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Upregulation of dNTP Levels After Telomerase Inactivation Influences Telomerase-Independent Telomere Maintenance Pathway Choice in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:2551-2558. [PMID: 29848621 PMCID: PMC6071591 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 10–15% of cancers, telomere length is maintained by a telomerase-independent, recombination-mediated pathway called alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). ALT mechanisms were first seen, and have been best studied, in telomerase-null Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells called “survivors”. There are two main types of survivors. Type I survivors amplify Y′ subtelomeric elements while type II survivors, similar to the majority of human ALT cells, amplify the terminal telomeric repeats. Both types of survivors require Rad52, a key homologous recombination protein, and Pol32, a non-essential subunit of DNA polymerase δ. A number of additional proteins have been reported to be important for either type I or type II survivor formation, but it is still unclear how these two pathways maintain telomeres. In this study, we performed a genome-wide screen to identify novel genes that are important for the formation of type II ALT-like survivors. We identified 23 genes that disrupt type II survivor formation when deleted. 17 of these genes had not been previously reported to do so. Several of these genes (DUN1, CCR4, and MOT2) are known to be involved in the regulation of dNTP levels. We find that dNTP levels are elevated early after telomerase inactivation and that this increase favors the formation of type II survivors.
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Murdock KW, Zilioli S, Ziauddin K, Heijnen CJ, Fagundes CP. Attachment and telomere length: more evidence for psychobiological connections between close relationships, health, and aging. J Behav Med 2018; 41:333-343. [PMID: 29067540 PMCID: PMC5916749 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with a history of poor interpersonal relationships are more likely to demonstrate negative health outcomes than those who have had high quality relationships. We sought to evaluate how attachment orientations, stress-induced respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and self-reported stress were associated with length of telomeres measured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Participants (N = 213) completed self-report measures of attachment and stress. Measurement of RSA was conducted before and after a stressful task and a blood draw was completed for analysis of telomere length. Attachment orientations were not directly associated with telomere length; however, we found that high attachment anxiety was associated with shorter length of telomeres via high self-reported stress. Attachment avoidance was also associated with telomere length via self-reported stress, but only among those with high stress-induced RSA. Exploratory analyses of T cell subsets indicated that stress was most strongly associated with telomeres from CD8CD28+ cells in comparison to CD8CD28- and CD4 cells. Study findings indicate that attachment orientations are associated with telomere length via stress, providing novel insights into the mechanisms through which close relationships can impact health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Murdock
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Thompson CAH, Gu A, Yang SY, Mathew V, Fleisig HB, Wong JMY. Transient Telomerase Inhibition with Imetelstat Impacts DNA Damage Signals and Cell-Cycle Kinetics. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1215-1225. [PMID: 29759988 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is the ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that catalyzes the synthesis of telomeres at the ends of linear chromosomes and contributes to proper telomere-loop (T-loop) formation. Formation of the T-loop, an obligate step before cell division can proceed, requires the generation of a 3'-overhang on the G-rich strand of telomeric DNA via telomerase or C-strand specific nucleases. Here, it is discovered that telomerase activity is critical for efficient cell-cycle progression using transient chemical inhibition by the telomerase inhibitor, imetelstat. Telomerase inhibition changed cell cycle kinetics and increased the proportion of cells in G2-phase, suggesting delayed clearance through this checkpoint. Investigating the possible contribution of unstructured telomere ends to these cell-cycle distribution changes, it was observed that imetelstat treatment induced γH2AX DNA damage foci in a subset of telomerase-positive cells but not telomerase-negative primary human fibroblasts. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation with γH2AX antibodies demonstrated imetelstat treatment-dependent enrichment of this DNA damage marker at telomeres. Notably, the effects of telomerase inhibition on cell cycle profile alterations were abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of the DNA-damage-repair transducer, ATM. Also, imetelstat potentiation of etoposide, a DNA-damaging drug that acts preferentially during S-G2 phases of the cell cycle, depends on functional ATM signaling. Thus, telomerase inhibition delays the removal of ATM-dependent DNA damage signals from telomeres in telomerase-positive cancer cells and interferes with cell cycle progression through G2Implications: This study demonstrates that telomerase activity directly facilitates the progression of the cell cycle through modulation of transient telomere dysfunction signals. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1215-25. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A H Thompson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alice Gu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sunny Y Yang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Veena Mathew
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helen B Fleisig
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Judy M Y Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Ko E, Seo HW, Jung G. Telomere length and reactive oxygen species levels are positively associated with a high risk of mortality and recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 67:1378-1391. [PMID: 29059467 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Telomeres protect chromosomal ends from deterioration and have been shown to be susceptible to shortening by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. ROS levels increase during the progression from early to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An independent study found that the telomeres in most HCC tissues lengthened during carcinogenic advancement. Activated telomerase has been hypothesized to elongate telomeres during the progression of malignant HCC, but it remains unclear which signaling pathway is necessary for telomerase activation in HCC. Here, we showed using cell lines derived from human HCC that H2 O2 , which is a major component of ROS in living organisms, elongates telomeres by increasing telomerase activity through protein kinase B (AKT) activation. The AKT inhibitor, perifosine, decreased telomere length, cellular viability, and H2 O2 -mediated migration and invasion capacity in HCC cells while also inhibiting AKT activation, telomere maintenance, and tumor growth in nude mice. Advanced HCC tissues showed a positive correlation among ROS levels, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) levels, and telomere length. Furthermore, patients with HCC tumors that have high ROS levels and long telomeres displayed poorer survival rates. These data demonstrate the significant utilities of ROS levels, pAKT levels, and telomere length for predicting a poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Taken together, AKT activation could be essential for telomere maintenance in advanced HCC tumors as well as being an important contributor to malignant HCC progression. CONCLUSION We showed that H2 O2 contributes to telomere elongation through AKT activation in advanced HCC, suggesting that an AKT inhibitor such as perifosine may be useful for treating patients with malignant HCC. (Hepatology 2018;67:1378-1391).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyong Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guhung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Murdock KW, Seiler AJ, Chirinos DA, Garcini LM, Acebo SL, Cohen S, Fagundes CP. Low childhood subjective social status and telomere length in adulthood: The role of attachment orientations. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:340-346. [PMID: 29451299 PMCID: PMC5867236 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Low subjective social status (SSS) in childhood places one at greater risk of a number of health problems in adulthood. Theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that exposure to supportive parenting may buffer the negative effects of low childhood SSS on adult health. Given the importance of supportive caregivers and close others for the development of attachment orientations throughout the lifespan, attachment theory may be important for understanding why some individuals are resilient to the negative effects of low childhood SSS on adult health while others are not. We examined if attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance altered the association between childhood subjective social status (SSS) and length of telomeres in white blood cells in adulthood. Shorter telomere length is associated with increased risk of age-related diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Participants (N = 128) completed self-report measures of childhood SSS and attachment orientations, as well as a blood draw. We found that among those with low childhood SSS, low attachment anxiety was associated with longer telomere length in white blood cells in comparison to high attachment anxiety controlling for participant age, sex, race, body mass index, and adult SSS. Among those with high childhood SSS, low attachment anxiety was associated with a slight decrease in telomere length. Attachment avoidance was unrelated to length of telomeres. Such findings provide further evidence for the role that close relationships may have on buffering SSS related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Murdock
- Department of Psychology, Rice University
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Christopher P. Fagundes
- Department of Psychology, Rice University
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine
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56
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Bandara G, Muñoz-Cano R, Tobío A, Yin Y, Komarow HD, Desai A, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. Targeting Sphingosine Kinase Isoforms Effectively Reduces Growth and Survival of Neoplastic Mast Cells With D816V-KIT. Front Immunol 2018; 9:631. [PMID: 29643855 PMCID: PMC5883065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a disorder resulting from an abnormal mast cell (MC) accumulation in tissues that is often associated with the D816V mutation in KIT, the tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell factor. Therapies available to treat aggressive presentations of mastocytosis are limited, thus exploration of novel pharmacological targets that reduce MC burden is desirable. Since increased generation of the lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by sphingosine kinase (SPHK) has been linked to oncogenesis, we studied the involvement of the two SPHK isoforms (SPHK1 and SPHK2) in the regulation of neoplastic human MC growth. While SPHK2 inhibition prevented entry into the cell cycle in normal and neoplastic human MCs with minimal effect on cell survival, SPHK1 inhibition caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M and apoptosis, particularly in D816V-KIT MCs. This was mediated via activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) cascade, including phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), CHK2-mediated M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 depletion, and p53 activation. Combination treatment of SPHK inhibitors with KIT inhibitors showed greater growth inhibition of D816V-KIT MCs than either inhibitor alone. Furthermore, inhibition of SPHK isoforms reduced the number of malignant bone marrow MCs from patients with mastocytosis and the growth of D816V-KIT MCs in a xenograft mouse model. Our results reveal a role for SPHK isoforms in the regulation of growth and survival in normal and neoplastic MCs and suggest a regulatory function for SPHK1 in the DDR in MCs with KIT mutations. The findings also suggest that targeting the SPHK/S1P axis may provide an alternative to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, alone or in combination, for the treatment of aggressive mastocytosis and other hematological malignancies associated with the D816V-KIT mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethani Bandara
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rosa Muñoz-Cano
- Allergy Section, Pneumology Department, Hospital Clinic, ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Tobío
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuzhi Yin
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hirsh D Komarow
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Avanti Desai
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Entringer S, de Punder K, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. The fetal programming of telomere biology hypothesis: an update. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170151. [PMID: 29335381 PMCID: PMC5784074 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on mechanisms underlying fetal programming of health and disease risk has focused primarily on processes that are specific to cell types, organs or phenotypes of interest. However, the observation that developmental conditions concomitantly influence a diverse set of phenotypes, the majority of which are implicated in age-related disorders, raises the possibility that such developmental conditions may additionally exert effects via a common underlying mechanism that involves cellular/molecular ageing-related processes. In this context, we submit that telomere biology represents a process of particular interest in humans because, firstly, this system represents among the most salient antecedent cellular phenotypes for common age-related disorders; secondly, its initial (newborn) setting appears to be particularly important for its long-term effects; and thirdly, its initial setting appears to be plastic and under developmental regulation. We propose that the effects of suboptimal intrauterine conditions on the initial setting of telomere length and telomerase expression/activity capacity may be mediated by the programming actions of stress-related maternal-placental-fetal oxidative, immune, endocrine and metabolic pathways in a manner that may ultimately accelerate cellular dysfunction, ageing and disease susceptibility over the lifespan. This perspectives paper provides an overview of each of the elements underlying this hypothesis, with an emphasis on recent developments, findings and future directions.This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Entringer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Karin de Punder
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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58
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Ruan L, Zhang X, Li R. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular determinants of aging. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/3/jcs210831. [PMID: 29420249 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the gradual decline of physiological functions and organismal fitness, which leads to age-dependent fitness loss, diseases and eventually mortality. Understanding the cause of aging constitutes one of most intriguing areas of research in biology. On both the cellular and molecular levels, it has been hypothesized that there are aging determinants to control the onset and progression of aging, including the loss of beneficial components and accumulation of detrimental factors. This Review highlights the recent advance in identifying various factors that affect the aging process, focusing on how these determinants affect the lifespan and fitness of a cell or organism. With more and more aging determinants revealed, further understanding about their functions and interconnections could enable the development of specific intervention to extend healthy lifespan and reduce the risk of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Ruan
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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59
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The paths of mortality: how understanding the biology of aging can help explain systems behavior of single cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8:25-31. [PMID: 29552673 DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a fundamental aspect of life, yet also one of the most confounding. In individual cells, aging results in a progressive decline which affects all organelles and reduces a cell's ability to maintain homeostasis. Because of the interconnected nature of cellular systems, the failure of even a single organelle can have cascading effects. We are just beginning to understand the dramatic physiological changes that occur during aging. Because most aging research has focused on population dynamics, or differences between wild-type and mutant populations, single-cell behavior has been largely overlooked. An open question is whether aging cells are defined by predictable sequences of physiological changes, or whether they proceed along divergent aging trajectories defined by whichever system begins to fail first. Can aging be best characterized by a cell-cycle like model with stereotyped states all cells progress through, or a Waddington landscape with divergent trajectories? Here we present work on understanding the changing physiological states of aging cells, why it will impact systems and synthetic biologists, and how the systems community can contribute significantly to the study of aging.
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60
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Li Y, Jin M, O'Laughlin R, Bittihn P, Tsimring LS, Pillus L, Hasty J, Hao N. Multigenerational silencing dynamics control cell aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11253-11258. [PMID: 29073021 PMCID: PMC5651738 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703379114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular aging plays an important role in many diseases, such as cancers, metabolic syndromes, and neurodegenerative disorders. There has been steady progress in identifying aging-related factors such as reactive oxygen species and genomic instability, yet an emerging challenge is to reconcile the contributions of these factors with the fact that genetically identical cells can age at significantly different rates. Such complexity requires single-cell analyses designed to unravel the interplay of aging dynamics and cell-to-cell variability. Here we use microfluidic technologies to track the replicative aging of single yeast cells and reveal that the temporal patterns of heterochromatin silencing loss regulate cellular life span. We found that cells show sporadic waves of silencing loss in the heterochromatic ribosomal DNA during the early phases of aging, followed by sustained loss of silencing preceding cell death. Isogenic cells have different lengths of the early intermittent silencing phase that largely determine their final life spans. Combining computational modeling and experimental approaches, we found that the intermittent silencing dynamics is important for longevity and is dependent on the conserved Sir2 deacetylase, whereas either sustained silencing or sustained loss of silencing shortens life span. These findings reveal that the temporal patterns of a key molecular process can directly influence cellular aging, and thus could provide guidance for the design of temporally controlled strategies to extend life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Meng Jin
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- The San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Richard O'Laughlin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Philip Bittihn
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- The San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lev S Tsimring
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- The San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lorraine Pillus
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jeff Hasty
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- The San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nan Hao
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- The San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Jose SS, Bendickova K, Kepak T, Krenova Z, Fric J. Chronic Inflammation in Immune Aging: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptor Crosstalk with the Telomere Complex? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1078. [PMID: 28928745 PMCID: PMC5591428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in immunity is characterized by stem cell exhaustion, telomere shortening, and disruption of cell-to-cell communication, leading to increased patient risk of disease. Recent data have demonstrated that chronic inflammation exerts a strong influence on immune aging and is closely correlated with telomere length in a range of major pathologies. The current review discusses the impact of inflammation on immune aging, the likely molecular mediators of this process, and the various disease states that have been linked with immunosenescence. Emerging findings implicate NF-κB, the major driver of inflammatory signaling, in several processes that regulate telomere maintenance and/or telomerase activity. While prolonged triggering of pattern recognition receptors is now known to promote immunosenescence, it remains unclear how this process is linked with the telomere complex or telomerase activity. Indeed, enzymatic control of telomere length has been studied for many decades, but alternative roles of telomerase and potential influences on inflammatory responses are only now beginning to emerge. Crosstalk between these pathways may prove to be a key molecular mechanism of immunosenescence. Understanding how components of immune aging interact and modify host protection against pathogens and tumors will be essential for the design of new vaccines and therapies for a wide range of clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sushama Jose
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czechia
| | - Kamila Bendickova
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Kepak
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Krenova
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Fric
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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62
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Qiu S, Zhao F, Zenasni O, Li J, Shih WC. Catalytic assembly of DNA nanostructures on a nanoporous gold array as 3D architectures for label-free telomerase activity sensing. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:217-224. [PMID: 32260643 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase, an enzyme known to catalyze telomere elongation by adding TTAGGG [thymine (T), adenine (A), and guanine (G)] repeats to the end of telomeres, is vital for cell proliferation. Overexpression of telomerase has been found in most tumor cells, resulting in telomere dysfunction and uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Thus, telomerase has been considered as a potential cancer biomarker, as well as a potential target in cancer therapy. In this study, telomerase-catalyzed growth of tandem G-quadruplex (G4) assembled on a nanoporous gold array (NPGA) resulted in the formation of three-dimensional hybrid nanoarchitectures. The generated nanostructure then captured malachite green (MG) (reporter molecule) without the need of a complicated labeling process. Upon laser irradiation, the captured MG molecules produced a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal that was generated by an abundant amount of plasmonic hot spots in the NPGA substrates. A limit of detection (LOD) of 10-10 IU along with a linear range, which was 3 orders of magnitude, was achieved, which was equivalent to the telomerase amount extracted from 20 HeLa cells. The LOD is 2 orders of magnitude better than that of the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and it approaches that of the most sensitive technique, telomeric repeat amplification protocols (TRAP), which require a laborious and equipment-intensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to chemically identify and quantify the telomerase activity on the sensitized NPGA surface. Furthermore, the sensor was applied to screen the effectiveness of anti-telomerase drugs such as zidovudine, thus demonstrating the potential use of the sensor in telomerase-based diagnosis and drug development. Moreover, the framework represents a novel paradigm of collaborative plasmonic intensification and catalytic multiplication (c-PI/CM) for label-free biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Hou C, Wang F, Liu X, Chang G, Wang F, Geng X. Comprehensive Analysis of Interaction Networks of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase with Multiple Bioinformatic Approaches: Deep Mining the Potential Functions of Telomere and Telomerase. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 20:320-333. [PMID: 28281877 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the protein component of telomerase complex. Evidence has accumulated showing that the nontelomeric functions of TERT are independent of telomere elongation. However, the mechanisms governing the interaction between TERT and its target genes are not clearly revealed. The biological functions of TERT are not fully elucidated and have thus far been underestimated. To further explore these functions, we investigated TERT interaction networks using multiple bioinformatic databases, including BioGRID, STRING, DAVID, GeneCards, GeneMANIA, PANTHER, miRWalk, mirTarBase, miRNet, miRDB, and TargetScan. In addition, network diagrams were built using Cytoscape software. As competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are endogenous transcripts that compete for the binding of microRNAs (miRNAs) by using shared miRNA recognition elements, they are involved in creating widespread regulatory networks. Therefore, the ceRNA regulatory networks of TERT were also investigated in this study. Interestingly, we found that the three genes PABPC1, SLC7A11, and TP53 were present in both TERT interaction networks and ceRNAs target genes. It was predicted that TERT might play nontelomeric roles in the generation or development of some rare diseases, such as Rift Valley fever and dyscalculia. Thus, our data will help to decipher the interaction networks of TERT and reveal the unknown functions of telomerase in cancer and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Hou
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- 3 Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Guangming Chang
- 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- 5 Department of Genetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Geng
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China .,6 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China .,7 Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
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Wang LJ, Ma F, Tang B, Zhang CY. Sensing telomerase: From in vitro detection to in vivo imaging. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2495-2502. [PMID: 28553482 PMCID: PMC5431678 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04801c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that is responsible for maintaining the telomere length in cells. Telomerase overexpresses in almost all malignant tumor cells, and it has become a promising biomarker and a potential therapy target for cancers. Consequently, accurate and efficient quantification of the telomerase is highly essential to medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Recently, a series of novel telomerase detection methods with excellent performance have been developed, but a overview of in vivo telomerase detection methods is lacking. In this Minireview, we summarize the emerging strategies for telomerase assays in the last five years, including both in vitro assays and in vivo imaging methods, and discuss their future directions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 0531 86186033
| | - Fei Ma
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 0531 86186033
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 0531 86186033
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 0531 86186033
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65
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Zou K, Ren DS, Ou-Yang Q, Li H, Zheng J. Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28448036 DOI: 10.3791/55412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important model organism in aging research. Genetic studies have revealed many genes with conserved effects on the lifespan across species. However, the molecular causes of aging and death remain elusive. To gain a systematic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying yeast aging, we need high-throughput methods to measure lifespan and to quantify various cellular and molecular phenotypes in single cells. Previously, we developed microfluidic devices to track budding yeast mother cells throughout their lifespan while flushing away newborn daughter cells. This article presents a method for preparing microfluidic chips and for setting up microfluidic experiments. Multiple channels can be used to simultaneously track cells under different conditions or from different yeast strains. A typical setup can track hundreds of cells per channel and allow for high-resolution microscope imaging throughout the lifespan of the cells. Our method also allows detailed characterization of the lifespan, molecular markers, cell morphology, and the cell cycle dynamics of single cells. In addition, our microfluidic device is able to trap a significant amount of fresh mother cells that can be identified by downstream image analysis, making it possible to measure the lifespan with higher accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zou
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Diana S Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Qi Ou-Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jiashun Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco;
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Xiong C, Liang W, Zheng Y, Zhuo Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Ultrasensitive Assay for Telomerase Activity via Self-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescent Ruthenium Complex Doped Metal–Organic Frameworks with High Emission Efficiency. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3222-3227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Xiong
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yingning Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
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67
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Chen KL, Crane MM, Kaeberlein M. Microfluidic technologies for yeast replicative lifespan studies. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 161:262-269. [PMID: 27015709 PMCID: PMC5035173 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism for the study of aging for over 50 years. In this time, the canonical aging experiment-replicative lifespan analysis by manual microdissection-has remained essentially unchanged. Recently, microfluidic technologies have been developed that may be able to substitute for this time- and labor-intensive procedure. These technologies also allow cell physiology to be observed throughout the entire lifetime. Here, we review these devices, novel observations they have made possible, and some of the current system limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew M Crane
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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68
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The oxidation state of the cytoplasmic glutathione redox system does not correlate with replicative lifespan in yeast. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16028. [PMID: 28721277 PMCID: PMC5515007 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
What is cause and what is consequence of aging and whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to this phenomenon is debated since more than 50 years. Notwithstanding, little is known about the cellular buffer and redox systems in aging Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a model for aging stem cells. Using genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, we measured pH, H2O2 levels and the glutathione redox potential compartment-specific in the cytosol of living, replicatively aging yeast cells, growing under fermenting and respiratory conditions until the end of their lifespan. We found that the pH decreases under both conditions at later stages of the replicative lifespan. H2O2 levels increase in fermenting cells in the post-replicative stage, but increase continuously with age in respiring cells. The glutathione redox couple becomes also more oxidizing in respiring cells but surprisingly more reducing under fermenting conditions. In strains deleted for the gene encoding glutathione reductase Glr1, such a reduction of the glutathione redox couple with age is not observed. We demonstrate that in vivo Glr1 is activated at lower pH explaining the reduced glutathione potential. The deletion of glr1 dramatically increases the glutathione redox potential especially under respiratory conditions but does not reduce lifespan. Our data demonstrate that pH and the glutathione redox couple is linked through Glr1 and that yeast cells can cope with a high glutathione redox potential without impact on longevity. Our data further suggest that a breakdown of cellular energy metabolism marks the end of replicative lifespan in yeast.
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69
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Kohanski RA, Deeks SG, Gravekamp C, Halter JB, High K, Hurria A, Fuldner R, Green P, Huebner R, Macchiarini F, Sierra F. Reverse geroscience: how does exposure to early diseases accelerate the age-related decline in health? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1386:30-44. [PMID: 27907230 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for both the development of chronic diseases and loss of functional capacity. Geroscience provides links among the biology of aging, the biology of disease, and the physiology of frailty, three fields where enormous progress has been made in the last few decades. While, previously, the focus was on the role of aging in susceptibility to disease and disability, the other side of this relationship, which is the contribution of disease to aging, has been less explored at the molecular/cellular level. Indeed, the role of childhood or early adulthood exposure to chronic disease and/or treatment on accelerating aging phenotypes is well known in epidemiology, but the biological basis is poorly understood. A recent summit co-organized by the National Institutes of Health GeroScience Interest Group and the New York Academy of Sciences explored these relationships, using three chronic diseases as examples: cancer, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes. The epidemiological literature clearly indicates that early exposure to any of these diseases and/or their treatments results in an acceleration of the appearance of aging phenotypes, including loss of functional capacity and accelerated appearance of clinical symptoms of aging-related diseases not obviously related to the earlier event. The discussions at the summit focused on the molecular and cellular relationships between each of these diseases and the recently defined molecular and cellular pillars of aging. Two major conclusions from the meeting include the desire to refine an operational definition of aging and to concomitantly develop biomarkers of aging, in order to move from chronological to physiological age. The discussion also opened a dialogue on the possibility of improving late-life outcomes in patients affected by chronic disease by including age-delaying modalities along with the standard care for the disease in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Kohanski
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Claudia Gravekamp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey B Halter
- Geriatrics Center and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin High
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Arti Hurria
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Rebecca Fuldner
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paige Green
- Biobehavioral and Psychologic Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robin Huebner
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Felipe Sierra
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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70
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Janssens GE, Veenhoff LM. The Natural Variation in Lifespans of Single Yeast Cells Is Related to Variation in Cell Size, Ribosomal Protein, and Division Time. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167394. [PMID: 27907085 PMCID: PMC5132237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large variability in lifespans of individuals even if they are genetically identical and raised under the same environmental conditions. Our recent system wide study of replicative aging in baker’s yeast predicts that protein biogenesis is a driver of aging. Here, we address how the natural variation in replicative lifespan within wild-type populations of yeast cells correlates to three biogenesis-related parameters, namely cell size, ribosomal protein Rpl13A-GFP levels, and division times. Imaging wild type yeast cells in microfluidic devices we observe that in all cells and at all ages, the division times as well as the increase in cell size that single yeast undergo while aging negatively correlate to their lifespan. In the longer-lived cells Rpl13A-GFP levels also negatively correlate to lifespan. Interestingly however, at young ages in the population, ribosome concentration was lowest in the cells that increased the most in size and had shorter lifespans. The correlations between these molecular and cellular properties related to biogenesis and lifespan explain a small portion of the variation in lifespans of individual cells, consistent with the highly individual and multifactorial nature of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges E. Janssens
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth M. Veenhoff
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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71
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Simon MN, Churikov D, Géli V. Replication stress as a source of telomere recombination during replicative senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow085. [PMID: 27683094 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicative senescence is triggered by short unprotected telomeres that arise in the absence of telomerase. In addition, telomeres are known as difficult regions to replicate due to their repetitive G-rich sequence prone to secondary structures and tightly bound non-histone proteins. Here we review accumulating evidence that telomerase inactivation in yeast immediately unmasks the problems associated with replication stress at telomeres. Early after telomerase inactivation, yeast cells undergo successive rounds of stochastic DNA damages and become dependent on recombination for viability long before the bulk of telomeres are getting critically short. The switch from telomerase to recombination to repair replication stress-induced damage at telomeres creates telomere instability, which may drive further genomic alterations and prepare the ground for telomerase-independent immortalization observed in yeast survivors and in 15% of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noëlle Simon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, 'Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer', Inserm U1068, Marseille F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille F-13009; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille F-13284, France
| | - Dmitri Churikov
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, 'Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer', Inserm U1068, Marseille F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille F-13009; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille F-13284, France
| | - Vincent Géli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, 'Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer', Inserm U1068, Marseille F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille F-13009; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille F-13284, France
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72
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Abstract
Telomeres at chromosome ends are nucleoprotein structures consisting of tandem TTAGGG repeats and a complex of proteins termed shelterin. DNA damage and repair at telomeres is uniquely influenced by the ability of telomeric DNA to form alternate structures including loops and G-quadruplexes, coupled with the ability of shelterin proteins to interact with and regulate enzymes in every known DNA repair pathway. The role of shelterin proteins in preventing telomeric ends from being falsely recognized and processed as DNA double strand breaks is well established. Here we focus instead on recent developments in understanding the roles of shelterin proteins and telomeric DNA sequence and structure in processing genuine damage at telomeres induced by endogenous and exogenous DNA damage agents. We will highlight advances in double strand break repair, base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair at telomeres, and will discuss important questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fouquerel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dhvani Parikh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Patricia Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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73
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Marthandan S, Menzel U, Priebe S, Groth M, Guthke R, Platzer M, Hemmerich P, Kaether C, Diekmann S. Conserved genes and pathways in primary human fibroblast strains undergoing replicative and radiation induced senescence. Biol Res 2016; 49:34. [PMID: 27464526 PMCID: PMC4963952 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is induced either internally, for example by replication exhaustion and cell division, or externally, for example by irradiation. In both cases, cellular damages accumulate which, if not successfully repaired, can result in senescence induction. Recently, we determined the transcriptional changes combined with the transition into replicative senescence in primary human fibroblast strains. Here, by γ-irradiation we induced premature cellular senescence in the fibroblast cell strains (HFF and MRC-5) and determined the corresponding transcriptional changes by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Results Comparing the transcriptomes, we found a high degree of similarity in differential gene expression in replicative as well as in irradiation induced senescence for both cell strains suggesting, in each cell strain, a common cellular response to error accumulation. On the functional pathway level, “Cell cycle” was the only pathway commonly down-regulated in replicative and irradiation-induced senescence in both fibroblast strains, confirming the tight link between DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. However, “DNA repair” and “replication” pathways were down-regulated more strongly in fibroblasts undergoing replicative exhaustion. We also retrieved genes and pathways in each of the cell strains specific for irradiation induced senescence. Conclusion We found the pathways associated with “DNA repair” and “replication” less stringently regulated in irradiation induced compared to replicative senescence. The strong regulation of these pathways in replicative senescence highlights the importance of replication errors for its induction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-016-0095-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Marthandan
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Uwe Menzel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Priebe
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hemmerich
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Diekmann
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
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74
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Early Loss of Telomerase Action in Yeast Creates a Dependence on the DNA Damage Response Adaptor Proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1908-19. [PMID: 27161319 PMCID: PMC4936065 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00943-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes, protecting them from degradation and inappropriate DNA repair processes that can lead to genomic instability. A short telomere elicits increased telomerase action on itself that replenishes telomere length, thereby stabilizing the telomere. In the prolonged absence of telomerase activity in dividing cells, telomeres eventually become critically short, inducing a permanent cell cycle arrest (senescence). We recently showed that even early after telomerase inactivation (ETI), yeast cells have accelerated mother cell aging and mildly perturbed cell cycles. Here, we show that the complete disruption of DNA damage response (DDR) adaptor proteins in ETI cells causes severe growth defects. This synthetic-lethality phenotype was as pronounced as that caused by extensive DNA damage in wild-type cells but showed genetic dependencies distinct from such damage and was completely alleviated by SML1 deletion, which increases deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools. Our results indicated that these deleterious effects in ETI cells cannot be accounted for solely by the slow erosion of telomeres due to incomplete replication that leads to senescence. We propose that normally occurring telomeric DNA replication stress is resolved by telomerase activity and the DDR in two parallel pathways and that deletion of Sml1 prevents this stress.
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75
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Wang Z, Lieberman PM. The crosstalk of telomere dysfunction and inflammation through cell-free TERRA containing exosomes. RNA Biol 2016; 13:690-5. [PMID: 27351774 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1203503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeric repeats-containing RNA (TERRA) are telomere-derived non-coding RNAs that contribute to telomere function in protecting chromosome ends. We recently identified a cell-free form of TERRA (cfTERRA) enriched in extracellular exosomes. These cfTERRA-containing exosomes stimulate inflammatory cytokines when incubated with immune responsive cells. Here, we report that cfTERRA levels were increased in exosomes during telomere dysfunction induced by the expression of the dominant negative TRF2. The exosomes from these damaged cells also enriched with DNA damage marker γH2AX and fragmented telomere repeat DNA. Purified cfTERRA stimulated inflammatory cytokines, but the intact membrane-associated nucleoprotein complexes produced a more robust cytokine activation. Therefore, we propose cfTERRA-containing exosomes transport a telomere-associated molecular pattern (TAMP) and telomere-specific alarmin from dysfunctional telomeres to the extracellular environment to elicit an inflammatory response. Since cfTERRA can be readily detected in human serum it may provide a useful biomarker for the detection of telomere dysfunction in the early stage of cancers and aging-associated inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- a The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b University of the Sciences in Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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76
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Zhang R, Zhao J, Xu J, Liu F. Association of peripheral leukocyte telomere length and its variation with pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population. Oncotarget 2016; 7:38579-85. [PMID: 27509261 PMCID: PMC5122412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence supporting the role of telomeres in cancer pathogenesis. However, limited studies have investigated the association between telomere length features and risk of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC), and little was conducted in Asians. To help clarify this issue, We measured relative peripheral leukocytes telomere length (LTL) and telomere length variation (TLV) in a prospective study of 900 pancreatic cancer cases, 300 CRC cases, and 900 controls. Both subjects with longer LTL (quartile 4: adjusted OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.14-1.99, P=0.004) and shorter LTL (quartile 1: adjusted OR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.89-5.14, P=8.50x10-6) showed increased risk of pancreatic cancer. A linear increased risk was detected For TLV (adjusted OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.14-2.24, P=0.006). We also identified significant interaction for relative LTL, TLV on pancreatic cancer risk (P interaction =0.009). Significant relationship between shorter RTL and increased CRC risk were also detected. This findings provide insights into telomere dynamics and highlight the complex relationship between relative LTL, TLV and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal surgery, Liaoning cancer hospital & institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Colorectal surgery, Liaoning cancer hospital & institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Colorectal surgery, Liaoning cancer hospital & institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Colorectal surgery, Liaoning cancer hospital & institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, P.R. China
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Ormseth MJ, Solus JF, Oeser AM, Bian A, Gebretsadik T, Shintani A, Raggi P, Stein CM. Telomere Length and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1469-74. [PMID: 27252422 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.151115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomeres protect against chromosomal end damage and shorten with each cell division; their length may be a marker of cardiovascular and overall biological aging. We examined the hypothesis that reduced telomere length is associated with increased coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in 145 patients with RA and 87 control subjects frequency-matched for age, race, and sex. Coronary artery calcium score was determined by noncontrast cardiac computed tomography. Telomere length was measured from whole blood DNA, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as telomeric product to a single-copy gene product ratio (T/S ratio). Associations between telomere length, coronary artery calcium score, and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) were assessed with Spearman correlation, proportional odds logistic regression, and linear regression, adjusting for age, race, and sex. RESULTS Telomere length was significantly inversely correlated with age in patients with RA (ρ = -0.37, p < 0.001) and control subjects (ρ = -0.39, p = 0.001). Among patients with RA, for every interquartile range (IQR) decrease in telomere length (T/S ratio), the odds of higher coronary artery calcium score increased by 38% (95% CI: 4-60) after adjusting for age, race, and sex (p adjusted = 0.03). Telomere length was not associated with DAS28 (p adjusted = 0.17). Telomere length was not significantly different in patients with RA [median (IQR): 1.02 units (0.9-1.11)] compared to control subjects [1.05 units (0.95-1.17); p = 0.10]. CONCLUSION Telomere length is inversely associated with coronary artery calcium score, independent of age, race, and sex in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Ormseth
- From the departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; the departments of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and the departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.M.J. Ormseth, MD, MSCI, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A.M. Oeser, BS, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Bian, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; T. Gebretsadik, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Shintani, PhD, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; P. Raggi, MD, departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta; C.M. Stein, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
| | - Joseph F Solus
- From the departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; the departments of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and the departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.M.J. Ormseth, MD, MSCI, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A.M. Oeser, BS, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Bian, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; T. Gebretsadik, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Shintani, PhD, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; P. Raggi, MD, departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta; C.M. Stein, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Annette M Oeser
- From the departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; the departments of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and the departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.M.J. Ormseth, MD, MSCI, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A.M. Oeser, BS, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Bian, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; T. Gebretsadik, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Shintani, PhD, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; P. Raggi, MD, departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta; C.M. Stein, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Aihua Bian
- From the departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; the departments of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and the departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.M.J. Ormseth, MD, MSCI, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A.M. Oeser, BS, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Bian, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; T. Gebretsadik, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Shintani, PhD, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; P. Raggi, MD, departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta; C.M. Stein, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- From the departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; the departments of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and the departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.M.J. Ormseth, MD, MSCI, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A.M. Oeser, BS, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Bian, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; T. Gebretsadik, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Shintani, PhD, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; P. Raggi, MD, departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta; C.M. Stein, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- From the departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; the departments of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and the departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.M.J. Ormseth, MD, MSCI, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A.M. Oeser, BS, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Bian, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; T. Gebretsadik, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Shintani, PhD, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; P. Raggi, MD, departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta; C.M. Stein, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Paolo Raggi
- From the departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; the departments of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and the departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.M.J. Ormseth, MD, MSCI, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A.M. Oeser, BS, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Bian, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; T. Gebretsadik, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Shintani, PhD, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; P. Raggi, MD, departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta; C.M. Stein, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - C Michael Stein
- From the departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; the departments of Medicine and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and the departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.M.J. Ormseth, MD, MSCI, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; J.F. Solus, PhD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A.M. Oeser, BS, MLAS, CCRP, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Bian, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; T. Gebretsadik, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; A. Shintani, PhD, MPH, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; P. Raggi, MD, departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Alberta; C.M. Stein, MD, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Aunan JR, Watson MM, Hagland HR, Søreide K. Molecular and biological hallmarks of ageing. Br J Surg 2016; 103:e29-46. [PMID: 26771470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is the inevitable time-dependent decline in physiological organ function that eventually leads to death. Age is a major risk factor for many of the most common medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. This study reviews currently known hallmarks of ageing and their clinical implications. METHODS A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted covering the last decade. RESULTS Average life expectancy has increased dramatically over the past century and is estimated to increase even further. Maximum longevity, however, appears unchanged, suggesting a universal limitation to the human organism. Understanding the underlying molecular processes of ageing and health decline may suggest interventions that, if used at an early age, can prevent, delay, alleviate or even reverse age-related diseases. Hallmarks of ageing can be grouped into three main categories. The primary hallmarks cause damage to cellular functions: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations and loss of proteostasis. These are followed by antagonistic responses to such damage: deregulated nutrient sensing, altered mitochondrial function and cellular senescence. Finally, integrative hallmarks are possible culprits of the clinical phenotype (stem cell exhaustion and altered intercellular communication), which ultimately contribute to the clinical effects of ageing as seen in physiological loss of reserve, organ decline and reduced function. CONCLUSION The sum of these molecular hallmarks produces the clinical picture of the elderly surgical patient: frailty, sarcopenia, anaemia, poor nutrition and a blunted immune response system. Improved understanding of the ageing processes may give rise to new biomarkers of risk or prognosis, novel treatment targets and translational approaches across disciplines that may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Aunan
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - M M Watson
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - H R Hagland
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Centre for Organelle Research (CORE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - K Søreide
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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79
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Wang J, Cheng X, Zhang X, Cheng J, Xu Y, Zeng J, Zhou W, Zhang Y. The anti-aging effects of LW-AFC via correcting immune dysfunctions in senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) strain. Oncotarget 2016; 7:26949-65. [PMID: 27105505 PMCID: PMC5053624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there were considerable advances in the anti-aging medical field, it is short of therapeutic drug for anti-aging. Mounting evidence indicates that the immunosenescence is the key physiopathological mechanism of aging. This study showed the treatment of LW-AFC, an herbal medicine, decreased the grading score of senescence, increased weight, prolonged average life span and ameliorated spatial memory impairment in 12- and 24-month-old senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) strain. And these anti-aging effects of LW-AFC were more excellent than melatonin. The administration of LW-AFC enhanced ConA- and LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation in aged SAMR1 mice. The treatment of LW-AFC not only reversed the decreased the proportions of helper T cells, suppressor T cells and B cells, the increased regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of old SAMR1 mice, but also could modulate the abnormal secretion of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, RANTES, eotaxin, MCP-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and G-CSF. These data indicated that LW-AFC reversed the immunosenescence status by restoring immunodeficiency and decreasing chronic inflammation and suggested LW-AFC may be an effective anti-aging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Cheng
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Zeng
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
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80
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Selivanova LS, Volganova KS, Abrosimov AY. [Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in the tumors of human endocrine organs: Biological and prognostic value]. Arkh Patol 2016; 78:62-69. [PMID: 27077147 DOI: 10.17116/patol201678162-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the data available in the literature has shown that telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT promoter may serve as promising markers of malignancy, aggressive disease course, and poor prognosis for malignant tumors of endocrine organs. Considering the established association of mutations with tumors having a poor prognosis (high-grade and anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid), it is reasonable to perform prognostic-value investigations in a group of low-grade thyroid carcinomas that may occasionally recur and may be resistant to radioactive iodine therapy, i.e. can demonstrate a poor course and prognosis. TERT promoter mutations may be a specific marker of the clinically aggressive forms of adrenocortical carcinoma, but the determination of its diagnostic value calls for additional investigations that will have the larger number cases and establish the association with clinical features and survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Selivanova
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Volganova
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Abrosimov
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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81
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Hisama FM, Oshima J, Martin GM. How Research on Human Progeroid and Antigeroid Syndromes Can Contribute to the Longevity Dividend Initiative. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a025882. [PMID: 26931459 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although translational applications derived from research on basic mechanisms of aging are likely to enhance health spans and life spans for most of us (the longevity dividend), there will remain subsets of individuals with special vulnerabilities. Medical genetics is a discipline that describes such "private" patterns of aging and can reveal underlying mechanisms, many of which support genomic instability as a major mechanism of aging. We review examples of three classes of informative disorders: "segmental progeroid syndromes" (those that appear to accelerate multiple features of aging), "unimodal progeroid syndromes" (those that impact on a single disorder of aging), and "unimodal antigeroid syndromes," variants that provide enhanced protection against specific disorders of aging; we urge our colleagues to expand our meager research efforts on the latter, including ancillary somatic cell genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 International Registry of Werner Syndrome, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 International Registry of Werner Syndrome, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 Department of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 International Registry of Werner Syndrome, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
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82
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Kour S, Rath PC. Long noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:1-21. [PMID: 26655093 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the universal, intrinsic, genetically-controlled, evolutionarily-conserved and time-dependent intricate biological process characterised by the cumulative decline in the physiological functions and their coordination in an organism after the attainment of adulthood resulting in the imbalance of neurological, immunological and metabolic functions of the body. Various biological processes and mechanisms along with altered levels of mRNAs and proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of aging. It is one of the major risk factors in the patho-physiology of various diseases and disorders. Recently, the discovery of pervasive transcription of a vast pool of heterogeneous regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including small ncRNAs (sncRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), in the mammalian genome have provided an alternative way to study and explore the missing links in the aging process, its mechanism(s) and related diseases in a whole new dimension. The involvement of small noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases have been extensively studied and recently reviewed. However, lncRNAs, whose function is far less explored in relation to aging, have emerged as a class of major regulators of genomic functions. Here, we have described some examples of known as well as novel lncRNAs that have been implicated in the progression of the aging process and age-related diseases. This may further stimulate research on noncoding RNAs and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhleen Kour
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod C Rath
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Yeap BB, Knuiman MW, Divitini ML, Hui J, Arscott GM, Handelsman DJ, McLennan SV, Twigg SM, McQuillan B, Hung J, Beilby JP. Epidemiological and Mendelian Randomization Studies of Dihydrotestosterone and Estradiol and Leukocyte Telomere Length in Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1299-306. [PMID: 26789780 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Advancing age is accompanied by an accumulation of ill health and shortening of chromosomal telomeres signifying biological aging. T is metabolized to DHT by 5α-reductase (SRD5A2) and to estradiol (E2) by aromatase (CYP19A1). Telomerase preserves telomeres, and T and E2 regulate telomerase expression and activity in vitro. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to establish whether circulating T or its metabolites, DHT or E2, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SRD5A2 or CYP19A1 associate with leucocyte telomere length (LTL) in men. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Early-morning serum T, DHT, and E2 were assayed using mass spectrometry, and SRD5A2 and CYP19A1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and LTL analyzed by PCR in 980 men from the Western Australian Busselton Health Survey who participated in the study. LTL was expressed as the T/S ratio. RESULTS Men were aged (mean ± SD) 53.7 ± 15.6 years. LTL decreased linearly with age, from the T/S ratio of 1.89 ± 0.41 at younger than 30 years to 1.50 ± 0.49 at 70 to younger than 80 years (r = -0.225, P < .0001). After adjustment for age, DHT and E2 were positively correlated with LTL (DHT, r = 0.069, P = .030; E2, r = 0.068, P = .034). The SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism was associated with serum DHT but not with LTL. Three dominant alleles of CYP19A1 were each associated with lower serum E2 and shorter LTL: rs2899470 T (E2, 59.3 vs 68.6 pmol/L, P < .0001; T/S ratio, 1.54 vs 1.62, P = .045), rs10046 C (60.5 vs 68.1 pmol/L, P = .0005, 1.54 vs 1.62, P = .035), and rs700518 A (59.9 vs 68.9 pmol/L, P < .0001, 1.54 vs 1.63, P = .020). A single-copy haplotype C/T/I/A/T rs10046/rs2899470/rs11575899/rs700518/rs17703883 (52% prevalence) was associated with both lower E2 and shorter LTL. CONCLUSIONS In men, serum DHT and E2 correlate with LTL independently of age. Aromatase gene polymorphisms include three dominant alleles that are associated with both lower serum E2 and shorter LTL. E2 influences telomere length in vivo, thus warranting further studies to examine whether hormonal interventions might slow biological aging in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew W Knuiman
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mark L Divitini
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gillian M Arscott
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Susan V McLennan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Brendan McQuillan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Joseph Hung
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y., B.M., J.Hun.), School of Population Health (M.W.K., M.L.D.), and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.P.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine (J.Hui., G.M.A., J.P.B.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.M., J.Hun.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), Sydney, New South Wales 2138, Australia; and Department Endocrinology (S.V.M., S.M.T.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Blackburn EH, Epel ES, Lin J. Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection. Science 2016; 350:1193-8. [PMID: 26785477 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 970] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are the protective end-complexes at the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomere attrition can lead to potentially maladaptive cellular changes, block cell division, and interfere with tissue replenishment. Recent advances in the understanding of human disease processes have clarified the roles of telomere biology, especially in diseases of human aging and in some aging-related processes. Greater overall telomere attrition predicts mortality and aging-related diseases in inherited telomere syndrome patients, and also in general human cohorts. However, genetically caused variations in telomere maintenance either raise or lower risks and progression of cancers, in a highly cancer type-specific fashion. Telomere maintenance is determined by genetic factors and is also cumulatively shaped by nongenetic influences throughout human life; both can interact. These and other recent findings highlight both causal and potentiating roles for telomere attrition in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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85
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Niederer RO, Papadopoulos N, Zappulla DC. Identification of novel noncoding transcripts in telomerase-negative yeast using RNA-seq. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19376. [PMID: 26786024 PMCID: PMC4726298 DOI: 10.1038/srep19376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that maintains the ends of linear chromosomes in most eukaryotes. Loss of telomerase activity results in shortening of telomeric DNA and eventually a specific G2/M cell-cycle arrest known as senescence. In humans, telomere shortening occurs during aging, while inappropriate activation of telomerase is associated with approximately 90% of cancers. Previous studies have identified several classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) also associated with aging-related senescence and cancer, but whether ncRNAs are also involved in short-telomere-induced senescence in yeast is unknown. Here, we report 112 putative novel lncRNAs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 41 of which are only expressed in telomerase-negative yeast. Expression of approximately half of the lncRNAs is strongly correlated with that of adjacent genes, suggesting this subset may influence transcription of neighboring genes. Our results reveal a new potential mechanism governing adaptive changes in senescing and post-senescent survivor yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O Niederer
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218 USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, The Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - David C Zappulla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218 USA
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86
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Dantzer B, Fletcher QE. Telomeres shorten more slowly in slow-aging wild animals than in fast-aging ones. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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87
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Boccardi V, Pelini L, Ercolani S, Ruggiero C, Mecocci P. From cellular senescence to Alzheimer's disease: The role of telomere shortening. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 22:1-8. [PMID: 25896211 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The old age population is increasing worldwide as well as age related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which negatively impacts on the health care systems. Aging represents per se a risk factor for AD. Thus, the study and identification of pathways within the biology of aging represent an important end point for the development of novel and effective disease-modifying drugs to treat, delay, or prevent AD. Cellular senescence and telomere shortening represent suitable and promising targets. Several studies show that cellular senescence is tightly interconnected to aging and AD, while the role of telomere dynamic and stability in AD pathogenesis is still unclear. This review will focus on the linking mechanisms between cellular senescence, telomere shortening, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boccardi
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luca Pelini
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Ercolani
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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