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Zhu H, Luo H, Chang R, Yang Y, Liu D, Ji Y, Qin H, Rong H, Yin J. Protein-based delivery systems for RNA delivery. J Control Release 2023; 363:253-274. [PMID: 37741460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have emerged as promising approaches to modulate gene expression and generate therapeutic proteins or antigens capable of inducing immune responses to treat a variety of diseases, such as infectious diseases, cancers, immunologic disorders, and genetic disorders. However, the efficient delivery of RNA molecules into cells poses significant challenges due to their large molecular weight, negative charge, and susceptibility to degradation by RNase enzymes. To overcome these obstacles, viral and non-viral vectors have been developed, including lipid nanoparticles, viral vectors, proteins, dendritic macromolecules, among others. Among these carriers, protein-based delivery systems have garnered considerable attention due to their potential to address specific issues associated with nanoparticle-based systems, such as liver accumulation and immunogenicity. This review provides an overview of currently marketed RNA drugs, underscores the significance of RNA delivery vector development, delineates the essential characteristics of an ideal RNA delivery vector, and introduces existing protein carriers for RNA delivery. By offering valuable insights, this review aims to serve as a reference for the future development of protein-based delivery vectors for RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruilong Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dingkang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, No. 206, Sixian Street, Baiyun District, Guiyang City 550014, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Haibo Rong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Youssef M, Hitti C, Puppin Chaves Fulber J, Kamen AA. Enabling mRNA Therapeutics: Current Landscape and Challenges in Manufacturing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1497. [PMID: 37892179 PMCID: PMC10604719 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances and discoveries in the structure and role of mRNA as well as novel lipid-based delivery modalities have enabled the advancement of mRNA therapeutics into the clinical trial space. The manufacturing of these products is relatively simple and eliminates many of the challenges associated with cell culture production of viral delivery systems for gene and cell therapy applications, allowing rapid production of mRNA for personalized treatments, cancer therapies, protein replacement and gene editing. The success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the immense potential of this technology as a vaccination platform, but there are still particular challenges to establish mRNA as a widespread therapeutic tool. Immunostimulatory byproducts can pose a barrier for chronic treatments and different production scales may need to be considered for these applications. Moreover, long-term storage of mRNA products is notoriously difficult. This review provides a detailed overview of the manufacturing steps for mRNA therapeutics, including sequence design, DNA template preparation, mRNA production and formulation, while identifying the challenges remaining in the dose requirements, long-term storage and immunotolerance of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amine A. Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (J.P.C.F.)
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Wang YS, Kumari M, Chen GH, Hong MH, Yuan JPY, Tsai JL, Wu HC. mRNA-based vaccines and therapeutics: an in-depth survey of current and upcoming clinical applications. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:84. [PMID: 37805495 PMCID: PMC10559634 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based drugs have tremendous potential as clinical treatments, however, a major challenge in realizing this drug class will promise to develop methods for safely delivering the bioactive agents with high efficiency and without activating the immune system. With regard to mRNA vaccines, researchers have modified the mRNA structure to enhance its stability and promote systemic tolerance of antigenic presentation in non-inflammatory contexts. Still, delivery of naked modified mRNAs is inefficient and results in low levels of antigen protein production. As such, lipid nanoparticles have been utilized to improve delivery and protect the mRNA cargo from extracellular degradation. This advance was a major milestone in the development of mRNA vaccines and dispelled skepticism about the potential of this technology to yield clinically approved medicines. Following the resounding success of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, many other mRNA-based drugs have been proposed for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This review begins with a discussion of mRNA modifications and delivery vehicles, as well as the factors that influence administration routes. Then, we summarize the potential applications of mRNA-based drugs and discuss further key points pertaining to preclinical and clinical development of mRNA drugs targeting a wide range of diseases. Finally, we discuss the latest market trends and future applications of mRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiuan Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Monika Kumari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hong Chen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan.
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Kenderdine T, McIntyre W, Yassaghi G, Rollo D, Bunkowski A, Goerlach L, Suckau D, Tremintin G, Greig M, Bell C, Fabris D. Integrating Internal Fragments in the Interpretation of Top-Down Sequencing Data of Larger Oligonucleotides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2296-2307. [PMID: 37729585 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In the context of direct top-down analysis or concerted bottom-up characterization of nucleic acid samples, the waning yield of terminal fragments as a function of precursor ion size poses a significant challenge to the gas-phase sequencing of progressively larger oligonucleotides. In this report, we examined the behavior of oligoribonucleotide samples ranging from 20 to 364 nt upon collision-induced dissociation (CID). The experimental data showed a progressive shift from terminal to internal fragments as a function of size. The systematic evaluation of experimental factors, such as collision energy, precursor charge, sample temperature, and the presence of chaotropic agents, showed that this trend could be modestly alleviated but not suppressed. This inexorable effect, which has been reported also for other activation techniques, prompted a re-examination of the features that have traditionally discouraged the utilization of internal fragments as a source of sequence information in data interpretation procedures. Our simulations highlighted the ability of internal fragments to produce self-consistent ladders with either end corresponding to each nucleotide in the sequence, which enables both proper alignment and correct recognition of intervening nucleotides. In turn, contiguous ladders display extensive overlaps with one another and with the ladders formed by terminal fragments, which unambiguously constrain their mutual placement within the analyte sequence. The experimental data borne out the predictions by showing ladders with extensive overlaps, which translated into uninterrupted "walks" covering the entire sequence with no gaps from end to end. More significantly, the results showed that combining the information afforded by internal and terminal ladders resulted in much a greater sequence coverage and nucleotide coverage depth than those achievable when either type of information was considered separately. The examination of a series of 58-mer oligonucleotides with high sequence homology showed that the assignment ambiguities engendered by internal fragments did not significantly exceed those afforded by the terminal ones. Therefore, the balance between potential benefits and perils of including the former makes a compelling argument for the development of integrated data interpretation strategies, which are better equipped for dealing with the changing fragmentation patterns obtained from progressively larger oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William McIntyre
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | | | - Daniele Rollo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | | | | | - Detlev Suckau
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Greig
- Bruker Scientific LLC, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | | | - Daniele Fabris
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Ribodynamics LLC, Manchester, Connecticut 06040, United States
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Abstract
RNA modification is manifested as chemically altered nucleotides, widely exists in diverse natural RNAs, and is closely related to RNA structure and function. Currently, mRNA-based vaccines have received great attention and rapid development as novel and mighty fighters against various diseases including cancer. The achievement of RNA vaccines in clinical application is largely attributed to some methodological innovations including the incorporation of modified nucleotides into the synthetic RNA. The selection of optimal RNA modifications aimed at reducing the instability and immunogenicity of RNA molecules is a very critical task to improve the efficacy and safety of mRNA vaccines. This review summarizes the functions of RNA modifications and their application in mRNA vaccines, highlights recent advances of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy, and provides perspectives for future development of mRNA vaccines in the context of personalized tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Mei
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang W, Jiang Y, He Y, Boucetta H, Wu J, Chen Z, He W. Lipid carriers for mRNA delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4105-4126. [PMID: 37799378 PMCID: PMC10547918 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the template for protein biosynthesis and is emerging as an essential active molecule to combat various diseases, including viral infection and cancer. Especially, mRNA-based vaccines, as a new type of vaccine, have played a leading role in fighting against the current global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the inherent drawbacks, including large size, negative charge, and instability, hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. Lipid carriers are distinguishable and promising vehicles for mRNA delivery, owning the capacity to encapsulate and deliver negatively charged drugs to the targeted tissues and release cargoes at the desired time. Here, we first summarized the structure and properties of different lipid carriers, such as liposomes, liposome-like nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, exosomes and lipoprotein particles, and their applications in delivering mRNA. Then, the development of lipid-based formulations as vaccine delivery systems was discussed and highlighted. Recent advancements in the mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 were emphasized. Finally, we described our future vision and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonglong He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Ma B, Yong H, Che D, Pan C, He W, Zhou D, Li M. Enhancing the Gene Transfection of Poly(β-amino ester)/DNA Polyplexes by Modular Manipulation of Amphiphilicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42130-42138. [PMID: 37642943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Poly(β-amino ester)s (PAEs) have been widely developed for gene delivery, and hydrophobic modification can further enhance their gene transfection efficiency. However, systematic manipulation of amphiphilicity of PAEs through copolymerization with hydrophobic monomers is time-consuming and, to some extent, uncontrollable. Here, a modular strategy is developed to manipulate the amphiphilicity of the PAE/DNA polyplexes. A hydrophobic polymer (DD-C12-122) and a hydrophilic polymer (DD-90-122) are synthesized separately and used as a hydrophobic module and a hydrophilic module, respectively. The amphiphilicity of polyplexes could be manipulated by changing the ratio of the hydrophobic module and hydrophilic module. Using the modular strategy, the PAE/DNA polyplexes with the highest gene transfection efficiency and safety profile as well as possible mechanisms are identified. The modular strategy provides a novel way to engineer the hydrophobicity of PAEs to improve their gene transfection and can be easily generalized and potentially extended to other polymeric gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haiyang Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Delu Che
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
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Ramirez F, Zambrano A, Hennis R, Holland N, Lakshmanaswamy R, Chacon J. Sending a Message: Use of mRNA Vaccines to Target the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1465. [PMID: 37766141 PMCID: PMC10534833 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While cancer immunotherapies have become central to treatment, challenges associated with the ability of tumors to evade the immune system remain significant obstacles. At the heart of this issue is the tumor immune microenvironment, the complex interplay of the tumor microenvironment and the immune response. Recent advances in mRNA cancer vaccines represent major progress towards overcoming some of the challenges posed by deleterious components of the tumor immune microenvironment. Indeed, major breakthroughs in mRNA vaccine technology, such as the use of replacement nucleotides and lipid nanoparticle delivery, led to the vital success of mRNA vaccine technology in fighting COVID-19. This has in turn generated massive additional interest and investment in the platform. In this review, we detail recent research in the nature of the tumor immune microenvironment and in mRNA cancer vaccines and discuss applications by which mRNA cancer vaccines, often in combination with various adjuvants, represent major areas of potential in overcoming tumor immune microenvironment-imposed obstacles. To this end, we also review current mRNA cancer vaccine clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ramirez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (F.R.); (A.Z.); (R.H.); (N.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Angelica Zambrano
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (F.R.); (A.Z.); (R.H.); (N.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Robert Hennis
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (F.R.); (A.Z.); (R.H.); (N.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Nathan Holland
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (F.R.); (A.Z.); (R.H.); (N.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (F.R.); (A.Z.); (R.H.); (N.H.); (R.L.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jessica Chacon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (F.R.); (A.Z.); (R.H.); (N.H.); (R.L.)
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Lyu M, Chen J, Peng Y, Han F, Gong L, Guo J, Tian L, Gao Y. The global patent landscape of mRNA for diagnosis and therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1193-1199. [PMID: 37699990 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Lyu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeheng Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Luyao Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfei Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijuan Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Lv Z, Huang M, Yang J, Li P, Chang L, Tang Q, Chen X, Wang S, Yao C, Liu P, Yang D. A Smart DNA-Based Nanosystem Containing Ribosome-Regulating siRNA for Enhanced mRNA Transfection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300823. [PMID: 37461803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) transfection is the prerequisite for the application of mRNA-based therapeutics. In hard-to-transfect cells, such as macrophages, the effective transfection of mRNA remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, a smart DNA-based nanosystem is reported containing ribosome biogenesis-promoting siRNA, realizing efficient mRNA transfection in macrophages. Four monomers are copolymerized to form a nanoframework (NF), including N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) as the skeleton and acrydite-DNA as the initiator to trigger the cascade assembly of DNA hairpins (H1-polyT and H2-siRNA). By virtue of the phase transition characteristic of polymeric NIPAM, below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST, ≈34 °C), the NF swells to expose polyT sequences to hybridize with the polyA tail of mRNA. Above the LCST, the NF deswells to encapsulate mRNA. The disulfide bond in the NF responds to glutathione, triggering the disassembly of the nanosystem; the siRNA and mRNA are released in response to triphosadenine and RNase H. The siRNA down-regulates the expression of heat shock protein 27, which up-regulates the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. The nanosystem shows satisfactory mRNA transfection and translation efficiency in a mouse model. It is envisioned that the DNA-based nanosystem will provide a promising carrier to deliver mRNA in hard-to-transfect cells and promote the development of mRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Lv
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Peiran Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lele Chang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Li C, Xiao Q, Zhang D, Chen Y, Rosenecker J, Ding X, Guan S. Recent Advances and Innovations in the Preparation and Purification of In Vitro-Transcribed-mRNA-Based Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2182. [PMID: 37765153 PMCID: PMC10536309 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a disruptive impact on public health and the global economy. Fortunately, the development of COVID-19 vaccines based on in vitro-transcribed messenger RNA (IVT mRNA) has been a breakthrough in medical history, benefiting billions of people with its high effectiveness, safety profile, and ease of large-scale production. This success is the result of decades of continuous RNA research, which has led to significant improvements in the stability and expression level of IVT mRNA through various approaches such as sequence optimization and improved preparation processes. IVT mRNA sequence optimization has been shown to have a positive effect on enhancing the mRNA expression level. The innovation of IVT mRNA purification technology is also indispensable, as the purity of IVT mRNA directly affects the success of downstream vaccine preparation processes and the potential for inducing unwanted side effects in therapeutic applications. Despite the progress made, challenges related to IVT mRNA sequence design and purification still require further attention to enhance the quality of IVT mRNA in the future. In this review, we discuss the latest innovative progress in IVT mRNA design and purification to further improve its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (Q.X.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (Q.X.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (Q.X.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qin Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (Q.X.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Dandan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (Q.X.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (Q.X.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Joseph Rosenecker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Shan Guan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (Q.X.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Ye Z, Harmon J, Ni W, Li Y, Wich D, Xu Q. The mRNA Vaccine Revolution: COVID-19 Has Launched the Future of Vaccinology. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15231-15253. [PMID: 37535899 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA (mRNA) vaccines emerged as leading vaccine candidates in a record time. Nonreplicating mRNA (NRM) and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) technologies have been developed into high-performing and clinically viable vaccines against a range of infectious agents, notably SARS-CoV-2. mRNA vaccines demonstrate efficient in vivo delivery, long-lasting stability, and nonexistent risk of infection. The stability and translational efficiency of in vitro transcription (IVT)-mRNA can be further increased by modulating its structural elements. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent advances, key applications, and future challenges in the field of mRNA-based vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfeng Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Joseph Harmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Douglas Wich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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63
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Mbatha LS, Akinyelu J, Maiyo F, Kudanga T. Future prospects in mRNA vaccine development. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:052006. [PMID: 37589309 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aceceb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancements in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine development have vastly enhanced their use as alternatives to conventional vaccines in the prevention of various infectious diseases and treatment of several types of cancers. This is mainly due to their remarkable ability to stimulate specific immune responses with minimal clinical side effects. This review gives a detailed overview of mRNA vaccines currently in use or at various stages of development, the recent advancements in mRNA vaccine development, and the challenges encountered in their development. Future perspectives on this technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Jude Akinyelu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria
| | - Fiona Maiyo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Kabarak University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tukayi Kudanga
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
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64
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Chung C, Kudchodkar SB, Chung CN, Park YK, Xu Z, Pardi N, Abdel-Mohsen M, Muthumani K. Expanding the Reach of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review of Synthetic Nucleic Acid Delivery in Immunotherapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:46. [PMID: 37489368 PMCID: PMC10366852 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to combat disease has revolutionized medical treatment. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), in particular, have emerged as important immunotherapeutic agents with clinical relevance in treating a wide range of diseases, including allergies, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases. These mAbs are developed from naturally occurring antibodies and target specific epitopes of single molecules, minimizing off-target effects. Antibodies can also be designed to target particular pathogens or modulate immune function by activating or suppressing certain pathways. Despite their benefit for patients, the production and administration of monoclonal antibody therapeutics are laborious, costly, and time-consuming. Administration often requires inpatient stays and repeated dosing to maintain therapeutic levels, limiting their use in underserved populations and developing countries. Researchers are developing alternate methods to deliver monoclonal antibodies, including synthetic nucleic acid-based delivery, to overcome these limitations. These methods allow for in vivo production of monoclonal antibodies, which would significantly reduce costs and simplify administration logistics. This review explores new methods for monoclonal antibody delivery, including synthetic nucleic acids, and their potential to increase the accessibility and utility of life-saving treatments for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Curtis N Chung
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 04500, Republic of Korea
| | - Young K Park
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 04500, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 04500, Republic of Korea
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65
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Kenderdine T, Fabris D. The multifaceted roles of mass spectrometric analysis in nucleic acids drug discovery and development. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1332-1357. [PMID: 34939674 PMCID: PMC9218015 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The deceptively simple concepts of mass determination and fragment analysis are the basis for the application of mass spectrometry (MS) to a boundless range of analytes, including fundamental components and polymeric forms of nucleic acids (NAs). This platform affords the intrinsic ability to observe first-hand the effects of NA-active drugs on the chemical structure, composition, and conformation of their targets, which might affect their ability to interact with cognate NAs, proteins, and other biomolecules present in a natural environment. The possibility of interfacing with high-performance separation techniques represents a multiplying factor that extends these capabilities to cover complex sample mixtures obtained from organisms that were exposed to NA-active drugs. This report provides a brief overview of these capabilities in the context of the analysis of the products of NA-drug activity and NA therapeutics. The selected examples offer proof-of-principle of the applicability of this platform to all phases of the journey undertaken by any successful NA drug from laboratory to bedside, and provide the rationale for its rapid expansion outside traditional laboratory settings in support to ever growing manufacturing operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Fabris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut
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66
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Huang Y, Zhu X, Guo X, Zhou Y, Liu D, Mao J, Xiong Y, Deng Y, Gao X. Advances in mRNA vaccines for viral diseases. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28924. [PMID: 37417396 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the onset of the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have demonstrated outstanding performance. mRNA vaccines offer significant advantages over conventional vaccines in production speed and cost-effectiveness, making them an attractive option against other viral diseases. This article reviewed recent advances in viral mRNA vaccines and their delivery systems to provide references and guidance for developing mRNA vaccines for new viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuerui Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingrui Mao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongai Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Department of Hematology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghong Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Provincial Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease & Bio-Safety, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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67
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Dong S, Zha W, Liu C, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Xing H, Li X. Bivalent mRNA vaccines against three SARS-CoV-2 variants mediated by new ionizable lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2023:123155. [PMID: 37402442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)-based mRNA vaccines have shown great potential in the fight against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. However, it remains still a challenge to improve the delivery efficiency of LNPs and the long-term stability of their mediated mRNA vaccines. Herein, a novel ionizable lipid 2-hexyldecyl 6-(ethyl(3-((2-hexyldecyl)oxy)-2-hydroxypropyl)amino)hexanoate (HEAH) derived LNPs were developed for delivering the receptor binding domain (RBD) mRNAs. In vitro cell assays confirmed that the ionizable lipid HEAH with one ether bond and one ester bond derived LNPs possessed higher mRNA delivery efficiency compared with the approved ALC-0315 with two ester bonds used in the BNT162b2 vaccine. Notably, the HEAH-derived LNPs powder lyophilized did not significantly change for 30 days after storage at 37 °C indicating good thermostability. After two RBD mRNAs of Delta and Omicron variants were encapsulated into the HEAH-derived LNPs, a bivalent mRNA vaccine was obtained as a nanoparticle formulation. Importantly, the bivalent mRNA vaccine not only resisted Delta and Omicron and also generated protective antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. The HEAH-mediated bivalent vaccine induced stronger humoral and cellular immunity than those of the ALC-0315 group. Taken together, the ionizable lipid HEAH-derived LNPs show outstanding potential in improving the delivery efficiency of mRNA and the stability of mRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Shuo Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Wenhui Zha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Yuhao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Hanlei Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China.
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68
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Liu C, Shi Q, Huang X, Koo S, Kong N, Tao W. mRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00586-2. [PMID: 37311817 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fact that mRNA technology allows the production of diverse vaccines and treatments in a shorter time frame and with reduced expense compared to conventional approaches, there has been a surge in the use of mRNA-based therapeutics in recent years. With the aim of encoding tumour antigens for cancer vaccines, cytokines for immunotherapy, tumour suppressors to inhibit tumour development, chimeric antigen receptors for engineered T cell therapy or genome-editing proteins for gene therapy, many of these therapeutics have shown promising efficacy in preclinical studies, and some have even entered clinical trials. Given the evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of clinically approved mRNA vaccines, coupled with growing interest in mRNA-based therapeutics, mRNA technology is poised to become one of the major pillars in cancer drug development. In this Review, we present in vitro transcribed mRNA-based therapeutics for cancer treatment, including the characteristics of the various types of synthetic mRNA, the packaging systems for efficient mRNA delivery, preclinical and clinical studies, current challenges and future prospects in the field. We anticipate the translation of promising mRNA-based treatments into clinical applications, to ultimately benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiangqiang Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangang Huang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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69
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Lin G, Zhang Y. Mutations in the non-structural protein coding region regulate gene expression from replicon RNAs derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Biotechnol Lett 2023:10.1007/s10529-023-03379-7. [PMID: 37266878 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-replicating RNA (repRNA) derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus is a promising platform for gene therapy and confers prolonged gene expression due to its self-replicating capability, but repRNA suffers from a suboptimal transgene expression level due to its induction of intracellular innate response which may result in inhibition of translation. To improve transgene expression of repRNA, we introduced point mutations in the non-structural protein 1-4 (nsP1-4) coding region of VEE replicon vectors. As a proof of concept, inflammatory cytokines served as genes of interest and were cloned in their wild type and several mutant replicon vectors, followed by transfection in mammalian cells. Our data show that VEE replicons bearing nsP1GGAC-nsP2T or nsP1GGAC-nsP2AT mutations in the nsP1-4 coding region could significantly reduce the recognition by innate immunity as evidenced by the decreased production of type I interferon, and enhance transgene expression in host cells. Thus, the newly discovered mutant VEE replicon vectors could serve as promising gene expression platforms to advance VEE-derived repRNA-based gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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70
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Bafleh WS, Abdulsamad HMR, Al-Qaraghuli SM, El Khatib RY, Elbahrawi RT, Abdukadir AM, Alsawae SM, Dimassi Z, Hamdan H, Kashir J. Applications of advances in mRNA-based platforms as therapeutics and diagnostics in reproductive technologies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1198848. [PMID: 37305677 PMCID: PMC10250609 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1198848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic led to many drastic changes in not only society, law, economics, but also in science and medicine, marking for the first time when drug regulatory authorities cleared for use mRNA-based vaccines in the fight against this outbreak. However, while indeed representing a novel application of such technology in the context of vaccination medicine, introducing RNA into cells to produce resultant molecules (proteins, antibodies, etc.) is not a novel principle. It has been common practice to introduce/inject mRNA into oocytes and embryos to inhibit, induce, and identify several factors in a research context, while such aspects have also been proposed as potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications to combat infertility in humans. Herein, we describe key areas where mRNA-based platforms have thus far represented potential areas of clinical applications, describing the advantages and limitations of such applications. Finally, we also discuss how recent advances in mRNA-based platforms, driven by the recent pandemic, may stand to benefit the treatment of infertility in humans. We also present brief future directions as to how we could utilise recent and current advancements to enhance RNA therapeutics within reproductive biology, specifically with relation to oocyte and embryo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wjdan S. Bafleh
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haia M. R. Abdulsamad
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sally M. Al-Qaraghuli
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riwa Y. El Khatib
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawdah Taha Elbahrawi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azhar Mohamud Abdukadir
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zakia Dimassi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Junaid Kashir
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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71
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Li D, Liu Q, Yang M, Xu H, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Xu J, Tian C, Yao J, Wang L, Liang Y. Nanomaterials for mRNA-based therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10492. [PMID: 37206219 PMCID: PMC10189457 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) holds great potential in developing immunotherapy, protein replacement, and genome editing. In general, mRNA does not have the risk of being incorporated into the host genome and does not need to enter the nucleus for transfection, and it can be expressed even in nondividing cells. Therefore, mRNA-based therapeutics provide a promising strategy for clinical treatment. However, the efficient and safe delivery of mRNA remains a crucial constraint for the clinical application of mRNA therapeutics. Although the stability and tolerability of mRNA can be enhanced by directly retouching the mRNA structure, there is still an urgent need to improve the delivery of mRNA. Recently, significant progress has been made in nanobiotechnology, providing tools for developing mRNA nanocarriers. Nano-drug delivery system is directly used for loading, protecting, and releasing mRNA in the biological microenvironment and can be used to stimulate the translation of mRNA to develop effective intervention strategies. In the present review, we summarized the concept of emerging nanomaterials for mRNA delivery and the latest progress in enhancing the function of mRNA, primarily focusing on the role of exosomes in mRNA delivery. Moreover, we outlined its clinical applications so far. Finally, the key obstacles of mRNA nanocarriers are emphasized, and promising strategies to overcome these obstacles are proposed. Collectively, nano-design materials exert functions for specific mRNA applications, provide new perception for next-generation nanomaterials, and thus revolution of mRNA technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- De‐feng Li
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Qi‐song Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Mei‐feng Yang
- Department of HematologyYantian District People's HospitalShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Hao‐ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGuangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Min‐zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatologythe Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical AdministrationHuizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and PreventionHuizhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGuangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐mei Tian
- Department of EmergencyShenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Li‐sheng Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yu‐jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryShenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health CenterShenzhenChina
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
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72
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Yang W, Cao J, Cheng H, Chen L, Yu M, Chen Y, Cui X. Nanoformulations targeting immune cells for cancer therapy: mRNA therapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:438-470. [PMCID: PMC9712057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The approved worldwide use of two messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in late 2020 has proven the remarkable success of mRNA therapeutics together with lipid nanoformulation technology in protecting people against coronaviruses during COVID-19 pandemic. This unprecedented and exciting dual strategy with nanoformulations and mRNA therapeutics in play is believed to be a promising paradigm in targeted cancer immunotherapy in future. Recent advances in nanoformulation technologies play a prominent role in adapting mRNA platform in cancer treatment. In this review, we introduce the biologic principles and advancements of mRNA technology, and chemistry fundamentals of intriguing mRNA delivery nanoformulations. We discuss the latest promising nano-mRNA therapeutics for enhanced cancer immunotherapy by modulation of targeted specific subtypes of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs) at peripheral lymphoid organs for initiating mRNA cancer vaccine-mediated antigen specific immunotherapy, and DCs, natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T cells, or multiple immunosuppressive immune cells at tumor microenvironment (TME) for reversing immune evasion. We highlight the clinical progress of advanced nano-mRNA therapeutics in targeted cancer therapy and provide our perspectives on future directions of this transformative integrated technology toward clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Xingang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China,Corresponding author
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73
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Yun GH, Park SM, Lim GH, Seo KW, Youn HY. Canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs engineered with mRNA to overexpress TSG-6 and enhance the anti-inflammatory effects in canine macrophages. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1134185. [PMID: 37089409 PMCID: PMC10118014 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1134185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are useful agents in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are largely related to their secretory properties. mRNA engineering emerged as a safe alternative to enhance the secretory function of MSCs. Optimization of the untranslated region (UTR) sequence is important for enhancing the translational efficiency of exogenous mRNAs. However, research on the optimization of UTR in canine MSCs has not yet been conducted.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the UTR sequence related to the expression efficiency of in vitro transcription (IVT) mRNA in canine MSCs and investigate whether mRNA-engineered MSCs that overexpress TSG-6 exhibit enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.MethodsCanine adipose tissue-derived (cAT)-MSCs were transfected with green fluorescence protein (GFP) mRNA with three different UTRs: canine hemoglobin subunit alpha-like 1 (HBA1), HBA2, and hemoglobin subunit beta-like (HBB). The translation efficacy of each mRNA was evaluated using relative fluorescence. TSG-6 mRNA was produced with the UTR optimized according to relative fluorescence results. cAT-MSCs were transfected with TSG-6 mRNA (MSCTSG-6), and TSG-6 expression was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of MSCsTSG-6, DH82 cells were co-cultured with MSCsTSG-6 or treated with dexamethasone, and changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using qPCR.ResultsThe highest fluorescence level was observed in the HBA1 UTR at 24 h post-transfection. TSG-6 mRNA transfection yielded high levels of TSG-6 in the cAT-MSCs. In DH82 cells co-cultured with MSCsTSG-6, the expression of inflammatory cytokines decreased compared to that in co-culturing with naïve MSCs and dexamethasone treatment.ConclusionsOptimization of the HBA1 UTR improved the translation efficiency of IVT mRNA in canine MSCs. cAT-MSCs engineered with TSG-6 mRNA effectively enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of the MSCs when co-cultured with LPS-activated DH82 cells.
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Ingle RG, Fang WJ. An Overview of the Stability and Delivery Challenges of Commercial Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041158. [PMID: 37111643 PMCID: PMC10143938 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid (NA)-based biopharmaceuticals have emerged as promising therapeutic modalities. NA therapeutics are a diverse class of RNA and DNA and include antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, small activating RNA, and gene therapies. Meanwhile, NA therapeutics have posed significant stability and delivery challenges and are expensive. This article discusses the challenges and opportunities for achieving stable formulations of NAs with novel drug delivery systems (DDSs). Here we review the current progress in the stability issues and the significance of novel DDSs associated with NA-based biopharmaceuticals, as well as mRNA vaccines. We also highlight the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved NA-based therapeutics with their formulation profiles. NA therapeutics could impact future markets if the remaining challenges and requirements are addressed. Regardless of the limited information available for NA therapeutics, reviewing and collating the relevant facts and figures generates a precious resource for formulation experts familiar with the NA therapeutics' stability profile, their delivery challenges, and regulatory acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul G Ingle
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Amravati 444602, India
| | - Wei-Jie Fang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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75
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Chen SC, Xu CT, Chang CF, Chao TY, Lin CC, Fu PW, Yu CH. Optimization of 5'UTR to evade SARS-CoV-2 Nonstructural protein 1-directed inhibition of protein synthesis in cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2451-2468. [PMID: 36843199 PMCID: PMC9968647 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the expression level of therapeutic proteins in cells is the general goal for DNA/mRNA therapies. It is particularly challenging to achieve efficient protein expression in the cellular contexts with inhibited translation machineries, such as in the presence of cellular Nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) of coronaviruses (CoVs) that has been reported to inhibit overall protein synthesis of host genes and exogenously delivered mRNAs/DNAs. In this study, we thoroughly examined the sequence and structure contexts of viral and non-viral 5'UTRs that determine the protein expression levels of exogenously delivered DNAs and mRNAs in cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1. It was found that high 5'-proximal A/U content promotes an escape from Nsp1-directed inhibition of protein synthesis and results in selective protein expression. Furthermore, 5'-proximal Cs were found to significantly enhance the protein expression in an Nsp1-dependent manner, while Gs located at a specific window close to the 5'-end counteract such enhancement. The distinct protein expression levels resulted from different 5'UTRs were found correlated to Nsp1-induced mRNA degradations. These findings ultimately enabled rational designs for optimized 5'UTRs that lead to strong expression of exogenous proteins regardless of the translationally repressive Nsp1. On the other hand, we have also identified several 5'-proximal sequences derived from host genes that are capable of mediating the escapes. These results provided novel perspectives to the optimizations of 5'UTRs for DNA/mRNA therapies and/or vaccinations, as well as shedding light on the potential host escapees from Nsp1-directed translational shutoffs. KEY POINTS: • The 5'-proximal SL1 and 5a/b derived from SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA promote exogenous protein synthesis in cells expressing Nsp1 comparing with non-specific 5'UTRs. • Specific 5'-proximal sequence contexts are the key determinants of the escapes from Nsp1-directed translational repression and thereby enhance protein expressions. • Systematic mutagenesis identified optimized 5'UTRs that strongly enhance protein expression and promote resistance to Nsp1-induced translational repression and RNA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cui-Ting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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76
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Wang Z, Ma W, Fu X, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S. Development and applications of mRNA treatment based on lipid nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108130. [PMID: 36933868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies such as messenger RNA have the potential to revolutionize modern medicine and enhance the performance of existing pharmaceuticals. The key challenges of mRNA-based therapies are delivering the mRNA safely and effectively to the target tissues and cells and controlling its release from the delivery vehicle. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely studied as drug carriers and are considered to be state-of-the-art technology for nucleic acid delivery. In this review, we begin by presenting the advantages and mechanisms of action of mRNA therapeutics. Then we discuss the design of LNP platforms based on ionizable lipids and the applications of mRNA-LNP vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases and for treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Finally, we describe the challenges and future prospects of mRNA-LNP therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wanting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xingxing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
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77
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Zhao M, Wang R, Yang K, Jiang Y, Peng Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Ding J, Shi S. Nucleic acid nanoassembly-enhanced RNA therapeutics and diagnosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:916-941. [PMID: 36970219 PMCID: PMC10031267 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAs are involved in the crucial processes of disease progression and have emerged as powerful therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. However, efficient delivery of therapeutic RNA to the targeted location and precise detection of RNA markers remains challenging. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to applying nucleic acid nanoassemblies in diagnosing and treating. Due to the flexibility and deformability of nucleic acids, the nanoassemblies could be fabricated with different shapes and structures. With hybridization, nucleic acid nanoassemblies, including DNA and RNA nanostructures, can be applied to enhance RNA therapeutics and diagnosis. This review briefly introduces the construction and properties of different nucleic acid nanoassemblies and their applications for RNA therapy and diagnosis and makes further prospects for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kunmeng Yang
- The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yachen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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78
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Younas T, Liu C, Struwe WB, Kukura P, He L. Engineer RNA-Protein Nanowires as Light-Responsive Biomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206513. [PMID: 36642821 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RNA molecules have emerged as increasingly attractive biomaterials with important applications such as RNA interference (RNAi) for cancer treatment and mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases. However, it remains challenging to engineer RNA biomaterials with sophisticated functions such as non-covalent light-switching ability. Herein, light-responsive RNA-protein nanowires are engineered to have such functions. It first demonstrates that the high affinity of RNA aptamer enables the formation of long RNA-protein nanowires through designing a dimeric RNA aptamer and an engineered green fluorescence protein (GFP) that contains two TAT-derived peptides at N- and C- termini. GFP is then replaced with an optogenetic protein pair system, LOV2 (light-oxygen-voltage) protein and its binding partner ZDK (Z subunit of protein A), to confer blue light-controlled photo-switching ability. The light-responsive nanowires are long (>500 nm) in the dark, but small (20-30 nm) when exposed to light. Importantly, the co-assembly of this RNA-protein hybrid biomaterial does not rely on the photochemistry commonly used for light-responsive biomaterials, such as bond formation, cleavage, and isomerization, and is thus reversible. These RNA-protein structures can serve as a new class of light-controlled biocompatible frameworks for incorporating versatile elements such as RNA, DNA, and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Younas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Lizhong He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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79
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Issa H, Swart LE, Rasouli M, Ashtiani M, Nakjang S, Jyotsana N, Schuschel K, Heuser M, Blair H, Heidenreich O. Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of the fusion gene RUNX1/ETO in t(8;21)-positive acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:820-834. [PMID: 36823395 PMCID: PMC10079536 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of acute myeloid leukaemias (AMLs) are chromosomal rearrangements that give rise to novel leukaemia-specific fusion genes. Most of these fusion genes are both initiating and driving events in AML and therefore constitute ideal therapeutic targets but are challenging to target by conventional drug development. siRNAs are frequently used for the specific suppression of fusion gene expression but require special formulations for efficient in vivo delivery. Here we describe the use of siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles for the specific therapeutic targeting of the leukaemic fusion gene RUNX1/ETO. Transient knockdown of RUNX1/ETO reduces its binding to its target genes and alters the binding of RUNX1 and its co-factor CBFβ. Transcriptomic changes in vivo were associated with substantially increased median survival of a t(8;21)-AML mouse model. Importantly, transient knockdown in vivo causes long-lasting inhibition of leukaemic proliferation and clonogenicity, induction of myeloid differentiation and a markedly impaired re-engraftment potential in vivo. These data strongly suggest that temporary inhibition of RUNX1/ETO results in long-term restriction of leukaemic self-renewal. Our results provide proof for the feasibility of targeting RUNX1/ETO in a pre-clinical setting and support the further development of siRNA-LNPs for the treatment of fusion gene-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Issa
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laura E Swart
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Milad Rasouli
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minoo Ashtiani
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nidhi Jyotsana
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helen Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. .,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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80
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Song F, Li S, Dai X, Yang F, Cao Y. Activation of KLF6 by titanate nanofibers and regulatory roles of KLF6 on ATF3 in the endothelial monolayer and mouse aortas. Mol Omics 2023; 19:150-161. [PMID: 36538054 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although titanium (Ti)-based nanomaterials (NMs) were traditionally considered as biologically inert materials, it was recently reported that Ti-based NMs induce adverse vascular effects by inhibiting Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and/or KLF4, vasoprotective KLFs with well-documented regulatory activity in NO signaling. However, the potential roles of other KLFs are not clear. KLF6 was recently identified as an important KLF involved in regulating endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and angiogenesis, therefore, this study investigated the influence of titanate nanofibers (TiNFs) on KLF6-mediated events. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed that TiNFs altered the expression of a panel of KLF6-related genes: KLF6-mediated gene ontology (GO) terms were altered, categories including cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, transcription factor (TF) functions and membrane-bound organelles. Additionally, RT-PCR confirmed that TiNFs increased KLF6 activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a TF involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ELISA confirmed the increase of soluble monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (sMCP-1), a KLF6-related inflammatory cytokine. Interestingly, the activation of klf6, atf3 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (ccl2; mcp-1 encoding gene) was observed in aortas of mice following one-time intravenous injection but not intratracheal instillation of TiNFs (100 μg per mouse), indicating a need for direct contact with NMs to activate klf6-mediated pathways in vivo. In endothelial cells, KLF6 knockdown inhibited the expression of ATF3 but not CCL2, suggesting the regulatory role of KLF6 in ATF3 expression. Overall, this study uncovered a previously unknown role of KLF6 in TiNF-induced vascular effects both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Song
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Xuyan Dai
- Economic College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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81
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Hu J, Yuan Z, Jiang Y, Mo Z. Identification of Five Tumor Antigens for Development and Two Immune Subtypes for Personalized Medicine of mRNA Vaccines in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020359. [PMID: 36836593 PMCID: PMC9965942 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed the promise of mRNA-type cancer vaccines as a new direction for cancer immune treatment in several solid tumors, however, its application in papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify potential tumor antigens and robust immune subtypes for the development and appropriate use of anti-PRCC mRNA vaccines, respectively. Raw sequencing data and clinical information of PRCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The cBioPortal was utilized for the visualization and comparison of genetic alterations. The TIMER was used to assess the correlation between preliminary tumor antigens and the abundance of infiltrated antigen presenting cells (APCs). Immune subtypes were determined by the consensus clustering algorithm, and clinical and molecular discrepancies were further explored for a deeper understanding of immune subtypes. Five tumor antigens, including ALOX15B, HS3ST2, PIGR, ZMYND15 and LIMK1, were identified for PRCC, which were correlated with patients' prognoses and infiltration levels of APCs. Two immune subtypes (IS1 and IS2) were disclosed with obviously distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. Compared with IS2, IS1 exhibited a significantly immune-suppressive phenotype, which largely weakened the efficacy of the mRNA vaccine. Overall, our study provides some insights for the design of anti-PRCC mRNA vaccines and, more importantly, the selection of suitable patients to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpei Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhongze Yuan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yifen Jiang
- Department of Medical Record Management Center, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Correspondence:
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82
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Farhana A. Enhancing Skin Cancer Immunotheranostics and Precision Medicine through Functionalized Nanomodulators and Nanosensors: Recent Development and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3493. [PMID: 36834917 PMCID: PMC9959821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers, especially melanomas, present a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the scientific community. Currently, the incidence of melanomas shows a high increase worldwide. Traditional therapeutics are limited to stalling or reversing malignant proliferation, increased metastasis, or rapid recurrence. Nonetheless, the advent of immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in treating skin cancers. Many state-of-art immunotherapeutic techniques, namely, active vaccination, chimeric antigen receptors, adoptive T-cell transfer, and immune checkpoint blockers, have achieved a considerable increase in survival rates. Despite its promising outcomes, current immunotherapy is still limited in its efficacy. Newer modalities are now being explored, and significant progress is made by integrating cancer immunotherapy with modular nanotechnology platforms to enhance its therapeutic efficacy and diagnostics. Research on targeting skin cancers with nanomaterial-based techniques has been much more recent than other cancers. Current investigations using nanomaterial-mediated targeting of nonmelanoma and melanoma cancers are directed at augmenting drug delivery and immunomodulation of skin cancers to induce a robust anticancer response and minimize toxic effects. Many novel nanomaterial formulations are being discovered, and clinical trials are underway to explore their efficacy in targeting skin cancers through functionalization or drug encapsulation. The focus of this review rivets on theranostic nanomaterials that can modulate immune mechanisms toward protective, therapeutic, or diagnostic approaches for skin cancers. The recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based immunotherapeutic modulation of skin cancer types and diagnostic potentials in personalized immunotherapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
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83
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Zha W, Wang J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Dong S, Liu C, Xing H, Li X. Efficient delivery of VEGF-A mRNA for promoting diabetic wound healing via ionizable lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122565. [PMID: 36586634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is often accompanied by chronic non-healing wounds, and vascularendothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is crucial in the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds. However, the application of VEGF-A protein in clinic is limited due to poor absorption and short half-life of protein macromolecule. Herein, we employed an emerging protein replacement therapy by delivering VEGF-A mRNA into the body to express the desired protein to accelerate diabetic wound healing. Primarily, VEGF-A mRNA was synthesized by an in vitro transcription (IVT) method and encapsulated with an ionizable lipid-mediated nanoparticles (LNP) delivery system via a microfluidic method. The resultant LNP/VEGF-A mRNA were characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The nanoparticles have regular spherical morphology with an average particle size of 101.17 nm, a narrow polydispersity (PDI) of 0.17 and negative Zeta potential of -3.05 mV. The bioactivities of the nanoparticles formulation were evaluated against HUVEC cells through cell proliferation, migration and tube formation assays. It was found that the LNP/VEGF-A mRNA nanoparticles could promote endothelial cell proliferation. In addition, they exhibited successful mRNA delivery and high VEGF-A protein expression in vitro and in vivo by means of Western Blot assay and in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Finally, C57BL/6 diabetic mice model was established and intradermally treated with the LNP/VEGF-A mRNA nanoparticles. It was found that the LNP/VEGF-A mRNA treated wounds were almost healed after 14 days with an average wound area of 2.4 %, compared with the PBS group of 21.4 %. Apparently, the nanoparticles formulation was able to significantly expedite diabetic wound healing. The histological analysis containing H&E, Masson's trichrome staining and CD31 further confirmed the healing efficacy and low toxicity of the formulation. Taken together, the LNP/VEGF-A mRNA nanoparticles can be taken up by cells to express protein effectively and improve diabetic wound healing, which might have potential application in the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds as a protein replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zha
- Li Xinsong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Li Xinsong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Zongke Guo
- Guo Zongke, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- Li Xinsong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Li Xinsong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Shuo Dong
- Li Xinsong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Li Xinsong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Hanlei Xing
- Li Xinsong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Xinsong Li
- Li Xinsong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China.
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84
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Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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85
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Dutta S, Ganguly A, Chatterjee K, Spada S, Mukherjee S. Targets of Immune Escape Mechanisms in Cancer: Basis for Development and Evolution of Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020218. [PMID: 36829496 PMCID: PMC9952779 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a novel therapeutic tool for cancer therapy in the last decade. Unfortunately, a small number of patients benefit from approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, multiple studies are being conducted to find new ICIs and combination strategies to improve the current ICIs. In this review, we discuss some approved immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4, and also highlight newer emerging ICIs. For instance, HLA-E, overexpressed by tumor cells, represents an immune-suppressive feature by binding CD94/NKG2A, on NK and T cells. NKG2A blockade recruits CD8+ T cells and activates NK cells to decrease the tumor burden. NKG2D acts as an NK cell activating receptor that can also be a potential ICI. The adenosine A2A and A2B receptors, CD47-SIRPα, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and VISTA are targets that also contribute to cancer immunoresistance and have been considered for clinical trials. Their antitumor immunosuppressive functions can be used to develop blocking antibodies. PARPs, mARTs, and B7-H3 are also other potential targets for immunosuppression. Additionally, miRNA, mRNA, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated immunotherapeutic approaches are being investigated with great interest. Pre-clinical and clinical studies project these targets as potential immunotherapeutic candidates in different cancer types for their robust antitumor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- The Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, India
| | | | - Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
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86
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Ai L, Li Y, Zhou L, Yao W, Zhang H, Hu Z, Han J, Wang W, Wu J, Xu P, Wang R, Li Z, Li Z, Wei C, Liang J, Chen H, Yang Z, Guo M, Huang Z, Wang X, Zhang Z, Xiang W, Sun D, Xu L, Huang M, Lv B, Peng P, Zhang S, Ji X, Luo H, Chen N, Chen J, Lan K, Hu Y. Lyophilized mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines with long-term stability and high antigenicity against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discov 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 36683074 PMCID: PMC9868121 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced mRNA vaccines play vital roles against SARS-CoV-2. However, most current mRNA delivery platforms need to be stored at -20 °C or -70 °C due to their poor stability, which severely restricts their availability. Herein, we develop a lyophilization technique to prepare SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines with long-term thermostability. The physiochemical properties and bioactivities of lyophilized vaccines showed no change at 25 °C over 6 months, and the lyophilized SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines could elicit potent humoral and cellular immunity whether in mice, rabbits, or rhesus macaques. Furthermore, in the human trial, administration of lyophilized Omicron mRNA vaccine as a booster shot also engendered strong immunity without severe adverse events, where the titers of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1/BA.2/BA.4 were increased by at least 253-fold after a booster shot following two doses of the commercial inactivated vaccine, CoronaVac. This lyophilization platform overcomes the instability of mRNA vaccines without affecting their bioactivity and significantly improves their accessibility, particularly in remote regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxia Ai
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Yafei Li
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Li Zhou
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, ABSL-3 Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Wenrong Yao
- Jiangsu Rec-biotechnology Co. Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Zhaoyu Hu
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Jinyu Han
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Junmiao Wu
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Pan Xu
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Ruiyue Wang
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Zhangyi Li
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Zhouwang Li
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Chengliang Wei
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Jianqun Liang
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Haobo Chen
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Zhimiao Yang
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Ming Guo
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, ABSL-3 Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, ABSL-3 Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, ABSL-3 Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, ABSL-3 Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Wenjie Xiang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, ABSL-3 Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Dazheng Sun
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Lianqiang Xu
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Meiyan Huang
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Bin Lv
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Peiqi Peng
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Shangfeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Xuhao Ji
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Huiyi Luo
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Nanping Chen
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Jiangsu Rec-biotechnology Co. Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu China ,Wuhan Recogen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Ke Lan
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, ABSL-3 Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yong Hu
- Shenzhen Rhegen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong China ,Wuhan Recogen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
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87
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mRNA-From COVID-19 Treatment to Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020308. [PMID: 36830845 PMCID: PMC9953480 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview covering mRNA from its use in the COVID-19 pandemic to cancer immunotherapy, starting from the selection of appropriate antigens, tumor-associated and tumor-specific antigens, neoantigens, the basics of optimizing the mRNA molecule in terms of stability, efficacy, and tolerability, choosing the best formulation and the optimal route of administration, to summarizing current clinical trials of mRNA vaccines in tumor therapy.
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88
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Yuan Y, Gao F, Chang Y, Zhao Q, He X. Advances of mRNA vaccine in tumor: a maze of opportunities and challenges. Biomark Res 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36650562 PMCID: PMC9845107 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High-frequency mutations in tumor genomes could be exploited as an asset for developing tumor vaccines. In recent years, with the tremendous breakthrough in genomics, intelligence algorithm, and in-depth insight of tumor immunology, it has become possible to rapidly target genomic alterations in tumor cell and rationally select vaccine targets. Among a variety of candidate vaccine platforms, the early application of mRNA was limited by instability low efficiency and excessive immunogenicity until the successful development of mRNA vaccines against SARS-COV-2 broken of technical bottleneck in vaccine preparation, allowing tumor mRNA vaccines to be prepared rapidly in an economical way with good performance of stability and efficiency. In this review, we systematically summarized the classification and characteristics of tumor antigens, the general process and methods for screening neoantigens, the strategies of vaccine preparations and advances in clinical trials, as well as presented the main challenges in the current mRNA tumor vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Gao
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chang
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingxing He
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ,grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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89
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Lu ZG, Shen J, Yang J, Wang JW, Zhao RC, Zhang TL, Guo J, Zhang X. Nucleic acid drug vectors for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:39. [PMID: 36650130 PMCID: PMC9844208 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid drugs have the advantages of rich target selection, simple in design, good and enduring effect. They have been demonstrated to have irreplaceable superiority in brain disease treatment, while vectors are a decisive factor in therapeutic efficacy. Strict physiological barriers, such as degradation and clearance in circulation, blood-brain barrier, cellular uptake, endosome/lysosome barriers, release, obstruct the delivery of nucleic acid drugs to the brain by the vectors. Nucleic acid drugs against a single target are inefficient in treating brain diseases of complex pathogenesis. Differences between individual patients lead to severe uncertainties in brain disease treatment with nucleic acid drugs. In this Review, we briefly summarize the classification of nucleic acid drugs. Next, we discuss physiological barriers during drug delivery and universal coping strategies and introduce the application methods of these universal strategies to nucleic acid drug vectors. Subsequently, we explore nucleic acid drug-based multidrug regimens for the combination treatment of brain diseases and the construction of the corresponding vectors. In the following, we address the feasibility of patient stratification and personalized therapy through diagnostic information from medical imaging and the manner of introducing contrast agents into vectors. Finally, we take a perspective on the future feasibility and remaining challenges of vector-based integrated diagnosis and gene therapy for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
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90
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Dong S, Wang J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zha W, Wang Y, Liu C, Xing H, Li X. Efficient delivery of VEGFA mRNA for promoting wound healing via ionizable lipid nanoparticles. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 78:117135. [PMID: 36577327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) plays an important role in the healing of skin wound. However, the application of VEGFA protein in clinic is limited because of its high cost manufacturing, complicated purification and poor pharmacokinetic profile. Herein, we developed nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding VEGFA encapsulated ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to improve angiogenesis and increase wound healing rate. First, VEGFA mRNA was synthesized by an in vitro transcription (IVT) method. After that, VEGFA mRNA-LNP was prepared by encapsulating mRNA in ionizable lipid based nanoparticles via a microfluidic mixer. The physicochemical properties of VEGFA mRNA-LNP were investigated via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the VEGFA mRNA-LNP possessed regular spherical morphology with an average size of 112.67 nm and a negative Zeta potential of -3.43 mV. The LNP delivery system had excellent lysosome escape capability and high transfection efficiency. ELISA and Western Blot analysis indicated that the mRNA-LNP could express VEGFA protein in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Besides, endothelial tube formation, cell proliferation and scratch assays were performed. The results revealed VEGFA mRNA-LNP boosted angiogenesis, cell proliferation and cell migration by expressing VEGFA protein. Finally, C57BL/6 mouse model of skin wound was established and intradermally treated with VEGFA mRNA-LNP. The VEGFA mRNA-LNP treated wounds were almost healed with an average wound size of 1.56 mm2 compared with the blank of 18.66 mm2 after 9 days. The results indicated that the VEGFA mRNA-LNP was able to significantly expedite wound healing. Histological analysis further demonstrated tissue epithelialization, collagen deposition and enhancement of vascular density after treatment. Taken together, VEGFA mRNA-LNP can be uptaken by cells to express protein effectively and promote wound healing, which may provide a promising strategy for clinical remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Dong
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Zongke Guo
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China.
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Wenhui Zha
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Hanlei Xing
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China
| | - Xinsong Li
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, China.
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91
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Qin S, Huang H, Xiao W, Chen K, He X, Tang X, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Duan X, Fan N, Zheng Q, Wu M, Lu G, Wei Y, Wei X, Song X. A novel heterologous receptor-binding domain dodecamer universal mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:S2211-3835(23)00010-2. [PMID: 36647424 PMCID: PMC9833852 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently approximately 4,000 mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein gene and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to spread rapidly worldwide. Universal vaccines with high efficacy and safety urgently need to be developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 variants pandemic. Here, we described a novel self-assembling universal mRNA vaccine containing a heterologous receptor-binding domain (HRBD)-based dodecamer (HRBDdodecamer) against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (B.1.1.28.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529). HRBD containing four heterologous RBD (Delta, Beta, Gamma, and Wild-type) can form a stable dodecameric conformation under T4 trimerization tag (Flodon, FD). The HRBDdodecamer -encoding mRNA was then encapsulated into the newly-constructed LNPs consisting of a novel ionizable lipid (4N4T). The obtained universal mRNA vaccine (4N4T-HRBDdodecamer) presented higher efficiency in mRNA transfection and expression than the approved ALC-0315 LNPs, initiating potent immune protection against the immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 caused by evolutionary mutation. These findings demonstrated the first evidence that structure-based antigen design and mRNA delivery carrier optimization may facilitate the development of effective universal mRNA vaccines to tackle SARS-CoV-2 variants pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xi He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoshan Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xing Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangwen Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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92
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Lightfoot HL, Smith GF. Targeting RNA with small molecules-A safety perspective. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36631428 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA is a major player in cellular function, and consequently can drive a number of disease pathologies. Over the past several years, small molecule-RNA targeting (smRNA targeting) has developed into a promising drug discovery approach. Numerous techniques, tools, and assays have been developed to support this field, and significant investments have been made by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. To date, the focus has been on identifying disease validated primary targets for smRNA drug development, yet RNA as a secondary (off) target for all small molecule drug programs largely has been unexplored. In this perspective, we discuss structure, target, and mechanism-driven safety aspects of smRNAs and highlight how these parameters can be evaluated in drug discovery programs to produce potentially safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Lightfoot
- Safety and Mechanistic Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham F Smith
- Data Science and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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93
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Hu J, Mo Z. Dissection of tumor antigens and immune landscape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Preconditions for development and precision medicine of mRNA vaccine. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:2157-2182. [PMID: 36899527 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that mRNA-type cancer vaccines could be exploited as cancer immunotherapies in various solid tumors. However, the use of mRNA-type cancer vaccines in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify potential tumor antigens for the development of an anti-ccRCC mRNA vaccine. In addition, this study aimed to determine immune subtypes of ccRCC to guide the selection of patients to receive the vaccine. Raw sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Further, the cBioPortal website was used to visualize and compare genetic alterations. GEPIA2 was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of preliminary tumor antigens. Moreover, the TIMER web server was used to evaluate correlations between the expression of specific antigens and the abundance of infiltrated antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Single-cell RNA sequencing data of ccRCC was used to explore the expression of potential tumor antigens at single-cell resolution. The immune subtypes of patients were analyzed by the consensus clustering algorithm. Furthermore, the clinical and molecular discrepancies were further explored for a deep understanding of the immune subtypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the genes according to the immune subtypes. Finally, the sensitivity of drugs commonly used in ccRCC with diverse immune subtypes was investigated. The results revealed that the tumor antigen, LRP2, was associated with a good prognosis and enhanced the infiltration of APCs. ccRCC could be divided into two immune subtypes (IS1 and IS2) with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. The IS1 group showed a poorer overall survival with an immune-suppressive phenotype than the IS2 group. Additionally, a large spectrum of differences in the expression of immune checkpoints and immunogenic cell death modulators were observed between the two subtypes. Lastly, the genes correlated with the immune subtypes were involved in multiple immune-related processes. Therefore, LRP2 is a potential tumor antigen that could be used to develop an mRNA-type cancer vaccine in ccRCC. Furthermore, patients in the IS2 group were more suitable for vaccination than those in the IS1 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpei Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
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94
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Demongeot J, Fougère C. mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines-Facts and Hypotheses on Fragmentation and Encapsulation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:40. [PMID: 36679885 PMCID: PMC9864138 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adventure of the mRNA vaccine began thirty years ago in the context of influenza. This consisted in encapsulating the mRNA coding for a viral protein in a lipid particle. We show how the mRNA encoding S protein has been modified for that purpose in the context of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. RESULTS by using data coming from genetic and epidemiologic databases, we show the theoretical possibility of fragmentation of this mRNA into small RNA sequences capable of inhibiting important bio-syntheses such as the production of beta-globin. DISCUSSION we discuss two aspects related to mRNA vaccine: (i) the plausibility of mRNA fragmentation, and (ii) the role of liposomal nanoparticles (LNPs) used in the vaccine and their impact on mRNA biodistribution. CONCLUSION we insist on the need to develop lipid nanoparticles allowing personalized administration of vaccines and avoiding adverse effects due to mRNA fragmentation and inefficient biodistribution. Hence, we recommend (i) adapting the mRNA of vaccines to the least mutated virus proteins and (ii) personalizing its administration to the categories of chronic patients at risk most likely to suffer from adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Demongeot
- AGEIS & Telecom4Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
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95
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Fan N, Chen K, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Huang H, Qin S, Zheng Q, He Z, He X, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Zhao C, Liu Y, Jiang X, Li S, Wei Y, Song X. Manganese-coordinated mRNA vaccines with enhanced mRNA expression and immunogenicity induce robust immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3500. [PMID: 36563159 PMCID: PMC9788765 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent to develop more effective mRNA vaccines against the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants owing to the immune escape. Here, we constructed a novel mRNA delivery system [IC8/Mn lipid nanoparticles (IC8/Mn LNPs)]with high immunogenicity, via introducing a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist [manganese (Mn)] based on a newly synthesized ionizable lipid (IC8). It was found that Mn can not only promote maturation of antigen-presenting cells via activating STING pathway but also improve mRNA expression by facilitating lysosomal escape for the first time. Subsequently, IC8/Mn LNPs loaded with mRNA encoding the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron variant (IC8/Mn@D or IC8/Mn@O) were prepared. Both mRNA vaccines induced substantial specific immunoglobulin G responses against Delta or Omicron. IC8/Mn@D displayed strong pseudovirus neutralization ability, T helper 1-biased immune responses, and good safety. It can be concluded that IC8/Mn LNPs have great potential for developing Mn-coordinated mRNA vaccines with robust immunogenicity and good safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kepan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shugang Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongshan He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjun Gu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changchun Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuaicheng Li
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding author.
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96
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Aditham A, Shi H, Guo J, Zeng H, Zhou Y, Wade SD, Huang J, Liu J, Wang X. Chemically Modified mocRNAs for Highly Efficient Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3352-3366. [PMID: 34995053 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
mRNA has recently been established as a new class of therapeutics, due to its programmability and ability to produce proteins of interest rapidly in vivo. Despite its demonstrated utility, mRNA as a protein expression platform remains limited by its translational capacity and RNA stability. Here, we introduce messenger-oligonucleotide conjugated RNAs (mocRNAs) to enable site-specific, robust, and modularized encoding of chemical modifications for highly efficient and stable protein expression. In mocRNA constructs, chemically synthesized oligonucleotides are ligated to the 3' terminus of mRNA substrates to protect poly(A) tails from degradation, without compromising their potency in stimulating translation. As a proof-of-concept, mocRNAs modified by deadenylase-resistant oligonucleotides result in augmented protein production by factors of 2-4 in human HeLa cells and by 10-fold in primary rat cortical neuronal cultures. By directly linking enzymatic and organic synthesis of mRNA, we envision that the mocRNA design will open new avenues to expand the chemical space and translational capacity of RNA-based vectors in basic research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aditham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hailing Shi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jianting Guo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hu Zeng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sarah Dunn Wade
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02134, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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97
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Chavda VP, Soni S, Vora LK, Soni S, Khadela A, Ajabiya J. mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2150. [PMID: 36560560 PMCID: PMC9785933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19's launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into the public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used to combat COVID-19 is assisting in the creation of treatments and vaccines to treat existing illnesses and may avert pandemics in the future. Exploiting the capacity of mRNA to create therapeutic proteins to impede or treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, is the main goal of the quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field of biomedicine. In this review, we explore the potential of mRNA as a vaccine and therapeutic using current research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Massachussets College of Pharmacy and Health Science, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinal Ajabiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics Analysis and Quality Assurance, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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98
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Vishweshwaraiah YL, Dokholyan NV. mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029069. [PMID: 36591226 PMCID: PMC9794995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough strategy in cancer treatment. mRNA vaccines are an attractive and powerful immunotherapeutic platform against cancer because of their high potency, specificity, versatility, rapid and large-scale development capability, low-cost manufacturing potential, and safety. Recent technological advances in mRNA vaccine design and delivery have accelerated mRNA cancer vaccines' development and clinical application. In this review, we present various cancer vaccine platforms with a focus on nucleic acid vaccines. We discuss rational design and optimization strategies for mRNA cancer vaccine development. We highlight the platforms available for delivery of the mRNA vaccines with a focus on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) based delivery systems. Finally, we discuss the limitations of mRNA cancer vaccines and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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99
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Catalysis medicine: Participating in the chemical networks of living organisms through catalysts. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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100
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Li M, Ren J, Si X, Sun Z, Wang P, Zhang X, Liu K, Wei B. The global mRNA vaccine patent landscape. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2095837. [PMID: 35797353 PMCID: PMC9746484 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2095837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of their quick development and low risk, mRNA vaccines are gradually replacing traditional vaccines. In order to characterize the patent landscape of mRNA vaccines, this study collated mRNA vaccine-related applications that have been registered since 1962. Accordingly, the 1852 patent families were discussed in relation to their temporal distribution, geographic scope, organizational assignees, and co-patenting activities. mRNA vaccines were shown to demonstrate promise in infectious disease, cancer immunotherapy, and allergic disease, with a focus on lipid nanoparticles. Notably, these vaccines are being developed against a backdrop of fierce industrial competition and intensive collaboration with a rise in applications. The findings of this study highlighted cutting-edge inventions, key players, and collaboration dynamics among institutions. By understanding the landscape of mRNA vaccine patents, researchers and those in industry may better comprehend the latest trends in this area, which may also assist relevant decision-making by academics, government officials, and industrial leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxiong Ren
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingyong Si
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaocai Sun
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kunmeng Liu
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Benzheng Wei
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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