51
|
Karimani A, Heidarpour M, Moghaddam Jafari A. Protective effects of glycyrrhizin on sub-chronic diazinon-induced biochemical, hematological alterations and oxidative stress indices in male Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:300-308. [PMID: 30203683 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1497053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effect of glycyrrhizin on diazinon-induced changes in body and organ weights, blood hematology, lipid profile, biochemistry parameters and tissue markers of oxidative stress in male Wistar rats over a 7-week period. Rats were orally given sublethal dose of diazinon (10 mg/kg daily; 0.008 LD50), while glycyrrhizin (25 mg kg-1 daily) was given alone or in combination with diazinon. At the end of 7th week, statistically significant decrease of pseudocholinesterase activity was detected when diazinon- and glycyrrhizin + diazinon-treated groups were compared to the control group. Diazinon treated rats showed weight loss and organ weight changes which were comparable to other groups. There was a statistically significance in hematological indices except mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) when diazinon treated group was compared to glycyrrhizin + diazinon treated rats. Glycyrrhizin protected the liver and kidney from diazinon toxic effects with significantly decrease in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities as well as ameliorated hepatic and renal function indices (such as bilirubin, total protein, albumin, BUN, creatinine glucose). In addition, glycyrrhizin minimized the hazardous effect of diazinon on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. The protective effects of glycyrrhizin were confirmed by tissue markers of oxidative stress analysis as glycyrrhizin in combination diminished malondialdehyde and glycyrrhizin alone or in combination enhanced thiol group and the ferric reducing power. In accordance to these results, our observations demonstrated the beneficial effects of glycyrrhizin in reducing the toxicity of diazinon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Karimani
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran.,b Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mohammad Heidarpour
- c Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Amir Moghaddam Jafari
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Abdel-Daim MM, Abushouk AI, Alkhalf MI, Toraih EA, Fawzy MS, Ijaz H, Aleya L, Bungau SG. Antagonistic effects of Spirulina platensis on diazinon-induced hemato-biochemical alterations and oxidative stress in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27463-27470. [PMID: 30043347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis (SP) is a traditionally used microalga for a wide range of pharmacological activities, including amelioration of heavy metals and pesticides toxicity. This study evaluated the antioxidant and organoprotective effects of SP against diazinon (DZN)-induced subacute toxicity on the blood, heart, liver, and kidneys of male Wistar albino rats. Diazinon (20 mg/kg, subcutaneous) was administered to animals either alone or along with an oral pure SP powder at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Alterations in hematological and serum biochemical parameters, as well as oxidative stress markers in the hepatic, renal, and cardiac tissues were evaluated, using colorimetric spectrophotometric techniques. The obtained results revealed that in comparison to the control group, DZN-treated rats exhibited significantly lower (p < 0.05) red blood cells and platelets counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, and activities of serum acetylcholinesterase and tissue antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). Meanwhile, biochemical analysis showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) white blood cells count, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and cardiac [creatine kinase (CK) and CK-muscle/brain fraction], hepatic [transaminases and alkaline phosphatase], and renal [uric acid, urea and creatinine] injury markers, and tissue levels of malondialdehyde (a marker of lipid peroxidation) in the DZN-intoxicated group, compared to normal controls. Interestingly, the administration of SP significantly ameliorated the previous hemato-biochemical alterations and mitigated DZN-induced organ injuries and oxidative stress. In conclusion, the natural antioxidant microalga (SP) effectively alleviated the DZN-induced hematologic alterations and organ injuries, probably through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | | | - Maha I Alkhalf
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Faisaliah King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hira Ijaz
- College of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 25030 11, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Simona G Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Harchegani AB, Rahmani A, Tahmasbpour E, Kabootaraki HB, Rostami H, Shahriary A. Mechanisms of diazinon effects on impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:653-664. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718778665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide that has cytotoxic and pathological effects on the reproductive system. It causes a wide variety of pathological effects on the reproductive system such as testicular atrophy, disturbance in sex hormones, impaired spermatogenesis, low quality of sperm, and fertility problems. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms of its adverse effects are not well understood. General events such as testicular damage, inflammation, mitochondrial deficiency, DNA fragmentation, disintegration of sperm plasma membrane, apoptosis, and cell death are observed in DZN-exposed animals. Oxidative stress (OS) induced by reactive oxygen species may be a main mechanism, which can be associated with sperm DNA fragmentation, reduced integrity of sperm cell membrane, apoptosis, depletion of antioxidants, and subsequently poor sperm quality and male infertility. Therefore, identification of these pathways may provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms of DZN action on the male reproductive system. In this review, we aim to discuss the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms of DZN action on male reproductive system, the importance of OS and mechanisms by which DZN induces OS and depletion of other antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakhiari Kabootaraki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Hariri AT, Moallem SA, Mahmoudi M, Memar B, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Effect of Crocus sativus L. stigma (saffron) against subacute effect of diazinon: histopathological, hematological, biochemical and genotoxicity evaluations in rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21:61-69. [PMID: 30151305 PMCID: PMC6054089 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2018.21.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, the effects of saffron stigma against subacute diazinon (DZN) toxicity on enzymes levels, biochemical, hematological, histopathological and genotoxicity indices were studied in rats. Methods Vitamin E (200 IU/kg) and the aqueous extract of saffron (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally three times per week alone or with DZN (20 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks. The hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated at the end of 4 weeks. Results Reticulocytes counts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase, CPK-MB, gama glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid and micronucleus indices were increased significantly but total protein and RBC cholinesterase activity were decreased in the DZN-treated group. Saffron prevented the effect of DZN on GGT (50 mg/kg), LDH, CPK and CPK-MB (100 and 200 mg/kg) levels. An increased uric acid and reduced protein levels by DZN were prevented by vitamin E and some doses of saffron. A significant reduction was observed in platelets, RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit indices in the DZN group. Saffron and vitamin E prevented this reduction. Vitamin E and saffron did not reduce the effect of DZN on RBC cholinesterase activity. The extract and vitamin E could not prevent DZN genotoxicity in the micronucleus assay. Other biochemical parameters and pathological evaluation did not show any abnormality in tissues of all groups. Conclusion This study shows that vitamin E and saffron reduce DZN induced hematological and biochemical toxicity. However, they do not prevent the genotoxicity induced by DZN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Timcheh Hariri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Georgiadis N, Tsarouhas K, Tsitsimpikou C, Vardavas A, Rezaee R, Germanakis I, Tsatsakis A, Stagos D, Kouretas D. Pesticides and cardiotoxicity. Where do we stand? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 353:1-14. [PMID: 29885332 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most significant causes of mortality in humans. Pesticides toxicity and risk for human health are controlled at a European level through a well-developed regulatory network, but cardiotoxicity is not described as a separate hazard class. Specific classification criteria should be developed within the frame of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 in order to classify chemicals as cardiotoxic, if applicable to avoid long-term cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to review the cardiac pathology and function impairment due to exposure to pesticides (i.e. organophosphates, organothiophisphates, organochlorines, carbamates, pyrethroids, dipyridyl herbicides, triazoles, triazines) based on both animal and human data. The majority of human data on cardiotoxicity of pesticides come from poisoning cases and epidemiological data. Several cardiovascular complications have been reported in animal models including electrocardiogram abnormalities, myocardial infarction, impaired systolic and diastolic performance, functional remodeling and histopathological findings, such as haemorrhage, vacuolisation, signs of apoptosis and degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Georgiadis
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy; Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsarouhas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ioannis Germanakis
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Voutes, Heraklion, 71409 Crete, Greece
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Danaei GH, Memar B, Ataee R, Karami M. Protective effect of thymoquinone, the main component of Nigella Sativa, against diazinon cardio-toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:585-591. [PMID: 29648463 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1454459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that oxidative stress and cell damage can occur at very early stages of diazinon (DZN) exposure. The present study was designed to determine the beneficial effect of thymoquinone (Thy), the main component of Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin), against DZN cardio-toxicity in rats. In the present experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control (corn oil gavages), DZN gavages (20 mg/kg/day), Thy gavages (10 mg/kg/day) and Thy + DVN gavages (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day). Treatments were continued for 28 days, then the animals were anesthetized by ether and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), lactate dehydrogenize (LDH) and glutathione peroxide (GPX) activity was evaluated. In addition, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) the heart tissue and creatinephosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) and troponin (TPI) levels and cholinesterase activity in the blood were evaluated. DZN-induced oxidative damage and elevated the levels of the cardiac markers CK-MB, TPI, MDA and LDH and decreased SOD, CAT and cholinesterase activity and GSH level compared with the control group. Treatment with Thy reduced DZN cardio-toxicity and cholinesterase activity. The success of Thy supplementation against DZN toxicity can be attributed to the antioxidant effects of its constituents. Administration of Thy as a natural antioxidant decreased DZN cardio-toxicity and improved cholinesterase activity in rats through the mechanism of free radical scavenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Hassan Danaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Ataee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Asrari N, Yazdian-Robati R, Abnous K, Razavi BM, Rashednia M, Hasani FV, Hosseinzadeh H. Antidepressant effects of aqueous extract of saffron and its effects on CREB, P-CREB, BDNF, and VGF proteins in rat cerebellum. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21:35-40. [PMID: 30151303 PMCID: PMC6054076 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2018.21.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The role of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), CREB (cAMP response element binding) and VGF neuropeptide has been proved in antidepressant activity of long term saffron administration in the rat hippocampus. In this study we evaluated the role of these proteins in antidepressant activity of saffron in long term administration in the rat cerebellum. Methods Saffron aqueous extract (40 and 80 mg/kg/day) and imipramine (10 mg/kg/day) were administered intraperitoneally for 21 days to rats. At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed and cerebellums were separated. The protein levels of BDNF, VGF, CREB and P- CREB in the rat cerebellum were evaluated using western blot analysis. Results Saffron aqueous extract (80mg/kg/day) caused significant increase in protein level of P-CREB in long term treatment in the rat cerebellum. The increases in the protein levels of VGF, CREB and BDNF were not significant. Conclusion In summary, our results showed that antidepressant effect of saffron in rat cerebellum might be due to the enhanced phosphorylation of CREB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Asrari
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - BiBi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mrazieh Rashednia
- Department of Toxicology and pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Asgary S, Rastqar A, Keshvari M. Functional Food and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29528772 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of death globally and is a growing health concern. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology and treatment of CVD. Functional foods based on their basic nutritional functions can decrease the risk of many chronic diseases and have some physiological benefits. They contain physiologically active components either from plant or animal sources, marketed with the claim of their ability to reduce heart disease risk, focusing primarily on established risk factors, which are hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity/overweight, elevated lipoprotein A level, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated inflammatory marker levels. Functional foods are suspected to exert their cardioprotective effects mainly through blood lipid profile level and improve hypertension control, endothelial function, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant actions. Clinical and epidemiological observations indicate that vegetable and fruit fiber, nuts and seeds, sea foods, coffee, tea, and dark chocolate have cardioprotective potential in humans, as well whole-grain products containing intact grain kernels rich in fiber and trace nutrients. They are nutritionally more important because they contain phytoprotective substances that might work synergistically to reduce cardiovascular risk. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between functional foods and the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Ali Rastqar
- b Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Université Laval, Québec , Québec , Canada.,c Research Center of University Affiliated Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Mahtab Keshvari
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh H. Antidotal or protective effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and its active ingredient, curcumin, against natural and chemical toxicities: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:411-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
60
|
Anticancer activity of crocin against cervical carcinoma (HeLa cells): Bioassessment and toxicity evaluation of crocin in male albino rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 180:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
61
|
Mohammadzadeh L, Hosseinzadeh H, Abnous K, Razavi BM. Neuroprotective potential of crocin against malathion-induced motor deficit and neurochemical alterations in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4904-4914. [PMID: 29204935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In several epidemiological studies, an association between pesticide exposure and the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported. Increasing evidence showed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. The present study investigated the preventive effect of crocin, saffron active components, on malathion (an organophosphate pesticide (OP))-induced Parkinson-like behaviors in rat. Rats were divided into eight groups: control (normal saline), malathion (100 mg/kg/day, i.p), crocin (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day, i.p) plus malathion, levodopa (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) plus malathion, crocin (40 mg/kg/day, i.p), and PEG (vehicle of levodopa) groups. Treatments were continued for 28 days. The neurobehavioral tests which include open field, rotarod and catalepsy were performed on day 28. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), TNF-α, and IL-6 in striatum at the end of treatments were evaluated. Results showed that malathion induced neurobehavioral impairments together with elevation of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, reduction of GSH, and AChE activity. Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) improved neurobehavioral impairments induced by malathion but not AChE activity. Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) or levodopa plus malathion decreased MDA and increased GSH. Also crocin (10 mg/kg) decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in striatum. In summary, subchronic malathion exposure induced Parkinson-like behavior in rat. Crocin exhibited protective effects against malathion-induced Parkinson-like behavior through reducing lipid peroxidation, improvement of motor deficit and anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Du J, Chi Y, Song Z, Di Q, Mai Z, Shi J, Li M. Crocin reduces Aspergillus fumigatus-induced airway inflammation and NF-κB signal activation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1746-1754. [PMID: 28786504 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway inflammation and its exacerbation is often accompanied by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) infection. Increasing evidences demonstrated the potent antioxidant and -inflammatory effects of crocin. However, the role of crocin in A. fumigatus-induced inflammation is still unknown. We aimed to evaluate the role of crocin in inflammation response induced by A. fumigatus in human bronchial epithelial cells and the possible mechanisms. BEAS-2B and NHBE cells were pretreated with crocin for 24 h, and then A. fumigatus conidia were added for 24 h. A. fumigatus treatment exhibited a significant higher TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β level (P < 0.05), whereas crocin pretreatment significantly inhibited A. fumigatus induced the pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). NF-κB inhibitor PDTC inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines release triggered by A. fumigatus (P < 0.05). Furthermore, crocin suppressed A. fumigatus induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, the phosphorylation of IKKα and IκBα, the degradation of IκBα and NF-κB reporter activity. Crocin pretreatment also resulted in an inhibition of A.fumigatus-induced ROS production (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results indicate that crocin may prevent A. fumigatus-induced inflammation through suppressing NF-κB signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Chi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Qingguo Di
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Zhitao Mai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yousefsani BS, Pourahmad J, Hosseinzadeh H. The mechanism of protective effect of crocin against liver mitochondrial toxicity caused by arsenic III. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:105-114. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1368054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Acute toxicity of functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes: A biochemical, histopathologic and proteomics approach. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:196-209. [PMID: 28807745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently carbon nanotubes (CNTs) showed promising potentials in different biomedical applications but their safe use in humans and probable toxicities are still challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In this project, PEGylated and Tween functionalized SWCNTs were prepared. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into nine groups, including PEGylated SWCNTs (75,150μg/mouse) and PEG, Tween80 suspended SWCNTs, Tween 80 and a control group (intact mice). One or 7 days after intravenous injection, the mice were killed and serum and livers were collected. The oxidative stress markers, biochemical and histopathological changes were studied. Subsequently, proteomics approach was used to investigate the alterations of protein expression profiles in the liver. Results showed that there were not any significant differences in malondealdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and biochemical enzymes (ALT and AST) between groups, while the histopathological observations of livers showed some injuries. The results of proteomics analysis revealed indolethylamine N-Methyltransferase (INMT), glycine N-Methyltransferase (GNMT), selenium binding protein (Selenbp), thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx), TNF receptor associated protein 1(Trap1), peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6), electron transport flavoprotein (Etf-α), regucalcin (Rgn) and ATP5b proteins were differentially expressed in functionalized SWCNTs groups. Western blot analyses confirmed that the changes in Prdx6 were consistent with 2-DE gel analysis. In summary, acute toxicological study on two functionalized SWCNTs did not show any significant toxicity at selected doses. Proteomics analysis also showed that following exposure to functionalized SWCNTs, the expression of some proteins with antioxidant activity and detoxifying properties were increased in liver tissue.
Collapse
|
65
|
Rameshrad M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron and its derivatives, crocin, crocetin and safranal: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 28:147-165. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1355909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Nurulain SM, Shafiullah M, Yasin J, Adem A, Kaabi JA, Tariq S, Adeghate E, Ojha S. Terbufos-sulfone exacerbates cardiac lesions in diabetic rats: a sub-acute toxicity study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 67:126-35. [PMID: 27331300 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have a wide range of applications, from agriculture to warfare. Exposure to these brings forward a varied kind of health issues globally. Terbufos is one of the leading OPCs used worldwide. The present study investigates the cardiac effect of no observable dose of a metabolite of terbufos, terbufos-sulfone (TS), under non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic condition. One hundred nanomoles per rat (1/20 of LD50) was administered intraperitoneally to adult male Wister rats daily for fifteen days. The left ventricle was collected for ultrastructural changes by transmission electron microscopy. The blood samples were collected for biochemical tests including RBC acetylcholinesterase, creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, ALT, AST, and GGT. The study revealed about 10 % inhibition of RBC-AChE in two weeks of TS treatment in non-diabetic rats whereas RBC-AChE activity was significantly decreased in diabetic TS treated rats. CK, LDH, and triglycerides were significantly higher in diabetic TS treated rats. Electron microscopy of the heart showed derangement and lesions of the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes in the TS treated groups. The present study concludes that a non-lethal dose of TS causes cardiac lesions which exacerbate under diabetic condition. Biochemical tests confirmed the ultrastructural changes. It is concluded that a non-lethal dose of TS may be a risk factor for a cardiovascular disease, which may be fatal under diabetic condition.
Collapse
|
67
|
Broadhead GK, Chang A, Grigg J, McCluskey P. Efficacy and Safety of Saffron Supplementation: Current Clinical Findings. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2767-76. [PMID: 25875654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.879467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus savitus) is a Middle-Eastern herb with strong antioxidant properties. Its major constituents, safranal, crocin, and crocetin, are also antioxidants and bear structural similarities to other well-known natural antixodant substances, such as zeaxanthin. Given the role of oxidative stress in many diseases, considerable interest has been shown into the potential role of saffron supplementation as a treatment for a range of diseases. In vitro and animal studies have provided evidence that saffron and its constituents may be potent therapies for a range of pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiac ischemia. Whether these findings translate into clinical efficacy, however, has as of yet been incompletely assessed. This makes assessing the role of saffron supplementation in these diseases difficult. Here, we review the current human clinical evidence supporting saffron supplementation as a treatment for a range of pathologies and the underlying science supporting its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G K Broadhead
- a Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - A Chang
- a Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - J Grigg
- a Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - P McCluskey
- a Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Ji A, Jia J, Xu Z, Li Y, Bi W, Ren F, He C, Liu J, Hu K, Song J. Transcriptome-Guided Mining of Genes Involved in Crocin Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:518. [PMID: 28443112 PMCID: PMC5387100 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides is used in traditional Chinese medicine and has drawn attention as a rich source of crocin, a compound with reported activity against various cancers, depression and cardiovascular disease. However, genetic information on the crocin biosynthetic pathway of G. jasminoides is scarce. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the leaves, green fruits, and red fruits of G. jasminoides to identify and predict the genes that encode key enzymes responsible for crocin production, compared with Crocus sativus. Twenty-seven putative pathway genes were specifically expressed in the fruits, consistent with the distribution of crocin in G. jasminoides. Twenty-four of these genes were reported for the first time, and a novel CCD4a gene was predicted that encodes carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase leading to crocin synthesis, in contrast to CCD2 of C. sativus. In addition, 6 other candidate genes (ALDH12, ALDH14, UGT94U1, UGT86D1, UGT71H4, and UGT85K18) were predicted to be involved in crocin biosynthesis following phylogenetic analysis and different gene expression profiles. Identifying the genes that encode key enzymes should help elucidate the crocin biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aijia Ji
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Wu Bi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Fengming Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant CultivationChongqing, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant CultivationChongqing, China
| | - Kaizhi Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant CultivationChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Kaizhi Hu
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant CultivationChongqing, China
- Jingyuan Song
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Rameshrad M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of green tea and its main constituents against natural and chemical toxins: A comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:115-137. [PMID: 27915048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxins are natural or chemical poisonous substances with severe side effects on health. Humans are generally exposed by widespread toxic contaminations via air, soil, water, food, fruits and vegetables. Determining a critical antidote agent with extensive effects on different toxins is an ultimate goal for all toxicologists. Traditional medicine is currently perceived as a safe and natural approach against toxins. In this regard, we focused on the protective effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and its main components such as catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate as a principal source of antioxidants against both natural and chemical toxins. This literate review demonstrates that protective effects of green tea and its constituents were mainly attributed to their anti-oxidative, radical scavenging, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties and modulating inflammatory responses. Although, some studies reveal they have protective effects by increasing toxin metabolism and neutralizing PLA2, proteases, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Shahi T, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Main chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of stigmas and tepals of ‘red gold’; saffron. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
71
|
Biosensors and their applications in detection of organophosphorus pesticides in the environment. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:109-130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
72
|
Ben Salem I, Boussabbeh M, Prola A, Guilbert A, Bacha H, Lemaire C, Abid-Essefi S. Crocin protects human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) from α- and β-Zearalenol-induced ER stress and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15504-15514. [PMID: 27121014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) are the major metabolites of Zearalenone (ZEN) and are known to induce many toxic effects. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in α- and β-ZOL-mediated toxicity in human kidney cells (HEK293) and evaluated the effect of a common dietary compound Crocin (CRO), from saffron. We show that α- and β-ZOL treatment induces ER stress as evidenced by the upregulation of the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and the Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD34). Activation of the ER stress response is associated with activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This apoptotic process is characterized by an increase in ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and activation of caspases. We also demonstrate that the antioxidant properties of CRO help to prevent ER stress and reduce α- and β-ZOL-induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Our results suggest that saffron consumption might be helpful to prevent α- and β-ZOL-induced ER stress and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Intidhar Ben Salem
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Boussabbeh
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Lemaire
- INSERM UMR-S 769, LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Ben Salem I, Boussabbeh M, Kantaoui H, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, mitigates dichlorvos-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
74
|
Bagherpour Shamloo H, Golkari S, Faghfoori Z, Movassaghpour A, Lotfi H, Barzegari A, Yari Khosroushahi A. Lactobacillus Casei Decreases Organophosphorus Pesticide Diazinon Cytotoxicity in Human HUVEC Cell Line. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:201-10. [PMID: 27478782 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to diazinon can trigger acute and chronic toxicity and significantly induces DNA damage and proapoptotic effects in different human cells. Due to the significance of probiotic bacteria antitoxin effect, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei on diazinon (DZN) cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. METHODS The cytotoxicity assessments were performed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining and flow cytometric methodologies. RESULTS Cytotoxic assessments through flow cytometry/ DAPI staining demonstrated that apoptosis is the main cytotoxic mechanism of diazinon in HUVEC cells and L. casei could decrease the diazinon cytotoxic effects on toxicants. CONCLUSION the screen of total bacterial secreted metabolites can be considered as a wealthy source to find the new active compounds to introduce as reducing agricultural remained pesticide cytotoxicity effects on the human food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bagherpour Shamloo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
| | - Saber Golkari
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- Tuberculosis & Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Razmaraii N, Babaei H, Mohajjel Nayebi A, Assadnassab G, Ashrafi Helan J, Azarmi Y. Crocin treatment prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Life Sci 2016; 157:145-151. [PMID: 27297631 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity is well-known as a serious complication of chemotherapy in patients with cancer. It is unknown whether crocin (CRO), main component of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron), could reduce the severity of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the protective impact of CRO on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The rats were divided into four groups: control, DOX (2mg/kg/48h, for 12days), and CRO groups that receiving DOX as in group 2 and CRO (20 and 40mg/kg/24h, for 20days) starting 4days prior to first DOX injection and throughout the study. Echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic studies, along with histopathological examination and MTT test were carried out. Our findings demonstrate that DOX resulted in cardiotoxicity manifested by decreased the left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic pressures, rate of rise/drop of LV pressure, ejection fraction, fractional shortening and contractility index, as compared to control group. In addition, histopathological analysis of heart confirmed adverse structural changes in myocardial cells following DOX administration. The results also showed that CRO treatment significantly improved DOX-induced heart damage, structural changes in the myocardium and ventricular function. In addition, CRO did not affect the in vitro antitumor activity of DOX. Taken together, our data confirm that CRO is protective against cardiovascular-related disorders produced by DOX, and clinical studies are needed to examine these findings in human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Razmaraii
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614756, Iran
| | - Hossein Babaei
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran.
| | | | - Gholamreza Assadnassab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz 5157944533, Iran
| | - Javad Ashrafi Helan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166617564, Iran
| | - Yadollah Azarmi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Ajibade TO, Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Asenuga ER, Afolabi JM, Adedapo AA. Mitigation of diazinon-induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunction by gallic acid. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 9:66-77. [PMID: 28652848 PMCID: PMC5458106 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the link between environmental pollutants and cardiovascular dysfunction, neglected for decades, have recently provided new insights into the pathology and consequences of these killers. In this study, rats were divided into four groups, each containing 10 rats. The rats in group one served as controls and were administered normal saline, whereas the rats in group two were orally gavaged with 3 mg/kg of diazinon (DZN) alone for twenty one consecutive days. The rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered respective 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg gallic acid (GA) in addition to DZN for twenty one consecutive days. Exposure of rats to diazinon significantly (p<0.05) reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were also significantly (p<0.05) elevated following DZN exposure. DZN further caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease of heart rate and QT interval prolongation. Hematologic analysis revealed significant reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, and total white blood cell count of rats administered only DZN. Observations in this study suggest a modulatory role of gallic acid in diazinon-induced anemia and associated cardiovascular dysfunction in rats. Treatment with gallic acid reversed the oxidative stress markers studied, increased the antioxidant defence system and reduced deleterious effects on hematological parameters in rats. Pathologic findings of the heart and kidney were also found to be lessened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Belguesmi F, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Abid-Essefi S, Bacha H. Crocin protects the liver and kidney from patulin-induced apoptosis in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9799-9808. [PMID: 26856859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Bissochlamys. Given the high risk associated with this mycotoxin, its potential effects have been investigated by many studies. It is known to be teratogenic, mutagenic, and genotoxic, and it has been shown to induce damages in several organs in experimental animals. Our aim was to investigate the preventive effect against PAT-induced apoptosis in vivo using natural carotenoid, Crocin (CRO). Mice were divided into six groups: a control group, a "PAT alone" group, a "CRO alone" group, and a "PAT plus CRO" groups (pre-treatment conditions). Our results showed that CRO restored the normal levels of biochemical parameters in the liver and kidney. The analysis of the protein expression in these organs revealed that PAT-induced toxicity promotes the induction of apoptosis via the increase in P53, Bax, and cytochrome C and the decrease in Bcl2 expressions. We also found that PAT triggered caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation. However, pre-treatment with CRO demonstrated a reduction in the induction of apoptosis via the regulation of all tested biomarkers demonstrating that CRO is effective in the protection against PAT hazards. This could be relevant, particularly with the emergent demand for natural products which may counteract the detrimental toxic effects and therefore prevents multiple human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Boussabbeh
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faicel Belguesmi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fadwa Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monaster, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monaster, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Belguesmi F, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. Tissue oxidative stress induced by patulin and protective effect of crocin. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:343-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
79
|
Crocin protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats through down-regulation of inflammatory and apoptic pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 247:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
80
|
Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Hamdi M, Ben Fradj S, Abid-Essefi S, Bacha H. Diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, induces oxidative stress and genotoxicity in cells deriving from large intestine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2882-2889. [PMID: 26490884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZ) (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]phosphorothioate) is an organophosphate pesticide which is extensively used to control household insects and fruit and vegetable crops. The exposure to this pesticide has been linked to the development of the serious problem in several experimental animals. The contamination of food by DZ may increase its danger to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of DZ on intestine using an in vitro model (HCT116). Therefore, we evaluated the cell viability, elucidated the generation of free radicals, measured the mitochondrial membrane potential, and valued DNA fragmentation. Our results showed that DZ is cytotoxic to HCT116. It causes oxidative damage through the generation of free radicals and induces lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. We also demonstrated that such effects can be responsible for DZ-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
|
81
|
Abdel-Daim MM, Taha R, Ghazy EW, El-Sayed YS. Synergistic ameliorative effects of sesame oil and alpha-lipoic acid against subacute diazinon toxicity in rats: hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant studies. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:81-8. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is a common organophosphorus insecticide extensively used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. DZN toxicity is not limited to insects; it also induces harmful effects in mammals and birds. Our experiment evaluated the protective and antioxidant potential of sesame oil (SO) and (or) alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) against DZN toxicity in male Wistar albino rats. DZN-treated animals exhibited macrocytic hypochromic anemia and significant increases in serum biochemical parameters related to liver injury, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (γGT), cholesterol, and triglycerides. They also had elevated levels of markers related to cardiac injury, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and increased biomarkers of renal injury, urea and creatinine. DZN also increased hepatic, renal, and cardiac lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant biomarker levels. SO and (or) ALA supplementation ameliorated the deleterious effects of DZN intoxication. Treatment improved hematology and serum parameters, enhanced endogenous antioxidant status, and reduced lipid peroxidation. Importantly, they exerted synergistic hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Our findings demonstrate that SO and (or) ALA supplementation can alleviate the toxic effects of DZN via their potent antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Taha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Emad W. Ghazy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Yasser S. El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Song P, Xia J, Rezeng C, Tong L, Tang W. Traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine: Focusing on research into traditional Tibetan medicine in China. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:163-70. [PMID: 27301588 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Song
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jufeng Xia
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Caidan Rezeng
- The Research Center of Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Medicine College, Qinghai University
| | - Li Tong
- The Research Center of Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Medicine College, Qinghai University
| | - Wei Tang
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Mehrnia MA, Jafari SM, Makhmal-Zadeh BS, Maghsoudlou Y. Crocin loaded nano-emulsions: Factors affecting emulsion properties in spontaneous emulsification. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 84:261-7. [PMID: 26708427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous emulsification may be used for encapsulating bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical industry. It has several advantages over high energy and other low energy methods including, protecting sensitive compounds against severe conditions of high energy method and its ability to minimize surfactant, removal of cosurfactant and thermal stability compared with other low energy methods. In this study, we examined possibility of encapsulating highly soluble crocin in W/O micro-emulsions using spontaneous method which further could be used for making double emulsions. Nonionic surfactants of Span 80 and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) were used for making micro-emulsions that showed the high potential of PGPR for spontaneous method. Surfactant to water ratio (SWR%) was evaluated to find the highest amount of aqueous phase which can be dispersed in organic phase. Droplet size decreased by increasing SWR toward the SWR=100% which had the smallest droplet size and then increased at higher levels of surfactant. By increasing SWR, shear viscosity increased which showed the high effect of PGPR on rheological properties. This study shows in addition to W/O micro-emulsions, spontaneous method could be used for preparing stable O/W micro-emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Amin Mehrnia
- Faculty of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid-Mahdi Jafari
- Faculty of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Cereals Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Behzad S Makhmal-Zadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yahya Maghsoudlou
- Faculty of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Salem IB, Boussabbeh M, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Abid-Essefi S, Bacha H. Zearalenone-induced changes in biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiac tissue. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:623-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115597467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin from Fusarium species commonly found in food commodities and is known to cause reproductive disorders. Several in vivo studies have shown that ZEN is haematotoxic and hepatotoxic and causes several alterations of immunological parameters. Meantime, the available information on the cardiotoxic effects of ZEN is very much limited. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effects of ZEN in heart tissues of Balb/c mice. We demonstrated that ZEN (40 mg kg−1 body weight (b.w.)) increased creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and induced oxidative stress as monitored by measuring the malondialdehyde level, the generation of protein carbonyls, the catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and the expression of the heat shock proteins (Hsp 70). We also demonstrated that acute administration of ZEN triggers apoptosis in cardiac tissue. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of crocin (CRO), a natural carotenoid, to prevent ZEN-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. In fact, combined treatment of ZEN with different doses of CRO (50, 100, and 250 mg kg−1 b.w.) showed a significant reduction of ZEN-induced toxicity for all tested markers in a dose-dependent manner. It could be concluded that CRO was effective in the protection against ZEN-induced toxicity in cardiac tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ben Salem
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - M Boussabbeh
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - F Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - MF Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Bendavia, a mitochondria-targeting peptide, improves postinfarction cardiac function, prevents adverse left ventricular remodeling, and restores mitochondria-related gene expression in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:543-53. [PMID: 25165999 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AB We evaluated the post-myocardial infarction (MI) therapeutic effects of Bendavia. Two hours after coronary artery ligation, rats were randomized to receive chronic Bendavia treatment (n = 28) or water (n = 26). Six weeks later, Bendavia significantly reduced scar circumference (39.7% +/- 2.2%) compared with water treatment (47.4% +/- 0.03%, P = 0.024) and reduced left ventricular (LV) volume by 8.9% (P = 0.019). LV fractional shortening was significantly improved by Bendavia (28.8% +/- 1.7%) compared with water treatment (23.8% +/- 1.8%, P = 0.047). LV ejection fraction was higher with Bendavia (55.3% +/- 1.4%) than water treatment (49.3% +/- 1.4%, P = 0.005). Apoptosis, within the MI border zone, was significantly less in the Bendavia group (32% +/- 3%, n = 12) compared with the water group (41% +/- 2%, n = 12; P = 0.029). Bendavia reversed mitochondrial function-related gene expression in the MI border, which was largely reduced in water-treated rats. Bendavia improved complex-I and -IV activity, and reduced production of reactive oxygen species and cytosolic cytochrome c level in the peri-infarcted region. Bendavia improved post-MI cardiac function, prevented infarct expansion and adverse LV remodeling, and restored mitochondria-related gene expression, complex-I and -IV activity, and reduced reactive oxygen species and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the noninfarcted MI border.
Collapse
|
86
|
Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. Crocin Prevents Patulin-Induced Acute Toxicity in Cardiac Tissues via the Regulation of Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:479-488. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Boussabbeh
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds; Faculty of Dental Medicine; Rue Avicenne Monastir 5019 Tunisia
- Faculty of Science of Bizerte; University of Carthage; Tunisia
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds; Faculty of Dental Medicine; Rue Avicenne Monastir 5019 Tunisia
- Faculty of Science of Bizerte; University of Carthage; Tunisia
| | - Fadwa Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology; Monastir University Hospital; Tunisia
| | | | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds; Faculty of Dental Medicine; Rue Avicenne Monastir 5019 Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds; Faculty of Dental Medicine; Rue Avicenne Monastir 5019 Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:31. [PMID: 25928729 PMCID: PMC4418072 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus) is an extensively used food additive for its color and taste. Since ancient times this plant has been introduced as a marvelous medicine throughout the world. The wide spectrum of saffron pharmacological activities is related to its major constituents including crocin, crocetin and safranal. Based on several studies, saffron and its active ingredients have been used as an antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive, antidepressant, antitussive, anticonvulsant, memory enhancer, hypotensive and anticancer. According to the literatures, saffron has remarkable therapeutic effects. The protective effects of saffron and its main constituents in different tissues including brain, heart, liver, kidney and lung have been reported against some toxic materials either natural or chemical toxins in animal studies. In this review article, we have summarized different in vitro and animal studies in scientific databases which investigate the antidotal and protective effects of saffron and its major components against natural toxins and chemical-induced toxicities. Due to the lake of human studies, further investigations are required to ascertain the efficacy of saffron as an antidote or a protective agent in human intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
El-Maraghy SA, Rizk SM, Shahin NN. Gastroprotective effect of crocin in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 229:26-35. [PMID: 25637687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the gastroprotective effect of crocin in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Rats were allocated into a normal group, an ulcer group, a crocin-treated group, an ulcer group pretreated with crocin, and an ulcer group pretreated with omeprazole as a reference anti-ulcer drug. Rats were sacrificed 3h after ethanol administration. Prophylactic administration of crocin (50mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 3 consecutive days before the administration of 70% ethanol (10 ml/kg, orally) resulted in significant gastroprotection compared to ethanol-ulcerated rats as manifested by significant reduction in the gastric ulcer index. Crocin pretreatment increased ethanol-lowered levels of gastric juice mucin and mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, crocin significantly decreased ethanol-elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level, myeloperoxidase activity and heat shock protein 70 mRNA and protein levels. It also restored ethanol-altered mucosal levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, crocin-pretreatment alleviated ethanol-induced mucosal apoptosis as revealed by significant down-regulation of cytochrome c and caspase-3 mRNA expression, significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and mitigated DNA fragmentation as indicated by significant decrements in comet parameters. The protective efficacy of crocin was further supported by histological assessment. No significant difference was observed between crocin and omeprazole (20mg/kg orally 1h before ethanol administration) regarding their mucin-secretagogue and antioxidant effects, as well as their effects on TNF-α, IL-6 and cytochrome c. On the other hand, omeprazole was superior in enhancing PGE2 level and in alleviating neutrophil infiltration, caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Conclusively, crocin protects rat gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced injury via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and mucin-secretagogue mechanisms that are probably mediated by enhanced PGE2 release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sherine M Rizk
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Shahin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Effect of grapeseed oil on diazinon-induced physiological and histopathological alterations in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:284-92. [PMID: 25972749 PMCID: PMC4423718 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution of environment by toxic chemicals is a global and chronic problem. Human health risk due to exposure to chemical pollutants is constantly increasing. Pesticides form major toxic chemicals in environment. Scientifically, there is an obviously correlation between the exposure to pesticides and appearance of many diseases. Currently, the significance of natural products for health and medicine has been formidable. The present study investigated the effect of grapeseed oil in male rats exposed to diazinon. The experimental rats were divided into five groups. The rats of the first group were served as control. The experimental animals of the second group were exposed to diazinon (DZN). The animals of the third group were supplemented with grapeseed oil and treated with DZN. The rats of the fourth group were supplemented with grapeseed oil. The experimental rats of the fifth group were supplemented with corn oil. Hematobiochemical and histopathological evaluations were chosen as indicators of DZN toxicity and protective role of grapeseed oil. In rats exposed only to DZN, the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically increased, while the level of serum total protein was significantly decreased. Moreover, the histopathological evaluations of the liver, kidney and testis showed that DZN causes several severe alterations. Pretreatment with grapeseed oil exhibited a protective role against DZN toxicity which confirmed by the inhibition of hematobiochemical and histopathological changes due to DZN exposure. Additionally, the present study suggests that the effect of grapeseed oil supplementation against DZN toxicity may be attributed to the antioxidant role of its constituents.
Collapse
|
90
|
Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H, Abnous K, Khoei A, Imenshahidi M. Protective effect of crocin against apoptosis induced by subchronic exposure of the rat vascular system to diazinon. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1237-45. [PMID: 27353299 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714554941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research has suggested that natural antioxidant, crocin, an active ingredient of saffron, may protect against diazinon (DZN)-induced toxicity. Although increased production of lipid peroxidation by DZN in rat aorta has been shown previously, the effects of DZN on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in vascular system have not been evaluated. In this study, the effect of crocin on DZN-induced apoptosis in rat vascular system was investigated. The rats were divided into 7 groups: corn oil (control), DZN (15 mg/kg/day, gavage), crocin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) + DZN, vitamin E (200 IU/kg, i.p., 3 days a week) + DZN, and crocin (50 mg/kg/day, i.p.). The treatments were continued for 4 weeks. Levels of apoptotic (Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl2) were analyzed by Western blotting. Transcript levels of Bax and Bcl2 genes were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results showed DZN-induced apoptosis by activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 and by increasing the Bax/Bcl2 ratio (both protein and messenger RNA levels). Crocin and vitamin E inhibited apoptosis induced by DZN. In summary, subchronic exposure to DZN induced caspase-mediated apoptosis, and crocin reduced the toxic effects of DZN by inhibiting apoptosis in aortic tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Khoei
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Lopresti AL, Drummond PD. Saffron (Crocus sativus) for depression: a systematic review of clinical studies and examination of underlying antidepressant mechanisms of action. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:517-27. [PMID: 25384672 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saffron, a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, has now undergone several trials examining its antidepressant effects and, in a recent meta-analysis, was confirmed to be effective for the treatment of major depression. OBJECTIVE To provide an expanded systematic analysis of the completed clinical studies on saffron and depression, detailing dosages, extract sources, standardisations, safety profile and treatment duration; and, through a narrative review, to examine its potential antidepressant mechanisms of action. DESIGN In the systematic review of clinical trials, electronic databases were searched for high-quality, randomised, double-blind studies, with placebo or antidepressant controls. A narrative review of in vivo and in vitro studies was conducted to examine its potential antidepressant mechanisms of action. RESULTS In the systematic review, six studies were identified. In the placebo-comparison trials, saffron had large treatment effects and, when compared with antidepressant medications, had similar antidepressant efficacy. Saffron's antidepressant effects potentially are due to its serotonergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro-endocrine and neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Research conducted so far provides initial support for the use of saffron for the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression. Further research is required to expand our understanding of the role and actions of saffron in major depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Mehri S, Karami HV, Hassani FV, Hosseinzadeh H. Chrysin reduced acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo assessments. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 18:101-6. [PMID: 24518551 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1291.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrylamide (ACR) is a well-known industrial toxic chemical that produces neurotoxicity, which is characterized by progressive central and peripheral neuronal degeneration. Chrysin is a natural, biologically active flavonoid compound, which is commonly found in many plants. The antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of chrysin have been demonstrated. METHODS In this study, the possible effect of chrysin on ACR-induced toxicity was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. PC12 cells were used as a suitable in vitro model. Cells were exposed to chrysin (0.5-5 µM) for 12 and 24 h, and then ACR in IC50 concentration was added to the cells. Finally, cell viability was determined using (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay. For in vivo assay, Wistar rats were treated with ACR (50 mg/kg i.p. for 11 days) alone or in combination with chrysin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg). At the end of treatment, behavioral index was evaluated. RESULTS ACR decreased cell viability and pre-treatment with chrysin (0.5-5 µM) significantly decreased ACR-induced cytotoxicity in the time- and dose-dependent manner. In Wistar rats, exposure to ACR significantly induced severe gait abnormalities, but treatment with chrysin (50 mg/kg) reduced ACR-induced neurotoxicity in animals. CONCLUSION In the current study, chrysin exhibited neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells as an in vitro model and also on Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Dept. of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Veis Karami
- Dept. of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Dept. of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Dept. of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Abdel-Daim MM. Synergistic protective role of ceftriaxone and ascorbic acid against subacute diazinon-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:279-89. [PMID: 25150555 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is a synthetic organophosphrus acaricide and insecticide widely used for veterinary and agricultural purposes. However, its animal and human exposure leads to nephrotoxicity. Our experimental objective was to evaluate protective effects of ceftriaxone and/or ascorbic acid-vitamin C against DZN-induced renal injury in male Wistar albino rats. DZN-treated animals revealed significant elevation in serum biochemical parameters related to renal injury: urea, uric acid and creatinine. DZN intoxication significantly increased renal lipid peroxidation, and significant inhibition in antioxidant biomarkers including, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity. In addition, DZN significantly reduced serum acetylcholinestrase level. Moreover, It induced serum and kidney tumor necrosis factor-α level. Both ceftriaxone and vitamin C protect against DZN-induced serum as well as renal tissue biochemical parameters when used alone or in combination along with DZN-intoxication. Furthermore, both ceftriaxone and vitamin C produced synergetic nephroprotective and antioxidant effects. Therefore, it could be concluded that ceftriaxone and/or vitamin C administration are able to minimize the toxic effects of DZN by its free radical-scavenging and potent antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Lari P, Rashedinia M, Abnous K, Hosseinzadeh H. Alteration of protein profile in rat liver of animals exposed to subacute diazinon: A proteomic approach. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1419-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Lari
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Hosseinzadeh H, Mehri S, Heshmati A, Ramezani M, Sahebkar A, Abnous K. Proteomic screening of molecular targets of crocin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:5. [PMID: 24393168 PMCID: PMC3922837 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-22-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional drug discovery approaches are mainly relied on the observed phenotypic changes following administration of a plant extract, drug candidate or natural product. Recently, target-based approaches are becoming more popular. The present study aimed to identify the cellular targets of crocin, the bioactive dietary carotenoid present in saffron, using an affinity-based method. Methods Heart, kidney and brain tissues of BALB/c mice were homogenized and extracted for the experiments. Target deconvolution was carried out by first passing cell lysate through an affinity column prepared by covalently attaching crocin to agarose beads. Isolated proteins were separated on a 2D gel, trypsinized in situ and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. MASCOT search engine was used to analyze Mass Data. Results Part of proteome that physically interacts with crocin was found to consist of beta-actin-like protein 2, cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, ATP synthase subunit beta, tubulin beta-3 chain, tubulin beta-6 chain, 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha, V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunitA, 60 kDa heat shock protein, creatine kinase b-type, peroxiredoxin-2, cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, acetyl-coA acetyltransferase, cytochrome c1, proteasome subunit alpha type-6 and proteasome subunit alpha type-4. Conclusion The present findings revealed that crocin physically binds to a wide range of cellular proteins such as structural proteins, membrane transporters, and enzymes involved in ATP and redox homeostasis and signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 91775-1365 Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Carbofuran Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Heart: Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/824102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbofuran on the levels of certain biomarkers in heart of rat exposed to sublethal concentrations of pesticide for 30 days after each interval of 24 h. The ameliorative effect of vitamin C by pretreatment of rats was also monitored. The results indicated that the activities of acetylcholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased significantly in rat heart tissues, the extent of inhibition being concentration dependent. In contrast, the level of LDH increased in serum. The levels of malondialdehyde, total thiols, and glutathione were significantly elevated whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase were remarkably decreased in rat heart tissues. The serum concentrations of cholesterol increased by 47 and 77% and high density lipids decreased by 35 and 64%, respectively, due to exposure to 5 and 10% LD50 of carbofuran. The prior treatment of rats with vitamin C (100 mg kg−1 body weight) exerted significant ameliorative effect. The recovery was higher at low carbofuran concentration (5%) tested. The results indicated that carbofuran induced oxidative stress and caused damage to cardiac tissues, which could be recovered by prior application of vitamin C.
Collapse
|
97
|
Finsterer J, Ohnsorge P. Influence of mitochondrion-toxic agents on the cardiovascular system. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 67:434-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
98
|
Khanna D, Banewal L, Mehan S. Spices, Fruits, Nuts and Vitamins: Preventive Interventions for Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.553.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|