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Yamashita K, Hosoda K, Nishizawa N, Katoh H, Watanabe M. Epigenetic biomarkers of promoter DNA methylation in the new era of cancer treatment. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3695-3706. [PMID: 30264476 PMCID: PMC6272087 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter DNA methylation, which occurs on cytosine nucleotides across CpG islands, results in gene silencing and represents a major epigenetic alteration in human cancer. Methylation-specific PCR can amplify these modifications as markers in cancer cells. In the present work, we rigorously review the published literatures describing DNA methylation in the promoters of critical tumor suppressor genes; detection of promoter DNA methylation in various body fluids permits early detection of cancer cells during perioperative courses of clinical treatment. The latest whole-genome comprehensive explorations identified excellent epigenetic biomarkers that could be detected at high frequency with high specificity; these biomarkers, which are designated highly relevant methylation genes (HRMG), permit the discrimination of tumor tissues from the corresponding normal tissues; these markers are also associated with unique cancer phenotypes, including dismal prognosis. In humans, HRMG include the CDO1, GSHR, RASSF1 and SFRP1 genes, with these markers permitting discrimination depending on the organs tested. The combination of several HRMG increased the early detection of cancer and exhibited reliable surveillance potential in human body fluids. Cancer clinics using such epigenetic biomarkers are entering a new era of enhanced decision-making with the potential for improved cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamashita
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Research and Development Center for New Medical FrontiersKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Kei Hosoda
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | | | - Hiroshi Katoh
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
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52
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Lima EU, Rubio IGS, Da Silva JC, Galrão AL, Pêssoa D, Oliveira TC, Carrijo F, Silva Campos I, Fonseca Espinheira L, Sampaio LJ, Lima CR, Cerutti JM, Ramos HE. HOPX homeobox methylation in differentiated thyroid cancer and its clinical relevance. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1333-1342. [PMID: 30400039 PMCID: PMC6280589 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inactivation of the tumor-suppressor homeodomain-only protein X (HOPX) usually involves promoter methylation in several cancer types. This study aimed to investigate the HOPX-β mRNA expression and promoter methylation and their clinical relevance in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinicopathological data and paraffin-embedded thyroid tumor tissues from 21 patients with DTC and 6 with benign tumors (T) and their non-tumor parenchyma (NT) were investigated. Tumor cell lines (FTC238, FTC236 and WRO) were treated with demethylating agent. HOPX-β mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and methylation status by Q-MSP. Thyroid cancer data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was also collected. RESULTS HOPX-β mRNA re-expression in two cell lines treated with demethylating agent was observed concomitantly with reduced promoter methylation. Reduced mRNA expression in T group compared to their NT was observed, and reduced protein expression in T compared to NT was observed in three cases. Low mRNA expression with high methylation status was detected in 6/14 DTC samples. High methylation status was associated with older age at diagnosis, recurrent or progressive disease and with the presence of new neoplasm event post initial therapy while hyper-methylation correlated with worse overall survival, worse disease-free status and older age. CONCLUSION A moderate coupling of downregulation of HOPX-β mRNA expression in DTC followed by high HOPX-β promoter methylation was observed however; high HOPX promoter methylation status was associated with the worse prognosis of DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Urbano Lima
- Biological Science Department, Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Structural and Functional Biology Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ileana G S Rubio
- Biological Science Department, Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Structural and Functional Biology Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Custodio Da Silva
- Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Galrão
- Biological Science Department, Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Pêssoa
- Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Taise Cerqueira Oliveira
- Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Carrijo
- Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Fonseca Espinheira
- Department of Pathology, Sao Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology & Legal Medicine, Bahia Federal Medical School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Janete Maria Cerutti
- Structural and Functional Biology Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Basis of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Paulista School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Department of Bio-regulation, Thyroid Study Laboratory, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to H E Ramos:
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53
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Ooki A, Dinalankara W, Marchionni L, Tsay JCJ, Goparaju C, Maleki Z, Rom WN, Pass HI, Hoque MO. Epigenetically regulated PAX6 drives cancer cells toward a stem-like state via GLI-SOX2 signaling axis in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2018; 37:5967-5981. [PMID: 29980786 PMCID: PMC6226336 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether PAX6 acts as a crucial transcription factor for lung cancer stem cell (CSC) traits. We demonstrate that PAX6 acts as an oncogene responsible for induction of cancer stemness properties in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Mechanistically, PAX6 promotes GLI transcription, resulting in SOX2 upregulation directly by the binding of GLI to the proximal promoter region of the SOX2 gene. The overexpressed SOX2 enhances the expression of key pluripotent factors (OCT4 and NANOG) and suppresses differentiation lineage factors (HOPX and NKX2-1), driving cancer cells toward a stem-like state. In contrast, in the differentiated non-CSCs, PAX6 is transcriptionally silenced by its promoter methylation. In human lung cancer tissues, the positive linear correlations of PAX6 expression with GLI and SOX2 expression and its negative correlations with HOPX and NKX2-1 expression were observed. Therapeutically, the blockade of the PAX6-GLI-SOX2 signaling axis elicits a long-lasting therapeutic efficacy by limiting CSC expansion following chemotherapy. Furthermore, a methylation panel including the PAX6 gene yielded a sensitivity of 79.1% and specificity of 83.3% for cancer detection using serum DNA from stage IA LUAD. Our findings provide a rationale for targeting the PAX6-GLI-SOX2 signaling axis with chemotherapy as an effective therapeutic strategy and support the clinical utility of PAX6 gene promoter methylation as a biomarker for early lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Wikum Dinalankara
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jun-Chieh J Tsay
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chandra Goparaju
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - William N Rom
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mohammad O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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54
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Lee HY, Cha J, Kim SK, Park JH, Song KH, Kim P, Kim MY. c-MYC Drives Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Brain, but Promotes Synthetic Lethality with TRAIL. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:544-554. [PMID: 30266755 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis in breast cancer is particularly deadly, but effective treatments remain out of reach due to insufficient information about the mechanisms underlying brain metastasis and the potential vulnerabilities of brain-metastatic breast cancer cells. Here, human breast cancer cells and their brain-metastatic derivatives (BrMs) were used to investigate synthetic lethal interactions in BrMs. First, it was demonstrated that c-MYC activity is increased in BrMs and is required for their brain-metastatic ability in a mouse xenograft model. Specifically, c-MYC enhanced brain metastasis by facilitating the following processes within the brain microenvironment: (i) invasive growth of BrMs, (ii) macrophage infiltration, and (iii) GAP junction formation between BrMs and astrocytes by upregulating connexin 43 (GJA1/Cx43). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis uncovered a set of c-MYC-regulated genes whose expression is associated with higher risk for brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. Paradoxically, however, increased c-MYC activity in BrMs rendered them more susceptible to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)-induced apoptosis. In summary, these data not only reveal the brain metastasis-promoting role of c-MYC and a subsequent synthetic lethality with TRAIL, but also delineate the underlying mechanism. This suggests TRAIL-based approaches as potential therapeutic options for brain-metastatic breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS: This study discovers a paradoxical role of c-MYC in promoting metastasis to the brain and in rendering brain-metastatic cells more susceptible to TRAIL, which suggests the existence of an Achilles' heel, thus providing a new therapeutic opportunity for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa Cha
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyu Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Cancer Metastasis Control Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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55
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Bechard ME, Word AE, Tran AV, Liu X, Locasale JW, McDonald OG. Pentose conversions support the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer distant metastases. Oncogene 2018; 37:5248-5256. [PMID: 29849117 PMCID: PMC6692915 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) adopts several unique metabolic strategies to support primary tumor growth. Whether additional metabolic strategies are adopted to support metastatic tumorigenesis is less clear. This could be particularly relevant for distant metastasis, which often follows a rapidly progressive clinical course. Here we report that PDAC distant metastases evolve a unique series of metabolic reactions to maintain activation of the anabolic glucose enzyme phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD). PGD catalytic activity was recurrently elevated across distant metastases, and modulating PGD activity levels dictated tumorigenic capacity. Metabolomics data raised the possibility that distant metastases evolved a core pentose conversion pathway (PCP) that converted glucose-derived metabolites into PGD substrate, thereby hyperactivating the enzyme. Consistent with this, each individual metabolite in the PCP stimulated PGD catalysis in distant metastases, and knockdown of each individual PCP enzyme selectively impaired tumorigenesis. We propose that the PCP manufactures PGD substrate outside of the rate-limiting oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP). This enables PGD-dependent tumorigenesis by providing adequate substrate to fuel high catalytic activity, and raises the possibility that PDAC distant metastases adopt their own unique metabolic strategies to support tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bechard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna E Word
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amanda V Tran
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Oliver G McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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56
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Dynamic expression of HOPX in alveolar epithelial cells reflects injury and repair during the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12983. [PMID: 30154568 PMCID: PMC6113210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of injury and repair in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are critically involved in the progression of various lung diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Homeobox only protein x (HOPX) contributes to the formation of distal lung during development. In adult lung, alveolar epithelial type (AT) I cells express HOPX and lineage-labeled Hopx+ cells give rise to both ATI and ATII cells after pneumonectomy. However, the cell function of HOPX-expressing cells in adult fibrotic lung diseases has not been investigated. In this study, we have established a flow cytometry-based method to evaluate HOPX-expressing cells in the lung. HOPX expression in cultured ATII cells increased over culture time, which was accompanied by a decrease of proSP-C, an ATII marker. Moreover, HOPX expression was increased in AECs from bleomycin-instilled mouse lungs in vivo. Small interfering RNA-based knockdown of Hopx resulted in suppressing ATII-ATI trans-differentiation and activating cellular proliferation in vitro. In IPF lungs, HOPX expression was decreased in whole lungs and significantly correlated to a decline in lung function and progression of IPF. In conclusion, HOPX is upregulated during early alveolar injury and repair process in the lung. Decreased HOPX expression might contribute to failed regenerative processes in end-stage IPF lungs.
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57
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Caswell DR, Chuang CH, Ma RK, Winters IP, Snyder EL, Winslow MM. Tumor Suppressor Activity of Selenbp1, a Direct Nkx2-1 Target, in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1737-1749. [PMID: 30002193 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Nkx2-1 transcription factor promotes differentiation of lung epithelial lineages and suppresses malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma. However, targets of Nkx2-1 that limit tumor growth and progression remain incompletely understood. Here, direct Nkx2-1 targets are identified whose expression correlates with Nkx2-1 activity in human lung adenocarcinoma. Selenium-binding protein 1 (Selenbp1), an Nkx2-1 effector that limits phenotypes associated with lung cancer growth and metastasis, was investigated further. Loss- and gain-of-function approaches demonstrate that Nkx2-1 is required and sufficient for Selenbp1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Interestingly, Selenbp1 knockdown also reduced Nkx2-1 expression and Selenbp1 stabilized Nkx2-1 protein levels in a heterologous system, suggesting that these genes function in a positive feedback loop. Selenbp1 inhibits clonal growth and migration and suppresses growth of metastases in an in vivo transplant model. Genetic inactivation of Selenbp1, using CRISPR/Cas9, also enhanced primary tumor growth in autochthonous lung adenocarcinoma mouse models. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Selenbp1 is a direct target of Nkx2-1, which inhibits lung adenocarcinoma growth in vivo Implications: Selenbp1 is an important suppressor of lung tumor growth that functions in a positive feedback loop with Nkx2-1, and whose loss is associated with worse patient outcome. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1737-49. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rosanna K Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ian P Winters
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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58
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Wang X, He M, Li J, Wang H, Huang J. KLF15 suppresses cell growth and predicts prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:672-677. [PMID: 29990857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcription factors containing three different C2H2-type zinc finger domains in their carboxy-terminal regions which have been identified to play important roles in a variety of cancers. However, little is known about KLF15 in lung adenocarcinoma (LAUD). Our study demonstrated that the expression levels of KLF15 were observably down-regulated in LAUD tissues compared to paired adjacent normal tissues. LUAD patients with low expression levels of KLF15 have worse prognosis than those with high expression levels of KLF15. KLF15 could suppress cell growth, which was partly via up-regulating CDKN1 A/p21 and CDKN2A/p15. Our findings suggested that KLF15 showed a significant role in LAUD progression and may shed light on a promising novel therapeutic target for blocking progression of LAUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingqing He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, PR China.
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59
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Li H, Feng C, Shi S. miR-196b promotes lung cancer cell migration and invasion through the targeting of GATA6. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:247-252. [PMID: 29928408 PMCID: PMC6006457 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to regulate gene expression at the protein translation level. miRNA abnormal expression has been associated with the development of lung cancer. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of miR-196 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The miR-196b and GATA-6 (GATA6) expression levels were examined in NSCLC by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Transwell assay was used to assess cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the specific target of miR-196b in NSCLC was verified by the luciferase reporter assay. The expression of miR-196b was higher in both NSCLC tissues and cells than the normal levels. Specifically, the miR-196b mimic group in NSCLC cells markedly promoted cell migration and invasion, while the miR-196b inhibitor group exhibited the opposite effect. Furthermore, GATA6 was verified as a specific target of miR-196b in NSCLC cells and GATA6 could attenuate the migratory and invasive ability of NSCLC cells regulated by miR-196b. In addition, the relationship between GATA6 and miR-196b expression was negatively correlated in NSCLC tissues. Thus, miR-196b enhanced NSCLC cell migration and invasion via the downregulation of GATA6, indicating its potential application in NSCLC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Department of Operation Room, Eastern Medical District of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276034, P.R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Medical District of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276034, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Eastern Medical District of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276034, P.R. China
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Palpant NJ, Wang Y, Hadland B, Zaunbrecher RJ, Redd M, Jones D, Pabon L, Jain R, Epstein J, Ruzzo WL, Zheng Y, Bernstein I, Margolin A, Murry CE. Chromatin and Transcriptional Analysis of Mesoderm Progenitor Cells Identifies HOPX as a Regulator of Primitive Hematopoiesis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1597-1608. [PMID: 28813672 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed chromatin dynamics and transcriptional activity of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and KDR+/CD34+ endothelial cells generated from different mesodermal origins. Using an unbiased algorithm to hierarchically rank genes modulated at the level of chromatin and transcription, we identified candidate regulators of mesodermal lineage determination. HOPX, a non-DNA-binding homeodomain protein, was identified as a candidate regulator of blood-forming endothelial cells. Using HOPX reporter and knockout hESCs, we show that HOPX regulates blood formation. Loss of HOPX does not impact endothelial fate specification but markedly reduces primitive hematopoiesis, acting at least in part through failure to suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, chromatin state analysis permits identification of regulators of mesodermal specification, including a conserved role for HOPX in governing primitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Palpant
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rebecca J Zaunbrecher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Meredith Redd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lil Pabon
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Walter L Ruzzo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Irwin Bernstein
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adam Margolin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Nakajima N, Yoshizawa A, Nakajima T, Hirata M, Furuhata A, Sumiyoshi S, Rokutan-Kurata M, Sonobe M, Menju T, Miyamoto E, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Haga H. GATA6-positive lung adenocarcinomas are associated with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma morphology, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α expression, and KRAS mutations. Histopathology 2018; 73:38-48. [PMID: 29469192 DOI: 10.1111/his.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS GATA6 is known to play a role in lung development. However, its role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer is not well studied. The aim of this study was to analyse GATA6 expression in lung adenocarcinomas (LAs) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in order to define its association with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS IHC analysis of GATA6 was performed with tissue microarray slides containing 348 LAs. The association between GATA6 expression and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. GATA6 expression in epithelial tumours other than lung cancer was also evaluated. GATA6 expression was found in 47 LAs (13.5%). This occurred more frequently in younger patients (P = 0.005), and was associated with the absence of lymph node metastasis (P =0.024), well-differentiated to moderately differentiated tumours (P < 0.001), the absence of lymphatic invasion (P = 0.020), and the absence of vascular invasion (P = 0.011). GATA6 expression was associated with mucin production (P < 0.001), the invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma subtype (P < 0.001), KRAS mutations (P = 0.026), expression of MUC2 (P < 0.001), CDX2 (P = 0.049), and MUC5AC (P < 0.001), and absence of expression of TTF-1 (P = 0.002). GATA6 expression was also associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) expression (P < 0.001). GATA6 expression tended to indicate better prognoses, whereas patients with HNF4α expression had significantly worse prognoses (P = 0.033). Of 270 tumours other than lung cancer, 110 expressed GATA6. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GATA6 might interact with HNF4α and contribute to the development of mucinous-type LAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakajima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Furuhata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Sumiyoshi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Sonobe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ei Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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62
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Iqbal W, Alkarim S, AlHejin A, Mukhtar H, Saini KS. Targeting signal transduction pathways of cancer stem cells for therapeutic opportunities of metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76337-76353. [PMID: 27486983 PMCID: PMC5342819 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor comprises of heterogeneous population of cells where not all the disseminated cancer cells have the prerogative and "in-build genetic cues" to form secondary tumors. Cells with stem like properties complemented by key signaling molecules clearly have shown to exhibit selective growth advantage to form tumors at distant metastatic sites. Thus, defining the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in tumorigenesis and metastasis is emerging as a major thrust area for therapeutic intervention. Precise relationship and regulatory mechanisms operating in various signal transduction pathways during cancer dissemination, extravasation and angiogenesis still remain largely enigmatic. How the crosstalk amongst circulating tumor cells (CTC), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and CSC is coordinated for initiating the metastasis at secondary tissues, and during cancer relapse could be of great therapeutic interest. The signal transduction mechanisms facilitating the dissemination, infiltration of CSC into blood stream, extravasations, progression of metastasis phenotype and angiogenesis, at distant organs, are the key pathologically important vulnerabilities being elucidated. Therefore, current new drug discovery focus has shifted towards finding "key driver genes" operating in parallel signaling pathways, during quiescence, survival and maintenance of stemness in CSC. Understanding these mechanisms could open new horizons for tackling the issue of cancer recurrence and metastasis-the cause of ~90% cancer associated mortality. To design futuristic & targeted therapies, we propose a multi-pronged strategy involving small molecules, RNA interference, vaccines, antibodies and other biotechnological modalities against CSC and the metastatic signal transduction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Iqbal
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alkarim
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed AlHejin
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kulvinder S Saini
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
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63
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Ringnér M, Staaf J. Consensus of gene expression phenotypes and prognostic risk predictors in primary lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52957-52973. [PMID: 27437773 PMCID: PMC5288161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling of lung adenocarcinomas has identified numerous gene expression phenotype (GEP) and risk prediction (RP) signatures associated with patient outcome. However, classification agreement between signatures, underlying transcriptional programs, and independent signature validation are less studied. We classified 2395 transcriptional adenocarcinoma profiles, assembled from 17 public cohorts, using 11 GEP and seven RP signatures, finding that 16 signatures were associated with patient survival in the total cohort and in multiple individual cohorts. For significant signatures, total cohort hazard ratios were ~2 in univariate analyses (mean=1.95, range=1.4-2.6). Strong classification agreement between signatures was observed, especially for predicted low-risk patients by adenocarcinoma-derived signatures. Expression of proliferation-related genes correlated strongly with GEP subtype classifications and RP scores, driving the gene signature association with prognosis. A three-group consensus definition of samples across 10 GEP classifiers demonstrated aggregation of samples with specific smoking patterns, gender, and EGFR/KRAS mutations, while survival differences were only significant when patients were divided into low- or high-risk. In summary, our study demonstrates a consensus between GEPs and RPs in lung adenocarcinoma through a common underlying transcriptional program. This consensus generalizes reported problems with current signatures in a clinical context, stressing development of new adenocarcinoma-specific single sample predictors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ringnér
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE 22381, Lund, Sweden
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64
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Seino T, Kawasaki S, Shimokawa M, Tamagawa H, Toshimitsu K, Fujii M, Ohta Y, Matano M, Nanki K, Kawasaki K, Takahashi S, Sugimoto S, Iwasaki E, Takagi J, Itoi T, Kitago M, Kitagawa Y, Kanai T, Sato T. Human Pancreatic Tumor Organoids Reveal Loss of Stem Cell Niche Factor Dependence during Disease Progression. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:454-467.e6. [PMID: 29337182 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to dissect the inter-tumor heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by determining prognosis-predictive gene expression signatures for specific subtypes, their functional differences remain elusive. Here, we established a pancreatic tumor organoid library encompassing 39 patient-derived PDACs and identified 3 functional subtypes based on their stem cell niche factor dependencies on Wnt and R-spondin. A Wnt-non-producing subtype required Wnt from cancer-associated fibroblasts, whereas a Wnt-producing subtype autonomously secreted Wnt ligands and an R-spondin-independent subtype grew in the absence of Wnt and R-spondin. Transcriptome analysis of PDAC organoids revealed gene-expression signatures that associated Wnt niche subtypes with GATA6-dependent gene expression subtypes, which were functionally supported by genetic perturbation of GATA6. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing of PDAC driver genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and TP53) demonstrated non-genetic acquisition of Wnt niche independence during pancreas tumorigenesis. Collectively, our results reveal functional heterogeneity of Wnt niche independency in PDAC that is non-genetically formed through tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Seino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mariko Shimokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tamagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kohta Toshimitsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mami Matano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nanki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sirirat Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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65
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Li D, Yang W, Zhang J, Yang JY, Guan R, Yang MQ. Transcription Factor and lncRNA Regulatory Networks Identify Key Elements in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E12. [PMID: 29303984 PMCID: PMC5793165 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed carcinoma and is the leading cause of cancer death. Although significant progress has been made towards its understanding and treatment, unraveling the complexities of lung cancer is still hampered by a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the disease. High-throughput and multidimensional genomic data have shed new light on cancer biology. In this study, we developed a network-based approach integrating somatic mutations, the transcriptome, DNA methylation, and protein-DNA interactions to reveal the key regulators in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). By combining Bayesian network analysis with tissue-specific transcription factor (TF) and targeted gene interactions, we inferred 15 disease-related core regulatory networks in co-expression gene modules associated with LUAD. Through target gene set enrichment analysis, we identified a set of key TFs, including known cancer genes that potentially regulate the disease networks. These TFs were significantly enriched in multiple cancer-related pathways. Specifically, our results suggest that hepatitis viruses may contribute to lung carcinogenesis, highlighting the need for further investigations into the roles that viruses play in treating lung cancer. Additionally, 13 putative regulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including three that are known to be associated with lung cancer, and nine novel lncRNAs were revealed by our study. These lncRNAs and their target genes exhibited high interaction potentials and demonstrated significant expression correlations between normal lung and LUAD tissues. We further extended our study to include 16 solid-tissue tumor types and determined that the majority of these lncRNAs have putative regulatory roles in multiple cancers, with a few showing lung-cancer specific regulations. Our study provides a comprehensive investigation of transcription factor and lncRNA regulation in the context of LUAD regulatory networks and yields new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying LUAD. The novel key regulatory elements discovered by our research offer new targets for rational drug design and accompanying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Department of Information Science, George W. Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
| | - William Yang
- School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Jack Y Yang
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Department of Information Science, George W. Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
| | - Renchu Guan
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Department of Information Science, George W. Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
| | - Mary Qu Yang
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Department of Information Science, George W. Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
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66
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Aydemir Çoban E, Şahin F. Cancer Stem Cells in Metastasis Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:97-113. [PMID: 30255300 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors consists of subpopulation of cells in which each subtype has contributes to tumor progression. Specifically one subtype known as cancer stem cells are associated with the initiation, progression, resistance to conventional therapies and metastasis. Metastasis is leading cause of cancer related deaths. Overall it is important to consider cancer as a whole in which a mutated cell proliferating indefinitely and forming its hierarchy consisting of subgroups with different molecular signatures. To be able to target this disease we need to evaluate every step including initiation, progression, survival, angiogenesis and finally migration and repopulation. Cancer stem cells do play vital roles in each step however when metastasis can be stopped or eliminated we talk about saving a life or improving its quality. Considering how deeply these cancer stem like cells affect the tumor life and metastasis it is crucial to develop effective strategies against them. Metastatic cascade can also be directed by membrane derived vesicles specifically exosomes. Several studies show the role of exosomes in mediating cellular migration and pre-metastatic niche formation. During this chapter we wanted to explain in detail how the metastasis occur in tumor and how cancer stem cells contribute into the development of metastatic cascade and possibly suggest therapeutic approaches against cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Aydemir Çoban
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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67
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Aberrant GATA2 epigenetic dysregulation induces a GATA2/GATA6 switch in human gastric cancer. Oncogene 2017; 37:993-1004. [PMID: 29106391 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Six GATA transcription factors play important roles in eukaryotic development. Among these, GATA2, an essential factor for the hematopoietic cell lineage, exhibits low expression in human gastric tissues, whereas GATA6, which is crucial for gastrointestinal development and differentiation, is frequently amplified and/or overexpressed in human gastric cancer. Interestingly, we found that GATA6 was overexpressed in human gastric cancer cells only when GATA2 expression was completely absent, thereby showing an inverse correlation between GATA2 and GATA6. In gastric cancer cells that express high GATA6 levels, a GATA2 CpG island is hypermethylated, repressing expression in these cells. In contrast, GATA6 expression is undetectable in GATA2-overexpressing gastric cancer cells, which lack GATA2 DNA methylation. Furthermore, PRC2 complex-mediated transcriptional silencing of GATA6 was observed in the GATA2-overexpressing cells. We also show that the GATA2 and PRC2 complexes are enriched within the GATA6 locus, and that the recruitment of the PRC2 complex is impaired by disrupting GATA2 expression, resulting in GATA6 upregulation. In addition, ectopic GATA2 expression significantly downregulates GATA6 expression, suggesting GATA2 directly represses GATA6. Furthermore, GATA6 downregulation showed antitumor activity by inducing growth arrest. Finally, we show that aberrant GATA2 methylation occurs early during the multistep process of gastric carcinogenesis regardless of Helicobacter pylori infection. Taken together, GATA2 dysregulation by epigenetic modification is associated with unfavorable phenotypes in human gastric cancer cells by allowing GATA6 expression.
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68
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Wen X, Han X, Wang Y, Fan S, Zhuang J, Zhang Z, Shan Q, Li M, Hu B, Sun C, Wu Q, Tan J, Wu D, Lu J, Zheng Y. Retracted
: Effects of long noncoding RNA SPRY4‐IT1‐mediated EZH2 on the invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1827-1840. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xin‐Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Yong‐Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Shao‐Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Juan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
- School of Environment Science and Spatial InformaticsChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouP. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco‐Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze LakeSchool of Life SciencesHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuaianP. R. China
| | - Zi‐Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Meng‐Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Chun‐Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of OncologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jun‐Hua Tan
- Department of OncologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouP. R. China
| | - Dong‐Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
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69
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Martinelli P, Carrillo-de Santa Pau E, Cox T, Sainz B, Dusetti N, Greenhalf W, Rinaldi L, Costello E, Ghaneh P, Malats N, Büchler M, Pajic M, Biankin AV, Iovanna J, Neoptolemos J, Real FX. GATA6 regulates EMT and tumour dissemination, and is a marker of response to adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2017; 66:1665-1676. [PMID: 27325420 PMCID: PMC5070637 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of GATA factors in cancer has gained increasing attention recently, but the function of GATA6 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is controversial. GATA6 is amplified in a subset of tumours and was proposed to be oncogenic, but high GATA6 levels are found in well-differentiated tumours and are associated with better patient outcome. By contrast, a tumour-suppressive function of GATA6 was demonstrated using genetic mouse models. We aimed at clarifying GATA6 function in PDAC. DESIGN We combined GATA6 silencing and overexpression in PDAC cell lines with GATA6 ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data, in order to understand the mechanism of GATA6 functions. We then confirmed some of our observations in primary patient samples, some of which were included in the ESPAC-3 randomised clinical trial for adjuvant therapy. RESULTS GATA6 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and cell dissemination in vivo. GATA6 has a unique proepithelial and antimesenchymal function, and its transcriptional regulation is direct and implies, indirectly, the regulation of other transcription factors involved in EMT. GATA6 is lost in tumours, in association with altered differentiation and the acquisition of a basal-like molecular phenotype, consistent with an epithelial-to-epithelial (ET2) transition. Patients with basal-like GATA6low tumours have a shorter survival and have a distinctly poor response to adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin. However, modulation of GATA6 expression in cultured cells does not directly regulate response to 5-FU. CONCLUSIONS We provide mechanistic insight into GATA6 tumour-suppressive function, its role as a regulator of canonical epithelial differentiation, and propose that loss of GATA6 expression is both prognostic and predictive of response to adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Martinelli
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Trevor Cox
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - William Greenhalf
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eithne Costello
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Büchler
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Pajic
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - John Neoptolemos
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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70
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Du W, Xu X, Niu Q, Zhang X, Wei Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Yan J, Ru Y, Fu Z, Li X, Jiang Y, Ma Z, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Liu Z. Spi-B-Mediated Silencing of Claudin-2 Promotes Early Dissemination of Lung Cancer Cells from Primary Tumors. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4809-4822. [PMID: 28754672 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dissociation from epithelial sheets and invasion through the surrounding stroma are critical early events during epithelial cancer metastasis. Here we find that a lymphocyte lineage-restricted transcription factor, Spi-B, is frequently expressed in human lung cancer tissues. The Spi-B-expressing cancer cells coexpressed vimentin but repressed E-cadherin and exhibited invasive behavior. Increased Spi-B expression was associated with tumor grade, lymphatic metastasis, and short overall survival. Mechanistically, Spi-B disrupted intercellular junctions and enhanced invasiveness by reconfiguring the chromatin structure of the tight junction gene claudin-2 (CLDN2) and repressing its transcription. These data suggest that Spi-B participates in mesenchymal invasion, linking epithelial cancer metastasis with a lymphatic transcriptional program. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4809-22. ©2017 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/secondary
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Proliferation
- Claudin-2/genetics
- Claudin-2/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Intercellular Junctions
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/secondary
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Niu
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiliang Wei
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziqiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongxin Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Ma
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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71
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Pang B, Wu N, Guan R, Pang L, Li X, Li S, Tang L, Guo Y, Chen J, Sun D, Sun H, Dai J, Bai J, Ji G, Liu P, Liu A, Wang Q, Xiao S, Fu S, Jin Y. Overexpression of RCC2 Enhances Cell Motility and Promotes Tumor Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5598-5610. [PMID: 28606921 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Investigate the role of regulator of chromosome condensation 2 (RCC2) on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis.Experimental Design: Clinical specimens were used to assess the impact of RCC2 on LUAD metastasis. Mouse models, cytobiology, and molecular biology assays were performed to elucidate the function and underlying mechanisms of RCC2 in LUAD.Results: RCC2 expression was frequently increased in LUADs (88/122, 72.13%). It was confirmed by analysis of a larger cohort of TCGA RNA-seq data containing 488 LUADs and 58 normal lung tissues (P < 0.001). Importantly, increased level of RCC2 was significantly associated with T status of tumor (P = 0.002), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004), and advanced clinical stage (P = 0.001). Patients with LUAD with higher expression of RCC2 had shorter overall survival. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that RCC2 was an independent poorer prognostic factor for patients with LUAD. Moreover, forced expression of RCC2 promoted intrapulmonary metastasis in vivo and significantly enhanced LUAD cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in vitro Further study found that RCC2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and also stimulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, RCC2 was able to activate JNK, while inhibition of JNK suppressed the effect of RCC2 on LUAD cell migration, invasion, EMT, and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.Conclusions: RCC2 plays a pivotal role in LUAD metastasis by inducing EMT via activation of MAPK-JNK signaling. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5598-610. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongwei Guan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Pang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Li
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liudi Tang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialin Dai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guohua Ji
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - An Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (Harbin Medical University), Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (Harbin Medical University), Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, China
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72
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Intersecting transcriptomic profiling technologies and long non-coding RNA function in lung adenocarcinoma: discovery, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81538-81557. [PMID: 29113413 PMCID: PMC5655308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously thought of as junk transcripts and pseudogene remnants, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have come into their own over the last decade as an essential component of cellular activity, regulating a plethora of functions within multicellular organisms. lncRNAs are now known to participate in development, cellular homeostasis, immunological processes, and the development of disease. With the advent of next generation sequencing technology, hundreds of thousands of lncRNAs have been identified. However, movement beyond mere discovery to the understanding of molecular processes has been stymied by the complicated genomic structure, tissue-restricted expression, and diverse regulatory roles lncRNAs play. In this review, we will focus on lncRNAs involved in lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. We will summarize their various methods of discovery, provide consensus rankings of deregulated lncRNAs in lung cancer, and describe in detail the limited functional analysis that has been undertaken so far.
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73
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Donati G, Rognoni E, Hiratsuka T, Liakath-Ali K, Hoste E, Kar G, Kayikci M, Russell R, Kretzschmar K, Mulder KW, Teichmann SA, Watt FM. Wounding induces dedifferentiation of epidermal Gata6 + cells and acquisition of stem cell properties. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:603-613. [PMID: 28504705 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is maintained by multiple stem cell populations whose progeny differentiate along diverse, and spatially distinct, lineages. Here we show that the transcription factor Gata6 controls the identity of the previously uncharacterized sebaceous duct (SD) lineage and identify the Gata6 downstream transcription factor network that specifies a lineage switch between sebocytes and SD cells. During wound healing differentiated Gata6+ cells migrate from the SD into the interfollicular epidermis and dedifferentiate, acquiring the ability to undergo long-term self-renewal and differentiate into a much wider range of epidermal lineages than in undamaged tissue. Our data not only demonstrate that the structural and functional complexity of the junctional zone is regulated by Gata6, but also reveal that dedifferentiation is a previously unrecognized property of post-mitotic, terminally differentiated cells that have lost contact with the basement membrane. This resolves the long-standing debate about the contribution of terminally differentiated cells to epidermal wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Donati
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuel Rognoni
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Toru Hiratsuka
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Esther Hoste
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (Ghent University), B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gozde Kar
- European Bioinformatics Institute and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Melis Kayikci
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Roslin Russell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and UMC Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas W Mulder
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- European Bioinformatics Institute and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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74
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Stevens LE, Cheung WKC, Adua SJ, Arnal-Estapé A, Zhao M, Liu Z, Brewer K, Herbst RS, Nguyen DX. Extracellular Matrix Receptor Expression in Subtypes of Lung Adenocarcinoma Potentiates Outgrowth of Micrometastases. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1905-1917. [PMID: 28196904 PMCID: PMC5468792 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the propensity of latent lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to relapse are poorly understood. In this study, we show how differential expression of a network of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and their interacting proteins contributes to risk of relapse in distinct LUAD subtypes. Overexpression of the hyaluronan receptor HMMR in primary LUAD was associated with an inflammatory molecular signature and poor prognosis. Attenuating HMMR in LUAD cells diminished their ability to initiate lung tumors and distant metastases. HMMR upregulation was not required for dissemination in vivo, but enhanced ECM-mediated signaling, LUAD cell survival, and micrometastasis expansion in hyaluronan-rich microenvironments in the lung and brain metastatic niches. Our findings reveal an important mechanism by which disseminated cancer cells can coopt the inflammatory ECM to persist, leading to brain metastatic outgrowths. Cancer Res; 77(8); 1905-17. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Stevens
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William K C Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sally J Adua
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anna Arnal-Estapé
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly Brewer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Don X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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75
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Zhu Z, Wang H, Wei Y, Meng F, Liu Z, Zhang Z. Downregulation of PRDM1 promotes cellular invasion and lung cancer metastasis. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695929. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-finger transcription factor PRDM1 (PR domain containing 1) plays key roles in the development of malignant lymphoma, leukaemia and some non-haematopoietic cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer and glioma. However, little is known regarding the function of PRDM1 in the progression of lung cancer. Here, we found that PRDM1 is expressed in normal human lung epithelium but is downregulated in lung cancer cells. Decreased expression of PRDM1 correlates with poor prognosis in lung cancer. Depletion of PRDM1 in lung cancer cells promotes cellular invasion and anoikis resistance in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. PRDM1 is silenced by an ectopically expressed lymphocyte-specific transcription factor Aiolos. The transcription of these two genes is negatively correlated in 206 lung epithelial cell lines. Our results indicate that PRDM1 functions as a tumour suppressor in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiliang Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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76
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Ciucci S, Ge Y, Durán C, Palladini A, Jiménez-Jiménez V, Martínez-Sánchez LM, Wang Y, Sales S, Shevchenko A, Poser SW, Herbig M, Otto O, Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Guck J, Gerl MJ, Cannistraci CV. Enlightening discriminative network functional modules behind Principal Component Analysis separation in differential-omic science studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43946. [PMID: 28287094 PMCID: PMC5347127 DOI: 10.1038/srep43946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Omic science is rapidly growing and one of the most employed techniques to explore differential patterns in omic datasets is principal component analysis (PCA). However, a method to enlighten the network of omic features that mostly contribute to the sample separation obtained by PCA is missing. An alternative is to build correlation networks between univariately-selected significant omic features, but this neglects the multivariate unsupervised feature compression responsible for the PCA sample segregation. Biologists and medical researchers often prefer effective methods that offer an immediate interpretation to complicated algorithms that in principle promise an improvement but in practice are difficult to be applied and interpreted. Here we present PC-corr: a simple algorithm that associates to any PCA segregation a discriminative network of features. Such network can be inspected in search of functional modules useful in the definition of combinatorial and multiscale biomarkers from multifaceted omic data in systems and precision biomedicine. We offer proofs of PC-corr efficacy on lipidomic, metagenomic, developmental genomic, population genetic, cancer promoteromic and cancer stem-cell mechanomic data. Finally, PC-corr is a general functional network inference approach that can be easily adopted for big data exploration in computer science and analysis of complex systems in physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ciucci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Lipotype GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Ge
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudio Durán
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandra Palladini
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Lipotype GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Membrane Biochemistry Group, DZD Paul Langerhans Institute, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Víctor Jiménez-Jiménez
- Integrin Signalling Group, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa María Martínez-Sánchez
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuting Wang
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Sales
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steven W Poser
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr.74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Cellular Machines Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Cellular Machines Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Androutsellis-Theotokis
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr.74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jochen Guck
- Cellular Machines Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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77
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Chuang CH, Greenside PG, Rogers ZN, Brady JJ, Yang D, Ma RK, Caswell DR, Chiou SH, Winters AF, Grüner BM, Ramaswami G, Spencley AL, Kopecky KE, Sayles LC, Sweet-Cordero EA, Li JB, Kundaje A, Winslow MM. Molecular definition of a metastatic lung cancer state reveals a targetable CD109-Janus kinase-Stat axis. Nat Med 2017; 23:291-300. [PMID: 28191885 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with the majority of mortality resulting from metastatic spread. However, the molecular mechanism by which cancer cells acquire the ability to disseminate from primary tumors, seed distant organs, and grow into tissue-destructive metastases remains incompletely understood. We combined tumor barcoding in a mouse model of human lung adenocarcinoma with unbiased genomic approaches to identify a transcriptional program that confers metastatic ability and predicts patient survival. Small-scale in vivo screening identified several genes, including Cd109, that encode novel pro-metastatic factors. We uncovered signaling mediated by Janus kinases (Jaks) and the transcription factor Stat3 as a critical, pharmacologically targetable effector of CD109-driven lung cancer metastasis. In summary, by coupling the systematic genomic analysis of purified cancer cells in distinct malignant states from mouse models with extensive human validation, we uncovered several key regulators of metastatic ability, including an actionable pro-metastatic CD109-Jak-Stat3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peyton G Greenside
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zoë N Rogers
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer J Brady
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dian Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rosanna K Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aidan F Winters
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gokul Ramaswami
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrew L Spencley
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kimberly E Kopecky
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Leanne C Sayles
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jin Billy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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78
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Ren X, Yang X, Cheng B, Chen X, Zhang T, He Q, Li B, Li Y, Tang X, Wen X, Zhong Q, Kang T, Zeng M, Liu N, Ma J. HOPX hypermethylation promotes metastasis via activating SNAIL transcription in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14053. [PMID: 28146149 PMCID: PMC5296651 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by a high rate of local invasion and early distant metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates that epigenetic abnormalities play important roles in NPC development. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying NPC metastasis remain unclear. Here we investigate aberrantly methylated transcription factors in NPC tissues, and we identify the HOP homeobox HOPX as the most significantly hypermethylated gene. Consistently, we find that HOXP expression is downregulated in NPC tissues and NPC cell lines. Restoring HOPX expression suppresses metastasis and enhances chemosensitivity of NPC cells. These effects are mediated by HOPX-mediated epigenetic silencing of SNAIL transcription through the enhancement of histone H3K9 deacetylation in the SNAIL promoter. Moreover, we find that patients with high methylation levels of HOPX exhibit poor clinical outcomes in both the training and validation cohorts. In summary, HOPX acts as a tumour suppressor via the epigenetic regulation of SNAIL transcription, which provides a novel prognostic biomarker for NPC metastasis and therapeutic target for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyue Ren
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road west, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road west, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Xiaozhong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Waihuan Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qingmei He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Yingqin Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xinran Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Qian Zhong
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Na Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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79
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Epigenomic reprogramming during pancreatic cancer progression links anabolic glucose metabolism to distant metastasis. Nat Genet 2017; 49:367-376. [PMID: 28092686 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), heterogeneous subclonal populations emerge that drive primary tumor growth, regional spread, distant metastasis, and patient death. However, the genetics of metastases largely reflects that of the primary tumor in untreated patients, and PDAC driver mutations are shared by all subclones. This raises the possibility that an epigenetic process might operate during metastasis. Here we report large-scale reprogramming of chromatin modifications during the natural evolution of distant metastasis. Changes were targeted to thousands of large chromatin domains across the genome that collectively specified malignant traits, including euchromatin and large organized chromatin histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9)-modified (LOCK) heterochromatin. Remarkably, distant metastases co-evolved a dependence on the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP), and oxPPP inhibition selectively reversed reprogrammed chromatin, malignant gene expression programs, and tumorigenesis. These findings suggest a model whereby linked metabolic-epigenetic programs are selected for enhanced tumorigenic fitness during the evolution of distant metastasis.
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80
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Patel SA, Vanharanta S. Epigenetic determinants of metastasis. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:79-96. [PMID: 27756687 PMCID: PMC5423227 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of cancer progression in patient samples and model systems have thus far failed to identify specific mutational drivers of metastasis. Yet, at least in experimental systems, metastatic cancer clones display stable traits that can facilitate progression through the many steps of metastasis. How cancer cells establish and maintain the transcriptional programmes required for metastasis remains mostly unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that metastatic traits may arise from epigenetically altered transcriptional output of the oncogenic signals that drive tumour initiation and early progression. Molecular dissection of such mechanisms remains a central challenge for a comprehensive understanding of the origins of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroor A Patel
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sakari Vanharanta
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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81
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Yap LF, Lai SL, Patmanathan SN, Gokulan R, Robinson CM, White JB, Chai SJ, Rajadurai P, Prepageran N, Liew YT, Lopes V, Wei W, Hollows RJ, Murray PG, Lambert DW, Hunter KD, Paterson IC. HOPX functions as a tumour suppressor in head and neck cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38758. [PMID: 27934959 PMCID: PMC5146930 DOI: 10.1038/srep38758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is generalized term that encompasses a diverse group of cancers that includes tumours of the oral cavity (OSCC), oropharynx (OPSCC) and nasopharynx (NPC). Genetic alterations that are common to all HNSCC types are likely to be important for squamous carcinogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the role of the homeodomain-only homeobox gene, HOPX, in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. We show that HOPX mRNA levels are reduced in OSCC and NPC cell lines and tissues and there is a general reduction of HOPX protein expression in these tumours and OPSCCs. HOPX promoter methylation was observed in a subset of HNSCCs and was associated with a worse overall survival in HPV negative tumours. RNAseq analysis of OSCC cells transfected with HOPX revealed a widespread deregulation of the transcription of genes related to epithelial homeostasis and ectopic over-expression of HOPX in OSCC and NPC cells inhibited cell proliferation, plating efficiency and migration, and enhanced sensitivity to UVA-induced apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that HOPX functions as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC and suggest a central role for HOPX in suppressing epithelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Fah Yap
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Ling Lai
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sathya Narayanan Patmanathan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Gokulan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C. Max Robinson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Joe B. White
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, Unite Kingdom
| | - San Jiun Chai
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Narayanan Prepageran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yew Toong Liew
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Lopes
- Department of Oral surgery, Edinburgh Postgraduate Dental Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Hollows
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Murray
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, Unite Kingdom
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, Unite Kingdom
| | - Ian C. Paterson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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82
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Mehta A, Cordero J, Dobersch S, Romero-Olmedo AJ, Savai R, Bodner J, Chao CM, Fink L, Guzmán-Díaz E, Singh I, Dobreva G, Rapp UR, Günther S, Ilinskaya ON, Bellusci S, Dammann RH, Braun T, Seeger W, Gattenlöhner S, Tresch A, Günther A, Barreto G. Non-invasive lung cancer diagnosis by detection of GATA6 and NKX2-1 isoforms in exhaled breath condensate. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1380-1389. [PMID: 27821429 PMCID: PMC5167131 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Early LC diagnosis is crucial to reduce the high case fatality rate of this disease. In this case–control study, we developed an accurate LC diagnosis test using retrospectively collected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) human lung tissues and prospectively collected exhaled breath condensates (EBCs). Following international guidelines for diagnostic methods with clinical application, reproducible standard operating procedures (SOP) were established for every step comprising our LC diagnosis method. We analyzed the expression of distinct mRNAs expressed from GATA6 and NKX2‐1, key regulators of lung development. The Em/Ad expression ratios of GATA6 and NKX2‐1 detected in EBCs were combined using linear kernel support vector machines (SVM) into the LC score, which can be used for LC detection. LC score‐based diagnosis achieved a high performance in an independent validation cohort. We propose our method as a non‐invasive, accurate, and low‐price option to complement the success of computed tomography imaging (CT) and chest X‐ray (CXR) for LC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mehta
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dobersch
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Addi J Romero-Olmedo
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autonoma "Benito Juarez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Bodner
- Section Thoracic Surgery, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Chair for Lung Matrix Remodeling, Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, UEGP, Wetzlar, Germany
| | | | - Indrabahadur Singh
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Emmy Noether Research Group Origin of Cardiac Cell Lineages, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulf R Rapp
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Olga N Ilinskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Chair for Lung Matrix Remodeling, Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Achim Tresch
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany .,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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83
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Hu H, Sun Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Shen L, Wang R, Sun Y, Chen H. The Histologic Classifications of Lung Adenocarcinomas Are Discriminable by Unique Lineage Backgrounds. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:2161-2172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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84
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Kikuchi M, Katoh H, Waraya M, Tanaka Y, Ishii S, Tanaka T, Nishizawa N, Yokoi K, Minatani N, Ema A, Kosaka Y, Tanino H, Yamashita K, Watanabe M. Epigenetic silencing of HOPX contributes to cancer aggressiveness in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 384:70-78. [PMID: 27756570 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of HOPX has been shown to be frequent and specific in human cancers. HOPX is thought as a tumor suppressor gene and its promoter methylation is the main mechanism of down-regulation. In non-hereditary breast cancer, since roles of epigenetic modifications are more critical than in other cancers, the aim of this study is to seek into the roles and clinical relevance of epigenetic silencing of HOPX. Down-regulation of HOPX was observed in all human breast cancer cell lines tested. The promoter methylation was found in six of seven cell lines, and demethylating agents restored HOPX expression. The promoter methylation was cancer-specific in human breast tissues. Forced expression of HOPX attenuated anchorage-independent growth in vitro. HOPX promoter methylation independently predicted worse prognosis of breast cancer patients. Of note, HOPX promoter methylation was significantly associated with HER2 positivity as well as advanced lymph node metastasis. HOPX promoter methylation is not only frequent and cancer-specific but also associated with aggressive phenotype in breast cancer. Epigenetic silencing of HOPX may have clinical potential as a biomarker in the treatment strategy of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mina Waraya
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Yokoi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Minatani
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Ema
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanino
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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85
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Homeobox-Only Protein Expression Is a Critical Prognostic Indicator of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor and Is Regulated by Promoter DNA Hypermethylation. Pancreas 2016; 45:1255-1262. [PMID: 27776044 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have identified homeobox-only protein (HOPX) as a tumor suppressor gene in various human cancer, and its expression was reduced by promoter DNA hypermethylation. Homeobox-only protein is strongly expressed on pancreatic islet cells; however, clinical relevance of HOPX expression has remained elusive in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET). METHODS We investigated 36 patients with pNET who undertook surgical resection between 1988 and 2012 for HOPX expression and DNA methylation to reveal its clinical significance. RESULTS (1) Homeobox-only protein is strongly expressed on pancreatic islet cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Homeobox-only protein expression was recognized on pNET tumor cells for 1+ in 15, for 2+ in 16, and for 3+ in 5. (2) Homeobox-only protein IHC expression was significantly associated with prognosis (P = 0.03), and survival rate was 37.5%, 70.3%, and 100% in HOPX 1+, 2+, and 3+, respectively. (3) Promoter DNA methylation was quantitatively assessed, and HOPX hypermethylation is found in 6.3%, 11.8%, and 66.7% of G1/G2/G3 pNET, respectively (P = 0.02). (4) Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model identified HOPX IHC expression and HOPX promoter DNA hypermethylation as independent prognostic factors in pNET. CONCLUSIONS Homeobox-only protein expression is a critical prognostic indicator of pNET, and its regulation may be made through promoter DNA methylation.
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86
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Brady JJ, Chuang CH, Greenside PG, Rogers ZN, Murray CW, Caswell DR, Hartmann U, Connolly AJ, Sweet-Cordero EA, Kundaje A, Winslow MM. An Arntl2-Driven Secretome Enables Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastatic Self-Sufficiency. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:697-710. [PMID: 27150038 PMCID: PMC4864124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to establish lethal metastatic lesions requires the survival and expansion of single cancer cells at distant sites. The factors controlling the clonal growth ability of individual cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here, we show that high expression of the transcription factor ARNTL2 predicts poor lung adenocarcinoma patient outcome. Arntl2 is required for metastatic ability in vivo and clonal growth in cell culture. Arntl2 drives metastatic self-sufficiency by orchestrating the expression of a complex pro-metastatic secretome. We identify Clock as an Arntl2 partner and functionally validate the matricellular protein Smoc2 as a pro-metastatic secreted factor. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms that enable single cancer cells to form allochthonous tumors in foreign tissue environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Brady
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peyton G Greenside
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zoë N Rogers
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher W Murray
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew J Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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87
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Abstract
Primary tumors are known to constantly shed a large number of cancer cells into systemic dissemination, yet only a tiny fraction of these cells is capable of forming overt metastases. The tremendous rate of attrition during the process of metastasis implicates the existence of a rare and unique population of metastasis-initiating cells (MICs). MICs possess advantageous traits that may originate in the primary tumor but continue to evolve during dissemination and colonization, including cellular plasticity, metabolic reprogramming, the ability to enter and exit dormancy, resistance to apoptosis, immune evasion, and co-option of other tumor and stromal cells. Better understanding of the molecular and cellular hallmarks of MICs will facilitate the development and deployment of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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88
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Mariotto A, Pavlova O, Park HS, Huber M, Hohl D. HOPX: The Unusual Homeodomain-Containing Protein. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:905-911. [PMID: 27017330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX) is the smallest known member of the homeodomain-containing protein family, atypically unable to bind DNA. HOPX is widely expressed in diverse tissues, where it is critically involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. In human skin, HOPX controls epidermal formation through the regulation of late differentiation markers, and HOPX expression correlates with the level of differentiation in cutaneous pathologies. In mouse skin, Hopx was additionally identified as a lineage tracing marker of quiescent hair follicle stem cells. This review discusses current knowledge of HOPX structure and function in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mariotto
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olesya Pavlova
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyun-Sook Park
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Huber
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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89
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Abstract
The GATA family of transcription factors consists of six proteins (GATA1-6) which are
involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GATA1/2/3 are required
for differentiation of mesoderm and ectoderm-derived tissues, including the haematopoietic
and central nervous system. GATA4/5/6 are implicated in development and differentiation of
endoderm- and mesoderm-derived tissues such as induction of differentiation of embryonic
stem cells, cardiovascular embryogenesis and guidance of epithelial cell differentiation
in the adult.
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90
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PARP1 enhances lung adenocarcinoma metastasis by novel mechanisms independent of DNA repair. Oncogene 2016; 35:4569-79. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liebler JM, Marconett CN, Juul N, Wang H, Liu Y, Flodby P, Laird-Offringa IA, Minoo P, Zhou B. Combinations of differentiation markers distinguish subpopulations of alveolar epithelial cells in adult lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L114-20. [PMID: 26545903 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00337.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal lung epithelium is maintained by proliferation of alveolar type II (AT2) cells and, for some daughter AT2 cells, transdifferentiation into alveolar type I (AT1) cells. We investigated if subpopulations of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) exist that represent various stages in transdifferentiation from AT2 to AT1 cell phenotypes in normal adult lung and if they can be identified using combinations of cell-specific markers. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that, in distal rat and mouse lungs, ∼ 20-30% of NKX2.1(+) (or thyroid transcription factor 1(+)) cells did not colocalize with pro-surfactant protein C (pro-SP-C), a highly specific AT2 cell marker. In distal rat lung, NKX2.1(+) cells coexpressed either pro-SP-C or the AT1 cell marker homeodomain only protein x (HOPX). Not all HOPX(+) cells colocalize with the AT1 cell marker aquaporin 5 (AQP5), and some AQP5(+) cells were NKX2.1(+). HOPX was expressed earlier than AQP5 during transdifferentiation in rat AEC primary culture, with robust expression of both by day 7. We speculate that NKX2.1 and pro-SP-C colocalize in AT2 cells, NKX2.1 and HOPX or AQP5 colocalize in intermediate or transitional cells, and HOPX and AQP5 are expressed without NKX2.1 in AT1 cells. These findings suggest marked heterogeneity among cells previously identified as exclusively AT1 or AT2 cells, implying the presence of subpopulations of intermediate or transitional AEC in normal adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Liebler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Nicholas Juul
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ite A Laird-Offringa
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
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Song WM, Zhang B. Multiscale Embedded Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004574. [PMID: 26618778 PMCID: PMC4664553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene co-expression network analysis has been shown effective in identifying functional co-expressed gene modules associated with complex human diseases. However, existing techniques to construct co-expression networks require some critical prior information such as predefined number of clusters, numerical thresholds for defining co-expression/interaction, or do not naturally reproduce the hallmarks of complex systems such as the scale-free degree distribution of small-worldness. Previously, a graph filtering technique called Planar Maximally Filtered Graph (PMFG) has been applied to many real-world data sets such as financial stock prices and gene expression to extract meaningful and relevant interactions. However, PMFG is not suitable for large-scale genomic data due to several drawbacks, such as the high computation complexity O(|V|3), the presence of false-positives due to the maximal planarity constraint, and the inadequacy of the clustering framework. Here, we developed a new co-expression network analysis framework called Multiscale Embedded Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (MEGENA) by: i) introducing quality control of co-expression similarities, ii) parallelizing embedded network construction, and iii) developing a novel clustering technique to identify multi-scale clustering structures in Planar Filtered Networks (PFNs). We applied MEGENA to a series of simulated data and the gene expression data in breast carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). MEGENA showed improved performance over well-established clustering methods and co-expression network construction approaches. MEGENA revealed not only meaningful multi-scale organizations of co-expressed gene clusters but also novel targets in breast carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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93
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A loss-of-function and H2B-Venus transcriptional reporter allele for Gata6 in mice. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:38. [PMID: 26498761 PMCID: PMC4619391 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The GATA-binding factor 6 (Gata6) gene encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that often functions as a key regulator of lineage specification during development. It is the earliest known marker of the primitive endoderm lineage in the mammalian blastocyst. During gastrulation, GATA6 is expressed in early cardiac mesoderm and definitive endoderm progenitors, and is necessary for development of specific mesoderm and endoderm-derived organs including the heart, liver, and pancreas. Furthermore, reactivation or silencing of the Gata6 locus has been associated with certain types of cancer affecting endodermal organs. Results We have generated a Gata6H2B-Venus knock-in reporter mouse allele for the purpose of labeling GATA6-expressing cells with a bright nuclear-localized fluorescent marker that is suitable for live imaging at single-cell resolution. Conclusions Expression of the Venus reporter was characterized starting from embryonic stem (ES) cells, through mouse embryos and adult animals. The Venus reporter was not expressed in ES cells, but was activated upon endoderm differentiation. Gata6H2B-Venus/H2B-Venus homozygous embryos did not express GATA6 protein and failed to specify the primitive endoderm in the blastocyst. However, null blastocysts continued to express high levels of Venus in the absence of GATA6 protein, suggesting that early Gata6 transcription is independent of GATA6 protein expression. At early post-implantation stages of embryonic development, there was a strong correlation of Venus with endogenous GATA6 protein in endoderm and mesoderm progenitors, then later in the heart, midgut, and hindgut. However, there were discrepancies in reporter versus endogenous protein expression in certain cells, such as the body wall and endocardium. During organogenesis, detection of Venus in specific organs recapitulated known sites of endogenous GATA6 expression, such as in the lung bud epithelium, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, stomach epithelium, and vascular endothelium. In adults, Venus was observed in the lungs, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, ovaries, uterus, bladder, skin, adrenal glands, small intestine and corpus region of the stomach. Overall, Venus fluorescent protein under regulatory control of the Gata6 locus was expressed at levels that were easily visualized directly and could endure live and time-lapse imaging techniques. Venus is co-expressed with endogenous GATA6 throughout development to adulthood, and should provide an invaluable tool for examining the status of the Gata6 locus during development, as well as its silencing or reactivation in cancer or other disease states. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-015-0086-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Surviving at a Distance: Organ-Specific Metastasis. Trends Cancer 2015; 1:76-91. [PMID: 28741564 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of metastasis in a vital organ is the final stage of cancer progression and the main culprit of cancer-related mortality. Once established, metastasis is devastating, but only a small proportion of the cancer cells that leave a tumor succeed at infiltrating, surviving, and ultimately overtaking a distant organ. The bottlenecks that challenge cancer cells in newly invaded microenvironments are organ-specific and consequently demand distinct mechanisms for metastatic colonization. We review the metastatic traits that allow cancer cells to colonize distinct organ sites.
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Pavlovic M, Arnal-Estapé A, Rojo F, Bellmunt A, Tarragona M, Guiu M, Planet E, Garcia-Albéniz X, Morales M, Urosevic J, Gawrzak S, Rovira A, Prat A, Nonell L, Lluch A, Jean-Mairet J, Coleman R, Albanell J, Gomis RR. Enhanced MAF Oncogene Expression and Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv256. [PMID: 26376684 PMCID: PMC4681582 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no biomarkers for early breast cancer patient populations at risk of bone metastasis. Identification of mediators of bone metastasis could be of clinical interest. METHODS A de novo unbiased screening approach based on selection of highly bone metastatic breast cancer cells in vivo was used to determine copy number aberrations (CNAs) associated with bone metastasis. The CNAs associated with bone metastasis were examined in independent primary breast cancer datasets with annotated clinical follow-up. The MAF gene encoded within the CNA associated with bone metastasis was subjected to gain and loss of function validation in breast cancer cells (MCF7, T47D, ZR-75, and 4T1), its downstream mechanism validated, and tested in clinical samples. A multivariable Cox cause-specific hazard model with competing events (death) was used to test the association between 16q23 or MAF and bone metastasis. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS 16q23 gain CNA encoding the transcription factor MAF mediates breast cancer bone metastasis through the control of PTHrP. 16q23 gain (hazard ratio (HR) for bone metastasis = 14.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.4 to 32.9, P < .001) as well as MAF overexpression (HR for bone metastasis = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.7 to 3.8, P < .001) in primary breast tumors were specifically associated with risk of metastasis to bone but not to other organs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MAF is a mediator of breast cancer bone metastasis. 16q23 gain or MAF protein overexpression in tumors may help to select patients at risk of bone relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Pavlovic
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Anna Arnal-Estapé
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Federico Rojo
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Anna Bellmunt
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Maria Tarragona
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Marc Guiu
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Evarist Planet
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Xabier Garcia-Albéniz
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Mónica Morales
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Jelena Urosevic
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Sylwia Gawrzak
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Ana Rovira
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Aleix Prat
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Lara Nonell
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Ana Lluch
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Joël Jean-Mairet
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Robert Coleman
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Joan Albanell
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG)
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program (MP, AAE, AB, MT, MG, XGA, MM, JU, SG, RRG) and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit (EP), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program (FR, AR, JA) and Microarray Analysis Service (LN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (FR); Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (AR, JA); Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain (AL); Valencia Central University, Spain (AL); Inbiomotion, Barcelona, Spain (JJM); Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK (RC); Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (JA); Translational Genomics, Vall d'Hebron Insitute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (XGA); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain (RRG).
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96
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Jain R, Li D, Gupta M, Manderfield LJ, Ifkovits JL, Wang Q, Liu F, Liu Y, Poleshko A, Padmanabhan A, Raum JC, Li L, Morrisey EE, Lu MM, Won KJ, Epstein JA. HEART DEVELOPMENT. Integration of Bmp and Wnt signaling by Hopx specifies commitment of cardiomyoblasts. Science 2015; 348:aaa6071. [PMID: 26113728 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells are multipotent and give rise to cardiac endothelium, smooth muscle, and cardiomyocytes. Here, we define and characterize the cardiomyoblast intermediate that is committed to the cardiomyocyte fate, and we characterize the niche signals that regulate commitment. Cardiomyoblasts express Hopx, which functions to coordinate local Bmp signals to inhibit the Wnt pathway, thus promoting cardiomyogenesis. Hopx integrates Bmp and Wnt signaling by physically interacting with activated Smads and repressing Wnt genes. The identification of the committed cardiomyoblast that retains proliferative potential will inform cardiac regenerative therapeutics. In addition, Bmp signals characterize adult stem cell niches in other tissues where Hopx-mediated inhibition of Wnt is likely to contribute to stem cell quiescence and to explain the role of Hopx as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mudit Gupta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren J Manderfield
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamie L Ifkovits
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qiaohong Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Raum
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Min Min Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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97
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Jones A, Opejin A, Henderson JG, Gross C, Jain R, Epstein JA, Flavell RA, Hawiger D. Peripherally Induced Tolerance Depends on Peripheral Regulatory T Cells That Require Hopx To Inhibit Intrinsic IL-2 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1489-97. [PMID: 26170384 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can induce peripheral immune tolerance that prevents autoimmune responses. Ag presentation by peripheral DCs under steady-state conditions leads to a conversion of some peripheral CD4(+) T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs) that require homeodomain-only protein (Hopx) to mediate T cell unresponsiveness. However, the roles of these peripheral Tregs (pTregs) in averting autoimmune responses, as well as immunological mechanisms of Hopx, remain unknown. We report that Hopx(+) pTregs converted by DCs from Hopx(-) T cells are indispensible to sustain tolerance that prevents autoimmune responses directed at self-Ags during experimental acute encephalomyelitis. Our studies further reveal that Hopx inhibits intrinsic IL-2 expression in pTregs after antigenic rechallenge. In the absence of Hopx, increased levels of IL-2 lead to death and decreased numbers of pTregs. Therefore, formation of Hopx(+) pTregs represents a crucial pathway of sustained tolerance induced by peripheral DCs, and the maintenance of such pTregs and tolerance requires functions of Hopx to block intrinsic IL-2 production in pTregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Adeleye Opejin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Jacob G Henderson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Cindy Gross
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104;
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98
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Cheung WKC, Nguyen DX. Lineage factors and differentiation states in lung cancer progression. Oncogene 2015; 34:5771-80. [PMID: 25823023 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies. Here we discuss how the remarkable diversity of major lung cancer subtypes is manifested in their transforming cell of origin, oncogenic dependencies, phenotypic plasticity, metastatic competence and response to therapy. More specifically, we review the increasing evidence that links this biological heterogeneity to the deregulation of cell lineage-specific pathways and the transcription factors that ultimately control them. As determinants of pulmonary epithelial differentiation, these poorly characterized transcriptional networks may underlie the etiology and biological progression of distinct lung cancers, while providing insight into innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K C Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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99
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Tang YA, Chen CH, Sun HS, Cheng CP, Tseng VS, Hsu HS, Su WC, Lai WW, Wang YC. Global Oct4 target gene analysis reveals novel downstream PTEN and TNC genes required for drug-resistance and metastasis in lung cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:1593-608. [PMID: 25609695 PMCID: PMC4330385 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Oct4, a stemness gene encoding a transcription factor, has been reported in several cancers. However, the mechanism by which Oct4 directs transcriptional program that leads to somatic cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we provide mechanistic insight into Oct4-driven transcriptional network promoting drug-resistance and metastasis in lung cancer cell, animal and clinical studies. Through an integrative approach combining our Oct4 chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing and ENCODE datasets, we identified the genome-wide binding regions of Oct4 in lung cancer at promoter and enhancer of numerous genes involved in critical pathways which promote tumorigenesis. Notably, PTEN and TNC were previously undefined targets of Oct4. In addition, novel Oct4-binding motifs were found to overlap with DNA elements for Sp1 transcription factor. We provided evidence that Oct4 suppressed PTEN in an Sp1-dependent manner by recruitment of HDAC1/2, leading to activation of AKT signaling and drug-resistance. In contrast, Oct4 transactivated TNC independent of Sp1 and resulted in cancer metastasis. Clinically, lung cancer patients with Oct4 high, PTEN low and TNC high expression profile significantly correlated with poor disease-free survival. Our study reveals a critical Oct4-driven transcriptional program that promotes lung cancer progression, illustrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Oc4 transcriptionally regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-An Tang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pei Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Vincent S Tseng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan Institute of Medical Informatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Shui Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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100
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Chen Y, Yang L, Cui T, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, Petersen I. HOPX is methylated and exerts tumour-suppressive function through Ras-induced senescence in human lung cancer. J Pathol 2014; 235:397-407. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Ziegelmühlenweg 1 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Linlin Yang
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Ziegelmühlenweg 1 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Tiantian Cui
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Ziegelmühlenweg 1 07743 Jena Germany
| | | | - Iver Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Jena; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Ziegelmühlenweg 1 07743 Jena Germany
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