51
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Jung J, Zhang Y, Celiku O, Zhang W, Song H, Williams BJ, Giles AJ, Rich JN, Abounader R, Gilbert MR, Park DM. Mitochondrial NIX Promotes Tumor Survival in the Hypoxic Niche of Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5218-5232. [PMID: 31488423 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on mitochondrial functions to regulate key survival and death signals. How cancer cells regulate mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) in the tumor microenvironment as well as utilize mitophagy as a survival signal is still not well understood. Here, we elucidate a key survival mechanism of mitochondrial NIX-mediated mitophagy within the hypoxic region of glioblastoma, the most malignant brain tumor. NIX was overexpressed in the pseudopalisading cells that envelop the hypoxic-necrotic regions, and mitochondrial NIX expression was robust in patient-derived glioblastoma tumor tissues and glioblastoma stem cells. NIX was required for hypoxia and oxidative stress-induced mitophagy through NFE2L2/NRF2 transactivation. Silencing NIX impaired mitochondrial reactive oxygen species clearance, cancer stem cell maintenance, and HIF/mTOR/RHEB signaling pathways under hypoxia, resulting in suppression of glioblastoma survival in vitro and in vivo. Clinical significance of these findings was validated by the compelling association between NIX expression and poor outcome for patients with glioblastoma. Taken together, our findings indicate that the NIX-mediated mitophagic pathway may represent a key therapeutic target for solid tumors, including glioblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: NIX-mediated mitophagy regulates tumor survival in the hypoxic niche of glioblastoma microenvironment, providing a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/20/5218/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Jung
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brian J Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Deric M Park
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
- Neuro-Oncology Section, Department of Neurology, and the Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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52
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Patra S, Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Mahapatra KK, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Jena M, Bhutia SK. Dysregulation of histone deacetylases in carcinogenesis and tumor progression: a possible link to apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3263-3282. [PMID: 30982077 PMCID: PMC11105585 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the epigenome and constitutional epimutation lead to aberrant expression of the genes, which regulate cancer initiation and progression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are highly conserved in yeast to humans, are known to regulate numerous proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of chromatin structures, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitophagy. In addition, a non-permissive chromatin conformation is created by HDACs, preventing the transcription of the genes encoding the proteins associated with tumorigenesis. Recently, an expanding perspective has been reported from the clinical trials with HDACis (HDAC inhibitors), which has emerged as a determining target for the study of the detailed mechanisms underlying cancer progression. Therefore, the present review focuses on the comprehensive lucubration of post-translational modifications and the molecular mechanisms through which HDACs alter the ambiguities associated with epigenome, with particular insights into the initiation, progression, and regulation of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Debasna P Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- PG Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Brahmapur, 760007, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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53
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Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Behera BP, Mishra SR, Bhutia SK. The emerging, multifaceted role of mitophagy in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:45-58. [PMID: 31351198 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process which selectively eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome for degradation. Dysregulated mitophagy results in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The role of mitophagy receptors and adaptors including PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, BNIP3L/NIX, and p62/SQSTM1, and the signaling pathways that govern mitophagy are impaired in cancer. Furthermore, the contribution of mitophagy in regulating the metabolic switch may establish a balance between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation for cancer cell survival. Moreover, ROS-driven mitophagy achieves different goals depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. Mitophagy promotes plasticity in the cancer stem cell through the metabolic reconfiguration for better adaption to the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the present review sheds some light on the role of mitophagy in stemness and differentiation during the transition of cell's fate, which could have a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, this review deals with the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy, along with highlighting the dual role of mitophagy in different aspects of cancer, suggesting it as a possible target in the mitophagy-modulated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasna P Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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54
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Wang P, Guan D, Zhang XP, Liu F, Wang W. Modeling the regulation of p53 activation by HIF-1 upon hypoxia. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2596-2611. [PMID: 31282018 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a famous tumor suppressor, p53 is also activated under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia-inducuble factor 1, HIF-1, is involved in the activation of p53 upon hypoxia. However, how p53 is modulated by the HIF-1 pathway to decide cell fate is less understood. In this work, we developed a network model including p53 and HIF-1 pathways to clarify the mechanism of cell fate decision in response to hypoxia. We found that HIF-1α and p53 are activated under different conditions. Under moderate hypoxia, HIF-1α is activated to induce glycolysis or angiogenesis, and promotes partial accumulation of p53 by inducing PNUTS. Under severe hypoxia, p53 rises to high levels due to ATR-dependent stabilization and promotes Mdm2-dependent HIF-1α degradation. As a result, fully activated p53 triggers apoptosis. Of note, competition for p300 between HIF-1α and p53 plays a key role in regulating their transcriptional activities. This work may advance the understanding of the mechanism for p53 regulation by HIF-1 in the hypoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China
| | - Di Guan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, China.,Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China.,Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China.,Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, China
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55
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Anderson CM, Macleod KF. Autophagy and cancer cell metabolism. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 347:145-190. [PMID: 31451213 PMCID: PMC8211395 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an ancient catabolic process used by cells to clear excess or dysfunctional organelles and large subcellular structures and thus performs an important housekeeping role for the cell. Autophagy is acutely sensitive to nutrient availability and is upregulated at a transcriptional and posttranslational level in response to nutrient deprivation. This serves to promote turnover of cellular content and recycling of nutrients for continued growth and survival. While important for most normal tissues, tumor cells appear to be particularly dependent on autophagy for survival under ischemic or therapeutic stress, and in response to loss of matrix attachment; autophagy is upregulated markedly in cancers as they progress to malignancy. Ras-driven tumors appear to be particularly dependent on autophagy and thus inhibition of autophagy is being pursued as a productive clinical approach for such cancers. However, this enthusiasm needs to be offset against possible negative effects of autophagy inhibition on normal tissue function and on limiting antitumor immune responses. In addressing all of these topics, we focus in on understanding how autophagy is induced by nutrient stress, its role in recycling metabolites for growing tumors, how selective forms of autophagy, such as mitophagy and ribophagy contribute specifically to tumorigenesis, how autophagy in the tumor microenvironment and throughout the animal affects access of the tumor to nutrients, and finally how different oncogenic pathways may determine which tumors respond to autophagy inhibition and which ones will not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara M Anderson
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The Committee on Molecular Metabolism & Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The Committee on Molecular Metabolism & Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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56
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Humpton TJ, Alagesan B, DeNicola GM, Lu D, Yordanov GN, Leonhardt CS, Yao MA, Alagesan P, Zaatari MN, Park Y, Skepper JN, Macleod KF, Perez-Mancera PA, Murphy MP, Evan GI, Vousden KH, Tuveson DA. Oncogenic KRAS Induces NIX-Mediated Mitophagy to Promote Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1268-1287. [PMID: 31263025 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activating KRAS mutations are found in nearly all cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet effective clinical targeting of oncogenic KRAS remains elusive. Understanding of KRAS-dependent PDAC-promoting pathways could lead to the identification of vulnerabilities and the development of new treatments. We show that oncogenic KRAS induces BNIP3L/NIX expression and a selective mitophagy program that restricts glucose flux to the mitochondria and enhances redox capacity. Loss of Nix restores functional mitochondria to cells, increasing demands for NADPH reducing power and decreasing proliferation in glucose-limited conditions. Nix deletion markedly delays progression of pancreatic cancer and improves survival in a murine (KPC) model of PDAC. Although conditional Nix ablation in vivo initially results in the accumulation of mitochondria, mitochondrial content eventually normalizes via increased mitochondrial clearance programs, and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions progress to PDAC. We identify the KRAS-NIX mitophagy program as a novel driver of glycolysis, redox robustness, and disease progression in PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: NIX-mediated mitophagy is a new oncogenic KRAS effector pathway that suppresses functional mitochondrial content to stimulate cell proliferation and augment redox homeostasis. This pathway promotes the progression of PanIN to PDAC and represents a new dependency in pancreatic cancer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1143.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brinda Alagesan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georgi N Yordanov
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Carl S Leonhardt
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Melissa A Yao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Priya Alagesan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Maya N Zaatari
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Youngkyu Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Jeremy N Skepper
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pedro A Perez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard I Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. .,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
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57
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EWSR1-FLI1 Activation of the Cancer/Testis Antigen FATE1 Promotes Ewing Sarcoma Survival. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00138-19. [PMID: 31036566 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00138-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is characterized by a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation that generates the EWSR1-FLI1 chimeric transcription factor. The transcriptional targets of EWSR1-FLI1 that are essential for tumorigenicity are incompletely defined. Here, we found that EWSR1-FLI1 modulates the expression of cancer/testis (CT) antigen genes, whose expression is biased to the testes but is also activated in cancer. Among these CT antigens, fetal and adult testis expressed 1 (FATE1) is most robustly induced. EWSR1-FLI1 associates with the GGAA repeats in the proximal promoter of FATE1, which exhibits accessible chromatin exclusively in mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and Ewing sarcoma cells. Expression of EWSR1-FLI1 in non-Ewing sarcoma cells and in MPCs enhances FATE1 mRNA and protein expression. Conversely, depletion of EWSR1-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma cells leads to a loss of FATE1 expression. Importantly, we found that FATE1 is required for survival and anchorage-independent growth in Ewing sarcoma cells via attenuating the accumulation of BNIP3L, a BH3-only protein that is toxic when stabilized. This action appears to be mediated by the E3 ligase RNF183. We propose that engaging FATE1 function can permit the bypass of cell death mechanisms that would otherwise inhibit tumor progression.
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58
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Yu X, Gao C, Dai C, Yang F, Deng X. Endometrial injury increases expression of hypoxia-inducible factor and angiogenesis in the endometrium of women with recurrent implantation failure. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 38:761-767. [PMID: 30885666 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of this study was to compare expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), angiogenesis and apoptosis in endometrial tissue near the implantation window of women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and in fertile control women, and to describe possible mechanisms of endometrial injury. DESIGN A controlled clinical study was conducted. Endometrial tissue specimens were obtained from 20 women undergoing IVF who had had at least three previous failed treatment cycles; normal endometrial specimens were obtained from 10 fertile control women. RESULTS HIF-1α expression was down-regulated in the endometrium of women with RIF compared with that of control women. In addition, micro-vessel density (MVD) was much lower in the endometrium of women with RIF than in that of the control women. Apoptosis was significantly reduced in the endometrium of the RIF group compared with the control group. Endometrial injury increased HIF-1α expression and MVD in endometrial samples of the RIF group, but apoptosis was not significantly altered. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α expression, MVD and endometrial apoptosis were reduced in the peri-implantation endometrium of women with RIF. This suggests that altered endometrial HIF-1α expression and angiogenesis may contribute to implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Cong Gao
- Department of Burns Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Caifeng Dai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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59
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Qu H, Su Y, Yu L, Zhao H, Xin C. Wild-type p53 regulates OTOP2 transcription through DNA loop alteration of the promoter in colorectal cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 9:26-34. [PMID: 30652071 PMCID: PMC6325572 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and remains a major public health issue. Therefore, further investigation is required to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying colorectal tumorigenesis. Using CRC data taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we determined that the expression of otopetrin 2 (OTOP2) is highly correlated with malignancy grade and rate of patient survival. Here, we report that OTOP2 is down‐regulated in cancerous tissues and that elevated OTOP2 effectively suppresses tumor proliferation in vitro. We demonstrate that wild‐type p53 (wtp53), but not mutant p53 (mtp53), can regulate the transcription of otop2 in CRC cells. Subsequently, we investigate the chromatin architecture of the otop2 promoter, whereby we discover alterations in p53‐dependent DNA loop organization and CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) binding between cells with wtp53 and mtp53. In conclusion, our study promotes an in‐depth understanding of tumorigenesis, which may also lead to the development of therapeutic applications targeting human malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Qu
- Department of Oncology Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai Shandong China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Radiotherapy Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai Shandong China
| | - Lianzhi Yu
- Department of Physical Examination Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai Shandong China
| | - Hongchao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan China
| | - Chunxia Xin
- Department of Oncology Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai Shandong China
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60
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Chen X, Mims J, Huang X, Singh N, Motea E, Planchon SM, Beg M, Tsang AW, Porosnicu M, Kemp ML, Boothman DA, Furdui CM. Modulators of Redox Metabolism in Head and Neck Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1660-1690. [PMID: 29113454 PMCID: PMC6207163 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is a complex disease characterized by high genetic and metabolic heterogeneity. Radiation therapy (RT) alone or combined with systemic chemotherapy is widely used for treatment of HNSCC as definitive treatment or as adjuvant treatment after surgery. Antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor are used in definitive or palliative treatment. Recent Advances: Emerging targeted therapies against other proteins of interest as well as programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 immunotherapies are being explored in clinical trials. CRITICAL ISSUES The disease heterogeneity, invasiveness, and resistance to standard of care RT or chemoradiation therapy continue to constitute significant roadblocks for treatment and patients' quality of life (QOL) despite improvements in treatment modality and the emergence of new therapies over the past two decades. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As reviewed here, alterations in redox metabolism occur at all stages of HNSCC management, providing opportunities for improved prevention, early detection, response to therapies, and QOL. Bioinformatics and computational systems biology approaches are key to integrate redox effects with multiomics data from cells and clinical specimens and to identify redox modifiers or modifiable target proteins to achieve improved clinical outcomes. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jade Mims
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Xiumei Huang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Naveen Singh
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Edward Motea
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Muhammad Beg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Allen W. Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mercedes Porosnicu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David A. Boothman
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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61
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Identification of DNA methylation regulated novel host genes relevant to inhibition of virus replication in porcine PK15 cell using double stranded RNA mimics and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Genomics 2018; 111:1464-1473. [PMID: 30315899 PMCID: PMC7125705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During RNA viruses's replication, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is normally produced and induce host innate immune response. Most of gene activation due cytokine mediated but which are due to methylation mediated is still unknown. In the study, DNA methylome was integrated with our previous transcriptome data to investigate the differentially methylated regions and genes using MeDIP-chip technology. We found that the transcriptional expressions of 15, 37 and 18 genes were negatively related with their promoter DNA methylation levels in the cells treated by PolyI:C, Aza-CdR, as well as PolyI:C plus Aza-CdR, respectively, compared with the untreated cells. GO analysis revealed hypo-methylated genes (BNIP3L and CDK9) and a hyper-methylated gene (ZC3HAV1) involved in the host response to viral replication. Our results suggest that these novel genes targeted by DNA methylation can be potential markers relevant to virus replication and host innate immune response to set up a medical model of infectious diseases.
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62
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Veron V, Marandel L, Liu J, Vélez EJ, Lepais O, Panserat S, Skiba S, Seiliez I. DNA methylation of the promoter region of bnip3 and bnip3l genes induced by metabolic programming. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:677. [PMID: 30223788 PMCID: PMC6142374 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental changes of biotic or abiotic nature during critical periods of early development may exert a profound influence on physiological functions later in life. This process, named developmental programming can also be driven through parental nutrition. At molecular level, epigenetic modifications are the most likely candidate for persistent modulation of genes expression in later life. RESULTS In order to investigate epigenetic modifications induced by programming in rainbow trout, we focused on bnip3 and bnip3l paralogous genes known to be sensitive to environmental changes but also regulated by epigenetic modifications. Two specific stimuli were used: (i) early acute hypoxia applied at embryo stage and (ii) broodstock and fry methionine deficient diet, considering methionine as one of the main methyl-group donor needed for DNA methylation. We observed a programming effect of hypoxia with an increase of bnip3a and the four paralogs of bnip3l expression level in fry. In addition, parental methionine nutrition was correlated to bnip3a and bnip3lb1 expression showing evidence for early fry programming. We highlighted that both stimuli modified DNA methylation levels at some specific loci of bnip3a and bnip3lb1. CONCLUSION Overall, these data demonstrate that methionine level and hypoxia stimulus can be of critical importance in metabolic programming. Both stimuli affected DNA methylation of specific loci, among them, an interesting CpG site have been identified, namely - 884 bp site of bnip3a, and may be positively related with mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Veron
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jingwei Liu
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Emilio J Vélez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Lepais
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR Ecobiop, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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63
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Xu D, Chen P, Wang B, Wang Y, Miao N, Yin F, Cheng Q, Zhou Z, Xie H, Zhou L, Liu J, Wang X, Zent R, Lu L, Zhang W. NIX-mediated mitophagy protects against proteinuria-induced tubular cell apoptosis and renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F382-F395. [PMID: 30207166 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00360.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria, the most common symptom of renal injury, is an independent factor for renal tubular injury. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Mitochondrion is an important target for proteinuria-induced renal tubular cell injury. Insufficient mitophagy exacerbates cell injury by initiating mitochondrial dysfunction-related cell apoptosis. In the experiment, the role of NIP3-like protein X (NIX)-mediated mitophagy was investigated in proteinuria-induced renal injury. In this study, we demonstrated that NIX expression was reduced in renal tubules and correlated with the decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate and increase of the proteinuria in patients. In proteinuric mice, NIX-mediated mitophagy was significantly suppressed. Meanwhile, the proteinuric mice exhibited renal dysfunction, increased mitochondrial fragmentation, and tubular cell apoptosis. Overexpression of NIX attenuated those disruptions in proteinuric mice. In cultured renal tubular epithelial cells, albumin induced a decrease in NIX-mediated mitophagy and an increase in cell apoptosis. Overexpression of NIX attenuated albumin-induced cell apoptosis, whereas NIX siRNA aggravated these perturbations. These results indicate that proteinuria suppresses NIX-mediated mitophagy in the renal tubular epithelial cell, which triggers the cell undergoing mitochondria-dependent cell apoptosis. Collectively, our finding suggests that restoration of NIX-mediated mitophagy might be a novel therapeutic target for alleviating proteinuria-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Naijun Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhuanli Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Veterans Affairs Hospital , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Limin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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64
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Lu J, Chen J, Kang Y, Wu J, Shi H, Fu Y, Jiao L, Dong C, Li X, Jin Y, Zhao W, Xu L, Zhao X. Jinfukang induces cellular apoptosis through activation of Fas and DR4 in A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4343-4352. [PMID: 30197670 PMCID: PMC6126349 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine Jinfukang (JFK) has been shown as a valuable drug to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previously, it was reported that JFK-induced epigenetic alteration is involved in anti-lung cancer activity. In the present study, the effect of JFK on lung cancer cell lines was examined with the aim to further understand the underlying mechanisms of JFK-induced anti-lung cancer activity by transcriptome profiling analysis. JFK was observed to decrease lung cancer cell viability and simultaneously induce cellular morphology alteration. Additionally, this causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. The present RNA-seq analysis identified 5,281 genes with differential expression (P<0.05). Gene ontology analysis indicated that genes involved in the cell cycle pathway are downregulated, including cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin B1 and cyclin A2, and apoptosis-associated genes are upregulated, including Fas, death receptor 4 (DR4), tumor protein P53 binding protein 2 and BCL2 interacting protein 3 like. Particularly, the present results indicate knockdown of Fas and DR4 attenuates JFK-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Overall, the present study suggests JFK induces cellular apoptosis through activation of Fas and DR4 in A549 cells and provides an insight for understanding the antitumor mechanisms of this Chinese traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yani Kang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.,Tumor Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Jiao
- Tumor Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Dong
- Tumor Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Lab of Microbiology and Parasitology, Experimental Teaching Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Tumor Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.,Tumor Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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65
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Liu J, Zhang C, Hu W, Feng Z. Parkinson's disease-associated protein Parkin: an unusual player in cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:40. [PMID: 29941042 PMCID: PMC6020249 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation of the Parkin gene is a cause of familial Parkinson’s disease. A growing body of evidence suggests that Parkin also functions as a tumor suppressor. Parkin is an ubiquitin E3 ligase, and plays important roles in a variety of cellular processes implicated in tumorigenesis, including cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, mitophagy and metabolic reprogramming. Here we review the role and mechanism of Parkin in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
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66
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Abstract
Glucose is the key source for most organisms to provide energy, as well as the key source for metabolites to generate building blocks in cells. The deregulation of glucose homeostasis occurs in various diseases, including the enhanced aerobic glycolysis that is observed in cancers, and insulin resistance in diabetes. Although p53 is thought to suppress tumorigenesis primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence in response to stress, the non-canonical functions of p53 in cellular energy homeostasis and metabolism are also emerging as critical factors for tumor suppression. Increasing evidence suggests that p53 plays a significant role in regulating glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, the p53 family members p63 and p73, as well as gain-of-function p53 mutants, are also involved in glucose metabolism. Indeed, how this protein family regulates cellular energy levels is complicated and difficult to disentangle. This review discusses the roles of the p53 family in multiple metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, aerobic respiration, and autophagy. We also discuss how the dysregulation of the p53 family in these processes leads to diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Elucidating the complexities of the p53 family members in glucose homeostasis will improve our understanding of these diseases.
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67
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Mughal W, Martens M, Field J, Chapman D, Huang J, Rattan S, Hai Y, Cheung KG, Kereliuk S, West AR, Cole LK, Hatch GM, Diehl-Jones W, Keijzer R, Dolinsky VW, Dixon IM, Parmacek MS, Gordon JW. Myocardin regulates mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and prevents permeability transition. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1732-1748. [PMID: 29511336 PMCID: PMC6180099 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin is a transcriptional co-activator required for cardiovascular development, but also promotes cardiomyocyte survival through an unclear molecular mechanism. Mitochondrial permeability transition is implicated in necrosis, while pore closure is required for mitochondrial maturation during cardiac development. We show that loss of myocardin function leads to subendocardial necrosis at E9.5, concurrent with elevated expression of the death gene Nix. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that myocardin knockdown reduces microRNA-133a levels to allow Nix accumulation, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition, reduced mitochondrial respiration, and necrosis. Myocardin knockdown elicits calcium release from the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum with mitochondrial calcium accumulation, while restoration of microRNA-133a function, or knockdown of Nix rescues calcium perturbations. We observed reduced myocardin and elevated Nix expression within the infarct border-zone following coronary ligation. These findings identify a myocardin-regulated pathway that maintains calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function during development, and is attenuated during ischemic heart disease. Given the diverse role of Nix and microRNA-133a, these findings may have broader implications to metabolic disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajihah Mughal
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew Martens
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jared Field
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biological Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donald Chapman
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jianhe Huang
- Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Rattan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kyle G Cheung
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kereliuk
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Adrian R West
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - William Diehl-Jones
- Department of Biological Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Edmonton, MB, Canada
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ian M Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael S Parmacek
- Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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68
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Identification of microRNA signature in the progression of gestational trophoblastic disease. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:94. [PMID: 29367697 PMCID: PMC5833456 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a range of trophoblast-derived disorders. The most common type of GTD is hydatidiform mole (HM). Some of HMs can further develop into malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) is widely reported to be involved in the initiation and progression of cancers. MiRNA expression profile also has been proved to be the useful signature for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and response to chemotherapy. Till now, the profile of miRNA in the progression of GTD has not been determined. In this study, a total of 34 GTN and 60 complete HMs (CHM) trophoblastic tissues were collected. By miRNA array screening and qRT-PCR validating, six miRNAs, including miR-370-3p, -371a-5p, -518a-3p, -519d-3p, -520a-3p, and -934, were identified to be differentially expressed in GTN vs. CHM. Functional analyses further proved that miR-371a-5p and miR-518a-3p promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of choriocarcinoma cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-371a-5p was negatively related to protein levels of its predictive target genes BCCIP, SOX2, and BNIP3L, while miR-518a-3p was negatively related to MST1 and EFNA4. For the first time, we proved that miR-371a-5p and miR-518a-3p directly targeted to 3′-UTR regions of BCCIP and MST1, respectively. Additionally, we found that miR-371a-5p and miR-518a-3p regulated diverse pathways related to tumorigenesis and metastasis in choriocarcinoma cells. The results presented here may offer new clues to the progression of GTD and may provide diagnostic biomarkers for GTN.
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69
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Drake LE, Springer MZ, Poole LP, Kim CJ, Macleod KF. Expanding perspectives on the significance of mitophagy in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:110-124. [PMID: 28450176 PMCID: PMC5654704 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective mode of autophagy in which mitochondria are specifically targeted for degradation at the autophagolysosome. Mitophagy is activated by stresses such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, DNA damage, inflammation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization and plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function. Defects in mitophagy lead to mitochondrial dysfunction that can affect metabolic reprogramming in response to stress, alter cell fate determination and differentiation, which in turn affects disease incidence and etiology, including cancer. Here, we discuss how different mitophagy adaptors and modulators, including Parkin, BNIP3, BNIP3L, p62/SQSTM1 and OPTN, are regulated in response to physiological stresses and deregulated in cancers. Additionally, we explore how these different mitophagy control pathways coordinate with each other. Finally, we review new developments in understanding how mitophagy affects stemness, cell fate determination, inflammation and DNA damage responses that are relevant to understanding the role of mitophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Drake
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Maya Z Springer
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, USA; The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Logan P Poole
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, USA; The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Casey J Kim
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, USA; The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, USA.
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70
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Overlooked FANCD2 variant encodes a promising, portent tumor suppressor, and alternative polyadenylation contributes to its expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22490-22500. [PMID: 28157704 PMCID: PMC5410239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) complementation group D2 protein (FANCD2) is the center of the FA tumor suppressor pathway, which has become an important field of investigation in human aging and cancer. Here we report an overlooked central player in the FA pathway, FANCD2 variant 2 (FANCD2-V2), which appears to perform more potent tumor suppressor-function compared to the known variant of FANCD2, namely, FANCD2-V1. Detailed analysis of the FANCD2 gene structure indicated a proximal and distal polyadenylation site (PAS), associated with V2 and V1 transcripts accordingly. RNA polymerase II Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) targeting the two PAS-regions determined lesser binding of RNA pol II to DNA fragments in the distal PAS region in non-malignant cells compared to malignant cells. Conversely, the opposite occurred in the proximal PAS region. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) identified that U2 snRNP, a major component of RNA splicing complex that interacts with the 3′end of an intron, showed greater binding to the last intron of the FANCD2-V1 transcript in malignant cells compared to the non-malignant cells. Importantly, our data showed that in human tissue samples, the ratio of V2 /V1 expression in lung, bladder, or ovarian cancer correlates inversely with the tumor stages/grades. Therefore, these findings provide a previously unrecognized central player FANCD2-V2 and thus novel insights into human tumorigenesis, and indicate that V2/V1 can act as an effective biomarker in assisting the recognition of tumor malignance.
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71
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Yuan Y, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wu X, Wu J, Shen Z, Jiang L, Wang L, Yang W, Luo J, Qin Z, Hu W, Chen Z. BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy protects against ischemic brain injury independent of PARK2. Autophagy 2017; 13:1754-1766. [PMID: 28820284 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1357792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia induces massive mitochondrial damage. These damaged mitochondria are cleared, thus attenuating brain injury, by mitophagy. Here, we identified the involvement of BNIP3L/NIX in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I-R)-induced mitophagy. Bnip3l knockout (bnip3l-/-) impaired mitophagy and aggravated cerebral I-R injury in mice, which can be rescued by BNIP3L overexpression. The rescuing effects of BNIP3L overexpression can be observed in park2-/- mice, which showed mitophagy deficiency after I-R. Interestingly, bnip3l and park2 double-knockout mice showed a synergistic mitophagy deficiency with I-R treatment, which further highlighted the roles of BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy as being independent from PARK2. Further experiments indicated that phosphorylation of BNIP3L serine 81 is critical for BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy. Nonphosphorylatable mutant BNIP3LS81A failed to counteract both mitophagy impairment and neuroprotective effects in bnip3l-/- mice. Our findings offer insights into mitochondrial quality control in ischemic stroke and bring forth the concept that BNIP3L could be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke, beyond its accepted role in reticulocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ying Chen
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhe Shen
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lei Jiang
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lu Wang
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Wei Yang
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhenghong Qin
- c Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases , Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science , Suzhou , China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhong Chen
- a Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Heiland DH, Demerath T, Kellner E, Kiselev VG, Pfeifer D, Schnell O, Staszewski O, Urbach H, Weyerbrock A, Mader I. Molecular differences between cerebral blood volume and vessel size in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11083-11093. [PMID: 27613830 PMCID: PMC5355248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular background of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and vessel size (VS) of capillaries in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Both parameters are derived from extended perfusion MR imaging.A prospective case study including 21 patients (median age 66 years, 10 females) was performed. Before operation, CBV and VS of contrast enhancing tumor were assessed. Tissue was sampled from the assessed areas under neuronavigation control. After RNA extraction, transcriptional data was analyzed by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and split into modules based on its network affiliations. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified biological functions or pathways of the genetic modules. These were applied on 484 GBM samples of the TCGA database.Ten modules were highly correlated to CBV and VS. One module was exclusively associated to VS and highly correlated to hypoxia, another one exclusively to CBV showing strong enrichments in the Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF) pathway and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT). Moreover, patients with increased CBV and VS predominantly showed a mesenchymal gene-expression, a finding that could be corroborated by TCGA data.In conclusion, CBV and VS mirror different genetic pathways and reflect certain molecular subclasses of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Theo Demerath
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital, Medical Center Universtiy of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elias Kellner
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valerij G Kiselev
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ori Staszewski
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Weyerbrock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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73
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Fischer M. Census and evaluation of p53 target genes. Oncogene 2017; 36:3943-3956. [PMID: 28288132 PMCID: PMC5511239 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 functions primarily as a transcription factor. Mutation of the TP53 gene alters its response pathway, and is central to the development of many cancers. The discovery of a large number of p53 target genes, which confer p53's tumor suppressor function, has led to increasingly complex models of p53 function. Recent meta-analysis approaches, however, are simplifying our understanding of how p53 functions as a transcription factor. In the survey presented here, a total set of 3661 direct p53 target genes is identified that comprise 3509 potential targets from 13 high-throughput studies, and 346 target genes from individual gene analyses. Comparison of the p53 target genes reported in individual studies with those identified in 13 high-throughput studies reveals limited consistency. Here, p53 target genes have been evaluated based on the meta-analysis data, and the results show that high-confidence p53 target genes are involved in multiple cellular responses, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, autophagy, mRNA translation and feedback mechanisms. However, many p53 target genes are identified only in a small number of studies and have a higher likelihood of being false positives. While numerous mechanisms have been proposed for mediating gene regulation in response to p53, recent advances in our understanding of p53 function show that p53 itself is solely an activator of transcription, and gene downregulation by p53 is indirect and requires p21. Taking into account the function of p53 as an activator of transcription, recent results point to an unsophisticated means of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fischer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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74
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Human DBR1 modulates the recycling of snRNPs to affect alternative RNA splicing and contributes to the suppression of cancer development. Oncogene 2017; 36:5382-5391. [PMID: 28504715 PMCID: PMC5608638 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of RNA processing to tumorigenesis is understudied. Here, we report that the human RNA debranching enzyme (hDBR1), when inappropriately regulated, induces oncogenesis by causing RNA processing defects, for example, splicing defects. We found that wild-type p53 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 co-regulate hDBR1 expression, and insufficient hDBR1 leads to a higher rate of exon skipping. Transcriptomic sequencing confirmed the effect of hDBR1 on RNA splicing, and metabolite profiling supported the observation that neoplasm is triggered by a decrease in hDBR1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, when modulating the expression of hDBR1, which was found to be generally low in malignant human tissues, higher expression of hDBR1 only affected exon-skipping activity in malignant cells. Together, our findings demonstrate previously unrecognized regulation and functions of hDBR1, with immediate clinical implications regarding the regulation of hDBR1 as an effective strategy for combating human cancer.
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75
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Preconditioning of primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells without tryptophan increases survival under hypoxia by inducing autophagy. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:1297-1307. [PMID: 28417340 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Autophagy protects from AKI. Amino acid deprivation induces autophagy. The effect of L-tryptophan depletion on survival and autophagy in cultures of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) under hypoxia was evaluated. METHODS RPTECs were preconditioned in a medium containing or not tryptophan, following culture under hypoxia and treatment with or without the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Cell survival was assessed by cell imaging, the level of certain proteins by western blotting and cellular ATP fluorometrically. RESULTS Preconditioning of RPTECs in a medium without tryptophan activated general control nonderepressible 2 kinase and induced changes that favored autophagy and cell survival under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, it increased cellular ATP, while it inhibited apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy nullified the induced increase in cellular ATP and cell survival by the absence of tryptophan. The absence of tryptophan increased p53, although its effect on p53's transcriptional targets was heterogeneous. In accordance with the decreased apoptosis, expression of p21 increased, while expression of Bax decreased. The expression of BNIP3L, which may be pro-apoptotic or pro-autophagic, increased. Considering the decreased apoptosis, it is likely that tryptophan depletion enhances autophagy through a p53-mediated increase of BNIP3L. CONCLUSION Preconditioning of primary human RPTECs in a medium without tryptophan increases their survival under hypoxia by inducing autophagy. Identifying new molecular mechanisms that protect renal tissue from hypoxia could be proved clinically important in the prevention of AKI.
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Hasmim M, Janji B, Khaled M, Noman MZ, Louache F, Bordereaux D, Abderamane A, Baud V, Mami-Chouaib F, Chouaib S. Cutting Edge: NANOG Activates Autophagy under Hypoxic Stress by Binding to BNIP3L Promoter. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1423-1428. [PMID: 28093523 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia upregulates the core pluripotency factors NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4, associated with tumor aggressiveness and resistance to conventional anticancer treatments. We have previously reported that hypoxia-induced NANOG contributed in vitro to tumor cell resistance to autologous-specific CTL and in vivo to the in situ recruitment of immune-suppressive cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying NANOG-mediated tumor cell resistance to specific lysis under hypoxia. We demonstrated the tumor-promoting effect of hypoxia on tumor initiation into immunodeficient mice using human non-small lung carcinoma cells. We next showed a link between NANOG and autophagy activation under hypoxia because inhibition of NANOG decreased autophagy in tumor cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays revealed a direct binding of NANOG to a transcriptionally active site in a BNIP3L enhancer sequence. These data establish a new link between the pluripotency factor NANOG and autophagy involved in resistance to CTL under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Hasmim
- INSERM UMR1186, Immunologie Intégrative des Tumeurs, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- INSERM UMR1186, Immunologie Intégrative des Tumeurs, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- INSERM UMR1186, Immunologie Intégrative des Tumeurs, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Fawzia Louache
- INSERM U1009, Institut Gustave Roussy, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 54, 94800 Villejuif, France; and
| | - Didier Bordereaux
- NF-κB, Differentiation, and Cancer, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Abdou Abderamane
- INSERM UMR1186, Immunologie Intégrative des Tumeurs, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Veronique Baud
- NF-κB, Differentiation, and Cancer, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR1186, Immunologie Intégrative des Tumeurs, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR1186, Immunologie Intégrative des Tumeurs, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
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p75 neurotrophin receptor and its novel interaction partner, NIX, are involved in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:13-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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78
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East DA, Campanella M. Mitophagy and the therapeutic clearance of damaged mitochondria for neuroprotection. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:382-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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79
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Cummins EP, Keogh CE. Respiratory gases and the regulation of transcription. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:986-1002. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P. Cummins
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara E. Keogh
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
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80
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Moriishi T, Fukuyama R, Miyazaki T, Furuichi T, Ito M, Komori T. Overexpression of BCLXL in Osteoblasts Inhibits Osteoblast Apoptosis and Increases Bone Volume and Strength. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1366-80. [PMID: 26852895 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl2 family proteins, Bcl2 and BclXL, suppress apoptosis by preventing the release of caspase activators from mitochondria through the inhibition of Bax subfamily proteins. We reported that BCL2 overexpression in osteoblasts using the 2.3 kb Col1a1 promoter increased osteoblast proliferation, failed to reduce osteoblast apoptosis, inhibited osteoblast maturation, and reduced the number of osteocyte processes, leading to massive osteocyte death. We generated BCLXL (BCL2L1) transgenic mice using the same promoter to investigate BCLXL functions in bone development and maintenance. Bone mineral density in the trabecular bone of femurs was increased, whereas that in the cortical bone was similar to that in wild-type mice. Osteocyte process formation was unaffected and bone structures were similar to those in wild-type mice. A micro-CT analysis showed that trabecular bone volume in femurs and vertebrae and the cortical thickness of femurs were increased. A dynamic bone histomorphometric analysis revealed that the mineralizing surface was larger in trabecular bone, and the bone-formation rate was increased in cortical bone. Serum osteocalcin but not TRAP5b was increased, BrdU-positive osteoblastic cell numbers were increased, TUNEL-positive osteoblastic cell numbers were reduced, and osteoblast marker gene expression was enhanced in BCLXL transgenic mice. The three-point bending test indicated that femurs were stronger in BCLXL transgenic mice than in wild-type mice. The frequency of TUNEL-positive primary osteoblasts was lower in BCLXL transgenic mice than in wild-type mice during cultivation, and osteoblast differentiation was enhanced but depended on cell density, indicating that enhanced differentiation was mainly owing to reduced apoptosis. Increased trabecular and cortical bone volumes were maintained during aging in male and female mice. These results indicate that BCLXL overexpression in osteoblasts increased the trabecular and cortical bone volumes with normal structures and maintained them majorly by preventing osteoblast apoptosis, implicating BCLXL as a therapeutic target of osteoporosis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Furuichi
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masako Ito
- Center for Diversity and Inclusion, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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81
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Abstract
The p53 protein is essential for the implementation of the cellular response to challenging environmental conditions. Reacting to stochastic nutrient stress, p53 integrates the activity of key metabolite-sensing pathways to coordinate an appropriate cell response. During starvation, p53 activity augments cell survival pathways, inhibits unnecessary growth, and promotes efficient nutrient generation, utilization, and conservation. Similarly, during oxygen stress, p53 facilitates redirection of cellular metabolism toward energy generation through nonoxidative means, the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and ROS detoxification-promoting cell survival. However, if adverse conditions are too acute or persistent, p53 can switch roles to implement canonical cell killing. The ability of p53 to regulate metabolism is a powerful feature of p53 biology that can both promote cell survival and act as a check on the inappropriate proliferation of cancer cells.
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82
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Huang Q, Li L, Lin Z, Xu W, Han S, Zhao C, Li L, Cao W, Yang X, Wei H, Xiao J. Identification of Preferentially Expressed Antigen of Melanoma as a Potential Tumor Suppressor in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1837-42. [PMID: 27241212 PMCID: PMC4913835 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) is known as a tumor-associated antigen that is altered in a variety of malignancies, including lung cancer. However, the role of PRAME in lung cancer remains unclear. Material/Methods We analyzed the expression of PRAME in human lung adenocarcinomas and studied the function of PRAME using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced gene knockdown in lung cancer cell lines PC9 and A549. Results We found that PRAME expression is down-regulated in lung adenocarcinomas. Knockdown of PRAME promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of PC9 and A549 cells. Conclusions In line with its roles in controlling cell growth, RPAME regulates multiple critical cell-growth related genes, including IGF1R oncogene. IGF1R up-regulation contributes to increase of cell growth upon the knockdown of PRAME. Taken together, our results suggest that PRAME has inhibitory roles in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zaijun Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Xu
- , The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjiao Cao
- , The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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83
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Li P, Zhang D, Shen L, Dong K, Wu M, Ou Z, Shi D. Redox homeostasis protects mitochondria through accelerating ROS conversion to enhance hypoxia resistance in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22831. [PMID: 26956544 PMCID: PMC4783784 DOI: 10.1038/srep22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells and the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypoxic cells, participating in regulating redox homeostasis. The mechanism of tumor hypoxia tolerance, especially the role of mitochondria in tumor hypoxia resistance remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of mitochondria in tumor hypoxia resistance. We observed that glycolysis in hypoxic cancer cells was up-regulated more rapidly, with far lesser attenuation in aerobic oxidation, thus contributing to a more stable ATP/ADP ratio. In hypoxia, cancer cells rapidly convert hypoxia-induced O(2˙)(-) into H2O2. H2O2 is further decomposed by a relatively stronger antioxidant system, causing ROS levels to increase lesser compared to normal cells. The moderate ROS leads to an appropriate degree of autophagy, eliminating the damaged mitochondria and offering nutrients to promote mitochondria fusion, thus protects mitochondria and improves hypoxia tolerance in cancer. The functional mitochondria could enable tumor cells to flexibly switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to meet the different physiological requirements during the hypoxia/re-oxygenation cycling of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiao Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelei Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouluo Ou
- Cancer Research Institute of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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84
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Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process crucial for adaptation to stress and cellular homeostasis. In cancer, autophagy has been demonstrated to serve multifaceted roles in tumor initiation and progression. Although genetic evidence corroborates a role for autophagy as a tumor suppressor mechanism during tumor initiation, autophagy also sustains metabolic pathways in cancer cells and promotes survival within the harsh tumor microenvironment and in response to diverse anticancer therapies. Moreover, though traditionally viewed as an autodigestive process, more recent work demonstrates that autophagy also facilitates cellular secretion; the importance of these new functions of the autophagy pathway is being increasingly appreciated during cancer progression and treatment. In this review, we discuss how these evolving and diverse roles for autophagy both impede and promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - J Debnath
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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85
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Hamacher-Brady A, Brady NR. Mitophagy programs: mechanisms and physiological implications of mitochondrial targeting by autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:775-95. [PMID: 26611876 PMCID: PMC4735260 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are an essential source of ATP for cellular function, but when damaged, mitochondria generate a plethora of stress signals, which lead to cellular dysfunction and eventually programmed cell death. Thus, a major component of maintaining cellular homeostasis is the recognition and removal of dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagy-mediated degradation, i.e., mitophagy. Mitophagy further constitutes a developmental program, and undergoes a high degree of crosstalk with apoptosis. Reduced mitochondrial quality control is linked to disease pathogenesis, suggesting the importance of process elucidation as a clinical target. Recent work has revealed multiple mitophagy programs that operate independently or undergo crosstalk, and require modulated autophagy receptor activities at outer membranes of mitochondria. Here, we review these mitophagy programs, focusing on pathway mechanisms which recognize and target mitochondria for sequestration by autophagosomes, as well as mechanisms controlling pathway activities. Furthermore, we provide an introduction to the currently available methods for detecting mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hamacher-Brady
- Lysosomal Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, INF 267, BQ0045, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nathan Ryan Brady
- Systems Biology of Cell Death Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, INF 267, BQ0045, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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A conserved MADS-box phosphorylation motif regulates differentiation and mitochondrial function in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1944. [PMID: 26512955 PMCID: PMC5399178 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to metabolic disease during fetal development alters cellular differentiation and perturbs metabolic homeostasis, but the underlying molecular regulators of this phenomenon in muscle cells are not completely understood. To address this, we undertook a computational approach to identify cooperating partners of the myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors, known regulators of muscle differentiation and metabolic function. We demonstrate that MEF2 and the serum response factor (SRF) collaboratively regulate the expression of numerous muscle-specific genes, including microRNA-133a (miR-133a). Using tandem mass spectrometry techniques, we identify a conserved phosphorylation motif within the MEF2 and SRF Mcm1 Agamous Deficiens SRF (MADS)-box that regulates miR-133a expression and mitochondrial function in response to a lipotoxic signal. Furthermore, reconstitution of MEF2 function by expression of a neutralizing mutation in this identified phosphorylation motif restores miR-133a expression and mitochondrial membrane potential during lipotoxicity. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that miR-133a regulates mitochondrial function through translational inhibition of a mitophagy and cell death modulating protein, called Nix. Finally, we show that rodents exposed to gestational diabetes during fetal development display muscle diacylglycerol accumulation, concurrent with insulin resistance, reduced miR-133a, and elevated Nix expression, as young adult rats. Given the diverse roles of miR-133a and Nix in regulating mitochondrial function, and proliferation in certain cancers, dysregulation of this genetic pathway may have broad implications involving insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer biology.
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87
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Saad MA, Kuo SZ, Rahimy E, Zou AE, Korrapati A, Rahimy M, Kim E, Zheng H, Yu MA, Wang-Rodriguez J, Ongkeko WM. Alcohol-dysregulated miR-30a and miR-934 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:181. [PMID: 26472042 PMCID: PMC4608114 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the molecular mechanisms by which alcohol promotes HNSCC pathogenesis and progression remain poorly understood. Our study sought to identify microRNAs that are dysregulated in alcohol-associated HNSCC and investigate their contribution to the malignant phenotype. METHOD Using RNA-sequencing data from 136 HNSCC patients, we compared the expression levels of 1,046 microRNAs between drinking and non-drinking cohorts. Dysregulated microRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR in normal oral keratinocytes treated with biologically relevant doses of ethanol and acetaldehyde. The most promising microRNA candidates were investigated for their effects on cellular proliferation and invasion, sensitivity to cisplatin, and expression of cancer stem cell genes. Finally, putative target genes were identified and evaluated in vitro to further establish roles for these miRNAs in alcohol-associated HNSCC. RESULTS From RNA-sequencing analysis we identified 8 miRNAs to be significantly upregulated in alcohol-associated HNSCCs. qRT-PCR experiments determined that among these candidates, miR-30a and miR-934 were the most highly upregulated in vitro by alcohol and acetaldehyde. Overexpression of miR-30a and miR-934 in normal and HNSCC cell lines produced up to a 2-fold increase in cellular proliferation, as well as induction of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2. Upon inhibition of these miRNAs, HNSCC cell lines exhibited increased sensitivity to cisplatin and reduced matrigel invasion. miRNA knockdown also indicated direct targeting of several tumor suppressor genes by miR-30a and miR-934. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol induces the dysregulation of miR-30a and miR-934, which may play crucial roles in HNSCC pathogenesis and progression. Future investigation of the alcohol-mediated pathways effecting these transformations will prove valuable for furthering the understanding and treatment of alcohol-associated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarouf A Saad
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Selena Z Kuo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Elham Rahimy
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Angela E Zou
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Avinaash Korrapati
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Mehran Rahimy
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Kim
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Hao Zheng
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Andrew Yu
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Administration Health Care System, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Weg M Ongkeko
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
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88
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Mitochondrial degradation and energy metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2812-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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89
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Zhou CH, Zhang XP, Liu F, Wang W. Modeling the interplay between the HIF-1 and p53 pathways in hypoxia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13834. [PMID: 26346319 PMCID: PMC4561886 DOI: 10.1038/srep13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and tumor suppressor p53 are involved in the cellular response to hypoxia. How the two transcription factors interact to determine cell fates is less well understood. Here, we developed a network model to characterize crosstalk between the HIF-1 and p53 pathways, taking into account that HIF-1α and p53 are targeted for proteasomal degradation by Mdm2 and compete for binding to limiting co-activator p300. We reported the network dynamics under various hypoxic conditions and revealed how the stabilization and transcriptional activities of p53 and HIF-1α are modulated to determine the cell fate. We showed that both the transrepression and transactivation activities of p53 promote apoptosis induction. This work provides new insight into the mechanism for the cellular response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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90
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Abstract
The predominant function of the tumor suppressor p53 is transcriptional regulation. It is generally accepted that p53-dependent transcriptional activation occurs by binding to a specific recognition site in promoters of target genes. Additionally, several models for p53-dependent transcriptional repression have been postulated. Here, we evaluate these models based on a computational meta-analysis of genome-wide data. Surprisingly, several major models of p53-dependent gene regulation are implausible. Meta-analysis of large-scale data is unable to confirm reports on directly repressed p53 target genes and falsifies models of direct repression. This notion is supported by experimental re-analysis of representative genes reported as directly repressed by p53. Therefore, p53 is not a direct repressor of transcription, but solely activates its target genes. Moreover, models based on interference of p53 with activating transcription factors as well as models based on the function of ncRNAs are also not supported by the meta-analysis. As an alternative to models of direct repression, the meta-analysis leads to the conclusion that p53 represses transcription indirectly by activation of the p53-p21-DREAM/RB pathway.
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Key Words
- CDE, cell cycle-dependent element
- CDKN1A
- CHR, cell cycle genes homology region
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DREAM complex
- DREAM, DP, RB-like, E2F4, and MuvB complex
- E2F/RB complex
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- NF-Y, Nuclear factor Y
- cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- genome-wide meta-analysis
- p53
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology; Medical School ; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
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91
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Leszczynska KB, Foskolou IP, Abraham AG, Anbalagan S, Tellier C, Haider S, Span PN, O’Neill EE, Buffa FM, Hammond EM. Hypoxia-induced p53 modulates both apoptosis and radiosensitivity via AKT. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2385-98. [PMID: 25961455 PMCID: PMC4497762 DOI: 10.1172/jci80402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of hypoxia-induced apoptosis in tumors harboring p53 mutations has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy; however, the transcriptional targets that mediate hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis is reliant on the DNA-binding and transactivation domains of p53 but not on the acetylation sites K120 and K164, which, in contrast, are essential for DNA damage-induced, p53-dependent apoptosis. Evaluation of hypoxia-induced transcripts in multiple cell lines identified a group of genes that are hypoxia-inducible proapoptotic targets of p53, including inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (INPP5D), pleckstrin domain-containing A3 (PHLDA3), sulfatase 2 (SULF2), B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2), and KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 3 (KANK3). These targets were also regulated by p53 in human cancers, including breast, brain, colorectal, kidney, bladder, and melanoma cancers. Downregulation of these hypoxia-inducible targets associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that hypoxia-induced apoptosis contributes to p53-mediated tumor suppression and treatment response. Induction of p53 targets, PHLDA3, and a specific INPP5D transcript mediated apoptosis in response to hypoxia through AKT inhibition. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of AKT led to apoptosis in the hypoxic regions of p53-deficient tumors and consequently increased radiosensitivity. Together, these results identify mediators of hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis and suggest AKT inhibition may improve radiotherapy response in p53-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B. Leszczynska
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iosifina P. Foskolou
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aswin G. Abraham
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Selvakumar Anbalagan
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Céline Tellier
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Haider
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Span
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology 874, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric E. O’Neill
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M. Buffa
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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92
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Song J, Yoon D, Christensen RD, Horvathova M, Thiagarajan P, Prchal JT. HIF-mediated increased ROS from reduced mitophagy and decreased catalase causes neocytolysis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:857-66. [PMID: 26017143 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED During prolonged hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate an increase in erythropoiesis, leading to an increased red blood cell (RBC) mass and polycythemia. Upon return to normoxia, the increased RBC mass is abruptly overcorrected by the preferential destruction of hypoxia-formed young RBCs, a phenomenon termed neocytolysis. The molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in neocytolysis are unknown. We developed a murine model of neocytolysis by exposing mice to 12 % oxygen for 10 days followed by return to normoxia. Upon return to normoxia, there was excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RBCs from an increased reticulocyte mitochondrial mass correlating with decreased Bnip3L transcripts (Bnip3L mediates reticulocyte mitophagy) and reduced catalase activity. During hypoxia, upregulated miR-21 resulted in low catalase activity in young RBCs. Furthermore, neocytolysis was attenuated by antioxidants and plasma catalase and blunted in mice that had constitutively high expression of HIFs. Among human neonates studied, we report data supporting the existence of neocytolysis during the first week of life. Together, these experiments indicate that the major mechanisms causing neocytolysis involve (1) production of young RBCs with low catalase during hypoxia and (2) lysis of the young RBCs after return to normoxia, mediated by ROS from an increased mitochondrial mass. KEY MESSAGES We report a mouse model of neocytolysis. Neocytolysis is caused by excessive ROS formation mediated by HIF. ROS is generated from increased mitochondria in reticulocytes. Hypoxia-generated RBCs have low catalase and are preferentially destroyed. Reduced catalase is regulated by increased microRNA-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Song
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
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93
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Abstract
The presence of hypoxia within a tumor is associated with poor clinical outcome, which is often exacerbated by loss of the tumor suppressor p53. In the presence of functional p53, hypoxic conditions promote apoptosis; however, the p53-dependent genes that mediate this process are not well understood. In this issue of the JCI, Leszczynska and colleagues identify a p53-dependent six-gene signature that is specifically induced in hypoxia and mediates apoptosis. In patients with a variety of cancers, downregulation of this gene signature was associated with poor clinical outcome. Induction of p53-dependent apoptosis under hypoxia was mediated by AKT inhibition, and treatment with the combination of an AKT inhibitor and ionizing radiation decreased tumor size in a p53-deficient xenograft model more substantially than either single-agent treatment. The results of this study provide important insight into p53-mediated apoptosis under hypoxia and suggest that AKT inhibition has therapeutic potential for inducing apoptosis in hypoxic, p53-deficient cancers.
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94
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Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective form of macro-autophagy in which mitochondria are selectively targeted for degradation in autophagolysosomes. Mitophagy can have the beneficial effect of eliminating old and/or damaged mitochondria, thus maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial pool. However, mitophagy is not only limited to the turnover of dysfunctional mitochondria but also promotes reduction of overall mitochondrial mass in response to certain stresses, such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation. This prevents generation of reactive oxygen species and conserves valuable nutrients (such as oxygen) from being consumed inefficiently, thereby promoting cellular survival under conditions of energetic stress. The failure to properly modulate mitochondrial turnover in response to oncogenic stresses has been implicated both positively and negatively in tumorigenesis, while the potential of targeting mitophagy specifically as opposed to autophagy in general as a therapeutic strategy remains to be explored. The challenges and opportunities that come with our heightened understanding of the role of mitophagy in cancer are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita H Chourasia
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA ; The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Michelle L Boland
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA ; The Committee on Molecular Metabolism & Nutrition, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA ; The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA ; The Committee on Molecular Metabolism & Nutrition, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA ; The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W338 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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95
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Panneerselvam J, Pickering A, Han B, Li L, Zheng J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Fei P. Basal level of FANCD2 monoubiquitination is required for the maintenance of a sufficient number of licensed-replication origins to fire at a normal rate. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1326-37. [PMID: 24658369 PMCID: PMC4012723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal DNA replication starts following the stepwise recruitment of replication initiators to assemble Mini-chromosome Maintenance (MCM) 2-7 protein complexes at an adequate amount of DNA replication origins. Under normal conditions, the monoubiquitination of Fanconi Anemia (FA) group D2 protein (FANCD2) occurs in each S-phase of cell cycle, which is the basal level of FANCD2 monoubiquitination. However, little is known regarding the roles of this basal level of monoubiquitinated FANCD2. Here we show that monoubiquitinated FANCD2 in each S-phase of normal cell cycle is essential for replication origins to fire at a normal rate. We found that the basal level of the monoubiquitinated FANCD2 can interact with replication origins as well as mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) in an S-phase specific manner to secure an enough number of the licensed-origins to fire. Non-monoubiquitinated FANCD2 or mutant MCM3 lacking AA 477-480 responsible for interacting with FANCD2 can lead to an insufficient amount of licensed origins to fire and, thereby, enlarged intervals between the fired origins. Our results demonstrate that the monoubiquitinated FANCD2 in each S-phase of normal cell cycle is required to maintain an enough number of licensed origins to initiate the normal DNA replication. This finding is the first to provide insights into how FANCD2 functions under normal condition of cell cycle to maintain genome stability, as well as resulting implications in the strategic improvement for the fight against human cancer.
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96
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Qiu S, Cai Y, Gao X, Gu SZ, Liu ZJ. A small peptide derived from p53 linker region can resume the apoptotic activity of p53 by sequestering iASPP with p53. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:910-7. [PMID: 25444901 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important tumor suppression functions of p53 is its ability to induce apoptosis. iASPP is an inhibitory member of the ASPP protein family. It can specifically inhibit the normal function of p53 as a suppressor. The mechanism of iASPP suppressing the cell apoptotosis is through inhibiting the transactivation function of p53 on the promoters of proapoptotic genes by binding with p53. Therefore, relieving the combination of iASPP with p53 and leaving p53 free may be a useful strategy to activate p53 function. We therefore use A34, a small peptide derived from p53 linker region, to investigate the possibility of resuming the apoptosis activity of p53 by sequestering iASPP with p53 and derepressing p53. The results show that A34 can competitively combine with iASPP and therefore release p53 from iASPP; A34 can enhance the transcriptional activity of p53 on the promoters of Bax and PUMA; A34 can increase cell apoptosis and slow tumor growth in vitro and vivo. This study will open the way for using small molecule peptides that directly disturb the interaction of p53 with iASPP, thereby resume function of p53 as a suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qiu
- Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shou-Zhi Gu
- Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, 433-8558, Japan
| | - Ze-Jun Liu
- Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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97
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Zhang L, Nemzow L, Chen H, Hu JJ, Gong F. Whole genome expression profiling shows that BRG1 transcriptionally regulates UV inducible genes and other novel targets in human cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105764. [PMID: 25157878 PMCID: PMC4144907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UV irradiation is known to cause cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs), and plays a large role in the development of cancer. Tumor suppression, through DNA repair and proper cell cycle regulation, is an integral factor in maintaining healthy cells and preventing development of cancer. Transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in the various tumor suppression pathways is essential for them to be expressed when needed and to function properly. BRG1, an ATPase catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has been identified as a tumor suppressor protein, as it has been shown to play a role in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) of CPDs, suppress apoptosis, and restore checkpoint deficiency, in response to UV exposure. Although BRG1 has been shown to regulate transcription of some genes that are instrumental in proper DNA damage repair and cell cycle maintenance in response to UV, its role in transcriptional regulation of the whole genome in response to UV has not yet been elucidated. With whole genome expression profiling in SW13 cells, we show that upon UV induction, BRG1 regulates transcriptional expression of many genes involved in cell stress response. Additionally, our results also highlight BRG1's general role as a master regulator of the genome, as it transcriptionally regulates approximately 4.8% of the human genome, including expression of genes involved in many pathways. RT-PCR and ChIP were used to validate our genome expression analysis. Importantly, our study identifies several novel transcriptional targets of BRG1, such as ATF3. Thus, BRG1 has a larger impact on human genome expression than previously thought, and our studies will provide inroads for future analysis of BRG1's role in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Leah Nemzow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Feng Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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98
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Giles EK, Lawrence AJ, Duncan JR. Exploring the Modulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α by Volatile Anesthetics as a Possible Mechanism Underlying Volatile Anesthetic-Induced CNS Injury. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1640-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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99
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Hussain I, Husain Q, Baredes S, Eloy JA, Jyung RW, Liu JK. Molecular genetics of paragangliomas of the skull base and head and neck region: implications for medical and surgical management. J Neurosurg 2014; 120:321-30. [DOI: 10.3171/2013.10.jns13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Paragangliomas are rare, slow-growing tumors that frequently arise in the head and neck, with the carotid bodies and temporal bone of the skull base being the most common sites. These neoplasms are histologically similar to pheochromocytomas that form in the adrenal medulla and are divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic subtypes based on functionality. Skull base and head and neck region paragangliomas (SHN-PGs) are almost always derived from parasympathetic tissue and rarely secrete catecholamines. However, they can cause significant morbidity by mass effect on various cranial nerves and major blood vessels. While surgery for SHN-PG can be curative, postoperative deficits and recurrences make these lesions challenging to manage. Multiple familial syndromes predisposing individuals to development of paragangliomas have been identified, all involving mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase complex of mitochondria. Mutations in this enzyme lead to a state of “pseudohypoxia” that upregulates various angiogenic, survival, and proliferation factors. Moreover, familial paraganglioma syndromes are among the rare inherited diseases in which genomic imprinting occurs. Recent advances in gene arrays and transcriptome/exome sequencing have identified an alternate mutation in sporadic SHN-PG, which regulates proto-oncogenic pathways independent of pseudohypoxia-induced factors. Collectively these findings demonstrate that paragangliomas of the skull base and head and neck region have a distinct genetic signature from sympathetic-based paragangliomas occurring below the neck, such as pheochromocytomas. Paragangliomas serve as a unique model of primarily surgically treated neoplasms whose future will be altered by the elucidation of their genomic complexities. In this review, the authors present an analysis of the molecular genetics of SHN-PG and provide future directions in patient care and the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soly Baredes
- 2Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, and
- 3Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jean Anderson Eloy
- 1Departments of Neurological Surgery and
- 2Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, and
- 3Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Robert W. Jyung
- 2Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, and
- 3Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - James K. Liu
- 1Departments of Neurological Surgery and
- 2Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, and
- 3Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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100
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Wang DB, Kinoshita C, Kinoshita Y, Morrison RS. p53 and mitochondrial function in neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1186-97. [PMID: 24412988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a central role in dictating cell survival and death as a cellular sensor for a myriad of stresses including DNA damage, oxidative and nutritional stress, ischemia and disruption of nucleolar function. Activation of p53-dependent apoptosis leads to mitochondrial apoptotic changes via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways triggering cell death execution most notably by release of cytochrome c and activation of the caspase cascade. Although it was previously believed that p53 induces apoptotic mitochondrial changes exclusively through transcription-dependent mechanisms, recent studies suggest that p53 also regulates apoptosis via a transcription-independent action at the mitochondria. Recent evidence further suggests that p53 can regulate necrotic cell death and autophagic activity including mitophagy. An increasing number of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism and respiration are regulated by p53, which influences mitochondrial ROS production as well. Cellular redox homeostasis is also directly regulated by p53 through modified expression of pro- and anti-oxidant proteins. Proper regulation of mitochondrial size and shape through fission and fusion assures optimal mitochondrial bioenergetic function while enabling adequate mitochondrial transport to accommodate local energy demands unique to neuronal architecture. Abnormal regulation of mitochondrial dynamics has been increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration, where elevated levels of p53 may have a direct contribution as the expression of some fission/fusion proteins are directly regulated by p53. Thus, p53 may have a much wider influence on mitochondrial integrity and function than one would expect from its well-established ability to transcriptionally induce mitochondrial apoptosis. However, much of the evidence demonstrating that p53 can influence mitochondria through nuclear, cytosolic or intra-mitochondrial sites of action has yet to be confirmed in neurons. Nonetheless, as mitochondria are essential for supporting normal neuronal functions and in initiating/propagating cell death signaling, it appears certain that the mitochondria-related functions of p53 will have broader implications than previously thought in acute and progressive neurological conditions, providing new therapeutic targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA
| | - Chizuru Kinoshita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA
| | - Yoshito Kinoshita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA
| | - Richard S Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA.
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