possesses broad interest in the fields of biomaterials, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Shendi D, Dede A, Yin Y, Wang C, Valmikinathan C, Jain A. Tunable, bioactive protein conjugated hyaluronic acid hydrogel for neural engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2803-2818. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-step Michael addition click chemistry reaction is used to fabricate a bioactive conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold for neural engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Shendi
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | - Ana Dede
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | - Yuan Yin
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | - Chaoming Wang
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | | | - Anjana Jain
- nano-Neural Therapeutics Laboratory
- Department Biomedical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
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53
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Hettiaratchi MH, Guldberg RE, McDevitt TC. Biomaterial strategies for controlling stem cell fate via morphogen sequestration. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3464-3481. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the role of protein sequestration in the stem cell niche and how it has inspired the design of biomaterials that exploit natural protein sequestration to influence stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Hettiaratchi
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - R. E. Guldberg
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
| | - T. C. McDevitt
- The Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease
- San Francisco
- USA
- The Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
- University of California San Francisco
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54
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Roam JL, Yan Y, Nguyen PK, Kinstlinger IS, Leuchter MK, Hunter DA, Wood MD, Elbert DL. A modular, plasmin-sensitive, clickable poly(ethylene glycol)-heparin-laminin microsphere system for establishing growth factor gradients in nerve guidance conduits. Biomaterials 2015; 72:112-24. [PMID: 26352518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complex problem that, despite many advancements and innovations, still has sub-optimal outcomes. Compared to biologically derived acellular nerve grafts and autografts, completely synthetic nerve guidance conduits (NGC), which allow for precise engineering of their properties, are promising but still far from optimal. We have developed an almost entirely synthetic NGC that allows control of soluble growth factor delivery kinetics, cell-initiated degradability and cell attachment. We have focused on the spatial patterning of glial-cell derived human neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which promotes motor axon extension. The base scaffolds consisted of heparin-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microspheres. The modular microsphere format greatly simplifies the formation of concentration gradients of reversibly bound GDNF. To facilitate axon extension, we engineered the microspheres with tunable plasmin degradability. 'Click' cross-linking chemistries were also added to allow scaffold formation without risk of covalently coupling the growth factor to the scaffold. Cell adhesion was promoted by covalently bound laminin. GDNF that was released from these microspheres was confirmed to retain its activity. Graded scaffolds were formed inside silicone conduits using 3D-printed holders. The fully formed NGC's contained plasmin-degradable PEG/heparin scaffolds that developed linear gradients in reversibly bound GDNF. The NGC's were implanted into rats with severed sciatic nerves to confirm in vivo degradability and lack of a major foreign body response. The NGC's also promoted robust axonal regeneration into the conduit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Roam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ying Yan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter K Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian S Kinstlinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael K Leuchter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel A Hunter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donald L Elbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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55
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Trends in the design of nerve guidance channels in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 131:87-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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56
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Sarker M, Chen X, Schreyer D. Experimental approaches to vascularisation within tissue engineering constructs. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:683-734. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1059018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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57
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McKeon-Fischer KD, Browe DP, Olabisi RM, Freeman JW. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticle and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) electrospun scaffold characterization for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3633-41. [PMID: 25855940 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to peripheral nerves and/or skeletal muscle can cause scar tissue formation and loss of function. The focus of this article is the creation of a conductive, biocompatible scaffold with appropriate mechanical properties to regenerate skeletal muscle. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticles (Np) were electrospun with poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) to form conductive scaffolds. During electrospinning, ribboning, larger fiber diameters, and unaligned scaffolds were observed with increasing PEDOT amounts. To address this, PEDOT Np were sonicated prior to electrospinning, which resulted in decreased conductivity and increased mechanical properties. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were added to the 1:2 solution in an effort to increase conductivity. However, the addition of MWCNT had little effect on scaffold conductivity, and the elastic modulus and yield stress of the scaffold increased as a result. Rat muscle cells attached and were active on the 1-10, 1-2, 3-4, and 1-1 PCL-PEDOT scaffolds; however, the 3-4 scaffolds had the lowest level of metabolic activity. Although the scaffolds were cytocompatible, further development of the fabrication method is necessary to produce more highly aligned scaffolds capable of promoting skeletal muscle cell alignment and eventual regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P Browe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Ronke M Olabisi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Joseph W Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
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58
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Bliley JM, Sivak WN, Minteer DM, Tompkins-Rhoades C, Day J, Williamson G, Liao HT, Marra KG. Ethylene Oxide Sterilization Preserves Bioactivity and Attenuates Burst Release of Encapsulated Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor from Tissue Engineered Nerve Guides For Long Gap Peripheral Nerve Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:504-512. [DOI: 10.1021/ab5001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - H. T. Liao
- Division
of Trauma Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - K. G. Marra
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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59
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Alsmadi NZ, Patil LS, Hor EM, Lofti P, Razal JM, Chuong CJ, Wallace GG, Romero-Ortega MI. Coiled polymeric growth factor gradients for multi-luminal neural chemotaxis. Brain Res 2015; 1619:72-83. [PMID: 25801117 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the injured adult nervous system, re-establishment of growth-promoting molecular gradients is known to entice and guide nerve repair. However, incorporation of three-dimensional chemotactic gradients in nerve repair scaffolds, particularly in those with multi-luminal architectures, remains extremely challenging. We developed a method that establishes highly tunable three-dimensional molecular gradients in multi-luminal nerve guides by anchoring growth-factor releasing coiled polymeric fibers onto the walls of collagen-filled hydrogel microchannels. Differential pitch in the coiling of neurotrophin-eluting fibers generated sustained chemotactic gradients that appropriately induced the differentiation of Pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells into neural-like cells along an increasing concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF). Computer modeling estimated the stability of the molecular gradient within the luminal collagen, which we confirmed by observing the significant effects of neurotrophin gradients on axonal growth from dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Neurons growing in microchannels exposed to a NGF gradient showed a 60% increase in axonal length compared to those treated with a linear growth factor concentration. In addition, a two-fold increment in the linearity of axonal growth within the microchannels was observed and confirmed by a significant reduction in the turning angle ratios of individual axons. These data demonstrate the ability of growth factor-loaded polymeric coiled fibers to establish three-dimensional chemotactic gradients to promote and direct nerve regeneration in the nervous system and provides a unique platform for molecularly guided tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen Zoghoul Alsmadi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., EC39, Richardson, 75080 TX, USA
| | - Lokesh S Patil
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Elijah M Hor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Parisa Lofti
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Joselito M Razal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Cheng-Jen Chuong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Mario I Romero-Ortega
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., EC39, Richardson, 75080 TX, USA.
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60
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Romano NH, Lampe KJ, Xu H, Ferreira MM, Heilshorn SC. Microfluidic gradients reveal enhanced neurite outgrowth but impaired guidance within 3D matrices with high integrin ligand densities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:722-30. [PMID: 25315156 PMCID: PMC4528974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The density of integrin-binding ligands in an extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to regulate cell migration speed by imposing a balance of traction forces between the leading and trailing edges of the cell, but the effect of cell-adhesive ligands on neurite chemoattraction is not well understood. A platform is presented here that combines gradient-generating microfluidic devices with 3D protein-engineered hydrogels to study the effect of RGD ligand density on neurite pathfinding from chick dorsal root ganglia-derived spheroids. Spheroids are encapsulated in elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) hydrogels presenting either 3.2 or 1.6 mM RGD ligands and exposed to a microfluidic gradient of nerve growth factor (NGF). While the higher ligand density matrix enhanced neurite initiation and persistence of neurite outgrowth, the lower ligand density matrix significantly improved neurite pathfinding and increased the frequency of growth cone turning up the NGF gradient. The apparent trade-off between neurite extension and neurite guidance is reminiscent of the well-known trade-off between adhesive forces at the leading and trailing edges of a migrating cell, implying that a similar matrix-mediated balance of forces regulates neurite elongation and growth cone turning. These results have implications in the design of engineered materials for in vitro models of neural tissue and in vivo nerve guidance channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Xu
- 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough 246, Stanford, CA 94305
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61
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Geuna S. The sciatic nerve injury model in pre-clinical research. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 243:39-46. [PMID: 25629799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the pre-clinical view, the study of peripheral nerve repair and regeneration still needs to be carried out in animal models due to the structural complexity of this organ which can be only partly simulated in vitro. The far most used experimental model is based on the injury of the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve trunk in mammals. In this paper, the potential application of the sciatic nerve injury model in pre-clinical research is critically reviewed. This paper is aimed at helping researchers in properly employing this in vivo model for the study of nerve repair and regeneration as well as interpreting the results in a clinical translation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Geuna
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation & Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
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62
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Nune M, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Decoration of PLGA electrospun nanofibers with designer self-assembling peptides: a “Nano-on-Nano” concept. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A composite neural scaffold which combines the topographical features of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds and bioactive as well as nanostructured features of designer self-assembling peptides (“Nano on Nano” approach).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Nune
- Centre of Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur
- India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre of Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur
- India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre of Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur
- India
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63
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Khan F, Tanaka M, Ahmad SR. Fabrication of polymeric biomaterials: a strategy for tissue engineering and medical devices. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8224-8249. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of biomaterials scaffolds using various methods and techniques is discussed, utilising biocompatible, biodegradable and stimuli-responsive polymers and their composites. This review covers the lithography and printing techniques, self-organisation and self-assembly methods for 3D structural scaffolds generation, and smart hydrogels, for tissue regeneration and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Khan
- Senior Polymer Chemist
- ECOSE-Biopolymer
- Knauf Insulation Limited
- St. Helens
- UK
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Biomaterials Science Group
- Department of Biochemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa
| | - Sheikh Rafi Ahmad
- Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy
- CDS
- DEAS
- Cranfield University
- Swindon
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64
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Chang W, DeVince J, Green G, Shah MB, Johns MS, Meng Y, Yu X. The development of a normalization method for comparing nerve regeneration effectiveness among different graft types. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2014; 18:297-305. [PMID: 24118184 DOI: 10.1111/jns5.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The inability to compare directly different nerve grafts has been a significant factor hindering the advance of nerve graft development. Due to the abundance of variables that exist in nerve graft construction and multiple assessment types, there has been limited success in comparing nerve graft effectiveness among experiments. Using mathematical techniques on nerve conduction velocity (NCV) autograft data, a normalization function was empirically derived that normalizes differences in gap lengths. Further analysis allowed for the development of the relative regeneration ratio (RRR). The RRR function allows researchers to directly compare nerve graft results based on the NCV data from their respective studies as long as the data was collected at the same post-operation time. This function also allows for comparisons between grafts tested at different gap lengths. Initial testing of this RRR function provided confidence that the function is accurate for a continuum of gap lengths and different nerve graft types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
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65
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Giusti G, Shin RH, Lee JY, Mattar TG, Bishop AT, Shin AY. The influence of nerve conduits diameter in motor nerve recovery after segmental nerve repair. Microsurgery 2014; 34:646-52. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard H. Shin
- Microvascular Research Laboratory; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
| | - Joo-Yup Lee
- Microvascular Research Laboratory; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
| | - Tiago G. Mattar
- Microvascular Research Laboratory; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
| | - Allen T. Bishop
- Microvascular Research Laboratory; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
| | - Alexander Y. Shin
- Microvascular Research Laboratory; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
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Abstract
Autologous nerve grafts are the current criterion standard for repair of peripheral nerve injuries when the transected nerve ends are not amenable to primary end-to-end tensionless neurorrhaphy. However, donor-site morbidities such as neuroma formation and permanent loss of function have led to tremendous interest in developing an alternative to this technique. Artificial nerve conduits have therefore emerged as an alternative to autologous nerve grafting for the repair of short peripheral nerve defects of less than 30 mm; however, they do not yet surpass autologous nerve grafts clinically. A thorough understanding of the complex biological reactions that take place during peripheral nerve regeneration will allow researchers to develop a nerve conduit with physical and biological properties similar to those of an autologous nerve graft that supports regeneration over long nerve gaps and in large-diameter nerves. In this article, the authors assess the currently available nerve conduits, summarize research in the field of developing these conduits, and establish areas within this field in which further research would prove most beneficial.
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67
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Li M, Zhang P, Guo W, Li H, Gu X, Yao D. Protein expression profiling during wallerian degeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:73-8. [PMID: 24123051 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wallerian degeneration (WD) is an important area of research in modern neuroscience. Many protein expressions are regulated by differentially expressed genes in WD, but the precise mechanisms are elusive. METHODS In this study, we profiled differentially expressed proteins in WD after rat sciatic nerve injury using an antibody array. RESULTS Functional analysis positively identified cell proliferation, regulation of cell proliferation, and immune system processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed molecular networks related mainly to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the mitogen-activated proteinkinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, apoptosis, the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, and the Janus kinase (Jak) - signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Interactions between these differential proteins were well established and regulated by the key factors transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Fas ligand (FasL), and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 (PRKAA1). CONCLUSIONS These results provide information related to functional analysis of differentially expressed genes during WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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68
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Yuan Q, Li JJ, An CH, Sun L. Biological characteristics of rat dorsal root ganglion cell and human vascular endothelial cell in mono- and co-culture. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6949-56. [PMID: 25028268 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of rat dorsal root ganglion cell (DRGC) and human vascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) in mono- and co-culture. Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blot analysis was used to identify VEGF and NGF protein expressions. Cell injury was assessed by measuring cell viability with methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The results showed that VEGF and NGF mRNA levels in the HMVEC+DRGC group were significantly higher than those in the DRGC and HMVEC groups (all p < 0.05). There were also greater increases in both VEGF and NGF protein expressions in the HMVEC+DRGC group than those in the DRGC and HMVEC groups (all p < 0.05). The results of MTT analysis revealed significant differences in cell viability among the HMVEC+DRGC group and the DRGC and HMVEC groups (all p < 0.05). In summary, our findings provide evidence that DRGC and HMVEC in co-culture may exhibit greater biological activity than DRGC in mono-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, San Hao Street No. 36, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China,
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69
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Carriers in cell-based therapies for neurological disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10669-723. [PMID: 24933636 PMCID: PMC4100175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for long-term neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies to promote full function recovery of injuries in the human nervous system resulting from trauma, stroke or degenerative diseases. Although cell-based therapies are promising in supporting repair and regeneration, direct introduction to the injury site is plagued by problems such as low transplanted cell survival rate, limited graft integration, immunorejection, and tumor formation. Neural tissue engineering offers an integrative and multifaceted approach to tackle these complex neurological disorders. Synergistic therapeutic effects can be obtained from combining customized biomaterial scaffolds with cell-based therapies. Current scaffold-facilitated cell transplantation strategies aim to achieve structural and functional rescue via offering a three-dimensional permissive and instructive environment for sustainable neuroactive factor production for prolonged periods and/or cell replacement at the target site. In this review, we intend to highlight important considerations in biomaterial selection and to review major biodegradable or non-biodegradable scaffolds used for cell transplantation to the central and peripheral nervous system in preclinical and clinical trials. Expanded knowledge in biomaterial properties and their prolonged interaction with transplanted and host cells have greatly expanded the possibilities for designing suitable carrier systems and the potential of cell therapies in the nervous system.
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70
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Fan L, Yu Z, Li J, Dang X, Wang K. Schwann-like cells seeded in acellular nerve grafts improve nerve regeneration. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:165. [PMID: 24885337 PMCID: PMC4036644 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated whether Schwann-like cells (SLCs) induced from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplanted into acellular nerve grafts (ANGs) could repair nerve defects compared with nerve isografts and ANGs with BM-MSCs. METHODS BM-MSCs extracted, separated and purified from the bone marrow of rats, and some of the BM-MSCs were cultured with mixed induction agents that could induce BM-MSCs into SLCs. Either SLCs or BM-MSCs were seeded onto 10-mm ANGs, and the isografts were chosen as the control. The walking-track test, tibialis anterior muscle weight measurement, electrophysiological examination, toluidine blue staining, transmission electron micrographs and immunostaining of S-100 and VEGF in these three groups were evaluated in a 10-mm rat sciatic injury-repair model. RESULTS The walking-track test, tibialis anterior muscle weight measurement and electrophysiological examination of the sciatic nerve suggested the groups of ANGs with SLCs and isografts obtained better results than the BM-MSC group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the SLCs and isograft groups were similar (P>0.05). All the histomorphometric analyses (toluidine blue staining, transmission electron micrographs and immunostaining of S-100 and VEGF) showed that there were more regenerating nerve fibers in the group of ANGs with SLCs than the BM-MSCs (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the SLC and isograft groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS SLCs seeded in ANGs and isografts show better functional regeneration compared with BM-MSCs seeded in ANGs. Additionally, SLCs combined with ANGs present almost the same outcome as the isografts. Therefore, SLCs with ANGs can be a good choice in nerve defect repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fan
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affilliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Zefeng Yu
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affilliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Jia Li
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affilliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dang
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affilliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affilliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
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71
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Controlled release and gradient formation of human glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor from heparinated poly(ethylene glycol) microsphere-based scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6473-81. [PMID: 24816282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of spatial patterning of proteins, while retaining activity and releasability, is critical for the field of regenerative medicine. Reversible binding to heparin, which many biological molecules exhibit, is one potential pathway to achieve this goal. We have covalently bound heparin to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microspheres to create useful spatial patterns of glial-cell derived human neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in scaffolds to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Labeled GDNF was incubated with heparinated microspheres that were subsequently centrifuged into cylindrical scaffolds in distinct layers containing different concentrations of GDNF. The GDNF was then allowed to diffuse out of the scaffold, and release was tracked via fluorescent scanning confocal microscopy. The measured release profile was compared to predicted Fickian models. Solutions of reaction-diffusion equations suggested the concentrations of GDNF in each discrete layer that would result in a nearly linear concentration gradient over much of the length of the scaffold. The agreement between the predicted and measured GDNF concentration gradients was high. Multilayer scaffolds with different amounts of heparin and GDNF and different crosslinking densities allow the design of a wide variety of gradients and release kinetics. Additionally, fabrication is much simpler and more robust than typical gradient-forming systems due to the low viscosity of the microsphere solutions compared to gelating solutions, which can easily result in premature gelation or the trapping of air bubbles with a nerve guidance conduit. The microsphere-based method provides a framework for producing specific growth factor gradients in conduits designed to enhance nerve regeneration.
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72
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Gao S, Zheng Y, Cai Q, Yao W, Wang J, Zhang P, Wang X. Comparison of morphology and biocompatibility of acellular nerve scaffolds processed by different chemical methods. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1283-1291. [PMID: 24452272 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the morphological differences among acellular rat nerve scaffolds processed by different chemical methods and compare the biocompatibility between rat nerve grafts processed by different chemical methods and rat adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. Acellular rat sciatic nerve scaffolds processed by two different chemical methods (the Sondell method and the optimized method) and normal rat sciatic nerves were used as control. The structure and components of nerve scaffold were observed under microscopy, the degrees of decellularization and demyelination of nerve scaffold and integrity of nerve fiber tubes were assessed. The rat adipose-derived stem cells growth and adherence on scaffold were studied by scanning electron microscopy, the activity and adhesive ratio of rat adipose-derived stem cells in the nerve scaffold were compared. The basal lamina tubes and the extracellular matrix in the epineurium and perineurium in the nerve graft of optimized method were better preserved than the nerve graft of the Sondell method. After co-cultured with scaffolds, the difference of cell activity between three groups (two cell-scaffold combinations and control group) at the same observation time were not statistically significant (P > 0.05),the adhesive ratio of rat adipose-derived stem cells in the scaffold of the optimized method was better than that of the Sondell method. The scaffold of the optimized method is more effective than the scaffold of the Sondell method for peripheral nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 127, Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China,
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73
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Irani S, Zandi M, Salamian N, Saeed SM, Daliri Joupari M, Atyabi SM. The study of P19 stem cell behavior on aligned oriented electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nano-fibers for neural tissue engineering. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mojgan Zandi
- Department of Biomaterial; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; Tehran Iran
| | - Najmeh Salamian
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Saeed
- Department of Biomaterial; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; Tehran Iran
| | - Morteza Daliri Joupari
- Department of Animal and Marine Biotechnology; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Tehran Iran
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74
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Fattahi P, Yang G, Kim G, Abidian MR. A review of organic and inorganic biomaterials for neural interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1846-85. [PMID: 24677434 PMCID: PMC4373558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless integration into the nervous system and performs reliably for long periods of time. As a result, many nanoscale materials not originally developed for neural interfaces become attractive candidates to detect neural signals and stimulate neurons. In this comprehensive review, an overview of state-of-the-art microelectrode technologies provided fi rst, with focus on the material properties of these microdevices. The advancements in electro active nanomaterials are then reviewed, including conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon nanowires, and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials, for neural recording, stimulation, and growth. Finally, technical and scientific challenges are discussed regarding biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical properties faced by these nanomaterials for the development of long-lasting functional neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Fattahi
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Chemical Engineering Departments, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gloria Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Department, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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75
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Immobilized laminin concentration gradients on electrospun fiber scaffolds for controlled neurite outgrowth. Biointerphases 2014; 9:011003. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4857295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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76
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Demirbilek M, Sakar M, Karahaliloğlu Z, Erdal E, Yalçın E, Bozkurt G, Korkusuz P, Bilgiç E, Temuçin ÇM, Denkbaş EB. Aligned bacterial PHBV nanofibrous conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 43:243-51. [PMID: 24450753 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.875033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The conventional method of peripheral nerve gap treatment is autografting. This method is limited. In this study, an aligned nanofibrous graft was formed using microbial polyester, Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The regenerative effect of the graft was compared with that of autografting in vivo. To determine the regenerative effect, rats were assessed with sciatic nerve functional index, electromyographic evaluation, and histological evaluation. Results found in this study include PHBV grafts stimulated progressive nerve regeneration, although regeneration was not comparable with that of autografting. We conclude that the study results were promising for aligned bacterial polymeric grafts for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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77
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Sakar M, Korkusuz P, Demirbilek M, Cetinkaya DU, Arslan S, Denkbaş EB, Temuçin ÇM, Bilgiç E, Hazer DB, Bozkurt G. The effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental sciatic nerve damage. Int J Neurosci 2014; 124:685-96. [PMID: 24350993 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.876636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to evaluate the treatment effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental rat sciatic nerve damage, and compare the results of this modality with autologous nerve grafting. In Spraque-Dawley albino rats, 10-mm-long experimental nerve gaps were created. Three groups were constituted, the gap was repaired with autologous nerve graft (autograft group), PHBHHx nerve graft alone (PHBHHx alone group), and PHBHHx nerve graft with hMSCs inside (PHBHHx with hMSC group), respectively. The results were evaluated with functional recovery, electrophysiological evaluation, and histological evaluation either with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for axonal regeneration and myelin formation. In functional evaluation, autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups showed functional improvement with time, whereas PHBHHx alone group did not. Electrophysiological evaluation showed better results in autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups when compared to PHBHHx alone group. There was no statistical difference between autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups. Histological evaluation showed regenerated axons in each group. Autograft group was better than the others, and PHBHHx with hMSC group was better than PHBHHx alone group both for axonal regeneration and myelin formation. This study showed that the nerve grafts which were prepared from PHBHHx with oriented nanofiber three-dimensional surfaces aided to nerve regeneration, either used alone or with hMSC. PHBHHx provided better nerve regeneration when used with hMSCs inside than alone, and reached the same statistical treatment effect in functional evaluation and electrophysiological evaluation when compared to autografting.
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78
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Meucci S, Travagliati M, Vittorio O, Cirillo G, Masini L, Voliani V, Picci N, Beltram F, Tredicucci A, Cecchini M. Tubeless biochip for chemical stimulation of cells in closed-bioreactors: anti-cancer activity of the catechin–dextran conjugate. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we introduce a tubeless microbioreactor for chemically stimulation of cells in microchambers, based on automatic cell valving, hydrostatic-pressure pumping and on-chip liquid reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Meucci
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Marco Travagliati
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden
| | - Luca Masini
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Valerio Voliani
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | | | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
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79
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He B, Yuan X, Jiang D. Molecular self-assembly guides the fabrication of peptide nanofiber scaffolds for nerve repair. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The particular features render ionic self-complementary peptide-formed and peptide amphiphile-formed nanofiber scaffolds to be compelling biomaterial substrates for nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing, China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing, China
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80
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Mukhatyar V, Pai B, Clements I, Srinivasan A, Huber R, Mehta A, Mukhopadaya S, Rudra S, Patel G, Karumbaiah L, Bellamkonda R. Molecular sequelae of topographically guided peripheral nerve repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1436-55. [PMID: 24356852 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries cause severe disability with decreased nerve function often followed by neuropathic pain that impacts the quality of life. Even though use of autografts is the current gold standard, nerve conduits fabricated from electrospun nanofibers have shown promise to successfully bridge critical length nerve gaps. However, in depth analysis of the role of topographical cues in the context of spatio-temporal progression of the regenerative sequence has not been elucidated. Here, we explored the influence of topographical cues (aligned, random, and smooth films) on the regenerative sequence and potential to successfully support nerve regeneration in critical size gaps. A number of key findings emerged at the cellular, cytokine and molecular levels from the study. Higher quantities of IL-1α and TNF-α were detected in aligned fiber based scaffolds. Differential gene expression of BDNF, NGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB3 were observed suggesting a role for these genes in influencing Schwann cell migration, myelination, etc. that impact the regeneration in various topographies. Fibrin matrix stabilization and arrest of nerve-innervated muscle atrophy was also evident. Taken together, our data shed light on the cascade of events that favor regeneration in aligned topography and should stimulate research to further refine the strategy of nerve regeneration using topographical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mukhatyar
- Neurological Biomaterials and Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, UA Whitaker Building, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
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81
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Pace LA, Plate JF, Mannava S, Barnwell JC, Koman LA, Li Z, Smith TL, Van Dyke M. A human hair keratin hydrogel scaffold enhances median nerve regeneration in nonhuman primates: an electrophysiological and histological study. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:507-17. [PMID: 24083825 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A human hair keratin biomaterial hydrogel scaffold was evaluated as a nerve conduit luminal filler following median nerve transection injury in 10 Macaca fascicularis nonhuman primates (NHP). A 1 cm nerve gap was grafted with a NeuraGen® collagen conduit filled with either saline or keratin hydrogel and nerve regeneration was evaluated by electrophysiology for a period of 12 months. The keratin hydrogel-grafted nerves showed significant improvement in return of compound motor action potential (CMAP) latency and recovery of baseline nerve conduction velocity (NCV) compared with the saline-treated nerves. Histological evaluation was performed on retrieved median nerves and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles at 12 months. Nerve histomorphometry showed a significantly larger nerve area in the keratin group compared with the saline group and the keratin APB muscles had a significantly higher myofiber density than the saline group. This is the first published study to show that an acellular biomaterial hydrogel conduit filler can be used to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration and motor recovery in an NHP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Pace
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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82
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Wilkinson AE, Kobelt LJ, Leipzig ND. Immobilized ECM molecules and the effects of concentration and surface type on the control of NSC differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Akron; 200 East Buchtel Common, Whitby Hall 211 Akron Ohio 44325
| | - Liza J. Kobelt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Akron; 200 East Buchtel Common, Whitby Hall 211 Akron Ohio 44325
| | - Nic D. Leipzig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Akron; 200 East Buchtel Common, Whitby Hall 211 Akron Ohio 44325
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83
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Binan L, Ajji A, De Crescenzo G, Jolicoeur M. Approaches for Neural Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 10:44-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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84
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Kim JR, Oh SH, Kwon GB, Namgung U, Song KS, Jeon BH, Lee JH. Acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration through asymmetrically porous nerve guide conduit applied with biological/physical stimulation. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2674-85. [PMID: 23859225 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient functional restoration of damaged peripheral nerves is a big clinical challenge. In this study, a nerve guide conduit (NGC) with selective permeability was prepared by rolling an asymmetrically porous polycaprolactone/Pluronic F127 membrane fabricated using a novel immersion precipitation method. Dual stimulation (nerve growth factor [NGF] as a biological stimulus and low-intensity pulse ultrasound [US] as a physical stimulus) was adapted to enhance nerve regeneration through an NGC. The animal study revealed that each stimulation (NGF or US) has a positive effect to promote the peripheral nerve regeneration through the NGC, however, the US-stimulated NGC group allowed more accelerated nerve regeneration compared with the NGF-stimulated group. The NGC group that received dual stimulation (NGF and US) showed more effective nerve regeneration behavior than the groups that received a single stimulation (NGF or US). The asymmetrically porous NGC with dual NGF and US stimulation may be a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of delayed and insufficient functional recovery of a peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Rae Kim
- 1 Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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85
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Wrobel MR, Sundararaghavan HG. Directed migration in neural tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:93-105. [PMID: 23815309 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is particularly important in neural tissue engineering, where the goal is to direct neurons and support cells across injured nerve gaps. Investigation of the gradients present in the body during development provides an approach to guiding cells in peripheral and central nervous system tissue, but many different types of gradients and patterns can accomplish directed migration. The focus of this review is to describe current research paradigms in neural tissue gradients and review their effectiveness for directed migration. The review explores directed migration achieved through the use of chemical, adhesive, mechanical, topographical, and electrical types of gradients. Few studies investigate combined gradients, though it is known that a combination of therapies is necessary for reconnection of neuronal circuitry. To date, there has been no systematic review of gradient approaches to neural tissue engineering. By looking at effectiveness of various scaffold cue presentation and methods to combine these strategies, the potential for nerve repair is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Wrobel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan
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86
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Jin N, Morin EA, Henn DM, Cao Y, Woodcock JW, Tang S, He W, Zhao B. Agarose hydrogels embedded with pH-responsive diblock copolymer micelles for triggered release of substances. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2713-23. [PMID: 23815070 DOI: 10.1021/bm4005639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid agarose hydrogels embedded with pH-responsive diblock copolymers micelles were developed to achieve functional hydrogels capable of stimulus-triggered drug release. Specifically, a well-defined poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based diblock copolymer, PEO-b-poly(2-(N,N-diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PEO(113)-b-PDPAEMA(31), where the subscripts represent the degrees of polymerization of two blocks), was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. PDPAEMA is a pH-responsive polymer with a pKa value of 6.3. The PEO(113)-b-PDPAEMA(31) micelles were formed by a solvent-switching method, and their pH-dependent dissociation behavior was investigated by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both studies indicated that the micelles were completely disassembled at pH = 6.40. The biocompatibility of PEO(113)-b-PDPAEMA(31) micelles was demonstrated by in vitro primary cortical neural culture. Hybrid agarose hydrogels were made by cooling 1.0 wt % agarose solutions that contained various amounts of PEO(113)-b-PDPAEMA(31) micelles at either 2 or 4 °C. Rheological measurements showed that the mechanical properties of gels were not significantly adversely affected by the incorporation of diblock copolymer micelles with a concentration as high as 5.0 mg/g. Using Nile Red as a model hydrophobic drug, its incorporation into the core of diblock copolymer micelles was demonstrated. Characterized by fluorescent spectroscopy, the release of Nile Red from the hybrid hydrogel was shown to be controllable by pH due to the responsiveness of the block copolymer micelles. Based on the prominent use of agarose gels as scaffolds for cell transplantation for neural repair, the hybrid hydrogels embedded with stimuli-responsive block copolymer micelles could allow the controlled delivery of hydrophobic neuroprotective agents to improve survival of transplanted cells in tune with signals from the surrounding pathological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixiong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996, USA
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Tang S, Zhu J, Xu Y, Xiang AP, Jiang MH, Quan D. The effects of gradients of nerve growth factor immobilized PCLA scaffolds on neurite outgrowth in vitro and peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7086-96. [PMID: 23791502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introducing concentration gradients of nerve growth factor (NGF) into conduits for repairing of peripheral nerve injury is crucial for nerve regeneration and guidance. Herein, combining differential adsorption of NGF/silk fibroin (SF) coating, the gradient of NGF-immobilized membranes (G-Ms) and nanofibrous nerve conduits (G-nNCs) were successfully fabricated. The efficacy of NGF gradients was confirmed by a quantitative comparison of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurite outgrowth on the G-Ms or uniform NGF-immobilized membranes (U-Ms). Significantly, the neurite turning ratio was 0.48 ± 0.11 for G-M group, but it was close to zero for U-M group. The neurite length of DRGs in the middle of the G-Ms was significantly longer than that of U-M group, even though the average NGF concentration was approximated. Furthermore, 12 weeks after implantation in rats with a 14 mm gap of sciatic nerve injury, G-nNCs achieved satisfying outcomes of nerve regeneration associated with morphological and functional improvements, which was superior to that of the uniform NGF-immobilized nNCs (U-nNCs). Sciatic function index (SFI), compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), total number of myelinated nerve fibers, thickness of myelin sheath were similar for the G-nNCs and autografts, with the G-nNCs having a higher density of axons than the autografts. Our results demonstrated the significant role of introducing NGF gradients into scaffolds in promoting nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- DSAPM Lab, PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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88
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Jin J, Limburg S, Joshi SK, Landman R, Park M, Zhang Q, Kim HT, Kuo AC. Peripheral nerve repair in rats using composite hydrogel-filled aligned nanofiber conduits with incorporated nerve growth factor. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2138-46. [PMID: 23659607 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of peripheral nerve defects with current synthetic, tubular nerve conduits generally shows inferior recovery when compared with using nerve autografts, the current gold standard. We tested the ability of composite collagen and hyaluronan hydrogels, with and without the nerve growth factor (NGF), to stimulate neurite extension on a promising aligned, nanofiber poly-L-lactide-co-caprolactone (PLCL) scaffold. In vitro, the hydrogels significantly increased neurite extension from dorsal root ganglia explants. Consistent with these results, the addition of hydrogels as luminal fillers within aligned, nanofiber tubular PLCL conduits led to improved sensory function compared to autograft repair in a critical-size defect in the sciatic nerve in a rat model. Sensory recovery was assessed 3 and 12 weeks after repair using a withdrawal assay from thermal stimulation. The addition of hydrogel did not enhance recovery of motor function in the rat model. The NGF led to dose-dependent improvements in neurite out-growth in vitro, but did not have a significant effect in vivo. In summary, composite collagen/hyaluronan hydrogels enhanced sensory neurite outgrowth in vitro and sensory recovery in vivo. The use of such hydrogels as luminal fillers for tubular nerve conduits may therefore be useful in assisting restoration of protective sensation following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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89
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Arslantunali D, Budak G, Hasirci V. Multiwalled CNT-pHEMA composite conduit for peripheral nerve repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:828-41. [PMID: 23554154 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A nerve conduit is designed to improve peripheral nerve regeneration by providing guidance to the nerve cells. Conductivity of such guides is reported to enhance this process. In the current study, a nerve guide was constructed from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), which was loaded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwCNT) to introduce conductivity. PHEMA hydrogels were designed to have a porous structure to facilitate the transportation of the compounds needed for cell nutrition and growth and also for waste removal. We showed that when loaded with relatively high concentrations of mwCNTs (6%, w/w in hydrogels), the pHEMA guide was more conductive and more hydrophobic than pristine pHEMA hydrogel. The mechanical properties of the composites were better when they carried mwCNT. Elastic modulus of 6% mwCNT loaded pHEMA was twofold higher (0.32 ± 0.06 MPa) and similar to that of the soft tissues. Electrical conductivity was significantly improved (11.4-fold) from 7 × 10(-3) Ω(-1).cm(-1) (pHEMA) to 8.0 × 10(-2) Ω(-1).cm(-1) (6% mwCNT loaded pHEMA). On application of electrical potential, the SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells seeded on mwCNTs carrying pHEMA maintained their viability, whereas those on pure pHEMA could not, indicating that mwCNT helped conduct electricity and make them more suitable as nerve conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arslantunali
- BIOMATEN, METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, METU, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
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90
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Binder C, Milleret V, Hall H, Eberli D, Lühmann T. Influence of micro and submicro poly(lactic-glycolic acid) fibers on sensory neural cell locomotion and neurite growth. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1200-8. [PMID: 23650277 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For successful peripheral nerve regeneration, a complex interplay of growth factors, topographical guidance structure by cells and extracellular matrix proteins, are needed. Aligned fibrous biomaterials with a wide variety in fiber diameter have been used successfully to support neuronal guidance. To better understand the importance of size of the topographical features, we investigated the directionality of neuronal migration of sensory ND7/23 cells on aligned electrospun poly(lactic-glycolic acid) PLGA fibers in the range of micrometer and submicrometer diameters by time-lapse microscopy. Cell trajectories of single ND7/23 cells were found to significantly follow topographies of PLGA fibers with micrometer dimensions in contrast to PLGA fibers within the submicrometer range, where cell body movement was observed to be independent of fibrous structures. Moreover, neurite alignment of ND7/23 cells on various topographies was assessed. PLGA fibers with micrometer dimensions significantly aligned 83.3% of all neurites after 1 day of differentiation compared to similar submicrometer structures, which orientated 25.8% of all neurites. Interestingly, after 7 days of differentiation ND7/23 cells on submicrometer PLGA fibers increased their alignment of neurites to 52.5%. Together, aligned PLGA fibers with micrometer dimensions showed a superior influence on directionality of neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth of sensory ND7/23 cells, indicating that electrospun micro-PLGA fibers might represent a potential material to induce directionality of neuronal growth in engineering applications for sensory nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Binder
- Cells and BioMaterials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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91
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Ross AM, Lahann J. Surface engineering the cellular microenvironment via patterning and gradients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Roy J, Kennedy TE, Costantino S. Engineered cell culture substrates for axon guidance studies: moving beyond proof of concept. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:498-508. [PMID: 23288417 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Promoting axon regeneration following injury is one of the ultimate challenges of neuroscience, and understanding the mechanisms that regulate axon growth and guidance is essential to achieve this goal. During development axons are directed over relatively long distances by a precise extracellular distribution of chemical signals in the embryonic nervous system. Multiple guidance proteins, including netrins, slits, semaphorins, ephrins and neurotrophins have been identified as key players in this process. During the last decade, engineered cell culture substrates have been developed to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying axon guidance. This review is focused on the biological insights that have been achieved using new techniques that attempt to mimic in vitro the spatial patterns of proteins that growth cones encounter in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannie Roy
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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93
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Seras-Franzoso J, Peebo K, Luis Corchero J, Tsimbouri PM, Unzueta U, Rinas U, Dalby MJ, Vazquez E, García-Fruitós E, Villaverde A. A nanostructured bacterial bioscaffold for the sustained bottom-up delivery of protein drugs. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1587-99. [PMID: 23394133 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein-based, amyloidal nanomaterials that mechanically stimulate mammalian cell proliferation upon surface decoration. However, their biological performance as potentially functional scaffolds in mammalian cell culture still needs to be explored. MATERIALS & METHODS Using fluorescent proteins, we demonstrate significant membrane penetration of surface-attached IBs and a corresponding intracellular bioavailability of the protein material. RESULTS When IBs are formed by protein drugs, such as the intracellular acting human chaperone Hsp70 or the extracellular/intracellular acting human FGF-2, IB components intervene on top-growing cells, namely by rescuing them from chemically induced apoptosis or by stimulating cell division under serum starvation, respectively. Protein release from IBs seems to mechanistically mimic the sustained secretion of protein hormones from amyloid-like secretory granules in higher organisms. CONCLUSION We propose bacterial IBs as biomimetic nanostructured scaffolds (bioscaffolds) suitable for tissue engineering that, while acting as adhesive materials, partially disintegrate for the slow release of their biologically active building blocks. The bottom-up delivery of protein drugs mediated by bioscaffolds offers a highly promising platform for emerging applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain and Department de Genètica i de MicroBiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain and CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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94
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Rajaram A, Chen XB, Schreyer DJ. Strategic Design and Recent Fabrication Techniques for Bioengineered Tissue Scaffolds to Improve Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:454-67. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Rajaram
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiong-Biao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - David J. Schreyer
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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96
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Effect of modulating macrophage phenotype on peripheral nerve repair. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8793-801. [PMID: 22979988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve repair across long gaps remains clinically challenging despite progress made with autograft transplantation. While scaffolds that present trophic factors and extracellular matrix molecules have been designed, matching the performance of autograft-induced repair has been challenging. In this study, we explored the effect of cytokine mediated 'biasing' of macrophage phenotypes on Schwann cell (SC) migration and axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Macrophage phenotype was successfully modulated by local delivery of either Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) or Interleukin-4 (IL-4) within polymeric nerve guidance channels, polarizing them toward pro-inflammatory (M1) or pro-healing (M2a and M2c) phenotypes, respectively. The initial polarization of macrophages to M2a and M2c phenotype results in enhanced SC infiltration and substantially faster axonal growth in a critically-sized rat sciatic nerve gap model (15 mm). The ratio of pro-healing to pro-inflammatory population of macrophages (CD206+/CCR7+), defined as regenerative bias, demonstrates a linear relationship with the number of axons at the distal end of the nerve scaffolds. The present results clearly suggest that rather than the extent of macrophage presence, their specific phenotype at the site of injury regulates the regenerative outcomes.
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97
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Kubinová S, Syková E. Biomaterials combined with cell therapy for treatment of spinal cord injury. Regen Med 2012; 7:207-24. [PMID: 22397610 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic injury resulting in paralysis or sensory deficits due to tissue damage and the poor ability of axons to regenerate across the lesion. Despite extensive research, there is still no effective treatment that would restore lost function after SCI. A possible therapeutic approach would be to bridge the area of injury with a bioengineered scaffold that would create a stimulatory environment as well as provide guidance cues for the re-establishment of damaged axonal connections. Advanced scaffold design aims at the fabrication of complex materials providing the concomitant delivery of cells, neurotrophic factors or other bioactive substances to achieve a synergistic effect for treatment. This review summarizes the current utilization of scaffolding materials for SCI treatment in terms of their physicochemical properties and emphasizes their use in combination with various cell types, as well as with other combinatorial approaches promoting spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sárka Kubinová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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98
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do Nascimento-Elias AH, Fresnesdas BC, Schiavoni MCL, de Almeida NFG, Santos AP, de Oliveira Ramos J, Junior WM, Barreira AA. Identification of adequate vehicles to carry nerve regeneration inducers using tubulisation. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:100. [PMID: 22889258 PMCID: PMC3512473 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axonal regeneration depends on many factors, such as the type of injury and repair, age, distance from the cell body and distance of the denervated muscle, loss of surrounding tissue and the type of injured nerve. Experimental models use tubulisation with a silicone tube to research regenerative factors and substances to induce regeneration. Agarose, collagen and DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) can be used as vehicles. In this study, we compared the ability of these vehicles to induce rat sciatic nerve regeneration with the intent of finding the least active or inert substance. The experiment used 47 female Wistar rats, which were divided into four experimental groups (agarose 4%, agarose 0.4%, collagen, DMEM) and one normal control group. The right sciatic nerve was exposed, and an incision was made that created a 10 mm gap between the distal and proximal stumps. A silicone tube was grafted onto each stump, and the tubes were filled with the respective media. After 70 days, the sciatic nerve was removed. We evaluated the formation of a regeneration cable, nerve fibre growth, and the functional viability of the regenerated fibres. RESULTS Comparison among the three vehicles showed that 0.4% agarose gels had almost no effect on provoking the regeneration of peripheral nerves and that 4% agarose gels completely prevented fibre growth. The others substances were associated with profuse nerve fibre growth. CONCLUSIONS In the appropriate concentration, agarose gel may be an important vehicle for testing factors that induce regeneration without interfering with nerve growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno César Fresnesdas
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Lopes Schiavoni
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Santos
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jean de Oliveira Ramos
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Marques Junior
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amilton Antunes Barreira
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Av Bandeirantes 3900, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Wieringa P, Tonazzini I, Micera S, Cecchini M. Nanotopography induced contact guidance of the F11 cell line during neuronal differentiation: a neuronal model cell line for tissue scaffold development. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:275102. [PMID: 22710035 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/27/275102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The F11 hybridoma, a dorsal root ganglion-derived cell line, was used to investigate the response of nociceptive sensory neurons to nanotopographical guidance cues. This established this cell line as a model of peripheral sensory neuron growth for tissue scaffold design. Cells were seeded on substrates of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) films imprinted via nanoimprint lithography (NIL) with a grating pattern of nano-scale grooves and ridges. Different ridge widths were employed to alter the focal adhesion formation, thereby changing the cell/substrate interaction. Differentiation was stimulated with forskolin in culture medium consisting of either 1 or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Per medium condition, similar neurite alignment was achieved over the four day period, with the 1% serum condition exhibiting longer, more aligned neurites. Immunostaining for focal adhesions found the 1% FBS condition to also have fewer, less developed focal adhesions. The robust response of the F11 to guidance cues further builds on the utility of this cell line as a sensory neuron model, representing a useful tool to explore the design of regenerative guidance tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wieringa
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Viale le Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
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Yan Q, Yin Y, Li B. Use new PLGL-RGD-NGF nerve conduits for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomed Eng Online 2012; 11:36. [PMID: 22776032 PMCID: PMC3465232 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-11-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nerve conduits provide a promising strategy for peripheral nerve injury repair. However, the efficiency of nerve conduits to enhance nerve regeneration and functional recovery is often inferior to that of autografts. Nerve conduits require additional factors such as cell adhesion molecules and neurotrophic factors to provide a more conducive microenvironment for nerve regeneration. Methods In the present study, poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-lysine)]} (PLGL) was modified by grafting Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Gly (RGD peptide) and nerve growth factor (NGF) for fabricating new PLGL-RGD-NGF nerve conduits to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery. PLGL-RGD-NGF nerve conduits were tested in the rat sciatic nerve transection model. Rat sciatic nerves were cut off to form a 10 mm defect and repaired with the nerve conduits. All of the 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group PLGL-RGD-NGF, group PLGL-RGD, group PLGL and group autograft. At 3 months after surgery, the regenerated rat sciatic nerve was evaluated by footprint analysis, electrophysiology, and histologic assessment. Experimental data were processed using the statistical software SPSS 10.0. Results The sciatic function index value of groups PLGL-RGD-NGF and autograft was significantly higher than those of groups PLGL-RGD and PLGL. The nerve conduction velocities of groups PLGL-RGD-NGF and autograft were significantly faster than those of groups PLGL-RGD and PLGL. The regenerated nerves of groups PLGL-RGD-NGF and autograft were more mature than those of groups PLGL-RGD and PLGL. There was no significant difference between groups PLGL-RGD-NGF and autograft. Conclusions PLGL-RGD-NGF nerve conduits are more effective in regenerating nerves than both PLGL-RGD nerve conduits and PLGL nerve conduits. The effect is as good as that of an autograft. This work established the platform for further development of the use of PLGL-RGD-NGF nerve conduits for clinical nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongjiao Yan
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China.
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