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Ross CL, Siriwardane M, Almeida-Porada G, Porada CD, Brink P, Christ GJ, Harrison BS. The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field on human bone marrow stem/progenitor cell differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:96-108. [PMID: 26042793 PMCID: PMC4516580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) are a population of progenitor cells that contain a subset of skeletal stem cells (hSSCs), able to recreate cartilage, bone, stroma that supports hematopoiesis and marrow adipocytes. As such, they have become an important resource in developing strategies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. The differentiation of SSCs/BMSCs is dependent on exposure to biophysical and biochemical stimuli that favor early and rapid activation of the in vivo tissue repair process. Exposure to exogenous stimuli such as an electromagnetic field (EMF) can promote differentiation of SSCs/BMSCs via ion dynamics and small signaling molecules. The plasma membrane is often considered to be the main target for EMF signals and most results point to an effect on the rate of ion or ligand binding due to a receptor site acting as a modulator of signaling cascades. Ion fluxes are closely involved in differentiation control as stem cells move and grow in specific directions to form tissues and organs. EMF affects numerous biological functions such as gene expression, cell fate, and cell differentiation, but will only induce these effects within a certain range of low frequencies as well as low amplitudes. EMF has been reported to be effective in the enhancement of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of hSSCs/BMSCs with no documented negative effects. Studies show specific EMF frequencies enhance hSSC/BMSC adherence, proliferation, differentiation, and viability, all of which play a key role in the use of hSSCs/BMSCs for tissue engineering. While many EMF studies report significant enhancement of the differentiation process, results differ depending on the experimental and environmental conditions. Here we review how specific EMF parameters (frequency, intensity, and time of exposure) significantly regulate hSSC/BMSC differentiation in vitro. We discuss optimal conditions and parameters for effective hSSC/BMSC differentiation using EMF treatment in an in vivo setting, and how these can be translated to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, USA; Wake Forest Center for Integrative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Peter Brink
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Pai VP, Lemire JM, Paré JF, Lin G, Chen Y, Levin M. Endogenous gradients of resting potential instructively pattern embryonic neural tissue via Notch signaling and regulation of proliferation. J Neurosci 2015; 35:4366-85. [PMID: 25762681 PMCID: PMC4355204 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1877-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical forces play important roles throughout embryogenesis, but the roles of spatial differences in cellular resting potentials during large-scale brain morphogenesis remain unknown. Here, we implicate endogenous bioelectricity as an instructive factor during brain patterning in Xenopus laevis. Early frog embryos exhibit a characteristic hyperpolarization of cells lining the neural tube; disruption of this spatial gradient of the transmembrane potential (Vmem) diminishes or eliminates the expression of early brain markers, and causes anatomical mispatterning of the brain, including absent or malformed regions. This effect is mediated by voltage-gated calcium signaling and gap-junctional communication. In addition to cell-autonomous effects, we show that hyperpolarization of transmembrane potential (Vmem) in ventral cells outside the brain induces upregulation of neural cell proliferation at long range. Misexpression of the constitutively active form of Notch, a suppressor of neural induction, impairs the normal hyperpolarization pattern and neural patterning; forced hyperpolarization by misexpression of specific ion channels rescues brain defects induced by activated Notch signaling. Strikingly, hyperpolarizing posterior or ventral cells induces the production of ectopic neural tissue considerably outside the neural field. The hyperpolarization signal also synergizes with canonical reprogramming factors (POU and HB4), directing undifferentiated cells toward neural fate in vivo. These data identify a new functional role for bioelectric signaling in brain patterning, reveal interactions between Vmem and key biochemical pathways (Notch and Ca(2+) signaling) as the molecular mechanism by which spatial differences of Vmem regulate organogenesis of the vertebrate brain, and suggest voltage modulation as a tractable strategy for intervention in certain classes of birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav P Pai
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-4243 and
| | - Joan M Lemire
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-4243 and
| | - Jean-François Paré
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-4243 and
| | - Gufa Lin
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Ying Chen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-4243 and
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Blackiston DJ, Anderson GM, Rahman N, Bieck C, Levin M. A novel method for inducing nerve growth via modulation of host resting potential: gap junction-mediated and serotonergic signaling mechanisms. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:170-84. [PMID: 25449797 PMCID: PMC4322068 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-014-0317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of regenerative medicine is to restore the function of damaged or missing organs through the implantation of bioengineered or donor-derived components. It is necessary to understand the signals and cues necessary for implanted structures to innervate the host, as organs devoid of neural connections provide little benefit to the patient. While developmental studies have identified neuronal pathfinding molecules required for proper patterning during embryogenesis, strategies to initiate innervation in structures transplanted at later times or alternate locations remain limited. Recent work has identified membrane resting potential of nerves as a key regulator of growth cone extension or arrest. Here, we identify a novel role of bioelectricity in the generation of axon guidance cues, showing that neurons read the electric topography of surrounding cells, and demonstrate these cues can be leveraged to initiate sensory organ transplant innervation. Grafts of fluorescently labeled embryological eye primordia were used to produce ectopic eyes in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Depolarization of host tissues through anion channel activation or other means led to a striking hyperinnervation of the body by these ectopic eyes. A screen of possible transduction mechanisms identified serotonergic signaling to be essential for hyperinnervation to occur, and our molecular data suggest a possible model of bioelectrical control of the distribution of neurotransmitters that guides nerve growth. Together, these results identify the molecular components of bioelectrical signaling among cells that regulates axon guidance, and suggest novel biomedical and bioengineering strategies for triggering neuronal outgrowth using ion channel drugs already approved for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Blackiston
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - George M. Anderson
- Yale Child Study Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Nikita Rahman
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Clara Bieck
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155 USA
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PAI VAIBHAVP, LEMIRE JOANM, CHEN YING, LIN GUFA, LEVIN MICHAEL. Local and long-range endogenous resting potential gradients antagonistically regulate apoptosis and proliferation in the embryonic CNS. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 59:327-40. [PMID: 26198142 PMCID: PMC10505512 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.150197ml] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectric signals, particularly transmembrane voltage potentials (Vmem), play an important role in large-scale patterning during embryonic development. Endogenous bioelectric gradients across tissues function as instructive factors during eye, brain, and other morphogenetic processes. An important and still poorly-understood aspect is the control of cell behaviors by the voltage states of distant cell groups. Here, experimental alteration of endogenous Vmem was induced in Xenopus laevis embryos by misexpression of well-characterized ion channel mRNAs, a strategy often used to identify functional roles of Vmem gradients during embryonic development and regeneration. Immunofluorescence analysis (for activated caspase 3 and phosphor-histone H3P) on embryonic sections was used to characterize apoptosis and proliferation. Disrupting local bioelectric signals (within the developing neural tube region) increased caspase 3 and decreased H3P in the brain, resulting in brain mispatterning. Disrupting remote (ventral, non-neural region) bioelectric signals decreased caspase 3 and highly increased H3P within the brain, with normal brain patterning. Disrupting both the local and distant bioelectric signals produced antagonistic effects on caspase 3 and H3P. Thus, two components of bioelectric signals regulate apoptosis-proliferation balance within the developing brain and spinal cord: local (developing neural tube region) and distant (ventral non-neural region). Together, the local and long-range bioelectric signals create a binary control system capable of fine-tuning apoptosis and proliferation with the brain and spinal cord to achieve correct pattern and size control. Our data suggest a roadmap for utilizing bioelectric state as a diagnostic modality and convenient intervention parameter for birth defects and degenerative disease states of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- VAIBHAV P. PAI
- Biology Department, and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - JOAN M. LEMIRE
- Biology Department, and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - YING CHEN
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - GUFA LIN
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - MICHAEL LEVIN
- Biology Department, and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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55
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Frieden BR, Gatenby RA. Cancer Suppression by Compression. Bull Math Biol 2014; 77:71-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-014-0051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Smith E, Kanczler J, Gothard D, Roberts C, Wells J, White L, Qutachi O, Sawkins M, Peto H, Rashidi H, Rojo L, Stevens M, El Haj A, Rose F, Shakesheff K, Oreffo R. Evaluation of skeletal tissue repair, part 1: assessment of novel growth-factor-releasing hydrogels in an ex vivo chick femur defect model. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4186-96. [PMID: 24937137 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical treatments for skeletal conditions resulting in large-scale bone loss include autograft or allograft, both of which have limited effectiveness. In seeking to address bone regeneration, several tissue engineering strategies have come to the fore, including the development of growth factor releasing technologies and appropriate animal models to evaluate repair. Ex vivo models represent a promising alternative to simple in vitro systems or complex, ethically challenging in vivo models. We have developed an ex vivo culture system of whole embryonic chick femora, adapted in this study as a critical size defect model to investigate the effects of novel bone extracellular matrix (bECM) hydrogel scaffolds containing spatio-temporal growth factor-releasing microparticles and skeletal stem cells on bone regeneration, to develop a viable alternative treatment for skeletal degeneration. Alginate/bECM hydrogels combined with poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PDLLGA)/triblock copolymer (10-30% PDLLGA-PEG-PDLLGA) microparticles releasing VEGF, TGF-β3 or BMP-2 were placed, with human adult Stro-1+ bone marrow stromal cells, into 2mm central segmental defects in embryonic chick femurs. Alginate/bECM hydrogels loaded with HSA/VEGF or HSA/TGF-β3 demonstrated a cartilage-like phenotype, with minimal collagen I deposition, comparable to HSA-only control hydrogels. The addition of BMP-2 releasing microparticles resulted in enhanced structured bone matrix formation, evidenced by increased Sirius red-stained matrix and collagen expression within hydrogels. This study demonstrates delivery of bioactive growth factors from a novel alginate/bECM hydrogel to augment skeletal tissue formation and the use of an organotypic chick femur defect culture system as a high-throughput test model for scaffold/cell/growth factor therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Mustard J, Levin M. Bioelectrical Mechanisms for Programming Growth and Form: Taming Physiological Networks for Soft Body Robotics. Soft Robot 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2014.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mustard
- Department of Biology and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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58
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Cui H, Wang Y, Cui L, Zhang P, Wang X, Wei Y, Chen X. In Vitro Studies on Regulation of Osteogenic Activities by Electrical Stimulus on Biodegradable Electroactive Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3146-57. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5007695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liguo Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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59
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Samal SK, Dash M, Declercq HA, Gheysens T, Dendooven J, Van Der Voort P, Cornelissen R, Dubruel P, Kaplan DL. Enzymatic mineralization of silk scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:991-1003. [PMID: 24610728 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mediated formation of apatitic minerals on porous silk fibroin protein (SFP) scaffolds. Porous SFP scaffolds impregnated with different concentrations of ALP are homogeneously mineralized under physiological conditions. The mineral structure is apatite while the structures differ as a function of the ALP concentration. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, and colonization of osteogenic MC3T3 cells improve on the mineralized SFP scaffolds. These findings suggest a simple process to generate mineralized scaffolds that can be used to enhanced bone tissue engineering-related utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram K Samal
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S4-Bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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60
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Cui H, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Chen X, Wei Y. In Vitro Study of Electroactive Tetraaniline-Containing Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1115-23. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4018963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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61
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Liu S, Chen X, Zhang Q, Wu W, Xin J, Li J. Multifunctional hydrogels based on β-cyclodextrin with both biomineralization and anti-inflammatory properties. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:869-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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62
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Yu C, Hu ZQ, Peng RY. Effects and mechanisms of a microcurrent dressing on skin wound healing: a review. Mil Med Res 2014; 1:24. [PMID: 26000170 PMCID: PMC4440595 DOI: 10.1186/2054-9369-1-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of wound types has resulted in a wide range of wound dressings, with new products frequently being introduced to target different aspects of the wound healing process. The ideal wound dressing should achieve rapid healing at a reasonable cost, with minimal inconvenience to the patient. Microcurrent dressing, a novel wound dressing with inherent electric activity, can generate low-level microcurrents at the device-wound contact surface in the presence of moisture and can provide an advanced wound healing solution for managing wounds. This article offers a review of the effects and mechanisms of the microcurrent dressing on the healing of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Zong-Qian Hu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
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