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Narayanaperumal J, D'souza A, Miriyala A, Sharma B, Gopal G. A randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial for the evaluation of green coffee extract on immune health in healthy adults. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:455-465. [PMID: 36081816 PMCID: PMC9446042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system functions to protect the host from a broad array of infectious diseases. Here, we evaluated the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of green coffee extract (GCE), and conducted a double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled trial among apparently healthy individuals. Methods We determined the levels and functions of inflammatory and immune markers viz., phospho-NF-κB p65 ser536, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, TH1/TH2 cytokines and IgG production. We also evaluated several immunological markers such as total leukocyte counts, differential leukocyte counts, NK cell activity, CD4/CD8 ratio, serum immunoglobulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). Results and conclusion GCE significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB p65 ser536 phosphorylation, MCP-1-induced chemotaxis and significantly enhanced phagocytosis and IgG production. In addition, GCE modulated PMA/PHA-induced TH1/TH2 cytokine production. Clinical investigations suggested that the expression of CD56 and CD16 was markedly augmented on NK cells following GCE treatment. GCE significantly enhanced IgA production before and after influenza vaccination. Similarly, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP levels were significantly inhibited by GCE. Together, GCE confers several salubrious immunomodulatory effects at different levels attributing to optimal functioning of immune responses in the host. Taxonomy Cell biology, Clinical study, Clinical Trial. GCE showed an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the NF-κB phosphorylation. GCE enhances innate immune response by activating NK cells and phagocytosis. GCE is an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaparthasarathy Narayanaperumal
- ITC Limited - Corporate Division, Life Sciences & Technology Centre, #3, 1st Main, Peenya Industrial Area, Phase I, Bangalore, 560 058, India
| | - Avin D'souza
- ITC Limited - Corporate Division, Life Sciences & Technology Centre, #3, 1st Main, Peenya Industrial Area, Phase I, Bangalore, 560 058, India
| | - Amarnath Miriyala
- ITC Limited - Corporate Division, Life Sciences & Technology Centre, #3, 1st Main, Peenya Industrial Area, Phase I, Bangalore, 560 058, India
| | - Bhavna Sharma
- ITC Limited - Foods Division, ITC Green Centre, No. 18 Banaswadi, Main Road, Maruthiseva Nagar, Bangalore, 560 005, India
| | - Ganesh Gopal
- ITC Limited - Corporate Division, Life Sciences & Technology Centre, #3, 1st Main, Peenya Industrial Area, Phase I, Bangalore, 560 058, India
- Corresponding author.
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Crocin Improves Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress via Downregulating the Nox-4 in Myocardium of Diabetic Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:275-285. [PMID: 34981484 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in the diabetic milieu. Crocin is a natural compound that acts as an antioxidant which could potentially ameliorate oxidative damages in various tissues. The potential role of crocin in the myocardial tissue is not clear yet. This study was aimed to evaluate the possible antioxidative properties of crocin in the myocardium of diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal, normal-treated, diabetic, and diabetic-treated. Diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of STZ (40 mg/kg). Two treated groups of animals (diabetic and non-diabetic) were treated with crocin daily for 8 weeks (40 mg/kg/IP). At the end of day 56, animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, and blood and tissue samples were collected. After tissue preparation, the level of nitrate, malondialdehyde, and glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes were measured via standard protocols. In addition, the level of Nox-4 mRNA expression was examined by RT-PCR method. The data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA, and P < 0.05 was considered as a significant difference. RESULTS Diabetes induces oxidative damages by upregulating the Nox-4 enzyme and increasing nitrate and malondialdehyde levels in the myocardium. Diabetes reduced the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities in the myocardial tissues. Treatment with crocin reversed these changes, reduced Nox-4 mRNA expression, and reduced the nitrate and malondialdehyde content in the myocardium of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Diabetes induces oxidative stress in myocardium via the upregulating Nox-4 enzyme, and the treatment with crocin reversed these changes. Thus, crocin could be considered as a novel agent for potentially protecting myocardial tissues against diabetes-induced oxidative damages.
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Phytochemicals targeting JAK/STAT pathway in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Is there a future? Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Khalaf MM, Hassanein EHM, Shalkami AGS, Hemeida RAM, Mohamed WR. Diallyl Disulfide Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Injury, Inflammation and Apoptosis and Enhances its Anti-Tumor Activity. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022; 15:213-226. [PMID: 34042041 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210525153111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is used potently for a wide range of diseases. However, hepatic intoxication by MTX hinders its clinical use. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to investigate the diallyl disulfide (DADS) ability to ameliorate MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, DADS (50 mg/kg/day, orally), MTX (single i.p. injection of 20 mg/kg) and DADS+MTX. Liver function biomarkers, histopathological examinations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis biomarkers were investigated. Besides, an in vitro cytotoxic activity study was conducted to explore the modulatory effects of DADS on MTX cytotoxic activity using Caco-2, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells. RESULTS DADS significantly reduced the increased serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH. These results were confirmed by the alleviation of liver histopathological changes. It restored the decreased GSH content and SOD activity, while significantly decreased MTX-induced elevations in both MDA and NO2 - contents. The hepatoprotective effects were mechanistically mediated through the up-regulation of hepatic Nrf-2 and the down-regulation of Keap-1, P38MAPK, and NF- κB expression levels. In addition, an increase in Bcl-2 level with a decrease in the expression of both Bax and caspase-3 was observed. The in vitro study showed that DADS increased MTX antitumor efficacy. CONCLUSION DADS potently alleviated MTX-induced hepatotoxicity through the modulation of Keap-1/Nrf-2, P38MAPK/NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways and effectively enhanced the MTX cytotoxic effects, which could be promising for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef,Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut,Egypt
| | - Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut,Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut,Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef,Egypt
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Maciel G, Lopes AA, Cantrell CL, de Castro França S, Bertoni BW, Lourenço MV. Jasmonates promote enhanced production of bioactive caffeoylquinic acid derivative in Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. hairy roots. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2022; 149:363-369. [PMID: 34840370 PMCID: PMC8606271 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-021-02201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. is widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of hepatitis, poisoning from snake bites and viral infections. Pharmacological studies confirmed its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The efficacy of E. prostrata (L.) L. extracts has been correlated to phenylpropanoids such as flavonoids, coumestans and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. In this work, the production of wedelolactone, demethylwedelolactone and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA) in hairy root cultures of E. prostrata (L.) L. C19 clone was increased after addition of eliciting agents jasmonic acid (JA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at multiple concentrations. Cultures elicited with 100 μM of JA saw a 5.2 fold increase in wedelolactone (from 0.72 to 3.72 mg/g d.w.), a 1.6 fold increase in demethylwedelolactone (from 5.54 to 9.04 mg/g d.w.) and a 2.47 fold increase in 3,5-diCQA (from 18.08 to 44.71 mg/g d.w.). Obtained data validate the potential of E. prostrata (L.) L. hairy root cultures as a production system of wedelolactone, demethylwedelolactone and especially 3,5-diCQA, which has recently been reported to possess activity against coronavirus disease (Covid-19) by in silico computational studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-021-02201-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geveraldo Maciel
- Biotechnology Unit, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900 Brazil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Lopes
- Biotechnology Unit, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900 Brazil
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), University, Oxford, MS 38655 USA
| | - Suzelei de Castro França
- Biotechnology Unit, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900 Brazil
| | - Bianca Waleria Bertoni
- Biotechnology Unit, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900 Brazil
| | - Miriam Verginia Lourenço
- Biotechnology Unit, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900 Brazil
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Diosmin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Hepatic Inflammation and Apoptosis via NfkB and MAPK Pathway: A Preclinical Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121998. [PMID: 34943101 PMCID: PMC8698866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin) is of critical concern in cancer therapy. This study focused on investigating the modulatory effects of diosmin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I was served as control, Group II was treated with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.), Group III was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and low-dose diosmin (100 mg/kg orally), and Group IV was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and high-dose diosmin (200 mg/kg orally) supplementation. A single dose of doxorubicin (i.p.) caused hepatic impairment, as shown by increases in the concentrations of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Doxorubicin produced histological abnormalities in the liver. In addition, a single injection of doxorubicin increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Importantly, pre-treatment with diosmin restored hepatic antioxidant factors and serum enzymatic activities and reduced the inflammatory and apoptotic-mediated proteins and genes. These findings demonstrate that diosmin has a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Shalkami AGS, Hassanein EHM, Sayed AM, Mohamed WR, Khalaf MM, Hemeida RAM. Hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals berberine and umbelliferone against methotrexate-induced hepatic intoxication: experimental studies and in silico evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67593-67607. [PMID: 34258700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are used effectively to manage wide types of malignancies, but their therapeutic use is limited due to their associated hepatic intoxication. The current study sheds light on the effect of phytochemicals berberine (BBR) and umbelliferone (UMB) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatic intoxication. Forty-eight rats were allocated to normal, BBR (50 mg/kg orally for 10 days), UMB (30 mg/kg orally for 10 days), MTX (20 mg/kg at the 5th day), BBR+MTX, and UMB+MTX. With regard to MTX, the results of this investigation reveal potent amelioration of MTX hepatotoxicity by BBR and UMB through reduction of the elevated serum levels of ALT, ALP, AST, and LDH confirmed by the attenuation of histopathological abrasion in liver tissues. BBR and UMB markedly restored antioxidant status. More importantly, BBR resulted in reducing P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) genes and enhanced mRNA expression of Nrf-2 (P < 0.05). Interestingly, in silico studies via molecular docking pinpointed the binding modes of BBR and UMB to the binding pocket residues of P38MAPK, NF-κB, and Keap-1 and demonstrated a promising inhibition of Keap-1, P38MAPK, and NF-κB. BBR and UMB reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and apoptotic protein caspase-3 as well as increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Therefore, BBR and UMB may denote promising therapeutic agents that can avert hepatic intoxication in patients receiving MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Menia, 61768, Egypt
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Ghoneum M, El-Gerbed MSA. Human placental extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via regulating antioxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:961-971. [PMID: 34505929 PMCID: PMC8536621 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methotrexate (MTX) induces hepatotoxicity, limiting its clinical efficacy as a widely known chemotherapy drug. In the current study, we examined the protective effect of human placenta extract (HPE) against MTX-induced liver damage in rats, as well as its ability to regulate antioxidative and anti-inflammatory liver responses. METHODS Male rats were orally administered MTX at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg-body-weight in the presence or absence of HPE (10.08 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. We measured the biological effects of MTX and HPE on the levels of liver enzymes, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)]. In addition, histological examination and histopathological scoring of liver tissues were performed. RESULTS MTX-treated rats showed significantly increased (p < 0.001) liver enzyme levels for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. However, HPE supplementation in MTX-treated rats significantly decreased (p < 0.001) these elevated levels. HPE supplementation also significantly reduced the oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA), reversed the reduction in glutathione (GSH), and markedly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the livers of MTX-treated rats. Furthermore, HPE supplementation significantly decreased the MTX-elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Histopathological examinations showed that MTX produced severe cellular damage and inflammatory lesions in liver tissues, while treatment with HPE improved hepatic histologic architecture. CONCLUSION HPE has the ability to ameliorate methotrexate-induced liver injury in rats by mechanisms that include boosting antioxidative responses and down-regulating MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1621 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Azadnasab R, Kalantar H, Khorsandi L, Kalantari H, Khodayar MJ. Epicatechin ameliorative effects on methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S603-S610. [PMID: 34802285 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211047924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the fact that methotrexate is widely used both as an immunosuppressive drug and as a chemotherapy agent, many studies are needed to reduce the side effects of this drug on non-target organs. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the effects of epicatechin (Epi) on MTX (methotrexate)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. RESEARCH DESIGN After 1 week for adaptation, we randomly divided 42 male Naval Medical Research Institute mice into six groups: (I) control; (II) Epi (100 mg/kg, po); (III) MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on the fifth day; and (IV, V, and VI) Epi (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, po) + MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on the fifth day. At day 10, the mice were sacrificed and serum factors, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS MTX increased activity level of serum enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde), and inflammatory factors including interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide. Furthermore, MTX decreased glutathione level and activity level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Epi was able to reduce the destructive effects of oxidative/antioxidant system imbalance and inflammatory reactions and also histopathological damage in MTX intoxicated mice. Epi pretreatment reduced liver dysfunction by improving the antioxidant defense system, anti-inflammatory effects, and alleviation of histopathological damage in MTX hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, Epi can be used as a therapeutic agent in hepatotoxicity associated with MTX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Azadnasab
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Girsang E, Ginting CN, Lister INE, Gunawan KY, Widowati W. Anti-inflammatory and antiaging properties of chlorogenic acid on UV-induced fibroblast cell. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11419. [PMID: 34277144 PMCID: PMC8272460 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin aging is the most common dermatological problem caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factor, such as exposure to (ultraviolet) UV rays. Chlorogenic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound which is known for its antioxidant properties against oxidative stress. Objective This study investigates the antiaging and anti-inflammatory properties of CA on UV-induced skin fibroblast cells. Methods Anti-inflammatory properties of CA were assessed by measuring inflammatory-related proteins IL-1β and TNF-α, while antiaging properties of CA were assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, live and necrotic cells, and COL-3 gene expression level. Results Treating UV-induced skin fibroblast cells with CA decreased the level of ROS, IL-1β, TNF-α, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells and increased live cells and COL-3 gene expression. Conclusion CA has the potential as the protective compound against inflammation and aging by decreasing the level ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells and by increasing live cells and COL-3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermi Girsang
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Chrismis N Ginting
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | | | - Kamila Yashfa Gunawan
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Widowati
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Ahmad A, Alkharfy KM, Bin Jardan YA, Shahid M, Ansari MA, Alqahtani S, Jan BL, Al-Jenoobi FI, Raish M. Sinapic acid mitigates methotrexate-induced hepatic injuries in rats through modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1261-1268. [PMID: 33720507 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present research has been investigated to study the protective outcomes of sinapic acid (SA) against methotrexate (MTX) encouraged liver damage in rats by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. The animals were arbitrarily allocated into four groups: group I rats administered a 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) vehicle orally for 15 consecutive days with a single intravenous standard saline injection (0.9% NaCl) on day seven. Groups II, III, and IV were injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg MTX/kg on 7th day. Animals in group III and IV were treated orally for 14 days with 20 mg of SA/kg dissolved daily in 0.5% CMC respectively. In all experimental groups, liver function, biochemical, histopathological and molecular changes were evaluated. MTX-induced changes in liver function indices like ALT, AST, and ALP are substantially restored with SA pretreatment. Moreover, antioxidant defense mechanisms (GSH, SOD, and CAT) and oxidative/nitrostative stress (MDA and NO) and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-β and MPO) were also substantially restored. Furthermore, the conclusions indicate that SA prevents the hepatic damage caused by MTX through apoptosis inhibition and stimulation of Nrf2/HO-1-medial antioxidant enzymes by NF-κB inhibition. Histological findings have shown that SA therapy has greatly protected liver damage caused by MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit L Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hepatotoxic potentials of methotrexate: Understanding the possible toxicological molecular mechanisms. Toxicology 2021; 458:152840. [PMID: 34175381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most effective and widely used drugs in the management of autoimmune and dermatological diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis patients who are under long term MTX-therapy are at high risk of developing a liver injury. Accumulation of intracellular MTX-polyglutamate (MTX-PG), a metabolite of MTX triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and apoptosis in hepatocytes. MTX-PG causes oxidative stress in the liver by inducing lipid peroxidation thereby releasing reactive oxygen species and suppressing antioxidant response elements. MTX-PG induces several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa B and interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL- β1, IL-12. MTX-PG depletes hepatic folate level and decreases RNA and DNA synthesis leading to hepatocyte death. MTX-PG inhibits 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase enzyme and thereby causes accumulation of intracellular adenosine, which causes activation of hepatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix accumulation and hepatic fibrosis. MTX-PG induces hepatocytes apoptosis by activation of caspase 3 via the intrinsic pathway. Clinically, aggravation of underlying fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis seems to be an important mechanism of liver injury in MTX-treated RA patients. Therefore, there is a need for monitoring liver injury in RA, psoriatic and cancer patients with NAFLD and fibrosis risk factors during MTX treatment. This review summarizes the possible molecular mechanism of MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. It may pave the way for early detection of liver injury and develop novel strategies for treating MTX mediated hepatotoxicity.
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Empagliflozin and neohesperidin mitigate methotrexate hepatotoxicity via Nrf2/PPARγ/HO-1 signalling initiation and suppression of NF-κB/Keap1/HSP70/caspase-3 axis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 278:119638. [PMID: 34051216 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is the main adverse effect of methotrexate (MTX), which limits its clinical use and effectiveness. Both empagliflozin (EMPA) and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHD) have promising criteria for suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. In this current study, we suggested that EMPA and NHD exhibit protective effects against MTX-triggered liver injury, considering N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a reference standard. In order to inspect our suggestion, An experimental rat model comprising 70 male adult rats (7 groups, 10 rats in each) was implemented to investigate the effects of MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p. once), alone or with EMPA (10 and 30 mg/kg/day, p.o.), NHD (40 and 80 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and NAC (150 mg/kg/day, p.o.) compared to the normal control animals (1%CMC, p.o.). Pre-treatment with EMPA and NHD showed significant attenuation in liver function abnormalities, pathological tissue deteriorations, hepatic oxidative stress parameters, and the level of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Also, EMPA and NHD showed significant decreases in NF-κB/Keap1/HSP70/caspase-3 and increases in Nrf2/PPARγ/HO-1 expression levels. In addition, EMPA and NHD showed a marked enhancement of the anti-tumour activity of MTX against HepG2 and lung (A549) cancer cells. This research reveals that both EMPA and NHD can inhibit oxidation, inflammatory reactions, and apoptosis in the liver tissues of MTX-treated rats, mainly through Nrf2/PPARγ/HO-1 signalling initiation and suppression of NF-κB/Keap1/HSP70/caspase-3 axis, considered a unique class of drugs that attenuates or at least delays the onset of MTX-induced toxicity and serves as an innovative therapeutic target for future clinical application in humans.
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Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101586. [PMID: 34069126 PMCID: PMC8156718 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and bacterial growth analysis of novel three-component hybrid materials synthesized by the sol-gel method. The inorganic silica matrix was weakly bonded to the network of two organic components: a well-known polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG, average molar mass of about 4000 g/mol), and an antioxidant constituted by chlorogenic acid (CGA). In particular, a first series was made by a 50 wt% PEG-based (CGA-free) silica hybrid along with two 50 wt% PEG-based hybrids containing 10 and 20 wt% of CGA (denoted as SP50, SP50C10 and SP50C20, respectively). A second series contained a fixed amount of CGA (20 wt%) in silica-based hybrids: one was the PEG-free material (SC20) and the other two contained 12 and 50 wt% of PEG, respectively (SP12C20 and SP50C20, respectively), being the latter already included in the first series. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of freshly prepared materials confirmed that all the materials were amorphous and homogeneous regardless of the content of PEG or CGA. The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed a higher water content was adsorbed into the two component hybrids (SP50 and SC20) because of the availability of a larger number of H-bonds to be formed with water with respect to those of silica/PEG/CGA (SPC), where silica matrix was involved in these bonds with both organic components. Conversely, the PEG-rich materials (SP50C10 and SP50C20, both with 50 wt% of the polymer) retained a lower content of water. Decomposition of PEG and CGA occurred in almost the same temperature interval regardless of the content of each organic component. The antibacterial properties of the SiO2/PEG/CGA hybrid materials were studied in pellets using either Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. Excellent antibacterial activity was found against both bacteria regardless of the amount of polymer in the hybrids.
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Kour G, Haq SA, Bajaj BK, Gupta PN, Ahmed Z. Phytochemical add-on therapy to DMARDs therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: In vitro and in vivo bases, clinical evidence and future trends. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105618. [PMID: 33878447 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of biologically active compounds derived from plants i.e. phytochemicals, have been known for ages for their pharmacological activities in the treatment of autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Besides enormous scientific evidence, the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals is often undervalued. The treatment in RA involves the use of synthetic and biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). However, the long-term treatment in RA is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal, liver, pulmonary and renal toxicities and serious infections including latent tuberculosis, pneumococcus influenza, herpes zoster and hepatitis. These adverse effects sometimes lead to discontinuation of the therapy. A relatively new vision based on the combination of DMARDs with phytochemicals exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties for the treatment of RA has achieved substantial importance in the last decade. From this perspective, the present review focuses on the combination of DMARDs (primarily MTX) with phytochemicals that have shown synergistic therapeutic effects while decreasing the toxic repercussions of current RA therapy. The review covers recent evidences of such combination studies that have shown promising results both in experimental arthritic models and clinical arthritis. Few of the combinations including resveratrol, sinomenine, coenzyme Q10 exhibited considerable interest because of their efficacy as an adjuvant to the MTX/standard DMARDs therapy in clinical trials. Besides giving an overview of such combination studies the review also critically discusses the limitations with the use of phytochemicals (e.g. solubility, permeability and bioavailability) compromising their clinical application. Additionally, it stresses upon the need of novel delivery systems and pharmaceutical technologies to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the combination therapy. Overall, the review unveils the potential of phytochemicals in combination with DMARDs with increased tolerability and superior efficacy in further refining the future of the RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kour
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India; School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi, 180006 J&K, India
| | - Syed Assim Haq
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bijender Kumar Bajaj
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi, 180006 J&K, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Kulyar MFEA, Yao W, Ding Y, Du H, Li K, Zhang L, Li A, Huachun P, Waqas M, Mehmood K, Li J. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) expression is linked with thiram induced chondrocyte's apoptosis via Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3 signalling in tibial growth plate under chlorogenic acid repercussion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112059. [PMID: 33647747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a metabolic disease of young poultry that affects bone andcartilage's growth. It mostly occurs in broilers due to thiram toxicity in the feed. In this disease, tibial cartilage is not yet ripe for ossification, but it also results in lameness, death, and moral convictions of commercial poultry due to numerous apoptotic changes on cell level. These changes serve a cardinal role in this situation. Many potential problems indicate that chlorogenic acid (CGA) performs an extensive role in controlling apoptosis's perception. However, the actual role of CGA in TD affected chondrocytes in-vitro is still unidentified. The current study investigates the imperceptible insight of CGA on chondrocyte's apoptosis via B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated x-protein (Bax), and Caspase-3 with CD147 signalling. The expression of these markers was investigated by Immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain (RT-qPCR). Chondrocytes from the growth plate of tibia were isolated, cultured, and processed. A sub-lethal thiram (2.5 μg/mL) was used to induce cytotoxicity and then treated with an optimum dose (40 μg/ mL) of CGA. According to the results, thiram distorted chondrocyte cells with enhanced apoptotic rate. But, in case of CGA, high expression of CD147 enhanced cell viability of chondrocytes, accompanied by downregulation of Bax/Caspase-3 signalling with the upregulation of Bcl-2. The first possibility has ruled out in the present study by the observation that the cells apoptosis marker, Caspase-3 showed a significant change in CD147 overexpressing cells. Conversely, immunodepletion of CD147 with enhanced cleavage of Caspase-3, indicating the activation of apoptosis in chondrocytes cells. Therefore, these findings suggest a novel insight about CD147 in thiram induced TD about the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3 apoptosis-signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yanmei Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Haitao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Pan Huachun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, District Poonch 12350, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet 860000, PR China.
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Sahindokuyucu-Kocasari F, Akyol Y, Ozmen O, Erdemli-Kose SB, Garli S. Apigenin alleviates methotrexate-induced liver and kidney injury in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1721-1731. [PMID: 33845614 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211009964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer and inflammatory diseases, but its clinical use has been restricted due to its toxicity. Apigenin (API) is an effective flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of API against MTX-induced liver and kidney toxicity. Four groups with 12 male mice each were used. The control and API groups were received 0.9% saline (ip) and API (3 mg/kg ip) for 4 days, respectively. The MTX group were given a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg ip) on the fourth day. The MTX + API group were administered API for 7 days and then MTX on fourth day. Blood, liver and kidney were collected to evaluate tissue injury markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments. In MTX-treated group, significant increases in aminotransferases activities, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significant decreases in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined compared to the control group. Furthermore, histopathological changes and significant increases in caspase-3, C-reactive protein (CRP), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were detected in both liver and kidney tissues of MTX-treated mice. Pretreatment with API alleviates liver and kidney toxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and tissue injury markers, histopathological alterations, and apoptosis and inflammation. These results suggest that API has a protective effect against oxidative stress and liver-kidney toxicity induced by MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sahindokuyucu-Kocasari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 175651Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Y Akyol
- Provincial Health Directorate, Burdur, Turkey
| | - O Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 175651Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - S B Erdemli-Kose
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 175651Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - S Garli
- Animal Experiments Production and Experimental Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 175651Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Polyphenols in foods: Classification, methods of identification, and nutritional aspects in human health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 98:1-33. [PMID: 34507639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols widely exists in various foods, including main crops, fruits, beverages and some wines. Famous representatives of polyphenols, such as resveratrol in red wine, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in green tea, chlorogenic acid in coffee, anthocyanins in colored fruits, procyanidins in grape seed have become hot research topics in food science and nutrition. There have been thousands of papers on the biochemistry, chemistry, nutritional values and population-based investigations of dietary polyphenols. In this chapter, we reviewed the published articles and database of dietary polyphenols to draw a profile for the classification, structural identification, and biological activities mainly based on enzymes, cell bioassay and animal models, as well as the population-based investigation results. The typical compound and its health benefits for each category of polyphenols was also introduced. The identification of dietary polyphenols could be solved by combined spectroscopy methods, of which the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry is highlighted to greatly increase the efficiency on structural identification. Although the population-based investigation showed some controversial results for health benefits, the multi-functions of dietary polyphenols on preventing metabolic syndromes, various cancers and neurodegenerative disease have attracted much attention.
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Alferink LJM, Radjabzadeh D, Erler NS, Vojinovic D, Medina-Gomez C, Uitterlinden AG, de Knegt RJ, Amin N, Ikram MA, Janssen HLA, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Metselaar HJ, van Duijn CM, Kraaij R, Darwish Murad S. Microbiomics, Metabolomics, Predicted Metagenomics, and Hepatic Steatosis in a Population-Based Study of 1,355 Adults. Hepatology 2021; 73:968-982. [PMID: 32530501 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous small studies have appraised the gut microbiome (GM) in steatosis, but large-scale studies are lacking. We studied the association of the GM diversity and composition, plasma metabolites, predicted functional metagenomics, and steatosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS This is a cross-sectional analysis of the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and determined taxonomy using the SILVA reference database. Alpha diversity and beta diversity were calculated using the Shannon diversity index and Bray-Curtis dissimilarities. Differences were tested across steatosis using permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography. We subsequently selected genera using regularized regression. The functional metagenome was predicted based on the GM using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Serum metabolomics were assessed using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol, diet, and proton-pump inhibitors. We included 1,355 participants, of whom 472 had steatosis. Alpha diversity was lower in steatosis (P = 1.1∙10-9 ), and beta diversity varied across steatosis strata (P = 0.001). Lasso selected 37 genera of which three remained significantly associated after adjustment (Coprococcus3: β = -65; Ruminococcus Gauvreauiigroup: β = 62; and Ruminococcus Gnavusgroup: β = 45, Q-value = 0.037). Predicted metagenome analyses revealed that pathways of secondary bile-acid synthesis and biotin metabolism were present, and D-alanine metabolism was absent in steatosis. Metabolic profiles showed positive associations for aromatic and branched chain amino acids and glycoprotein acetyls with steatosis and R. Gnavusgroup, whereas these metabolites were inversely associated with alpha diversity and Coprococcus3. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed, on a large-scale, the lower microbial diversity and association of Coprococcus and Ruminococcus Gnavus with steatosis. We additionally showed that steatosis and alpha diversity share opposite metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J M Alferink
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Djawad Radjabzadeh
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Nicole S Erler
- Department of BiostatisticsErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Dina Vojinovic
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands.,Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Robert J de Knegt
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Toronto Center of Liver DiseaseToronto General HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care/LUMC Campus The HagueLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands.,Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sarwa Darwish Murad
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
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Evaluation of the effect of methotrexate on the hippocampus, cerebellum, liver, and kidneys of adult male albino rat: Histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151682. [PMID: 33465564 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has been used for treatment of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders as rheumatic arthritis, and different types of cancers. However, it has shown adverse effects on vital organs. The current study was conducted to investigate the toxic effect of MTX on the hippocampus, cerebellum, liver and kidneys of adult male albino rats. MTX was injected weekly at 5 mg/kg body weight via I/P injection for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical evaluation were performed on the hippocampus, cerebellum, liver, and kidney tissues of the sacrificed rats. We observed that methotrexate induced neural tissue damage in the hippocampus and cerebellum, degeneration of hepatocytes, congestion of the central vein and blood sinusoids of the liver, distortion in the renal corpuscles and necrosis of the renal tubule. Immunohistochemical findings revealed strong positive expression of Caspase-3, PCNA and GFAP. Biochemical studies revealed significant elevation in the serum levels of AST and ALT, in addition to high serum concentrations of creatinine and urea. Also, MTX injection increased MDA, while it decreased GSH, SOD and AChE levels. We conclude the ability of MTX to induce oxidative stress that results into apoptosis and tissue injury, leading to neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity.
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Metabolite Profiling of Methanolic Extract of Gardenia jaminoides by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and Its Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Oxidant Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020102. [PMID: 33525758 PMCID: PMC7912419 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the methanolic extract from seeds of Gardenia jasminoides exhibited strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities with less toxicity to NIH3T3 and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. The antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition activities were found higher in methanolic extract (MeOH-E) than H2O extract. Besides, 9.82 ± 0.62 µg and 6.42 ± 0.26 µg of MeOH-E were equivalent to 1 µg ascorbic acid for ABTS and DPPH scavenging, respectively while 9.02 ± 0.25 µg and 6.52 ± 0.15 µg of MeOH-E were equivalent to 1 µg of acarbose for inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. Moreover, the cell assay revealed that the addition of MeOH-E (12.5 µg/mL) increased about 37% of glucose uptake in insulin resistant (IR) HepG2 as compared to untreated IR HepG2 cells. The LC- MS/MS and GC-MS analysis of MeOH-E revealed a total of 54 compounds including terpenoids, glycosides, fatty acid, phenolic acid derivatives. Among the identified compounds, chlorogenic acid and jasminoside A were found promising for anti-diabetic activity revealed by molecular docking study and these molecules are deserving further purification and molecular analysis.
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Owumi SE, Anaikor RA, Arunsi UO, Adaramoye OA, Oyelere AK. Chlorogenic acid co-administration abates tamoxifen-mediated reproductive toxicities in male rats: An experimental approach. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13615. [PMID: 33491243 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reports over the years have demonstrated toxic side effect-including reproductive toxicity- of tamoxifen (TAM), a drug of choice in the management of primary breast cancer. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary polyphenol, reportedly elicits beneficial pharmacological effects. However, the impact of CGA on TAM-associated reproductive toxicity is absent in the literature. We, therefore, experimented on CGA's effect and TAM-mediated reproductive toxicity in rats. Cohorts of rats were treated with TAM (50 mg/kg) or co-treated with CGA (25 or 50 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. The result showed that treatment of CGA significantly increases testosterone, LH, and FSH levels compared to the TAM group. However, prolactin level was markedly decreased after pretreatment of CGA in TAM-treated rats. CGA abated TAM-induced decreases acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and antioxidant enzymes in the testis. CGA alleviated TAM-facilitated surges of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats epididymis and testes. Additionally, CGA increased anti-inflammatory cytokine -interleukin-10-, suppressed caspase-3 activity, and reduced pathological lesions in the examined organs of rats co-treated with CGA and TAM. CGA phytoprotective effect improved reproductive function occasioned by TAM-mediated toxicities in rats, by abating oxido-inflammatory damages and downregulating apoptotic responses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: CGA protects against the damaging oxido-inflammatory responses incumbent on TAM metabolism. As an antioxidant abundant in plant-derived foods, CGA reportedly protects against inflammatory damage, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. We present evidence that CGA ameliorates TAM-induced reproductive dysfunction by suppressing oxidative and inflammation stress downregulate apoptosis and improve reproductive function biomarker in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ruth A Anaikor
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology Center, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Liu Z, Mohsin A, Wang Z, Zhu X, Zhuang Y, Cao L, Guo M, Yin Z. Enhanced Biosynthesis of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Derivatives in Methyl-Jasmonate-Treated Gardenia jasminoides Cells: A Study on Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses of Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:604957. [PMID: 33469531 PMCID: PMC7813945 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.604957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid and its derivatives (CQAs) are considered as important bioactive secondary metabolites in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (G. jasminoides). However, few studies have investigated the biosynthesis and regulation of CQAs in G. jasminoides. In this study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was used to enhance CQAs accumulation in cultured G. jasminoides cells. Moreover, the possible molecular mechanism of MeJA-mediated accumulation of CQAs is also explored. To this end, time-course transcriptional profiles of G. jasminoides cells responding to MeJA were used to investigate the mechanism from different aspects, including jasmonate (JAs) biosynthesis, signal transduction, biosynthesis of precursor, CQAs biosynthesis, transporters, and transcription factors (TFs). A total of 57,069 unigenes were assembled from the clean reads, in which 80.7% unigenes were successfully annotated. Furthermore, comparative transcriptomic results indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in JAs biosynthesis and signal transduction (25 DEGs), biosynthesis of precursor for CQAs (18 DEGs), CQAs biosynthesis (19 DEGs), and transporters (29 DEGs). Most of these DEGs showed continuously upregulated expressions over time, which might activate the jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction network, boost precursor supply, and ultimately stimulate CQAs biosynthesis. Additionally, various TFs from different TF families also responded to MeJA elicitation. Interestingly, 38 DEGs from different subgroups of the MYB family might display positive or negative regulations on phenylpropanoids, especially on CQAs biosynthesis. Conclusively, our results provide insight into the possible molecular mechanism of regulation on CQAs biosynthesis, which led to a high CQAs yield in the G. jasminoides cells under MeJA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongping Yin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Foods, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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74
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Santhakumar P, Roy A, Ganesh MK, Selvaraj J, Prathap L, Babu KY. Ethanolic extract of Capparis decidua fruit ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_402_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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75
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Karabulut D, Ozturk E, Kuloglu N, Akin AT, Kaymak E, Yakan B. Effects of vitamin B12 on methotrexate hepatotoxicity: evaluation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2473-2480. [PMID: 33052426 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the study, we aimed to show the effects of vitamin B12 on the necrosis caused by methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist. Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to four groups of eight rats per group. Control (n = 8), Vit B12 (n = 8) 3 μg/kg/ip B12 (15 days) per day throughout the experiment, MTX (n = 8) injected with a single dose of 20 mg/kg/ip MTX on 8th day of experiment, MTX + Vit B12 (n = 8) injected with a single dose of 20 mg/kg ip methotrexate on 8th day of experiment + 3 μg/kg/ip Vit B12 (15 days) per day throughout the experiment. Oxidant (TOS)/antioxidant (TAS) system, TNF-α and TGF-β levels, AST and ALT, serum vitamin B12 levels were determined in the tissue. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and 3 (RIP3) immunohistochemistry were applied to the liver tissue. TOS increased; TAS decreased; TNF-α and TGF-β levels increased; AST and ALT levels changed after MTX hepatotoxicity. Vit B12 decreased significantly. COX-2, RIP1, and RIP3 immunoreactivity increased. Vit B12 showed improvement in all of the negative results. Vit B12 is an important supplement to be used against necrosis in tissue after MTX hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Karabulut
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Köşk, Talas Avenue, 38030 Melikgazi-, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Emel Ozturk
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Kuloglu
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Köşk, Talas Avenue, 38030 Melikgazi-, Kayseri, Turkey
- Health Care Services Elderly Care Department, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuğrul Akin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Birkan Yakan
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Köşk, Talas Avenue, 38030 Melikgazi-, Kayseri, Turkey
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76
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Xu X, Chang J, Wang P, Yin Q, Liu C, Li M, Song A, Zhu Q, Lu F. Effect of chlorogenic acid on alleviating inflammation and apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells induced by deoxyniyalenol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111376. [PMID: 32961488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is extensively detected in many kinds of foods and feeds to harm human and animal health. This research aims to investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on alleviating inflammation and apoptosis of swine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) triggered by DON. The results demonstrated that cell viability was decreased when DON concentrations increased or incubation time expanded. The pretreatment with CGA (40 μg/mL) for 1 h increased cell viability, decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis in cells triggered by DON at 0.5 μg/mL for 6 h, compared with the DON alone-treated cells. Moreover, the mRNA abundances of IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, caspase-3, Bax and ASCT2 genes, and protein expressions of COX-2, Bax and ASCT2 were significantly down-regulated; while the mRNA abundances of ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, PePT1 and GLUT2 genes, and protein expressions of ZO-1, claudin-1 and PePT1 were significantly up-regulated in the CGA + DON group, compared with the DON alone group. This study indicated that CGA pretreatment alleviated cytotoxicity, inflammation and apoptosis in DON-triggered IPEC-J2 cells, and protected intestinal cell integrity from DON damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Qingqiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Maolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Andong Song
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Qun Zhu
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co., Ltd., Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Fushan Lu
- Henan Puai Feed Co., Ltd., Zhoukou, 466000, China.
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77
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Abbas NAT, Awad MM, Nafea OE. Silymarin in combination with chlorogenic acid protects against hepatotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats: possible role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:771-777. [PMID: 33447361 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many xenobiotics are known to cause hepatic damage with subsequent significant morbidity and mortality. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent. DOX is reported to cause hepatocellular damage. Previous studies verified the promising role of many natural antioxidant products against various models of hepatic dysfunction. We conducted this study to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effect of silymarin (SILY) and/or chlorogenic acid (CGA) in a rat model of DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, we randomly divided 30 adult male rats into five equal groups as control, DOX, co-treated DOX with SILY, co-treated DOX with GCA and co-treated DOX with SILY and CGA groups. All treatments were administered every second day for 4 weeks. Our results showed that simultaneous SILY and CGA administration caused a significant decrease in hepatic apoptosis biomarkers (hepatic caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB levels), a significant improvement in hepatic oxidant/antioxidant status (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase) and significant decrease in hepatic pro-inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interlukin-1β) compared with DOX treatment. We concluded that adding CGA to SILY acts as a hepatoprotective agent against DOX-induced liver injury through inhibiting apoptosis biomarkers, maintaining antioxidant enzyme levels, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as regulating liver adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A T Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Awad
- Endocrinology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ola E Nafea
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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78
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Chlorogenic acid abates male reproductive dysfunction in arsenic-exposed mice via attenuation of testicular oxido-inflammatory stress and apoptotic responses. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109333. [PMID: 33242462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a major environmental pollutant of global concern, is well-known for its reproductive toxicity. In this study, the protective potential of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a caffeoylquinic acid isomer abundantly found in many plants, was investigated against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced testicular dysfunctions. Adult male Swiss mice were either administered NaAsO2 alone at 5 mg kg-1 or co-treated with CGA at 100 mg kg-1 or 200 mg kg-1 body weight for 4 weeks. Results showed that NaAsO2-treated mice exhibited marked declines in testes weight, sperm count, and viability accompanied by decreases in sexual hormonal levels. Moreover, NaAsO2 toxicity evoked exhaustion of antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GSH), down-regulation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) gene expression level, and elevations in malondialdehyde. Further, elevations in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6) together with the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic biomarkers (Bax and caspase- 3) and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 were observed in NaAsO2 intoxication. Immunohistochemical analysis of testis sections of NaAsO2-treated mice showed high caspase-3 expression. These findings were well supported with testicular histopathological examination. However, pretreatment of mice with CGA resulted in noteworthy improvements in testicular damage induced by arsenic in a dose-dependent manner possibly mediated by the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusively, CGA counteracted arsenic-induced testicular injury through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, CGA could serve as a favorable intervention in the alleviation of arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.
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79
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Al-Megrin WA, Metwally DM, Habotta OA, Amin HK, Abdel Moneim AE, El-Khadragy M. Nephroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid against sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5162-5170. [PMID: 32519758 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) leads to serious renal disorders. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic compound, has several well known physiological benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated the potential renoprotective effects of CGA on sodium arsenite (NaAsO2 )-induced kidney damage in mice. The mice were randomly allocated into five groups to receive daily treatment with CGA (200 mg kg-1 ), NaAsO2 (5 mg kg-1 ), NaAsO2 + CGA (100 mg kg-1 ), NaAsO2 + CGA (200 mg kg-1 ), or a control for 28 days. RESULTS In the NaAsO2 -treated group, NaAsO2 induced significant renal dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis, as demonstrated by marked increases in urea and creatinine levels accompanied by a decrease in the kidney index. Considerable increases in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and parallel decreases in various antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione) levels were also detected in the renal tissues of NaAsO2 -treated mice. NaAsO2 exposure was associated with marked increases in renal inflammatory markers (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) and apoptosis indicators including Bax and caspase-3 levels contaminant, with a marked decrease in Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, in the NaAsO2 -treated group compared with the control group. However, pretreatment with CGA substantially mitigated the renal injury and dysfunction associated with NaAsO2 exposure by reducing tissue inflammation and apoptosis and improving the antioxidant status. The CGA pretreatment also alleviated the NaAsO2 -induced histological alterations in renal tissues. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest the efficacy of CGA in alleviating As-mediated renal tissue damage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa A Al-Megrin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina M Metwally
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem K Amin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal El-Khadragy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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80
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Islam J, Shree A, Afzal SM, Vafa A, Sultana S. Protective effect of Diosmin against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung injury in Swiss Albino Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:747-757. [PMID: 32061149 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diosmin, a naturally occurring flavonoid commonly present in citrus fruit, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging as well as blood lipid lowering activities among others. Diosmin has also been used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Our study explores the role of Diosmin in pulmonary toxicity (lung injury) induced by environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]. Swiss Albino Mice (SAM) were administered with either Diosmin 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days and then challenged with a single dose of B(a)P. On the 15th day, animals were sacrificed; lung tissues and blood were collected for molecular analysis. B(a)P administration in mice induced the thickening of lung epithelium, damaged alveolar architecture, and promoted inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues. Also, B[a]P significantly increased the expression of NF-kB, COX-2, IL-6, Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP proteins and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels. Diosmin-100 and Diosmin-200 significantly attenuated the damage to lung epithelium, alveolar architecture, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues of mice. Diosmin significantly (P < .05) attenuated the levels of oxidative stress markers: lactate dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase. A decrease in expression of NF-kB, COX-2, IL-6, Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP proteins in mice was challenged with B[a]P. Diosmin thus could be a promising therapeutic adjuvant against B[a]P-induced oxidative stress and lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johirul Islam
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpa Shree
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shekh M Afzal
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Vafa
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarwat Sultana
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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81
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Micheli L, Pacini A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Trallori E, D’Ambrosio R, Bianchini C, Lampertico P, Ghelardini C. Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatosis: Preclinical Study of a New Nutraceutical Multitarget Formulation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1819. [PMID: 32570937 PMCID: PMC7353335 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) disease, a wide-spread liver pathology associated with metabolic alterations triggered by hepatic steatosis, should be hit by multitarget therapeutics. We tested a multicomponent food supplement mixture (AP-NHm), whose components have anti-dislipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on in vitro and in vivo models of NASH. In vitro, hepatic cells cultures were treated for 24 h with 0.5 mM oleic acid (OA): in the co-treatment set cells were co-treated with AP-NH mixtures (AP-NHm, 1:3:10 ratio) and in the post-injury set AP-NHm was added for 48 h after OA damage. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, inducing NASH at 7th week, and treated with AP-NHm at two dosages (1:3 ratio) in co-treatment or post-injury protocols, while a control group was fed with a standard diet. In in vitro co-treatment protocol, alterations of redox balance, proinflammatory cytokines release and glucose uptake were restored in a dose-dependent manner, at highest dosages also in post-injury regimen. In both regimens, pathologic dyslipidemias were also ameliorated by AP-NHm. In vivo, high-dose-AP-NHm-co-treated-HFD mice dose-dependently gained less body weight, were protected from dyslipidemia, and showed a lower liver weight. Dose-dependently, AP-NHm treatment lowered hepatic LDL, HDL, triglycerides levels and oxidative damage; co-treatment regimen was anti-inflammatory, reducing TNF-α and IL-8 levels. Hepatic lipidic infiltration significantly decreased in co-treated and post-injury-AP-NHm-HFD animals. The multitarget approach with AP-NHm was effective in preventing and reducing NASH-related pathologic features, warranting for the clinical development of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Elena Trallori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberta D’Ambrosio
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico—Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology—CRC “A. M. and A. Migliavacca” Center for Liver Disease, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.D.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Pietro Lampertico
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico—Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology—CRC “A. M. and A. Migliavacca” Center for Liver Disease, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.D.); (P.L.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
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82
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Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Sorafenib-Induced Hepatotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7453406. [PMID: 32509153 PMCID: PMC7245685 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7453406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib is a small, orally-active multikinase inhibitor that is most frequently used for the management of renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and radioactive iodine-resistant thyroid carcinoma. However, recent reports have associated sorafenib with hepatotoxicity that can limit its clinical application, although the mechanism of hepatotoxicity is still to be elucidated. Thus, our study was designed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying sorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity in an in vivo model. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were randomly placed into two groups; the first group received an oral dose of normal saline (vehicle), and the second received sorafenib (30 mg/kg) once daily for twenty-one consecutive days. After twenty-one days, liver tissues and blood samples were used for gene expression, protein expression, and biochemical analysis. Sorafenib treatment resulted in markedly increased levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, which indicate the presence of liver damage. Additionally, sorafenib administration induced the inflammatory and oxidative stress marker NF-κB-p65, while antioxidant enzymes were attenuated. Moreover, sorafenib caused upregulation of both gene and protein for the apoptotic markers cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and Bid, and downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, our findings suggest that sorafenib administration is associated with hepatotoxicity, which might be due to the activation of oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways.
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83
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Hu Z, Su H, Zeng Y, Lin C, Guo Z, Zhong F, Jiang K, Yuan G, He S. Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates hepatic fibrosis through autophagy-mediated inflammation. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:327-337. [PMID: 32383631 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalanced immune response and hepatic fibrosis are key factors related to the progression of chronic liver diseases. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a natural alkaloid, has been widely used for treating liver injury. In this study, we explored the effect of TMP on hepatic fibrosis and the related mechanisms regulating autophagy. METHODS A rat model of hepatic fibrosis and a model using an hepatic stellate cell line (HSC-T6) were created using CCl4 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Staining with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson's stain, and TUNEL were performed for pathological diagnosis. ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to determine the expression levels of the specific markers for fibrosis, autophagy, inflammation, and signalling pathways. RESULTS TMP treatment significantly rescued pathological injury and hepatic fibrosis. It also alleviated imbalances in the immune system, accumulation of extracellular matrix, and autophagy signals in hepatic fibrosis. At the same time, we found that application of the autophagy inducer rapamycin enhanced the therapeutic effect of TMP, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002, and AKT pathway agonist SC79 did the opposite. CONCLUSIONS TMP exerts therapeutic effects in hepatic fibrosis mainly through promoting autophagy to ameliorate inflammation by inhibiting the AKT-mTOR signalling pathway, providing a new perspective for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Huizhao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yonglian Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chengjie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenya Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fudi Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Keqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Songqing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
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84
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Hu X, Wang M, Pan Y, Xie Y, Han J, Zhang X, Niayale R, He H, Li Q, Zhao T, Cui Y, Yu S. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Astragalin and Chlorogenic Acid on Escherichia coli-Induced Inflammation of Sheep Endometrial Epithelium Cells. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:201. [PMID: 32426380 PMCID: PMC7205036 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is one of the main diseases which harm sheep husbandry. Astragalin and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are common active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with immunoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, sheep endometrial epithelium cells (SEECs) were successfully purified and identified, and the in vitro inflammation model of SEECs induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) was successfully established. To explore the effect of astragalin and CGA on the inflammation induced by E. coli and its potential mechanism, six groups were set up, namely, group C, M, astragalin, CGA, BAY, and STR. Cells in group C were incubated with DMEM/F12 for 6 h, while cells in group M, astragalin, CGA, BAY, and STR were incubated with DMEM/F12, astragalin, CGA, BAY, and STR for 3 h, respectively, followed by E. coli infection at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 E. coli per cell for 3 h. Subsequently, the cells and the supernatant were collected to detect the expression of genes in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway by ELISA, qPCR, and western blot. The results showed that E. coli could induce inflammation of SEECs in vitro, while astragalin and CGA could alleviate the inflammatory response induced by E. coli via inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for preventing sheep endometritis clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- Technology and Research Center of Gansu Province for Embryonic Engineering of Bovine and Sheep & Goat, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingyun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Robert Niayale
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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85
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Therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine on chemotherapy-induced liver injury. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1189-1194. [PMID: 32239424 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may be useful in the management of chemotherapy-induced liver injury. AIMS The present study evaluates the possible therapeutic effects of NAC on chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS A total of 102 patients' files who were diagnosed with cancer between 2015 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Two patient groups with and without NAC were selected. NAC was administered in a 3-μg/kg IV dose in a 24-h infusion to 70 patients when any alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) values reached three times the normal levels. The other group consisted of 32 patients who were not treated with NAC. Alanine aminotransferase and GGT values were recorded at pretreatment, and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days in both the NAC and non-NAC groups from files. RESULTS In the NAC group, ALT and GGT values on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 differed from each other, decreasing from day 1 to day 7. A statistically significant difference was noted between the values in the NAC group (p < 0.001). In the non-NAC group, the ALT values on day 7 were lower than the ALT values on day 1. A comparison of the ALT and GGT values in the NAC and non-NAC groups found that the values in the NAC group decreased earlier than in the non-NAC group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that NAC has a therapeutic effect on hepatotoxicity in children being treated with chemotherapeutic agents due to underlying malign diseases. The early reduction in the results of liver function tests is important for the continuation of chemotherapy.
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86
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Qin H, Zhang LL, Xiong XL, Jiang ZX, Xiao CP, Zhang LL, Wang YJ, Wu YT, Qiu YY, Zhou LS, Yan SQ. Li-Dan-He-Ji Improves Infantile Cholestasis Hepatopathy Through Inhibiting Calcium-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:156. [PMID: 32180721 PMCID: PMC7059769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile cholestatic hepatopathy (ICH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids in infancy, leading to serious liver cirrhosis or liver failure. The aetiology of ICH is complicated and some of them is unknown. Regardless of the aetiology, the finial pathology of ICH is hepatocyte apoptosis caused by severe and persistent cholestasis. It is already known that activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) could lead to the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanism by CaSR-mediated cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis is not fully understood. Li-Dan-He-Ji (LDHJ), a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription, was developed to treat ICH. Another aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of LDHJ in cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis. Using the primary hepatocytes, we first investigated the molecular mechanism of CaSR-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis. Then we prepared LDHJ granules and used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to identify the predominant drugs; confirmed the stability of the main substances; and for cell experiments screened forsythoside-A, emodin and chlorogenic acid as the three active substances of LDHJ granules. In the young rats with ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis and the primary hepatocytes with TCDC-induced cholestasis-related hepatocyte apoptosis, the levels of liver injury and cholestasis-related biomarkers, calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), hepatocyte apoptosis, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Cytochrome-C, caspase-3, phosphorylated-c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, and p-P38/P38 were all increased, while the levels of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)/ERK were decreased. However, LDHJ granules and its three active substances effectively reversed these changes. Furthermore, the three active substances reduced the increases in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and ROS levels and attenuated the dissipation of the mitochondria membrane potential in the TCDC-induced primary hepatocytes. The opposite results were obtained from the TCDC-induced primary hepatocytes treated with an agonist of CaSR (GdCl3) plus forsythoside-A, emodin or chlorogenic acid. Based on the results from in vivo and in vitro studies, LDHJ functions as an antagonist of CaSR to regulate hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis through the mitochondrial pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qin
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xiong
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Xia Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui-Ping Xiao
- Department of Social Services, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Li Zhang
- First Clinical College of Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ji Wang
- Department of Statistics and Medical Records, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Tao Wu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qiu
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Shan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Qi Yan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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87
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Protective effects of hesperidin against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1405-1417. [PMID: 32103295 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin (HD), a bioflavonoid, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective effects. Our aim is to investigate the possible protective effects of HD against methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that were divided into four groups (10 rats/each) and were exposed to MTX with or without HD co-administration for consecutive 28 days. The results showed that HD significantly ameliorated MTX-induced increase in liver enzymes and histopathological changes. Hepatic oxidative stress was suppressed by HD, as evidenced by the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), with a concomitant increase in total antioxidant activity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, co-administration of HD with MTX remarkably upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with the MTX group. By the decrease in nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) pathway and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), HD obviously attenuated inflammatory response in MTX-lesioned livers. Likewise, the downregulation of P53 by HD could explain its antiapoptotic effects as indicated by increase BCl2 and the significant decrease of caspase-9 mRNA expression as compared with the MTX group. Thus, these findings revealed the hepatoprotective nature of HD against MTX hepatotoxicity by attenuating the pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators and improving antioxidant aptitude.
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88
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Malayeri A, Badparva R, Mombeini MA, Khorsandi L, Goudarzi M. Naringenin: a potential natural remedy against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:491-498. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1719132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Malayeri
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Badparva
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Mombeini
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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89
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Dkhil MA, Abdel Moneim AE, Bauomy AA, Khalil M, Al-Shaebi EM, Al-Quraishy S. Chlorogenic acid prevents hepatotoxicity in arsenic-treated mice: role of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1161-1171. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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90
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Caffeates and Caffeamides: Synthetic Methodologies and Their Antioxidant Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:2592609. [PMID: 31815016 PMCID: PMC6877993 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2592609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and include a variety of chemical structures, from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to condensed tannins and highly polymerized compounds. Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is one of the hydroxycinnamate metabolites more widely distributed in plant tissues. It is present in many food sources, including coffee drinks, blueberries, apples, and cider, and also in several medications of popular use, mainly those based on propolis. Its derivatives are also known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial activities, and can contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. This review is an overview of the available information about the chemical synthesis and antioxidant activity of caffeic acid derivatives. Considering the relevance of these compounds in human health, many of them have been the focus of reviews, taking as a center their obtaining from the plants. There are few revisions that compile the chemical synthesis methods, in this way, we consider that this review does an important contribution.
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91
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Abd Elrazik NA, El-Mesery M, El-Karef A, Eissa LA, El Gayar AM. Chlorogenic acid potentiates antitumor effect of doxorubicin through upregulation of death receptors in solid Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2314808x.2019.1682331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesma A. Abd Elrazik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amro El-Karef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Laila A. Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal M El Gayar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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92
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Fouad AA, Hafez HM, Hamouda A. Hydrogen sulfide modulates IL-6/STAT3 pathway and inhibits oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rat model of methotrexate hepatotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:77-85. [PMID: 31542963 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119877437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used anticancer and immunosuppressive agent. However, MTX can induce hepatotoxicity due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the endogenous gaseous molecule, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The present work explored the probable protective effect of H2S against MTX hepatotoxicity in rats and also the possible mechanisms underlying this effect. MTX was given at a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 20 mg/kg. Sodium H2S (56 µmol /kg/day, i.p.), as H2S donor, was given for 10 days, starting 6 days before MTX administration. H2S significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, nuclear factor κB p65, cytosolic cytochrome c, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and significantly increased hepatic total antioxidant capacity and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rats received MTX. In addition, H2S minimized the histopathological injury and significantly decreased the expression of STAT3 in liver tissue of MTX-challenged rats. The effects of H2S were significantly antagonized by administration of glibenclamide as KATP channel blocker, Nω-nitro-l-arginine, as eNOS inhibitor, or ruthenium red, as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist. It was concluded that H2S provided significant hepatoprotection in MTX-challenged rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects. These effects are most probably mediated by the ability of H2S to act as IL-6/STAT3 pathway modulator, KATP channel opener, eNOS activator, and TRPV1 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - H M Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Aah Hamouda
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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93
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Hermawati E, Arfian N, Mustofa M, Partadiredja G. Chlorogenic acid ameliorates memory loss and hippocampal cell death after transient global ischemia. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:651-669. [PMID: 31437868 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known to have antioxidant potentials, yet the effect of CGA on brain ischemia has not been sufficiently understood. Brain ischemia such as transient global ischemia disrupts many areas of the brain of rats, including the hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups, that is, sham-operated (SO), bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCO), and BCCO+ 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg bw CGA groups (CGA15, CGA30, and CGA60, respectively). Brain ischemia was induced in Wistar rats with BCCO for 20 min followed by intraperitoneal injection of CGA. The rats were examined for the spatial memory in a Morris water maze test on the 3rd day and were euthanized on the 10th day after BCCO. The total number of pyramidal cells was estimated, and the mRNA expressions of Bcl2, Bax, caspase-3, SOD2, SOD1, GPx, ET-1, eNOS, CD31, and VEGF-A were measured. The BCCO group spent less time and distance in the target quadrant than any other group in the spatial memory retention test. The CA1 pyramidal cell numbers in the BCCO and CGA15 groups were lower than in the CGA30 and CGA60 groups. The mRNA expressions of Bcl2, SOD2, and CD31 in the BCCO group were lower than in the CGA15, CGA30, and CGA60 groups. The ET-1 expression was higher in the BCCO and CGA15 groups than in the SO, CGA30, and CGA60 groups. CGA improves the spatial memory and prevents the CA1 pyramidal cell death after BCCO by increasing Bcl2, SOD2, and CD31 expressions and decreasing ET-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ery Hermawati
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Mustofa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ginus Partadiredja
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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94
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Gupta N, Poddar K, Sarkar D, Kumari N, Padhan B, Sarkar A. Fruit waste management by pigment production and utilization of residual as bioadsorbent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 244:138-143. [PMID: 31121500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dry powder of fruit wastes including pomegranate, grapes, lime, apple, and papaya was used to examine their pigment extraction capability. Solvent combination of hexane and acetone (1:1) produced the maximum extraction for lime waste with a yield of 1.65%. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of the crude pigment of lime exhibited the abundance of compounds like chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and coumaric acid. Three major bands were obtained in Thin Layer Chromatography. Column Chromatographic purification using ethyl acetate and hexane mixture as eluting phase showed a retention factor of 0.62 for the major band. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance revealed the final structure of the compound as chlorogenic acid. Slight inhibition was exhibited by the compound against Escherichia coli. Adsorption of arsenate by residual fruit waste revealed the highest adsorption in grapes with 92% efficiency. This study enlightens an alternative approach of fruit waste management with the production of value-added products and its utilization of residue as bioadsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Kasturi Poddar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Debapriya Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Nitya Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Bhagyashree Padhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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95
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Kalantar M, Kalantari H, Goudarzi M, Khorsandi L, Bakhit S, Kalantar H. Crocin ameliorates methotrexate-induced liver injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:746-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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96
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Mahdavinia M, Alizadeh S, Raesi Vanani A, Dehghani MA, Shirani M, Alipour M, Shahmohammadi HA, Rafiei Asl S. Effects of quercetin on bisphenol A-induced mitochondrial toxicity in rat liver. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:499-505. [PMID: 31217929 PMCID: PMC6556511 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.32486.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recognized as a distinguished environmental and global toxicant, Bisphenol A (BPA) affects the liver, which is a vital body organ, by the induction of oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin against BPA in hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats and also, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (six rats per group), including control, BPA (250 mg/kg), BPA + quercetin (75 mg/kg), and quercetin (75 mg/kg). RESULTS The BPA-induced alterations were restored in concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) due to the quercetin treatment (75 mg/kg) (all P<0.001). While the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by the quercetin treatment in the liver mitochondria (P<0.001), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) increased (P<0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results, the potential hepatotoxicity of BPA can be prevented by quercetin, which protects the body against oxidative stress and BPA-induced biochemical toxicity. Moreover, the reproductive toxicity of BPA after environmental or occupational exposures can be potentially prohibited by quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mahdavinia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Said Alizadeh
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Raesi Vanani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dehghani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meysam Alipour
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hedayat Allah Shahmohammadi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sirous Rafiei Asl
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran
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97
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Telmisartan and/or chlorogenic acid attenuates fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats: Implications of cross-talk between angiotensin, the sphingosine kinase/sphingoine-1-phosphate pathway, and TLR4 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:252-262. [PMID: 31004566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) has been implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); the most common cause of chronic liver diseases. There is accumulating evidence that altered TLR4 and Sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1)/sphingosine1phosphate (S1P) signaling pathways are key players in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Cross talk of the sphingosine signaling pathway, toll-4 (TLR4) receptors, and angiotensin II was reported in various tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define the contribution of these two pathways to the hepatoprotective effects of telmisartan and/or chlorogenic acid (CGA) in NAFLD. CGA is a strong antioxidant that was previously reported to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme. Male Wistar rats were treated with either high-fructose, with or without telmisartan, CGA, telmisartan + CGA for 8 weeks. Untreated NAFL rats showed characteristics of NAFLD, as evidenced by significant increase in the body weight, insulin resistance, and serum hepatotoxicity markers (Alanine and Aspartate transaminases) and lipids as compared to the negative control group, in addition to characteristic histopathological alterations. Treatment with either telmisartan and/or CGA improved aforementioned parameters, in addition to upregulation of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase). Effect of inhibiting RAS on both sphingosine pathway and TLR4 was evident by the suppressing effect of telmisartan and/or CGA on high fructose-induced upregulation of hepatic SPK1 and S1P, in addition to concomitant up-regulation of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate receptor (S1PR)3 protein level and increased expression of S1PR1 and TLR4. As TLR4 and SPK/S1P signaling pathways play important roles in the progression of liver inflammation, the effect on sphingosine pathway and TLR4 was associated with decreased concentrations of inflammatory markers, enzyme kB kinase (IKK), nuclear factor-kB and tumor necrosis factor-α as compared to untreated NAFL group. In conclusion, the present data strongly suggests the cross-talk between angiotensin, the Sphingosine SPK/S1P Axis and TLR4 Receptors, and their role in the pathogenesis of fructose-induced NAFLD, and the protection afforded by drugs inhibiting RAS.
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Cao Y, Shi H, Sun Z, Wu J, Xia Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li X, Chen W, Wang A, Lu Y. Protective Effects of Magnesium Glycyrrhizinate on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Intestinal Toxicity May Be by Reducing COX-2. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:119. [PMID: 30971913 PMCID: PMC6444054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG), which has been widely employed to treat chronic hepatitis, is synthesized from 18-β glycyrrhizic acid, a main component of traditional Chinese medicine Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Although the protective effects of MgIG on methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver toxicity have been well-documented, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. MTX was initially used to treat pediatric acute leukemia, and has been widely applied to psoriasis therapy. However, its clinical applications are limited due to hepatotoxicity and intestinal toxicity. Herein, prophylactic administration of MgIG (9 and 18 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum of rats receiving intravenous injection of MTX (20 mg/kg body weight). MgIG also attenuated MTX-induced hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, it better protected against MTX-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and decreased the serum level of malondialdehyde than reduced glutathione (80 mg/kg/day) did. Interestingly, MTX-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, intestinal permeability and inflammation were attenuated after MgIG administration. In addition, MgIG (9 and 18 mg/kg) reduced MTX-induced colocalization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in intestinal villi. In conclusion, MgIG exerted beneficial effects on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and intestinal damage, as a potentially eligible drug for alleviating the hepatic and intestinal side effects of MTX during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Department of The First College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yawen Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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El-Hawary SS, Ali ZY, Younis IY. Hepatoprotective potential of standardized Ficus species in intrahepatic cholestasis rat model: Involvement of nuclear factor-κB, and Farnesoid X receptor signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:262-274. [PMID: 30458280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ficus is an important commercial crop not only for its nutritive value but also, for its medicinal value. Several Ficus species have been traditionally used in the Egypt, Indian and Chinese as carminative, astringent, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic agents. AIM OF THE STUDY To standardize and compare the possible hepatoprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of leaves of five tested Ficus species namely: Ficus mysorensis Roth ex Roem. & Schult, Ficus pyriformis Hook. & Arn., Ficus auriculata Lour., Ficus trigonata L., and Ficus spragueana Mildbr. & Burret in the intrahepatic cholestasis rat model induced by 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE) and to explore the mechanism of action with respect to their phytochemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Determination of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chromatographic examination and acute oral toxicity test were performed on the tested Ficus extracts. Animals were divided into 8 groups. Group 1, served as control for 2 weeks. Group 2, untreated cholestatic rats. Groups 3-8, pretreated with Ficus extracts (100 mg/Kg/day, p.o) or ursodeoxycholic acid (as reference drug) for 2 weeks and injected by EE in the last 5 days. Serum liver function test, 5'-nucleotidase (5'-N), total bile acids (TBA), total cholesterol (T.C) and phospholipids were assayed. Also, hepatic Na+/K+-ATPase, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and markers of oxidative stress were investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking study was performed to explore the ability of the major constituents of Ficus to interact with Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). RESULTS Four phenolic compounds (gallic, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acids and rutin) were identified. Chlorogenic acid and rutin represented the major constituents of Ficus extracts. Simultaneous administration of Ficus extracts with EE effectively: i- preserved liver function, TBA, T.C and phospholipids, ii- suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and TNF-α), iii- enhanced hepatic regeneration (HGF) and antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, molecular docking reveals that rutin and chlorogenic acid effectively act as FXR agonists. CONCLUSION Among the tested extracts, Ficus spragueana Mildbr. & Burret enriched with phenolics exhibited a pronounced hepatoprotective activity and may provide a new therapeutic approach for estrogen-induced cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Y Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 12553 Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas Y Younis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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Kalantari H, Asadmasjedi N, Abyaz MR, Mahdavinia M, Mohammadtaghvaei N. Protective effect of inulin on methotrexate- induced liver toxicity in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:943-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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