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Mechanical properties and antibacterial activities of novel nanobiocomposite films of chitosan and starch. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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52
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Zheng Y, Monty J, Linhardt RJ. Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites and their applications. Carbohydr Res 2015; 405:23-32. [PMID: 25498200 PMCID: PMC4312275 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide nanocomposites have become increasingly important materials over the past decade. Polysaccharides offer a green alternative to synthetic polymers in the preparation of soft nanomaterials. They have also been used in composites with hard nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials. This mini review describes methods for polysaccharide nanocomposite preparation and reviews the various types and diverse applications for these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zheng
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jonathan Monty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA.
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53
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Chitosan/Chitin nanowhiskers composites: effect of plasticisers on the mechanical behaviour. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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54
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Šimkovic I, Mendichi R, Kelnar I, Filip J, Hricovíni M. Cationization of heparin for film applications. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:551-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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55
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Rubentheren V, Ward TA, Chee CY, Tang CK. Processing and analysis of chitosan nanocomposites reinforced with chitin whiskers and tannic acid as a crosslinker. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:379-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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57
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Urbanowicz BR, Peña MJ, Moniz HA, Moremen KW, York WS. Two Arabidopsis proteins synthesize acetylated xylan in vitro. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:197-206. [PMID: 25141999 PMCID: PMC4184958 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is the third most abundant glycopolymer on earth after cellulose and chitin. As a major component of wood, grain and forage, this natural biopolymer has far-reaching impacts on human life. This highly acetylated cell wall polysaccharide is a vital component of the plant cell wall, which functions as a molecular scaffold, providing plants with mechanical strength and flexibility. Mutations that impair synthesis of the xylan backbone give rise to plants that fail to grow normally because of collapsed xylem cells in the vascular system. Phenotypic analysis of these mutants has implicated many proteins in xylan biosynthesis; however, the enzymes directly responsible for elongation and acetylation of the xylan backbone have not been unambiguously identified. Here we provide direct biochemical evidence that two Arabidopsis thaliana proteins, IRREGULAR XYLEM 10-L (IRX10-L) and ESKIMO1/TRICOME BIREFRINGENCE 29 (ESK1/TBL29), catalyze these respective processes in vitro. By identifying the elusive xylan synthase and establishing ESK1/TBL29 as the archetypal plant polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase, we have resolved two long-standing questions in plant cell wall biochemistry. These findings shed light on integral steps in the molecular pathways used by plants to synthesize a major component of the world's biomass and expand our toolkit for producing glycopolymers with valuable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breeanna R. Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Maria J. Peña
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Corresponding authors: Maria J. Peña, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA, +01 (706) 542-4419, William S. York, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA, +01 (706) 542-4628 ,
| | - Heather A. Moniz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - William S. York
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Corresponding authors: Maria J. Peña, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA, +01 (706) 542-4419, William S. York, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA, +01 (706) 542-4628 ,
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58
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Synthesis and electrical properties of polyaniline/iota-carrageenan biocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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59
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Thermo-compression of biodegradable thermoplastic corn starch films containing chitin and chitosan. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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60
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Simkovic I, Kelnar I, Uhliariková I, Mendichi R, Mandalika A, Elder T. Carboxymethylated-, hydroxypropylsulfonated- and quaternized xylan derivative films. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:464-71. [PMID: 24906780 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Under alkaline/water conditions carboxymethyl, 2-hydroxypropylsulfonate and trimethylammonium-2-hydroxypropyl groups were introduced into xylan in one step with the goal to prepare film specimens. The materials were characterized by NMR, SEC-MALS, TG/DTG/DTA, AFM and mechanical testing. The properties of triple, double and mono-substituted materials were compared. The numerical molar masses of the specimens were from 12.3 to 17.6 kg/mol with Mw/Mn from 1.27 to 1.34. The elastic modulus values are decreasing in order: xylan (X; 7354 MPa)>carboxymethyl xylan (CX; 6090MPa)>2-hydroxypropylsulfonate xylan (SX; 6000 MPa)>carboxymethyl/2-hydroxypropylsulfonate xylan (CSX; 4490 MPa)>quaternized xylan (QX; 3600 MPa)>carboxymethyl/quaternary/2-hydroxypropylsulfonate xylan (CQSX; 3380 MPa)>carboxymethyl/quaternary xylan (CQX; 2805 MPa). The onset temperatures of SX (214°C), CQSX (212°C), QSX (211°C) and CQX (207°C) were higher than for X (205°C). The roughness values of the film surfaces (3.634-18.667 nm) are higher on top than on the bottom of the specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Simkovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Uhliariková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Raniero Mendichi
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), Via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anurag Mandalika
- Louisiana Forest Products Development Center, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70894, USA
| | - Thomas Elder
- USDA-Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA
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Ribeiro LN, Alcântara AC, Darder M, Aranda P, Araújo-Moreira FM, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Pectin-coated chitosan–LDH bionanocomposite beads as potential systems for colon-targeted drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2014; 463:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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62
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Šimkovic I, Tracz A, Kelnar I, Uhliariková I, Mendichi R. Quaternized and sulfated xylan derivative films. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:356-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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