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Leach DG, Young S, Hartgerink JD. Advances in immunotherapy delivery from implantable and injectable biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:15-31. [PMID: 30771535 PMCID: PMC6632081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroscale biomaterials, such as preformed implantable scaffolds and injectable soft materials, possess powerful synergies with anti-cancer immunotherapies. Immunotherapies on their own typically have poor delivery properties, and often require repeated high-dose injections that result in serious off-tumor effects and/or limited efficacy. Rationally designed biomaterials allow for discrete localization and controlled release of immunotherapeutic agents, and have been shown in a large number of applications to improve outcomes in the treatment of cancers via immunotherapy. Among various strategies, macroscale biomaterial delivery systems can take the form of robust tablet-like scaffolds that are surgically implanted into a tumor resection site, releasing programmed immune cells or immunoregulatory agents. Alternatively they can be developed as soft gel-like materials that are injected into solid tumors or sites of resection to stimulate a potent anti-tumor immune response. Biomaterials synthesized from diverse components such as polymers and peptides can be combined with any immunotherapy in the modern toolbox, from checkpoint inhibitors and stimulatory adjuvants, to cancer antigens and adoptive T cells, resulting in unique synergies and improved therapeutic efficacy. The field is growing rapidly in size as publications continue to appear in the literature, and biomaterial-based immunotherapies are entering clinical trials and human patients. It is unarguably an exciting time for cancer immunotherapy and biomaterial researchers, and further work seeks to understand the most critical design considerations in the development of the next-generation of immunotherapeutic biomaterials. This review will discuss recent advances in the delivery of immunotherapies from localized biomaterials, focusing on macroscale implantable and injectable systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Anti-cancer immunotherapies have shown exciting clinical results in the past few decades, yet they suffer from a few distinct limitations, such as poor delivery kinetics, narrow patient response profiles, and systemic side effects. Biomaterial systems are now being developed that can overcome many of these problems, allowing for localized adjuvant delivery, focused dose concentrations, and extended therapy presentation. The field of biocompatible carrier materials is uniquely suited to be combined with immunotherapy, promising to yield significant improvements in treatment outcomes and clinical care. In this review, the first pioneering efforts and most recent advances in biomaterials for immunotherapeutic applications are explored, with a specific focus on implantable and injectable biomaterials such as porous scaffolds, cryogels, and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Leach
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Hartgerink
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States.
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Brown S, Pistiner J, Adjei IM, Sharma B. Nanoparticle Properties for Delivery to Cartilage: The Implications of Disease State, Synovial Fluid, and Off-Target Uptake. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:469-479. [PMID: 28669194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A major hurdle limiting the ability to treat and cure osteoarthritis, a common and debilitating disease, is rapid joint clearance and limited cartilage targeting of intra-articular therapies. Nanoscale drug carriers have the potential to improve therapeutic targeting and retention in the joint after direct injection; however, there still lacks a fundamental understanding of how the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) influence localization to the degenerating cartilage and how joint conditions such as disease state and synovial fluid impact NP biodistribution. The goal of this study was to assess how physicochemical properties of NPs influence their interactions with joint tissues and, ultimately, cartilage localization. Ex vivo models of joint tissues were used to study how poly(lactide- co-glycolide) (PLGA) and polystyrene (PS) NP size, charge, and surface chemistry influence cartilage retention under normal and disease-mimicking conditions. Of the particles investigated, PLGA NPs surface-modified with a quaternary ammonium cation had the greatest retention within cartilage explants; however, retention was diminished 2- to 2.9-fold in arthritic tissue and in the presence of synovial fluid. Interactions with synovial fluid induced changes to NP surface properties and colloidal stability in vitro. The impact of NP charge on "off-target" synoviocyte uptake was also dependent on synovial fluid interactions. The results suggest that the design of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery within the joint cannot be based on a single parameter such as zeta potential or size, and that the fate of injected delivery systems will likely be influenced by the disease state of the joint and the presence of synovial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Brown
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , 1275 Center Drive , Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida 32611-6131 , United States
| | - Jake Pistiner
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , 1275 Center Drive , Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida 32611-6131 , United States
| | - Isaac M Adjei
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , 1275 Center Drive , Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida 32611-6131 , United States
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , 1275 Center Drive , Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida 32611-6131 , United States
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Rowland CR, Glass KA, Ettyreddy AR, Gloss CC, Matthews JRL, Huynh NPT, Guilak F. Regulation of decellularized tissue remodeling via scaffold-mediated lentiviral delivery in anatomically-shaped osteochondral constructs. Biomaterials 2018; 177:161-175. [PMID: 29894913 PMCID: PMC6082159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage-derived matrix (CDM) has emerged as a promising scaffold material for tissue engineering of cartilage and bone due to its native chondroinductive capacity and its ability to support endochondral ossification. Because it consists of native tissue, CDM can undergo cellular remodeling, which can promote integration with host tissue and enables it to be degraded and replaced by neotissue over time. However, enzymatic degradation of decellularized tissues can occur unpredictably and may not allow sufficient time for mechanically competent tissue to form, especially in the harsh inflammatory environment of a diseased joint. The goal of the current study was to engineer cartilage and bone constructs with the ability to inhibit aberrant inflammatory processes caused by the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), through scaffold-mediated delivery of lentiviral particles containing a doxycycline-inducible IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) transgene on anatomically-shaped CDM constructs. Additionally, scaffold-mediated lentiviral gene delivery was used to facilitate spatial organization of simultaneous chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation via site-specific transduction of a single mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population to overexpress either chondrogenic, transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3), or osteogenic, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), transgenes. Controlled induction of IL-1Ra expression protected CDM hemispheres from inflammation-mediated degradation, and supported robust bone and cartilage tissue formation even in the presence of IL-1. In the absence of inflammatory stimuli, controlled cellular remodeling was exploited as a mechanism for fusing concentric CDM hemispheres overexpressing BMP-2 and TGF-β3 into a single bi-layered osteochondral construct. Our findings demonstrate that site-specific delivery of inducible and tunable transgenes confers spatial and temporal control over both CDM scaffold remodeling and neotissue composition. Furthermore, these constructs provide a microphysiological in vitro joint organoid model with site-specific, tunable, and inducible protein delivery systems for examining the spatiotemporal response to pro-anabolic and/or inflammatory signaling across the osteochondral interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Rowland
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | - Catherine C Gloss
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jared R L Matthews
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nguyen P T Huynh
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Ferracini R, Martínez Herreros I, Russo A, Casalini T, Rossi F, Perale G. Scaffolds as Structural Tools for Bone-Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030122. [PMID: 30096765 PMCID: PMC6161191 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone has a high potential to regenerate itself after damage and injury, the efficacious repair of large bone defects resulting from resection, trauma or non-union fractures still requires the implantation of bone grafts. Materials science, in conjunction with biotechnology, can satisfy these needs by developing artificial bones, synthetic substitutes and organ implants. In particular, recent advances in materials science have provided several innovations, underlying the increasing importance of biomaterials in this field. To address the increasing need for improved bone substitutes, tissue engineering seeks to create synthetic, three-dimensional scaffolds made from organic or inorganic materials, incorporating drugs and growth factors, to induce new bone tissue formation. This review emphasizes recent progress in materials science that allows reliable scaffolds to be synthesized for targeted drug delivery in bone regeneration, also with respect to past directions no longer considered promising. A general overview concerning modeling approaches suitable for the discussed systems is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Isabel Martínez Herreros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Casalini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria, 26928 Manno, Switzerland.
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via Cantonale 2C, Galleria, 26928 Manno, Switzerland.
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, Via Cantonale 67, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland.
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Desai P, Venkataramanan A, Schneider R, Jaiswal MK, Carrow JK, Purwada A, Singh A, Gaharwar AK. Self-assembled, ellipsoidal polymeric nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of therapeutics. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2048-2058. [PMID: 29577576 PMCID: PMC6093774 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle shape has emerged as a key regulator of nanoparticle transport across physiological barriers, intracellular uptake, and biodistribution. We report a facile approach to synthesize ellipsoidal nanoparticles through self-assembly of poly(glycerol sebacate)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PGS-co-PEG). The PGS-PEG nanoparticle system is highly tunable, and the semiaxis length of the nanoparticles can be modulated by changing PGS-PEG molar ratio and incorporating therapeutics. As both PGS and PEG are highly biocompatible, the PGS-co-PEG nanoparticles show high hemo-, immuno-, and cytocompatibility. Our data suggest that PGS-co-PEG nanoparticles have the potential for use in a wide range of biomedical applications including regenerative medicine, stem cell engineering, immune modulation, and cancer therapeutics. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2048-2058, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
| | - Anjana Venkataramanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
| | - Rebecca Schneider
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Manish K. Jaiswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
| | - James K. Carrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
| | - Alberto Purwada
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Ankur Singh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
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56
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Intra-articular clearance of labeled dextrans from naive and arthritic rat knee joints. J Control Release 2018; 283:76-83. [PMID: 29842918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the effects of arthritis on the trans-synovial clearance of small and large model compounds following local delivery to the knee joint in a rat model. DESIGN Intra-articular delivery was studied in rat knee joints in an osteoarthritis model of joint instability (medial collateral ligament and meniscus transection model or MMT). Fluorescently-labeled 10 kDa or 500 kDa dextran was injected in the arthritic or unoperated control (naive) joints 3 weeks after surgical destabilization, and the temporal clearance pattern was evaluated via in vivo regional fluorescence imaging, dextran concentrations in plasma and draining lymph nodes, and by quantification of fluorescence in histological synovium sections. Together these data were used to evaluate the effect of osteoarthritis and solute size on the rate of drug clearance from the joint. RESULTS Clearance of 10 kDa dextran from the joint space quantified using in vivo fluorescence imaging of the knee joint region was not significantly different between naive and MMT joints. In contrast, clearance of 500 kDa dextran was significantly reduced for MMT joints when compared to naive joints by fluorescence in vivo imaging. Drug accumulation in lymph nodes and plasma were lower for the 500 kDa dextran as compared to 10 kDa dextran, and lymph node levels were further reduced with the presence of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, synovium was significantly thicker in MMT joints than in naive joints and image analysis of joint tissue sections revealed different trans-synovial distributions of 10 and 500 kDa dextran. CONCLUSION Large macromolecules were retained in the arthritic joint longer than in the healthy joint, while smaller molecules were cleared similarly in healthy and arthritic joints. In vivo fluorescence imaging, plasma and lymph node concentrations, and spatial distributions of drug fluorescence identified differences in higher molecular weight clearance between naive and arthritic disease states. Findings may relate to a thickening of synovium for joints with induced arthritis, and support the concept that intra-articular drug delivery effectiveness may vary with the state of joint pathology.
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Dashnyam K, Lee JH, Mandakhbayar N, Jin GZ, Lee HH, Kim HW. Intra-articular biomaterials-assisted delivery to treat temporomandibular joint disorders. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418776514. [PMID: 29785258 PMCID: PMC5954570 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418776514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint disorder, also known as myofascial pain syndrome, is considered one of the prevalent chronic pain diseases caused by muscle inflammation and cartilage degradation in head and neck, and thus influences even biopsychosocial conditions in a lifetime. There are several current treatment methodologies relieving inflammation and preventing degradation of the joint complex. One of the promising non-surgical treatment methods is an intra-articular injection of drugs such as corticosteroids, analgesics, and anti-depressants. However, the side effects of drugs due to frequent injections and over-doses, including dizziness, dry mouth, and possible drug dependency are considered limitations. Thus, the delivery of therapeutic molecules through the use of nano/microparticles is currently considered as a promising strategy primarily due to the controlled release. This review highlights the nano/microparticle systems for effective intra-articular therapeutics delivery to prevent cartilage degradation and protect subchondral bone in a temporomandibular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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58
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Hulme JT, D'Souza WN, McBride HJ, Yoon BRP, Willee AM, Duguay A, Thomas M, Fan B, Dayao MR, Rottman JB, Merriam K, Xie J, Smith R, Alba BM, Case RB, Dang K, Montalvan A, Grinberg N, Sun H, Black RA, Gabel CA, Sims JE, Moore K, Bakker A, Li P. Novel protein therapeutic joint retention strategy based on collagen-binding Avimers. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1238-1247. [PMID: 28971529 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Designing drugs to treat diseases associated with articular joints, particularly those targeting chondrocytes, is challenging due to unique local environmental constraints including the avascular nature of cartilage, the absence of a closed joint compartment, and a highly cross-linked extracellular matrix. In an effort to address these challenges, we developed a novel strategy to prolong residence time of intra-articularly administered protein therapeutics. Avimer domains are naturally found in membrane polypeptides and mediate diverse protein-protein interactions. Screening of a phage Avimer domain library led to identification of several low affinity type II collagen-binding Avimers. Following several rounds of mutagenesis and reselection, these initial hits were transformed to high affinity, selective type II collagen-binding Avimers. One such Avimer (M26) persisted in rat knees for at least 1 month following intra-articular administration. Fusion of this Avimer to a candidate therapeutic payload, IL-1Ra, yielded a protein construct which simultaneously bound to type II collagen and to IL-1 receptor. In vitro, IL-1Ra_M26 bound selectively to cartilage explants and remained associated even after extensive washing. Binding appeared to occur preferentially to pericellular regions surrounding chondrocytes. An acute intra-articular IL-1-induced IL-6 challenge rat model was employed to assess in vivo pharmacodynamics. Whereas both IL-1Ra_M26 and native IL-1Ra inhibited IL-6 output when co-administered with the IL-1 challenge, only IL-1Ra_M26 inhibited when administered 1 week prior to IL-1 challenge. Collagen-binding Avimers thus represent a promising strategy for enhancing cartilage residence time of protein therapeutics. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1238-1247, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Duguay
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Melissa Thomas
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Fan
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - James B Rottman
- Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kim Merriam
- Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jiansong Xie
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Richard Smith
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin M Alba
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ryan B Case
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Khue Dang
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Natalia Grinberg
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hong Sun
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Roy A Black
- Inflammation, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | | | - John E Sims
- Inflammation, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin Moore
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Alice Bakker
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Peng Li
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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60
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Song W, Di W, Qin W. Synthesis of mesoporous-silica-coated Gd2O3:Eu@silica particles as cell imaging and drug delivery agents. Dalton Trans 2017; 45:7443-9. [PMID: 27040176 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous-silica-coated Gd2O3:Eu/silica nanoparticles were synthesized by a multistep chemical process and characterized by XRD, TEM and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms in terms of size, morphology and porosity. The core Gd2O3:Eu obtained by this method was highly luminescent upon excitation, giving the function of cell imaging upon incubation with the human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. The outer porous silica shell is able to load the anticancer drug with a relatively high loading efficiency and release the loaded drugs at a sustained rate. The HeLa cells can be killed effectively on incubation with the core-shell porous particles loaded with the anticancer drug DOX. Meanwhile, the accumulation of mesoporous nanoparticles loaded with drugs in the target location could be monitored via fluorescence imaging. Therefore, the core-shell hybrid nanoparticles presented in this work are potential multifunctional biomaterials for smart detection or diagnosis and therapy in future biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Song
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Weihua Di
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Weiping Qin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Dacoba TG, Olivera A, Torres D, Crecente-Campo J, Alonso MJ. Modulating the immune system through nanotechnology. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:78-102. [PMID: 29032891 PMCID: PMC5774666 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology-based modulation of the immune system is presented as a cutting-edge strategy, which may lead to significant improvements in the treatment of severe diseases. In particular, efforts have been focused on the development of nanotechnology-based vaccines, which could be used for immunization or generation of tolerance. In this review, we highlight how different immune responses can be elicited by tuning nanosystems properties. In addition, we discuss specific formulation approaches designed for the development of anti-infectious and anti-autoimmune vaccines, as well as those intended to prevent the formation of antibodies against biologicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara G Dacoba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Ana Olivera
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Dolores Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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Turning the screw even further to increase microparticle retention and ocular bioavailability of associated drugs: The bioadhesion goal. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:167-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pedrosa S, Pereira P, Correia A, Gama F. Targetability of hyaluronic acid nanogel to cancer cells : In vitro and in vivo studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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64
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Kelly SH, Shores LS, Votaw NL, Collier JH. Biomaterial strategies for generating therapeutic immune responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:3-18. [PMID: 28455189 PMCID: PMC5606982 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials employed to raise therapeutic immune responses have become a complex and active field. Historically, vaccines have been developed primarily to fight infectious diseases, but recent years have seen the development of immunologically active biomaterials towards an expanding list of non-infectious diseases and conditions including inflammation, autoimmunity, wounds, cancer, and others. This review structures its discussion of these approaches around a progression from single-target strategies to those that engage increasingly complex and multifactorial immune responses. First, the targeting of specific individual cytokines is discussed, both in terms of delivering the cytokines or blocking agents, and in terms of active immunotherapies that raise neutralizing immune responses against such single cytokine targets. Next, non-biological complex drugs such as randomized polyamino acid copolymers are discussed in terms of their ability to raise multiple different therapeutic immune responses, particularly in the context of autoimmunity. Last, biologically derived matrices and materials are discussed in terms of their ability to raise complex immune responses in the context of tissue repair. Collectively, these examples reflect the tremendous diversity of existing approaches and the breadth of opportunities that remain for generating therapeutic immune responses using biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Kelly
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Lucas S Shores
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Nicole L Votaw
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States.
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65
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Wang T, Tang Y, He X, Yan J, Wang C, Feng X. Self-Assembled Raspberry-Like Core/Satellite Nanoparticles for Anti-Inflammatory Protein Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6902-6907. [PMID: 28155269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional proteins are very promising for protein therapeutics; however, effective delivery of therapeutic proteins remains challenging. Herein, we developed novel core/satellite nanoparticles by tethering therapeutic proteins to the core/shell polymeric particle surface through cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-mediated host-guest interactions. The effectiveness of the core/satellite nanoparticles as protein carrier was demonstrated through the intra-articular delivery of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). We showed that IL-1Ra can effectively self-assemble onto the surface of the polymeric nanoparticles and maintained good protein bioactivity by inhibiting IL-1-mediated signaling. More importantly, in vivo results revealed that IL-1Ra-bounded core/satellite nanoparticles could significantly increase the retention time of IL-1Ra in the rat stifle joint compared to soluble IL-1Ra, which could greatly improve the efficacy of IL-1Ra. These results indicate that the facile host-guest self-assembly can be exploited as an effective approach for realizing the therapeutic potential of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yaqin Tang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiao He
- Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ju Yan
- Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xuli Feng
- Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331, China
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66
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Perni S, Prokopovich P. Poly-beta-amino-esters nano-vehicles based drug delivery system for cartilage. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:539-548. [PMID: 27746232 PMCID: PMC5339075 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The efficient delivery of therapeutic molecules to the cartilage of joints is a major obstacle in developing useful therapeutic interventions; hence, a targeted drug delivery system for this tissue is critical. We have overcome the challenge by developing a system that employs electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged constituents of cartilage and a positively charged polymer, poly-beta amino esters (PBAEs). We have demonstrated cartilage uptake of dexamethasone (DEX) covalently bound to the PBAE was doubled and retention in tissues prolonged compared to the equivalent dose of the commercial drug formulation. Moreover, no adverse effects on chondrocytes were found. Our data also show that PBAEs can bind not only healthy cartilage tissues but also enzymatically treated cartilage mimicking early stages of OA. Our PBAEs-prodrug technology's advantages are fourfold; the specificity and efficacy of its targeting mechanism for cartilage, the ease of its production and the low-cost nature of the delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Perni
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Polina Prokopovich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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67
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Abstract
Articular cartilage is a load-bearing tissue that lines the surface of bones in diarthrodial joints. Unfortunately, this avascular tissue has a limited capacity for intrinsic repair. Treatment options for articular cartilage defects include microfracture and arthroplasty; however, these strategies fail to generate tissue that adequately restores damaged cartilage. Limitations of current treatments for cartilage defects have prompted the field of cartilage tissue engineering, which seeks to integrate engineering and biological principles to promote the growth of new cartilage to replace damaged tissue. To date, a wide range of scaffolds and cell sources have emerged with a focus on recapitulating the microenvironments present during development or in adult tissue, in order to induce the formation of cartilaginous constructs with biochemical and mechanical properties of native tissue. Hydrogels have emerged as a promising scaffold due to the wide range of possible properties and the ability to entrap cells within the material. Towards improving cartilage repair, hydrogel design has advanced in recent years to improve their utility. Some of these advances include the development of improved network crosslinking (e.g. double-networks), new techniques to process hydrogels (e.g. 3D printing) and better incorporation of biological signals (e.g. controlled release). This review summarises these innovative approaches to engineer hydrogels towards cartilage repair, with an eye towards eventual clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
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68
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Purwada A, Singh A. Immuno-engineered organoids for regulating the kinetics of B-cell development and antibody production. Nat Protoc 2016; 12:168-182. [PMID: 28005068 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Induction of B-cell immunity against infection depends on the initiation of the germinal center (GC) reaction in secondary lymphoid organs. Ex vivo recapitulation of the GC reaction in 2D cultures results in transient cell growth, with poor yield and short-term survival. Furthermore, no reported 2D ex vivo system can modulate the kinetics of a GC-like phenotype or the rate of antibody class switching. This protocol describes a methodology for developing immune organoids that partially mimic the B-cell zone of a lymphoid tissue, for efficient and rapid generation of B cells with a GC-like phenotype from naive murine B cells. The organoid is composed of a bioadhesive protein, gelatin, that is transformed into an ionically cross-linked hydrated network using biocompatible silicate nanoparticles (SiNPs). We explain how to establish the immune organoid culture to sustain immune cell proliferation and transformation into a GC-like phenotype. Starting with cell encapsulation in digested lymphoid tissues, clusters of proliferating B cells with a GC-like phenotype can be generated in the organoids at controlled rates, within ∼1 week. The culture methodology described here is currently the only one that allows the accelerated induction of a GC-like phenotype in B cells and supports a controllable immunoglobulin class-switching reaction. This method can be easily implemented in a typical tissue culture room by personnel with standard mammalian cell culture expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Purwada
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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69
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Machado-Pereira M, Santos T, Bernardino L, Ferreira R. Vascular inter-regulation of inflammation: molecular and cellular targets for CNS therapy. J Neurochem 2016; 140:692-702. [PMID: 27925201 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and inflammation are clearly interconnected and interdependent processes that are dysregulated in a series of systemic and brain pathologies. Herein, key aspects regarding endothelial cell function and tissue remodelling that are particularly affected or aggravated by inflammation are presented. Most importantly, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the vascular regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring in several brain disorders and how they impact on disease/injury progression are detailed, highlighting potential targets for therapy. Finally, nanomedicine-based approaches designed to overcome limitations pertaining to low systemic bioavailability, light, pH and temperature sensitivity and/or rapid degradation of these targets, and to optimize their mode of action are discussed. Ultimately, we expect this review to provide new insight and to suggest novel approaches for the treatment of blood-brain barrier dysfunction per se or as a means to treat the injured or diseased central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Machado-Pereira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Liliana Bernardino
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
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70
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Shah NJ, Geiger BC, Quadir MA, Hyder MN, Krishnan Y, Grodzinsky AJ, Hammond PT. Synthetic nanoscale electrostatic particles as growth factor carriers for cartilage repair. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:347-356. [PMID: 28584879 PMCID: PMC5457159 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient transport of biological therapeutic materials to target tissues within the body is critical to their efficacy. In cartilage tissue, the lack of blood vessels prevents the entry of systemically administered drugs at therapeutic levels. Within the articulating joint complex, the dense and highly charged extracellular matrix (ECM) hinders the transport of locally administered therapeutic molecules. Consequently, cartilage injury is difficult to treat and frequently results in debilitating osteoarthritis. Here we show a generalizable approach in which the electrostatic assembly of synthetic polypeptides and a protein, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), can be used as an early interventional therapy to treat injury to the cartilage. We demonstrated that poly(glutamic acid) and poly(arginine) associated with the IGF‐1 via electrostatic interactions, forming a net charged nanoscale polyelectrolyte complex (nanoplex). We observed that the nanoplex diffused into cartilage plugs in vitro and stimulated ECM production. In vivo, we monitored the transport, retention and therapeutic efficacy of the nanoplex in an established rat model of cartilage injury. A single therapeutic dose, when administered within 48 hr of the injury, conferred protection against cartilage degradation and controlled interleukin‐1 mediated inflammation. IGF‐1 contained in the nanoplex was detected in the joint space for up to 4 weeks following administration and retained bioactivity. The results indicate the potential of this approach as an early intervention therapy following joint injury to delay or even entirely prevent the onset of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisarg J Shah
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Brett C Geiger
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142.,Dept. of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Mohiuddin A Quadir
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Md Nasim Hyder
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142.,Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Yamini Krishnan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139.,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139.,Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02142
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71
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Parani M, Lokhande G, Singh A, Gaharwar AK. Engineered Nanomaterials for Infection Control and Healing Acute and Chronic Wounds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10049-69. [PMID: 27043006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoengineered biomaterials have dramatically expanded the range of tools used for infection control and to accelerate wound healing. This review thoroughly describes the developments that are shaping this emerging field and evaluates the potential wound healing applications of recently developed engineered nanomaterials for both acute and chronic wounds. Specifically, we will assess the unique characteristics of engineered nanomaterials that render them applicable for wound healing and infection control. A range of engineered nanomaterials, including polymeric-, metallic- and ceramic-based nanomaterials, that could be used as therapeutic delivery agents to accelerate regeneration of damaged dermal and epidermal tissues are also detailed. Finally, we will detail the current state of engineered nanomaterials for wound regeneration and will identify promising new research directions in infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madasamy Parani
- Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University , Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | | | - Ankur Singh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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72
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Holyoak DT, Tian YF, van der Meulen MCH, Singh A. Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Mouse Models, and Nanoparticle Injectable Systems for Targeted Treatment. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:2062-75. [PMID: 27044450 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, degenerative disease of articulating joints that not only affects the elderly, but also involves younger, more active individuals with prolonged participation in high physical-demand activities. Thus, effective therapies that are easy to adopt clinically are critical in limiting the societal burden associated with OA. This review is focused on intra-articular injectable regimens and provides a comprehensive look at existing in vivo models of OA that might be suitable for developing, testing, and finding a cure for OA by intra-articular injections. We first discuss the pathology, molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of OA, and challenges associated with disease-specific targeting of OA. We proceed to discuss available animal models of OA and provide a detailed perspective on the use of mouse models in studies of experimental OA. We finally provide a closer look at intra-articular injectable treatments for OA, focusing on biomaterials-based nanoparticles, and provide a comprehensive overview of the various nanometer-size ranges studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T Holyoak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA
| | - Ye F Tian
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA
| | - Marjolein C H van der Meulen
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA.
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA.
| | - Ankur Singh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7501, USA.
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73
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Kavanaugh TE, Werfel TA, Cho H, Hasty KA, Duvall CL. Particle-based technologies for osteoarthritis detection and therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:132-47. [PMID: 25990835 PMCID: PMC4654703 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by degradation of joints with the development of painful osteophytes in the surrounding tissues. Currently, there are a limited number of treatments for this disease, and many of these only provide temporary, palliative relief. In this review, we discuss particle-based drug delivery systems that can provide targeted and sustained delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to OA-affected sites. We focus on technologies such as polymeric micelles and nano-/microparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers for their potential treatment and/or diagnosis of OA. Several promising studies are highlighted, motivating the continued development of delivery technologies to improve treatments for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hongsik Cho
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Karen A Hasty
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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74
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Khodabandehlou K, Tian S, Luft JC, Khan SA, DeSimone JM. Particles for Local Delivery of Proteins Using Intra-Articular Route. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:653-8, 626. [PMID: 26833828 PMCID: PMC4852977 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Designing a vehicle for local delivery of proteins using intra-articular route is an attractive option to minimize the adverse effects associated with systemic exposure and to maximize the efficacy. Slowly dissolving silylated microparticles are designed with specific size and shape that are capable of extending the retention time of a model protein (bovine serum albumin) in the murine knee joint. No cytotoxicity is observed for the reconstituted formulation when tested against synovial fibroblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Khodabandehlou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James C. Luft
- Department of Chemistry, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Institute for Nanomedicine, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and Institute for Advanced Materials, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Saad A. Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Department of Chemistry, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Institute for Nanomedicine, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and Institute for Advanced Materials, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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75
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Agarwal R, Volkmer TM, Wang P, Lee LA, Wang Q, García AJ. Synthesis of self-assembled IL-1Ra-presenting nanoparticles for the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:595-599. [PMID: 26507256 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease that results in degradation of cartilage in load-bearing joints. Pain and inflammation in the joint are the hallmarks of this condition, which further exacerbate the cartilage destruction and health of the patient. It is hence imperative to treat the joint inflammation at the earliest. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) blockade by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has shown promise in the clinic but this therapy suffers from rapid clearance, high doses, and frequent intervention. Use of carrier particles that result in longer residence time has been proposed. Here we have synthesized a new class of nanoparticles presenting IL-1Ra on the surface and with tunable size from 300 to 700 nm. These IL-1Ra-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-pyridine nanoparticles are cytocompatible and stable in serum-containing solutions for several days. Our results further demonstrate that these nanoparticles are capable of blocking IL-1β signaling in an NF-κB inducible reporter cell line. These engineered nanoparticles are promising for localized intra-articular delivery in joint space to reduce inflammation in osteoarthritis and other inflammatory diseases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 595-599, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Agarwal
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Tiago M Volkmer
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,Materials Engineering Department, Franciscan University Center, Santa Maria, RS 97010-491, Brazil
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, ColumbiaSouth Carolina 29208
| | - L Andrew Lee
- A&Q NanoDesigns, LLC, ColumbiaSouth Carolina 29201
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, ColumbiaSouth Carolina 29208
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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76
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Abdel-Sayed P, Pioletti DP. Strategies for improving the repair of focal cartilage defects. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2893-905. [PMID: 26377158 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage, together with skin, was predicted to be one of the first tissues to be successfully engineered. However cartilage repair remains nowadays still elusive, as we are still not able to overcome the hurdles of creating biomaterials corresponding to the native properties of the tissue, and which operate in joints environment that is not favorable for regeneration. In this review, we give an overview of the outcome of current cartilage treatment techniques. Furthermore we present current research strategies for improving cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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77
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Dumont CM, Park J, Shea LD. Controlled release strategies for modulating immune responses to promote tissue regeneration. J Control Release 2015; 219:155-166. [PMID: 26264833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of tissue engineering have enhanced the potential of regenerative medicine, yet the efficacy of these strategies remains incomplete, and is limited by the innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune response associated with injury or disease combined with that mounted to biomaterials, transplanted cells, proteins, and gene therapies vectors can contribute to the inability to fully restore tissue function. Blocking immune responses such as with anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive agents are either ineffective, as the immune response contributes significantly to regeneration, or have significant side effects. This review describes targeted strategies to modulate the immune response in order to limit tissue damage following injury, promote an anti-inflammatory environment that leads to regeneration, and induce antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance that can target degenerative diseases that destroy tissues and promote engraftment of transplanted cells. Focusing on targeted immuno-modulation, we describe local delivery techniques to sites of inflammation as well as systemic approaches that preferentially target subsets of immune populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jonghyuck Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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78
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Howard D, Wardale J, Guehring H, Henson F. Delivering rhFGF-18 via a bilayer collagen membrane to enhance microfracture treatment of chondral defects in a large animal model. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1120-7. [PMID: 25721940 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Augmented microfracture techniques use growth factors, cells, and/or scaffolds to enhance the healing of microfracture-treated cartilage defects. This study investigates the effect of delivering recombinant human fibroblastic growth factor 18 (rhFHF18, Sprifermin) via a collagen membrane on the healing of a chondral defect treated with microfracture in an ovine model. Eight millimeter diameter chondral defects were created in the medial femoral condyle of 40 sheep (n = 5/treatment group). Defects were treated with microfracture alone, microfracture + intra-articular rhFGF-18 or microfracture + rhFGF-18 delivered on a membrane. Outcome measures included mechanical testing, weight bearing, International Cartilage Repair Society repair score, modified O'Driscoll score, qualitative histology, and immunohistochemistry for types I and II collagen. In animals treated with 32 μg rhFGF-18 + membrane and intra-articularly, there was a statistically significant improvement in weight bearing at 2 and 4 weeks post surgery and in the modified O'Driscoll score compared to controls. In addition, repair tissue stained was more strongly stained for type II collagen than for type I collagen. rhFGF-18 delivered via a collagen membrane at the point of surgery potentiates the healing of a microfracture treated cartilage defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Howard
- Orthopaedics Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 180, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hill's Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Wardale
- Orthopaedics Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 180, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hill's Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frances Henson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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79
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In vivo anti-apoptosis activity of novel berberine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively ameliorates osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:34-43. [PMID: 26002585 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Berberine chloride (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that possesses promising protective efficacies against osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, the therapeutic agent of this substance in OA is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability and short biological half-life. In this study, chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles were prepared for the sustained release of BBR. Novel BBR-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) were successfully synthesized by the ionic cross-linking method. BBR-loaded CNs were spherical and homogeneous in shape. Moreover, they exhibited good stability and had ideal releasing profile in vitro. After intra-articular injection of BBR-loaded CNs, the level of BBR in rat plasma decreased and the retention time in synovial fluid increased compared with free BBR solution. In vivo evaluation of BBR-loaded CNs further showed higher anti-apoptosis activity in the treatment of OA compared with BBR solution at equivalent concentration. This result was evidenced by the changes of gross morphology and histological analyses in rat articular cartilage, TUNEL assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax expressions. Given these results, BBR-loaded CNs are potential therapeutic agents for OA.
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80
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Mwangi TK, Bowles RD, Tainter DM, Bell RD, Kaplan DL, Setton LA. Synthesis and characterization of silk fibroin microparticles for intra-articular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2015; 485:7-14. [PMID: 25724134 PMCID: PMC4422162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of silk fibroin (SF) microparticles as sustained release vehicles for intra-articular delivery. DESIGN SF formulations were varied to generate microparticle drug carriers that were characterized in vitro for their physical properties, release kinetics for a conjugated fluorophore (Cy7), and in vivo for intra-articular retention time using live-animal, fluorescence in vivo imaging. RESULTS SF microparticle carriers were spherical in shape and ranged from 598 nm to 21.5 μm in diameter. SF microparticles provided for sustained release of Cy7 in vitro, with only 10% of the initial load released over 7 days. Upon intra-articular injection in rat knee joints, the SF microparticles were associated with an intra-articular fluorescence decay half-life of 43.3h, greatly increasing the joint residence over that for an equivalent concentration of SF-Cy7 in solution form. The SF microparticles also increase the localization of dye within the joint cavity as determined by image analysis of fluorescent gradients, significantly reducing distribution of the Cy7 to neighboring tissue as compared to SF-Cy7 in free solution. CONCLUSION Silk microparticles act to provide for localized and sustained delivery of loaded small molecules following intra-articular injection, and may be an attractive strategy for delivering small molecule drugs for the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David M. Tainter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
NC
| | - Richard D. Bell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
NC
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Lori A. Setton
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
NC
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81
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Browne S, Pandit A. Biomaterial-mediated modification of the local inflammatory environment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:67. [PMID: 26029692 PMCID: PMC4432793 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in the rejection of biomaterial implants. In addition, despite playing an important role in the early stages of wound healing, dysregulated inflammation has a negative impact on the wound healing processes. Thus, strategies to modulate excessive inflammation are needed. Through the use of biomaterials to control the release of anti-inflammatory therapeutics, increased control over inflammation is possible in a range of pathological conditions. However, the choice of biomaterial (natural or synthetic), and the form it takes (solid, hydrogel, or micro/nanoparticle) is dependent on both the cause and tissue location of inflammation. These considerations also influence the nature of the anti-inflammatory therapeutic that is incorporated into the biomaterial to be delivered. In this report, the range of biomaterials and anti-inflammatory therapeutics that have been combined will be discussed, as well as the functional benefit observed. Furthermore, we point toward future strategies in the field that will bring more efficacious anti-inflammatory therapeutics closer to realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Browne
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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82
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Bajpayee AG, Scheu M, Grodzinsky AJ, Porter RM. A rabbit model demonstrates the influence of cartilage thickness on intra-articular drug delivery and retention within cartilage. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:660-7. [PMID: 25627105 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For evaluation of new approaches to drug delivery into cartilage, the choice of an animal model is critically important. Since cartilage thickness varies with animal size, different levels of drug uptake, transport and retention should be expected. Simple intra-articular injection can require very high drug doses to achieve a concentration gradient high enough for drug diffusion into cartilage. New approaches involve nanoparticle delivery of functionalized drugs directly into cartilage; however, diffusion-binding kinetics proceeds as the square of cartilage thickness. In this study, we demonstrate the necessity of using larger animals for sustained intra-cartilage delivery and retention, exemplified by intra-articular injection of Avidin (drug-carrier) into rabbits and compared to rats in vivo. Penetration and retention of Avidin within cartilage is greatly enhanced by electrostatic interactions. Medial tibial cartilage was the thickest of rabbit cartilages, which generated the longest intra-cartilage half-life of Avidin (τ1/2 = 154 h). In contrast, Avidin half-life in thinner rat cartilage was 5-6 times shorter (τ1/2 ∼ 29 h). While a weak correlation (R(2) = 0.43) was found between Avidin half-lives and rabbit tissue GAG concentrations, this correlation improved dramatically (R(2) = 0.96) when normalized to the square of cartilage thickness, consistent with the importance of cartilage thickness to evaluation of drug delivery and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika G Bajpayee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139; Center for Biomedical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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83
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Lam J, Lu S, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Strategies for controlled delivery of biologics for cartilage repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:123-34. [PMID: 24993610 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of biologics is an important component in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the functional restoration of articular cartilage. Numerous factors have been implicated in the cartilage repair process, but the uncontrolled delivery of these factors may not only reduce their full reparative potential but can also cause unwanted morphological effects. It is therefore imperative to consider the type of biologic to be delivered, the method of delivery, and the temporal as well as spatial presentation of the biologic to achieve the desired effect in cartilage repair. Additionally, the delivery of a single factor may not be sufficient in guiding neo-tissue formation, motivating recent research toward the delivery of multiple factors. This review will discuss the roles of various biologics involved in cartilage repair and the different methods of delivery for appropriate healing responses. A number of spatiotemporal strategies will then be emphasized for the controlled delivery of single and multiple bioactive factors in both in vitro and in vivo cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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84
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Abstract
Nano- and microparticles loaded with various bioimaging contrast agents or therapeutic molecules have been increasingly used for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and tissue defects. These particles, often a filled or hollow sphere, can extend the lifetime of encapsulated biomedical modalities in circulation and in target tissue. However, there is a great need to improve the drug loading and targeting efficiency of these particles. Recently, several simulation and in vitro experimental studies reported that particle shape plays a pivotal role in the targeted delivery of molecules. To better understand these findings and subsequently expedite the use of particles in biomedical applications, this review paper summarizes the methods to prepare non-spherical nano- and micro-scaled particles. In addition, this review covers studies reporting the effects of particle shape on the loading, delivery and release of encapsulated bioactive cargos. Finally, it discusses future directions to further improve the properties of non-spherical particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana IL, 61801, USA
| | - Nicholas Clay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana IL, 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
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85
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Pasi S, Kant R, Gupta S, Surolia A. Novel multimeric IL-1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Biomaterials 2014; 42:121-33. [PMID: 25542800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics targeting inflammatory mediators have shown great promise for the treatment of autoimmunities such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a significant challenge in this area has been their low in vivo stability and consequently their severely compromised therapeutic efficacy. One such therapeutic molecule IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has displayed only modest efficacy in human clinical trials owing to its short biological half-life. Herein, we report a novel approach to conglomerate individual protein entities into a drug depot by incorporation of an amyloidogenic motif Lys-Phe-Phe-Glu (KFFE) thereby dramatically improving their systemic persistence and in turn their therapeutic efficacy in a mice model of autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Pasi
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India; Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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86
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Zhao R, Peng X, Li Q, Song W. Effects of phosphorylatable short peptide-conjugated chitosan-mediated IL-1Ra and igf-1 gene transfer on articular cartilage defects in rabbits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112284. [PMID: 25390659 PMCID: PMC4229204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported an improvement in the transfection efficiency of the plasmid DNA-chitosan (pDNA/CS) complex by the utilization of phosphorylatable short peptide-conjugated chitosan (pSP-CS). In this study, we investigated the effects of pSP-CS-mediated gene transfection of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) combined with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in rabbit chondrocytes and in a rabbit model of cartilage defects. pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra+igf-1, pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra and pBudCE4.1-igf-1 were constructed and combined with pSP-CS to form pDNA/pSP-CS complexes. These complexes were transfected into rabbit primary chondrocytes or injected into the joint cavity. Seven weeks after treatment, all rabbits were sacrificed and analyzed. High levels of IL-1Ra and igf-1 expression were detected both in the cell culture supernatant and in the synovial fluid. In vitro, the transgenic complexes caused significant proliferation of chondrocytes, promotion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen II synthesis, and inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In vivo, the exogenous genes resulted in increased collagen II synthesis and reduced NO and GAG concentrations in the synovial fluid; histological studies revealed that pDNA/pSP-CS treatment resulted in varying degrees of hyaline-like cartilage repair and Mankin score decrease. The co-expression of both genes produced greater effects than each single gene alone both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that pSP-CS is a good candidate for use in gene therapy for the treatment of cartilage defects and that igf-1 and IL-1Ra co-expression produces promising biologic effects on cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglan Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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87
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Singh A, Agarwal R, Diaz-Ruiz CA, Willett NJ, Wang P, Lee LA, Wang Q, Guldberg RE, García AJ. Nanoengineered particles for enhanced intra-articular retention and delivery of proteins. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1562-7, 1525. [PMID: 24687997 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Localized intra-articular delivery of anti-inflammatory proteins can reduce inflammation in osteoarthritis but poses a challenge because of raid clearance within few hours of injection. A new class of polymer is developed that forms self-assembled nanoparticles ranging from 300 to 900 nm and demonstrates particle size dependent prolonged retention in intra-articular joint spaces compared to bolus protein over a period of 14 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Carlos A. Diaz-Ruiz
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Nick J. Willett
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of South Carolina; Columbia SC 29205 USA
| | - L. Andrew Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of South Carolina; Columbia SC 29205 USA
- A&Q NanoDesigns, LLC; Columbia SC29201 USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of South Carolina; Columbia SC 29205 USA
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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88
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Singh A, Peppas NA. Hydrogels and scaffolds for immunomodulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6530-41. [PMID: 25155610 PMCID: PMC4269549 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, immunologists and biomaterials scientists have co-existed in parallel world with the rationale of understanding the molecular profile of immune responses to vaccination, implantation, and treating incurable diseases. Much of the field of biomaterial-based immunotherapy has relied on evaluating model antigens such as chicken egg ovalbumin in mouse models but their relevance to humans has been point of much discussion. Nevertheless, such model antigens have provided important insights into the mechanisms of immune regulation and served as a proof-of-concept for plethora of biomaterial-based vaccines. After years of extensive development of numerous biomaterials for immunomodulation, it is only recently that an experimental scaffold vaccine implanted beneath the skin has begun to use the human model to study the immune responses to cancer vaccination by co-delivering patient-derived tumor lysates and immunomodulatory proteins. If successful, this scaffold vaccine will change the way we approached untreatable cancers, but more importantly, will allow a faster and more rational translation of therapeutic regimes to other cancers, chronic infections, and autoimmune diseases. Most materials reviews have focused on immunomodulatory adjuvants and micro-nano-particles. Here we provide an insight into emerging hydrogel and scaffold based immunomodulatory approaches that continue to demonstrate efficacy against immune associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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89
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Schweizer D, Serno T, Goepferich A. Controlled release of therapeutic antibody formats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:291-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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90
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Kang ML, Ko JY, Kim JE, Im GI. Intra-articular delivery of kartogenin-conjugated chitosan nano/microparticles for cartilage regeneration. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9984-9994. [PMID: 25241157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed an intra-articular (IA) drug delivery system to treat osteoarthritis (OA) that consisted of kartogenin conjugated chitosan (CHI-KGN). Kartogenin, which promotes the selective differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes, was conjugated with low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWCS) and medium-molecular-weight chitosan (MMWCS) by covalent coupling of kartogenin to each chitosan using an ethyl(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) catalyst. Nanoparticles (NPs, 150 ± 39 nm) or microparticles (MPs, 1.8 ± 0.54 μm) were fabricated from kartogenin conjugated-LMWCS and -MMWCS, respectively, by an ionic gelation using tripolyphosphate (TPP). The in vitro release profiles of kartogenin from the particles showed sustained release for 7 weeks. When the effects of the CHI-KGN NPs or CHI-KGN MPs were evaluated on the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMMSCs), the CHI-KGN NPs and CHI-KGN MPs induced higher expression of chondrogenic markers from cultured hBMMSCs than unconjugated kartogenin. In particular, hBMMSCs treated with CHI-KGN NPs exhibited more distinct chondrogenic properties in the long-term pellet cultures than those treated with CHI-KGN MPs. The in vivo therapeutic effects of CHI-KGN NPs or CHI-KGN MPs were investigated using a surgically-induced OA model in rats. The CHI-KGN MPs showed longer retention time in the knee joint than the CHI-KGN NPs after IA injection in OA rats. The rats treated with CHI-KGN NPs or CHI-KGN MPs by IA injection showed much less degenerative changes than untreated control or rats treated with unconjugated kartogenin. In conclusion, CHI-KGN NPs or CHI-KGN MPs can be useful polymer-drug conjugates as an IA drug delivery system to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Lan Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Ko
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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91
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Ilinskaya AN, Dobrovolskaia MA. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of engineered nanomaterials. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3988-4000. [PMID: 24724793 PMCID: PMC4243973 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle interactions with various components of the immune system are determined by their physicochemical properties such as size, charge, hydrophobicity and shape. Nanoparticles can be engineered to either specifically target the immune system or to avoid immune recognition. Nevertheless, identifying their unintended impacts on the immune system and understanding the mechanisms of such accidental effects are essential for establishing a nanoparticle's safety profile. While immunostimulatory properties have been reviewed before, little attention in the literature has been given to immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this review is to fill this gap. We will discuss intended immunosuppression achieved by either nanoparticle engineering, or the use of nanoparticles to carry immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory drugs. We will also review unintended immunosuppressive properties of nanoparticles per se and consider how such properties could be either beneficial or adverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ilinskaya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederick, MD, USA
| | - M A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederick, MD, USA
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92
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Loffredo FS, Pancoast JR, Cai L, Vannelli T, Dong JZ, Lee RT, Patwari P. Targeted delivery to cartilage is critical for in vivo efficacy of insulin-like growth factor 1 in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1247-55. [PMID: 24470361 DOI: 10.1002/art.38357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute articular injuries lead to an increased risk of progressive joint damage and osteoarthritis (OA), and no therapies are currently available to repair or protect the injured joint tissue. Intraarticular delivery of therapeutic proteins has been limited by their rapid clearance from the joint space and lack of retention within cartilage. The aim of this study was to test whether targeted delivery to cartilage by fusion with a heparin-binding domain would be sufficient to prolong the in vivo function of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). METHODS We produced a humanized and optimized recombinant HB-IGF-1 fusion protein. By injecting HB-IGF-1, IGF-1, or saline alone into the knee joints of adult Lewis rats, we tested whether fusion with a heparin-binding domain 1) altered the kinetics of retention in joint tissues, 2) prolonged functional stimulation as measured by radiolabel incorporation, and 3) enhanced efficacy in a rat model of surgically induced OA, using weekly injections. RESULTS Fusion of heparin-binding domain with IGF-1 prolonged retention in articular and meniscal cartilage from <1 day to 8 days after injection. Unmodified IGF-1 had no functional effect 2 days after injection, whereas HB-IGF-1 stimulated meniscal cartilage at least 4 days after injection. HB-IGF-1, but not IGF-1, significantly slowed cartilage damage in a rat model of OA. CONCLUSION Heparin-binding domain fusions can transform rapidly cleared proteins into potential intraarticular therapies by targeting them to cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco S Loffredo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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93
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Zhu S, Segura T. HYDROGEL-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES OF THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS FOR TISSUE REPAIR. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2014; 4:128-136. [PMID: 24778979 PMCID: PMC4000039 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design artificial extracellular matrices as cell instructive scaffolds has opened the door to technologies capable of studying cell fates in vitro and to guide tissue repair in vivo. One main component of the design of artificial extracellular matrices is the incorporation of protein-based biochemical cues to guide cell phenotypes and multicellular organizations. However, promoting the long-term bioactivity, controlling the bioavailability and understanding how the physical presentations of these proteins impacts cellular fates are among the challenges of the field. Nanotechnolgy has advanced to meet the challenges of protein therapeutics. For example, the approaches to incorporating proteins into tissue repairing scaffolds have ranged from bulk encapsulations to smart nanodepots that protect proteins from degradations and allow opportunities for controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Zhu
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5532-C Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5532-C Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Glass KA, Link JM, Brunger JM, Moutos FT, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Tissue-engineered cartilage with inducible and tunable immunomodulatory properties. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5921-31. [PMID: 24767790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is mediated in part by inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), which promote degradation of articular cartilage and prevent human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. In this study, we combined gene therapy and functional tissue engineering to develop engineered cartilage with immunomodulatory properties that allow chondrogenesis in the presence of pathologic levels of IL-1 by inducing overexpression of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in MSCs via scaffold-mediated lentiviral gene delivery. A doxycycline-inducible vector was used to transduce MSCs in monolayer or within 3D woven PCL scaffolds to enable tunable IL-1Ra production. In the presence of IL-1, IL-1Ra-expressing engineered cartilage produced cartilage-specific extracellular matrix, while resisting IL-1-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and maintaining mechanical properties similar to native articular cartilage. The ability of functional engineered cartilage to deliver tunable anti-inflammatory cytokines to the joint may enhance the long-term success of therapies for cartilage injuries or osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Glass
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jarrett M Link
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Franklin T Moutos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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95
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d'Arcy R, Tirelli N. Fishing for fire: strategies for biological targeting and criteria for material design in anti-inflammatory therapies. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard d'Arcy
- School of Medicine/Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- School of Medicine/Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
- School of Materials; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
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96
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Purwada A, Roy K, Singh A. Engineering vaccines and niches for immune modulation. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1728-40. [PMID: 24373907 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Controlled modulation of immune response, especially the balance between immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive responses, is critical for a variety of clinical applications, including immunotherapies against cancer and infectious diseases, treatment of autoimmune disorders, transplant surgeries, regenerative medicine, prosthetic implants, etc. Our ability to precisely modify both innate and adaptive immune responses could provide new therapeutic directions in a variety of diseases. In the context of vaccines and immunotherapies, the interplay between antigen-presenting cells (e.g. dendritic cells and macrophages), B cells, T helper and killer subtypes, and regulatory T- and B-cell responses is critical for generating effective immunity against cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, immunoengineering has emerged as a new field that uses quantitative engineering tools to understand molecular-, cellular- and system-level interactions of the immune system and to develop design-driven approaches to control and modulate immune responses. Biomaterials are an integral part of this engineering toolbox and can exploit the intrinsic biological and mechanical cues of the immune system to directly modulate and train immune cells and direct their response to a particular phenotype. A large body of literature exists on strategies to evade or suppress the immune response in implants, transplantation and regenerative medicine. This review specifically focuses on the use of biomaterials for immunostimulation and controlled modulation, especially in the context of vaccines and immunotherapies against cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. Bioengineering smart systems that can simultaneously deliver multiple bioactive agents in a controlled manner or can work as a niche for in situ priming and modulation of the immune system could significantly enhance the efficacy of next-generation immunotherapeutics. In this review, we describe our perspective on the important design aspects for the development of biomaterials that can actively modulate immune responses by stimulating receptor complexes and cells, and delivering multiple immunomodulatory biomolecules.
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97
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Patel RG, Singh A. Miniature medicine: nanobiomaterials for therapeutic delivery and cell engineering applications. IEEE Pulse 2014; 5:40-3. [PMID: 24625590 DOI: 10.1109/mpul.2013.2296801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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98
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Kang ML, Im GI. Drug delivery systems for intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 11:269-82. [PMID: 24308404 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.867325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intra-articular (IA) drug delivery is very useful in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic joint affliction. However, the therapeutic effect of IA administration depends mostly on the efficacy of drug delivery. AREAS COVERED The present article reviews the current status of IA therapy for OA treatment as well as its rationale. Outlines of drug delivery parameters such as release profile, retention time, distribution, size and transport that influence the drug's biological performance in the joints are summarized. New delivery systems, currently under investigation, including liposome, nanoparticle, microparticle and hydrogel formulations are introduced. Functionalized drug delivery systems by targeting and thermoresponsiveness that are being investigated for OA treatment via IA therapy are also addressed. EXPERT OPINION Several delivery systems, including liposome, microparticles, nanoparticles and hydrogels, have been investigated for the sustained drug delivery to the joints. These can be advanced by the use of functionalized drug delivery systems that can lead targeting to specific regions and thermoresponsiveness for prolonged drug release in the joints. Further advances will bring forth new biocompatible and biodegradable materials as a drug carrier or new combination regimens. Future innovations in this field should be directed toward the development of adapted delivery systems that can induce tissue regeneration in OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Lan Kang
- Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Department of Orthopedics , Goyang 410-773 , Korea +82 31 961 7315 ; +82 31 961 7314 ;
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99
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Burdick JA, Mauck RL, Gorman JH, Gorman RC. Acellular biomaterials: an evolving alternative to cell-based therapies. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:176ps4. [PMID: 23486777 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acellular biomaterials can stimulate the local environment to repair tissues without the regulatory and scientific challenges of cell-based therapies. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of such endogenous tissue repair is furthering the design and application of these biomaterials. We discuss recent progress in acellular materials for tissue repair, using cartilage and cardiac tissues as examples of applications with substantial intrinsic hurdles, but where human translation is now occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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100
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Gu W, Wu C, Chen J, Xiao Y. Nanotechnology in the targeted drug delivery for bone diseases and bone regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2305-17. [PMID: 23836972 PMCID: PMC3699134 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s44393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a vigorous research area and one of its important applications is in biomedical sciences. Among biomedical applications, targeted drug delivery is one of the most extensively studied subjects. Nanostructured particles and scaffolds have been widely studied for increasing treatment efficacy and specificity of present treatment approaches. Similarly, this technique has been used for treating bone diseases including bone regeneration. In this review, we have summarized and highlighted the recent advancement of nanostructured particles and scaffolds for the treatment of cancer bone metastasis, osteosarcoma, bone infections and inflammatory diseases, osteoarthritis, as well as for bone regeneration. Nanoparticles used to deliver deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid molecules to specific bone sites for gene therapies are also included. The investigation of the implications of nanoparticles in bone diseases have just begun, and has already shown some promising potential. Further studies have to be conducted, aimed specifically at assessing targeted delivery and bioactive scaffolds to further improve their efficacy before they can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Gu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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