51
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Shin S, Solorzano J, Liauzun M, Pyronnet S, Bousquet C, Martineau Y. Translational alterations in pancreatic cancer: a central role for the integrated stress response. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac031. [PMID: 36325577 PMCID: PMC9615149 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA translation is a key mechanism for cancer cell proliferation and stress adaptation. Regulation of this machinery implicates upstream pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/MEK/ERK and the integrated stress response (ISR), principally coordinating the translation initiation step. During the last decade, dysregulation of the mRNA translation process in pancreatic cancer has been widely reported, and shown to critically impact on cancer initiation, development and survival. This includes translation dysregulation of mRNAs encoding oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Hence, cancer cells survive a stressful microenvironment through a flexible regulation of translation initiation for rapid adaptation. The ISR pathway has an important role in chemoresistance and shows high potential therapeutic interest. Despite the numerous translational alterations reported in pancreatic cancer, their consequences are greatly underestimated. In this review, we summarize the different translation dysregulations described in pancreatic cancer, which make it invulnerable, as well as the latest drug discoveries bringing a glimmer of hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauyeun Shin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Jacobo Solorzano
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Mehdi Liauzun
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
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52
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Brüggenthies JB, Fiore A, Russier M, Bitsina C, Brötzmann J, Kordes S, Menninger S, Wolf A, Conti E, Eickhoff JE, Murray PJ. A cell-based chemical-genetic screen for amino acid stress response inhibitors reveals torins reverse stress kinase GCN2 signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102629. [PMID: 36273589 PMCID: PMC9668732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 and GCN2 are serine/threonine kinases that control how cells adapt to amino acid availability. mTORC1 responds to amino acids to promote translation and cell growth while GCN2 senses limiting amino acids to hinder translation via eIF2α phosphorylation. GCN2 is an appealing target for cancer therapies because malignant cells can harness the GCN2 pathway to temper the rate of translation during rapid amino acid consumption. To isolate new GCN2 inhibitors, we created cell-based, amino acid limitation reporters via genetic manipulation of Ddit3 (encoding the transcription factor CHOP). CHOP is strongly induced by limiting amino acids and in this context, GCN2-dependent. Using leucine starvation as a model for essential amino acid sensing, we unexpectedly discovered ATP-competitive PI3 kinase-related kinase inhibitors, including ATR and mTOR inhibitors like torins, completely reversed GCN2 activation in a time-dependent way. Mechanistically, via inhibiting mTORC1-dependent translation, torins increased intracellular leucine, which was sufficient to reverse GCN2 activation and the downstream integrated stress response including stress-induced transcriptional factor ATF4 expression. Strikingly, we found that general translation inhibitors mirrored the effects of torins. Therefore, we propose that mTOR kinase inhibitors concurrently inhibit different branches of amino acid sensing by a dual mechanism involving direct inhibition of mTOR and indirect suppression of GCN2 that are connected by effects on the translation machinery. Collectively, our results highlight distinct ways of regulating GCN2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marion Russier
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Conti
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Peter J. Murray
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany,For correspondence: Peter J. Murray
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53
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Bielska AA, Harrigan CF, Kyung YJ, Morris Q, Palm W, Thompson CB. Activating mTOR Mutations Are Detrimental in Nutrient-Poor Conditions. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3263-3274. [PMID: 35857801 PMCID: PMC10094744 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR is a key regulator of cell growth that integrates growth factor signaling and nutrient availability and is a downstream effector of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and PI3K/Akt signaling. Thus, activating mTOR mutations would be expected to enhance growth in many tumor types. However, tumor sequencing data have shown that mTOR mutations are enriched only in renal clear cell carcinoma, a clinically hypervascular tumor unlikely to be constrained by nutrient availability. To further define this cancer-type-specific restriction, we studied activating mutations in mTOR. All mTOR mutants tested enhanced growth in a cell-type agnostic manner under nutrient-replete conditions but were detrimental to cell survival in nutrient-poor conditions. Consistently, analysis of tumor data demonstrated that oncogenic mutations in the nutrient-sensing arm of the mTOR pathway display a similar phenotype and were exceedingly rare in human cancers of all types. Together, these data suggest that maintaining the ability to turn off mTOR signaling in response to changing nutrient availability is retained in most naturally occurring tumors. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that cells need to inactivate mTOR to survive nutrient stress, which could explain the rarity of mTOR mutations and the limited clinical activity of mTOR inhibitors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata A. Bielska
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Caitlin F. Harrigan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yeon Ju Kyung
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Quaid Morris
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Craig B. Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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54
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Pechincha C, Groessl S, Kalis R, de Almeida M, Zanotti A, Wittmann M, Schneider M, de Campos RP, Rieser S, Brandstetter M, Schleiffer A, Müller-Decker K, Helm D, Jabs S, Haselbach D, Lemberg MK, Zuber J, Palm W. Lysosomal enzyme trafficking factor LYSET enables nutritional usage of extracellular proteins. Science 2022; 378:eabn5637. [PMID: 36074822 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells can generate amino acids through macropinocytosis and lysosomal breakdown of extracellular proteins, which is exploited by cancer cells to grow in nutrient-poor tumors. Here, through genetic screens in defined nutrient conditions we characterized LYSET, a transmembrane protein (TMEM251) selectively required when cells consume extracellular proteins. LYSET was found to associate in the Golgi with GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, which targets catabolic enzymes to lysosomes through mannose-6-phosphate modification. Without LYSET, GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase was unstable owing to a hydrophilic transmembrane domain. Consequently, LYSET-deficient cells were depleted of lysosomal enzymes and impaired in turnover of macropinocytic and autophagic cargoes. Thus, LYSET represents a core component of the lysosomal enzyme trafficking pathway, underlies the pathomechanism for hereditary lysosomal storage disorders, and may represent a target to suppress metabolic adaptations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pechincha
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Groessl
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Kalis
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie de Almeida
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Zanotti
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marten Wittmann
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- MS-based Protein Analysis Unit, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rafael P de Campos
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Rieser
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Brandstetter
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Müller-Decker
- Core Facility Tumor Models, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- MS-based Protein Analysis Unit, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Jabs
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Haselbach
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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55
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Novel Regulators of Macropinocytosis-Dependent Growth Revealed by Informer Set Library Screening in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090831. [PMID: 36144235 PMCID: PMC9502772 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize multiple nutrient scavenging mechanisms to support growth and survival in nutrient-poor, hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Among these mechanisms, macropinocytosis has emerged as an important pathway of extracellular nutrient acquisition in cancer cells, particularly in tumors with activated RAS signaling, such as pancreatic cancer. However, the absence of a clinically available inhibitor, as well as the gap of knowledge in macropinocytosis regulation, remain a hurdle for its use for cancer therapy. Here, we use the Informer set library to identify novel regulators of macropinocytosis-dependent growth in pancreatic cancer cells. Understanding how these regulators function will allow us to provide novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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56
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Direct control of lysosomal catabolic activity by mTORC1 through regulation of V-ATPase assembly. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4848. [PMID: 35977928 PMCID: PMC9385660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells can acquire exogenous amino acids through endocytosis and lysosomal catabolism of extracellular proteins. In amino acid-replete environments, nutritional utilization of extracellular proteins is suppressed by the amino acid sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) through an unknown process. Here, we show that mTORC1 blocks lysosomal degradation of extracellular proteins by suppressing V-ATPase-mediated acidification of lysosomes. When mTORC1 is active, peripheral V-ATPase V1 domains reside in the cytosol where they are stabilized by association with the chaperonin TRiC. Consequently, most lysosomes display low catabolic activity. When mTORC1 activity declines, V-ATPase V1 domains move to membrane-integral V-ATPase Vo domains at lysosomes to assemble active proton pumps. The resulting drop in luminal pH increases protease activity and degradation of protein contents throughout the lysosomal population. These results uncover a principle by which cells rapidly respond to changes in their nutrient environment by mobilizing the latent catabolic capacity of lysosomes. mTORC1 blocks lysosomal nutrient generation. Here, the authors show that mTORC1 inactivation triggers V-ATPase assembly, which rapidly initiates lysosomal acidification and degradation of protein contents throughout the lysosomal population.
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57
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Qiu Z, Liu W, Zhu Q, Ke K, Zhu Q, Jin W, Yu S, Yang Z, Li L, Sun X, Ren S, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Zeng J, Huang X, Huang Y, Wei L, Ma M, Lu J, Chen X, Mou Y, Xie T, Sui X. The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Macropinocytosis in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919819. [PMID: 36046825 PMCID: PMC9421435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis, a unique endocytosis pathway characterized by nonspecific internalization, has a vital role in the uptake of extracellular substances and antigen presentation. It is known to have dual effects on cancer cells, depending on cancer type and certain microenvironmental conditions. It helps cancer cells survive in nutrient-deficient environments, enhances resistance to anticancer drugs, and promotes invasion and metastasis. Conversely, overexpression of the RAS gene alongside drug treatment can lead to methuosis, a novel mode of cell death. The survival and proliferation of cancer cells is closely related to macropinocytosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but identifying how these cells interface with the TME is crucial for creating drugs that can limit cancer progression and metastasis. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on designing anticancer therapies that utilize the effects of macropinocytosis. Both the induction and inhibition of macropinocytosis are useful strategies for combating cancer cells. This article systematically reviews the general mechanisms of macropinocytosis, its specific functions in tumor cells, its occurrence in nontumor cells in the TME, and its application in tumor therapies. The aim is to elucidate the role and therapeutic potential of macropinocytosis in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejing Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianru Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qicong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Mou, ; Tian Xie, ; Xinbing Sui,
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Mou, ; Tian Xie, ; Xinbing Sui,
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology and School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Mou, ; Tian Xie, ; Xinbing Sui,
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58
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Inhibition of ASGR1 decreases lipid levels by promoting cholesterol excretion. Nature 2022; 608:413-420. [PMID: 35922515 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease1. Currently, no drug lowers cholesterol through directly promoting cholesterol excretion. Human genetic studies have identified that the loss-of-function Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) variants associate with low cholesterol and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease2. ASGR1 is exclusively expressed in liver and mediates internalization and lysosomal degradation of blood asialoglycoproteins3. The mechanism by which ASGR1 affects cholesterol metabolism is unknown. Here, we find that Asgr1 deficiency decreases lipid levels in serum and liver by stabilizing LXRα. LXRα upregulates ABCA1 and ABCG5/G8, which promotes cholesterol transport to high-density lipoprotein and excretion to bile and faeces4, respectively. ASGR1 deficiency blocks endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins, reduces amino-acid levels in lysosomes, and thereby inhibits mTORC1 and activates AMPK. On one hand, AMPK increases LXRα by decreasing its ubiquitin ligases BRCA1/BARD1. On the other hand, AMPK suppresses SREBP1 that controls lipogenesis. Anti-ASGR1 neutralizing antibody lowers lipid levels by increasing cholesterol excretion, and shows synergistic beneficial effects with atorvastatin or ezetimibe, two widely used hypocholesterolaemic drugs. In summary, this study demonstrates that targeting ASGR1 upregulates LXRα, ABCA1 and ABCG5/G8, inhibits SREBP1 and lipogenesis, and therefore promotes cholesterol excretion and decreases lipid levels.
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59
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Chi R, Yao C, Chen S, Liu Y, He Y, Zhang J, Ellies LG, Wu X, Zhao Q, Zhou C, Wang Y, Sun H. Elevated BCAA Suppresses the Development and Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887257. [PMID: 35785192 PMCID: PMC9243538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are the three essential amino acids including leucine, isoleucine, and valine. BCAA metabolism has been linked with the development of a variety of tumors. However, the impact of dietary BCAA intake on breast tumor progression and metastasis remains to be fully explored. Here, we unexpectedly find that the elevated BCAA, either in the genetic model or via increasing dietary intake in mice, suppresses the tumor growth and lung metastasis of breast cancer. The survival analysis shows that BCAA catabolic gene expression is strongly associated with long-term oncological outcomes in patients with breast cancer. In Pp2cm knockout mice in which BCAAs accumulate due to the genetic defect of BCAA catabolism, the breast tumor growth is suppressed. Interestingly, while the cell proliferation and tumor vasculature remain unaffected, more cell death occurs in the tumor in Pp2cm knockout mice, accompanied with increased natural killer (NK) cells. Importantly, increasing BCAA dietary intake suppresses breast tumor growth in mice. On the other hand, there are fewer lung metastases from primary breast tumor in Pp2cm knockout mice and the high BCAA diet-fed mice, suggesting high BCAA also suppresses the lung metastasis of breast cancer. Furthermore, low BCAA diet promotes lung colonization of breast cancer cells in tail vein model. The migration and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells are impaired by high concentration of BCAA in culture medium. The suppressed tumor metastasis and cell migration/invasion abilities by elevated BCAA are accompanied with reduced N-cadherin expression. Together, these data show high BCAA suppresses both tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer, demonstrating the potential benefits of increasing BCAA dietary intake in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cixiang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Cixiang Zhou, ; Ying Wang, ; Haipeng Sun,
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Cixiang Zhou, ; Ying Wang, ; Haipeng Sun,
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Cixiang Zhou, ; Ying Wang, ; Haipeng Sun,
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Garcia-Bermudez J, Badgley MA, Prasad S, Baudrier L, Liu Y, La K, Soula M, Williams RT, Yamaguchi N, Hwang RF, Taylor LJ, de Stanchina E, Rostandy B, Alwaseem H, Molina H, Bar-Sagi D, Birsoy K. Adaptive stimulation of macropinocytosis overcomes aspartate limitation in cancer cells under hypoxia. Nat Metab 2022; 4:724-738. [PMID: 35726024 PMCID: PMC9678334 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stress-adaptive mechanisms enable tumour cells to overcome metabolic constraints under nutrient and oxygen shortage. Aspartate is an endogenous metabolic limitation under hypoxic conditions, but the nature of the adaptive mechanisms that contribute to aspartate availability and hypoxic tumour growth are poorly understood. Here we identify GOT2-catalysed mitochondrial aspartate synthesis as an essential metabolic dependency for the proliferation of pancreatic tumour cells under hypoxic culture conditions. In contrast, GOT2-catalysed aspartate synthesis is dispensable for pancreatic tumour formation in vivo. The dependence of pancreatic tumour cells on aspartate synthesis is bypassed in part by a hypoxia-induced potentiation of extracellular protein scavenging via macropinocytosis. This effect is mutant KRAS dependent, and is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1A) and its canonical target carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9). Our findings reveal high plasticity of aspartate metabolism and define an adaptive regulatory role for macropinocytosis by which mutant KRAS tumours can overcome nutrient deprivation under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Bermudez
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Badgley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheela Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lou Baudrier
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konnor La
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariluz Soula
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert T Williams
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Norihiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura J Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bety Rostandy
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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61
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Meng D, Yang Q, Jeong MH, Curukovic A, Tiwary S, Melick CH, Lama-Sherpa TD, Wang H, Huerta-Rosario M, Urquhart G, Zacharias LG, Lewis C, DeBerardinis RJ, Jewell JL. SNAT7 regulates mTORC1 via macropinocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123261119. [PMID: 35561222 PMCID: PMC9171778 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123261119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses amino acids to control cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. Some amino acids signal to mTORC1 through the Rag GTPase, whereas glutamine and asparagine activate mTORC1 through a Rag GTPase-independent pathway. Here, we show that the lysosomal glutamine and asparagine transporter SNAT7 activates mTORC1 after extracellular protein, such as albumin, is macropinocytosed. The N terminus of SNAT7 forms nutrient-sensitive interaction with mTORC1 and regulates mTORC1 activation independently of the Rag GTPases. Depletion of SNAT7 inhibits albumin-induced mTORC1 lysosomal localization and subsequent activation. Moreover, SNAT7 is essential to sustain KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer cell growth through mTORC1. Thus, SNAT7 links glutamine and asparagine signaling from extracellular protein to mTORC1 independently of the Rag GTPases and is required for macropinocytosis-mediated mTORC1 activation and pancreatic cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Meng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Qianmei Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Adna Curukovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Shweta Tiwary
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Chase H. Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Tshering D. Lama-Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Mariela Huerta-Rosario
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Greg Urquhart
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lauren G. Zacharias
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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62
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Sela Y, Li J, Maheswaran S, Norgard R, Yuan S, Hubbi M, Doepner M, Xu JP, Ho E, Measaros C, Sheehan C, Croley G, Muir A, Blair IA, Shalem O, Dang CV, Stanger BZ. Bcl-xL Enforces a Slow-Cycling State Necessary for Survival in the Nutrient-Deprived Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1890-1908. [PMID: 35315913 PMCID: PMC9117449 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors possess heterogeneous metabolic microenvironments where oxygen and nutrient availability are plentiful (fertile regions) or scarce (arid regions). While cancer cells residing in fertile regions proliferate rapidly, most cancer cells in vivo reside in arid regions and exhibit a slow-cycling state that renders them chemoresistant. Here, we developed an in vitro system enabling systematic comparison between these populations via transcriptome analysis, metabolomic profiling, and whole-genome CRISPR screening. Metabolic deprivation led to pronounced transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in decreased anabolic activities and distinct vulnerabilities. Reductions in anabolic, energy-consuming activities, particularly cell proliferation, were not simply byproducts of the metabolic challenge, but rather essential adaptations. Mechanistically, Bcl-xL played a central role in the adaptation to nutrient and oxygen deprivation. In this setting, Bcl-xL protected quiescent cells from the lethal effects of cell-cycle entry in the absence of adequate nutrients. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-xL combined with traditional chemotherapy had a synergistic antitumor effect that targeted cycling cells. Bcl-xL expression was strongly associated with poor patient survival despite being confined to the slow-cycling fraction of human pancreatic cancer cells. These findings provide a rationale for combining traditional cancer therapies that target rapidly cycling cells with those that target quiescent, chemoresistant cells associated with nutrient and oxygen deprivation. SIGNIFICANCE The majority of pancreatic cancer cells inhabit nutrient- and oxygen-poor tumor regions and require Bcl-xL for their survival, providing a compelling antitumor metabolic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogev Sela
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Shivahamy Maheswaran
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Robert Norgard
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Maimon Hubbi
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Miriam Doepner
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jimmy P. Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Elaine Ho
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Measaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Colin Sheehan
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Grace Croley
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Systems and Computational Biology Center and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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63
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Wu Y, Niu D, Deng S, Lei X, Xie Z, Yang X. Tumor-derived or non-tumor-derived exosomal noncodingRNAs and signaling pathways in tumor microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved endocytic pathway that mediates the nonselective acquisition of extracellular material via large endocytic vesicles known as macropinosomes. In addition to other functions, this uptake pathway supports cancer cell metabolism through the uptake of nutrients. Cells harboring oncogene or tumor suppressor mutations are known to display heightened macropinocytosis, which confers to the cancer cells the ability to survive and proliferate despite the nutrient-scarce conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, macropinocytosis is associated with cancer malignancy. Macropinocytic uptake can be induced in cancer cells by different stress stimuli, acting as an adaptive mechanism for the cells to resist stresses in the tumor milieu. Here, we review the cellular stresses that are known to promote macropinocytosis, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Lambies
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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65
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Seguin L. KRAS Addiction Promotes Cancer Cell Adaptation in Harsh Microenvironment Through Macropinocytosis. Subcell Biochem 2022; 98:189-204. [PMID: 35378709 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94004-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer and despite intensive studies, attempts to develop effective therapies targeting KRAS or its downstream signaling have failed mostly due to the complexity of KRAS activation and function in cancer initiation and progression. Over the years, KRAS has been involved in several biological processes including cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism by promoting not only a favorable tumor environment but also a cell-microenvironment dialog to allow cancer cells to adapt to tumor microenvironment scarcity. One of the mechanisms involved in this adaption is KRAS-mediated macropinocytosis. Macropinocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved, large-scale, and nonselective form of endocytosis involving actin-driven cell membrane remodeling to engulf large amounts of extracellular fluids and proteins from the local environment. While macropinocytosis process has been known for decades, recent gain interest due to its regulation of KRAS-driven tumor growth in adverse microenvironments. By promoting extracellular protein and other macromolecules internalization, macropinocytosis provides a survival mechanism under nutrient scarce conditions and the potential for unrestricted tumor growth. Thus, a better understanding of macropinocytotic process is needed to develop alternative therapeutic strategies.
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66
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved endocytic pathway that mediates non-selective uptake of extracellular fluid in bulk. Macropinocytosis is initiated by localized polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton, which generates plasma membrane protrusions that enclose part of the environment into large endocytic vesicles. From amoebae to mammalian cells, the actin dynamics that drive macropinosome formation are regulated by a conserved set of intracellular signaling proteins including Ras superfamily GTPases and PI3-kinases. In mammalian cells, multiple upstream signaling pathways control activity of these core regulators in response to cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic stimuli. Growth factor signaling pathways play a central role in macropinocytosis induction. In addition, an increasing number of functionally diverse processes has been identified as macropinocytosis regulators, including several nutrient-sensing and developmental signaling pathways. Many of these signaling pathways have proto-oncogenic properties, and their dysregulation drives the high macropinocytic activity that is commonly observed in cancer cells. These regulatory principles illustrate how macropinocytosis is controlled by complex upstream inputs to exert diverse cellular functions in physiological and pathological contexts.
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67
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Liu N, Zhu L, Sun H, Zhou Z, Dong J, Sun M. Crosslinked Protein Delivery Strategy with Precise Activity Regulation Properties for Cancer Therapy and Gene Editing. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102329. [PMID: 35032155 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein drugs hold tremendous promise for therapeutic applications due to their direct and superior pharmacological effects. However, protein drugs can be degraded in blood stream and unable to cross many physical barriers to exert therapeutic effect. Degradable synthetic crosslinking is a versatile strategy to enhance the stability of the nanoparticle in a complex physiological medium and is helpful to get through physical barriers. Herein, crosslinked polypeptide (PABP) composed of poly-amino acids including cystine, tyrosine, lysine, ketal bridge, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is modularly explored and synthesized for protein delivery. Notably, plasma membrane V-ATPase is the particular pathway which induces the macropinocytosis of the inner peptide analogous core (PAB/protein) after the outer PEG shell disassociation at tumor intercellular sites. In addition, PABP/protein achieves proteins' activity shielding in systemic circulation and recovery in tumor cytoplasm precisely. In application, PABP/RNase-A shows satisfying tumor accumulation and antineoplastic efficacy. More importantly, PABP/Cas9 + small guide RNA displays obvious gene editing efficiency. The crosslinked protein delivery strategy not only makes the accurate protein transport and activity regulation possible but also is promising in paving the way for clinical translation of protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lianghan Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Honghao Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zhanwei Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jingwen Dong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Minjie Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
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68
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Zhang Y, Tu H, Hao Y, Li D, Yang Y, Yuan Y, Guo Z, Li L, Wang H, Cai H. Oligopeptide transporter Slc15A modulates macropinocytosis in Dictyostelium by maintaining intracellular nutrient status. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274929. [PMID: 35267018 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis mediates non-selective bulk uptake of extracellular fluid. It is the major route by which axenic Dictyostelium cells obtain nutrients and has emerged as a nutrient-scavenging pathway for mammalian cells. How environmental and cellular nutrient status modulates macropinocytic activity is not well understood. By developing a high-content imaging-based genetic screen in Dictyostelium, we identified Slc15A, an oligopeptide transporter localized at the plasma membrane and early macropinosome, as a novel macropinocytosis regulator. We show that deletion of slc15A, but not two other related slc15 genes, leads to reduced macropinocytosis, slower cell growth, and aberrantly increased autophagy in cells grown in nutrient-rich medium. Expression of Slc15A or supplying cells with free amino acids rescues these defects. In contrast, expression of transport-defective Slc15A or supplying cells with amino acids in their di-peptide forms fails to rescue these defects. Therefore, Slc15A modulates the level of macropinocytosis by maintaining the intracellular availability of key amino acids via oligopeptide extraction from the early macropinocytic pathway. We propose that Slc15A constitutes part of a positive feedback mechanism coupling cellular nutrient status and macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Tu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yazhou Hao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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69
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Pavlova NN, Zhu J, Thompson CB. The hallmarks of cancer metabolism: Still emerging. Cell Metab 2022; 34:355-377. [PMID: 35123658 PMCID: PMC8891094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 227.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of cancer cells is geared toward biomass production and proliferation. Since the metabolic resources within the local tissue are finite, this can lead to nutrient depletion and accumulation of metabolic waste. To maintain growth in these conditions, cancer cells employ a variety of metabolic adaptations, the nature of which is collectively determined by the physiology of their cell of origin, the identity of transforming lesions, and the tissue in which cancer cells reside. Furthermore, select metabolites not only serve as substrates for energy and biomass generation, but can also regulate gene and protein expression and influence the behavior of non-transformed cells in the tumor vicinity. As they grow and metastasize, tumors can also affect and be affected by the nutrient distribution within the body. In this hallmark update, recent advances are incorporated into a conceptual framework that may help guide further research efforts in exploring cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N Pavlova
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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70
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Kusama K, Bai R, Matsuno Y, Ideta A, Sakurai T, Nagaoka K, Hori M, Imakawa K. Characterization of Serum Metabolome and Proteome Profiles Identifies SNX5 Specific for Pregnancy Failure in Holstein Heifers. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020309. [PMID: 35207596 PMCID: PMC8877674 DOI: 10.3390/life12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy loss predominantly occurs during the first 3–4 weeks due to fertilization failure or early embryonic losses in cattle. Insufficient biochemical communication between conceptus (embryo plus extraembryonic membranes) and endometrium has been suspected as the primary cause for early embryonic losses. If molecules regulating this communication were identified, molecular mechanisms associated with early pregnancy losses could be better understood. To identify candidate molecules as detection markers of non-pregnant or females undergoing embryonic loss, peripheral blood from embryo-transferred heifers on day 7 (day 0 = day of estrus) were collected on days 17 (pre-attachment), 20 (during attachment), and 22 (post-attachment), which were subjected to metabolome and global proteome iTRAQ analyses. The metabolome analysis partly divided serum components into pregnant or not. In the iTRAQ analysis, heatmap analysis with top 25 proteins was separated into pregnant or not on day 20 or 22. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis identified five candidate proteins detecting non-pregnant heifers, of which SNX5 in day 22 serum had the highest area under the curve (AUC): 0.983. We also detected SNX5 in day 22 serum from non-pregnant heifers using western blotting. These results suggest that high SNX5 in day 22 serum could predict early pregnancy loss in heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Rulan Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yuta Matsuno
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Ideta
- Zen-Noh Embryo Transfer Center, Fukuoka 810-0001, Japan;
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan;
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-96-386-2652
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Hypoxia-induced macropinocytosis represents a metabolic route for liver cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:954. [PMID: 35177645 PMCID: PMC8854584 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invariably exhibits inadequate O2 (hypoxia) and nutrient supply. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates cascades of molecular events that enable cancer cells to adapt and propagate. Macropinocytosis is an endocytic process initiated by membrane ruffling, causing the engulfment of extracellular fluids (proteins), protein digestion and subsequent incorporation into the biomass. We show that macropinocytosis occurs universally in HCC under hypoxia. HIF-1 activates the transcription of a membrane ruffling protein, EH domain-containing protein 2 (EHD2), to initiate macropinocytosis. Knockout of HIF-1 or EHD2 represses hypoxia-induced macropinocytosis and prevents hypoxic HCC cells from scavenging protein that support cell growth. Germline or somatic deletion of Ehd2 suppresses macropinocytosis and HCC development in mice. Intriguingly, EHD2 is overexpressed in HCC. Consistently, HIF-1 or macropinocytosis inhibitor suppresses macropinocytosis and HCC development. Thus, we show that hypoxia induces macropinocytosis through the HIF/EHD2 pathway in HCC cells, harnessing extracellular protein as a nutrient to survive. Cancer cells rely on macropinocytosis to scavenge extracellular proteins for growth. Here the authors show that macropinocytosis supports the survival of hypoxic hepatocellular carcinoma cells and this is dependent on HIF-1, which in turns activates the transcription of a membrane ruffling protein, EH domain-containing protein 2.
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72
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Mendel ZI, Reynolds MB, Abuaita BH, O'Riordan MX, Swanson JA. Amino acids suppress macropinocytosis and promote release of CSF1 receptor in macrophages. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259284. [PMID: 35107133 PMCID: PMC8919328 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The internalization of solutes by macropinocytosis provides an essential route for nutrient uptake in many cells. Macrophages increase macropinocytosis in response to growth factors and other stimuli. To test the hypothesis that nutrient environments modulate solute uptake by macropinocytosis, this study analyzed the effects of extracellular amino acids on the accumulation of fluorescent fluid-phase probes in murine macrophages. Nine amino acids, added individually or together, were capable of suppressing macropinocytosis in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with the growth factors colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) or interleukin 34, both ligands of the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R). The suppressive amino acids did not inhibit macropinocytosis in response to lipopolysaccharide, the chemokine CXCL12, or the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate. Suppressive amino acids promoted release of CSF1R from cells and resulted in the formation of smaller macropinosomes in response to CSF1. This suppression of growth factor-stimulated macropinocytosis indicates that different nutrient environments modulate CSF1R levels and bulk ingestion by macropinocytosis, with likely consequences for macrophage growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary I. Mendel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
| | - Mack B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
| | - Basel H. Abuaita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
| | - Mary X. O'Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
| | - Joel A. Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
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73
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Johnson BE, Creason AL, Stommel JM, Keck JM, Parmar S, Betts CB, Blucher A, Boniface C, Bucher E, Burlingame E, Camp T, Chin K, Eng J, Estabrook J, Feiler HS, Heskett MB, Hu Z, Kolodzie A, Kong BL, Labrie M, Lee J, Leyshock P, Mitri S, Patterson J, Riesterer JL, Sivagnanam S, Somers J, Sudar D, Thibault G, Weeder BR, Zheng C, Nan X, Thompson RF, Heiser LM, Spellman PT, Thomas G, Demir E, Chang YH, Coussens LM, Guimaraes AR, Corless C, Goecks J, Bergan R, Mitri Z, Mills GB, Gray JW. An omic and multidimensional spatial atlas from serial biopsies of an evolving metastatic breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100525. [PMID: 35243422 PMCID: PMC8861971 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and vulnerability evolve in metastatic cancers as tumor cells and extrinsic microenvironmental influences change during treatment. To support the development of methods for identifying these mechanisms in individual people, here we present an omic and multidimensional spatial (OMS) atlas generated from four serial biopsies of an individual with metastatic breast cancer during 3.5 years of therapy. This resource links detailed, longitudinal clinical metadata that includes treatment times and doses, anatomic imaging, and blood-based response measurements to clinical and exploratory analyses, which includes comprehensive DNA, RNA, and protein profiles; images of multiplexed immunostaining; and 2- and 3-dimensional scanning electron micrographs. These data report aspects of heterogeneity and evolution of the cancer genome, signaling pathways, immune microenvironment, cellular composition and organization, and ultrastructure. We present illustrative examples of how integrative analyses of these data reveal potential mechanisms of response and resistance and suggest novel therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett E. Johnson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Allison L. Creason
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jayne M. Stommel
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jamie M. Keck
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Swapnil Parmar
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aurora Blucher
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher Boniface
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elmar Bucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Erik Burlingame
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Todd Camp
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Koei Chin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer Eng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph Estabrook
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Heidi S. Feiler
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael B. Heskett
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhi Hu
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Annette Kolodzie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ben L. Kong
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jinho Lee
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Patrick Leyshock
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Souraya Mitri
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Janice Patterson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jessica L. Riesterer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Multiscale Microscopy Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Julia Somers
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Damir Sudar
- Quantitative Imaging Systems LLC, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Weeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christina Zheng
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Reid F. Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paul T. Spellman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - George Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Emek Demir
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander R. Guimaraes
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher Corless
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zahi Mitri
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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74
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Park K, Lee MS. Current Status of Autophagy Enhancers in Metabolic Disorders and Other Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:811701. [PMID: 35237600 PMCID: PMC8882819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.811701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is pivotal in the maintenance of organelle function and intracellular nutrient balance. Besides the role of autophagy in the homeostasis and physiology of the individual tissues and whole organism in vivo, dysregulated autophagy has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory or immunological disorders, cancer and aging. Search for autophagy modulators has been widely conducted to amend dysregulation of autophagy or pharmacologically modulate autophagy in those diseases. Current data support the view that autophagy modulation could be a new modality for treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid overload, human-type diabetes characterized by deposition of islet amyloid or other diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, infection and cardiovascular diseases. While clinically available bona fide autophagy modulators have not been developed yet, it is expected that on-going investigation will lead to the development of authentic autophagy modulators that can be safely administered to patients in the near future and will open a new horizon for treatment of incurable or difficult diseases.
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Abstract
Cells can respond to starvation by up-regulating stress responses that promote the recycling or scavenging of essential nutrients. We identify a starvation response that allows cells to store the essential amino acid leucine within lysosomes when extracellular amino acids are scarce. This “storage” response allows cells to sequester an essential amino acid in support of protein synthesis. We find that numerous essential amino acids are trafficked through lysosomes even when extracellular concentrations are high, suggesting that constitutive flux through lysosomes is related to starvation-induced storage. Cells acquire essential nutrients from the environment and utilize adaptive mechanisms to survive when nutrients are scarce. How nutrients are trafficked and compartmentalized within cells and whether they are stored in response to stress remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate amino acid trafficking and uncover evidence for the lysosomal transit of numerous essential amino acids. We find that starvation induces the lysosomal retention of leucine in a manner requiring RAG-GTPases and the lysosomal protein complex Ragulator, but that this process occurs independently of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activity. We further find that stored leucine is utilized in protein synthesis and that inhibition of protein synthesis releases lysosomal stores. These findings identify a regulated starvation response that involves the lysosomal storage of leucine.
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76
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Yuan Y, Li H, Pu W, Chen L, Guo D, Jiang H, He B, Qin S, Wang K, Li N, Feng J, Wen J, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Yang W, Ye D, Lu Z, Huang C, Mei J, Zhang HF, Gao P, Jiang P, Su S, Sun B, Zhao SM. Cancer metabolism and tumor microenvironment: fostering each other? SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:236-279. [PMID: 34846643 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The changes associated with malignancy are not only in cancer cells but also in environment in which cancer cells live. Metabolic reprogramming supports tumor cell high demand of biogenesis for their rapid proliferation, and helps tumor cell to survive under certain genetic or environmental stresses. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alteration is ultimately and tightly associated with genetic changes, in particular the dysregulation of key oncogenic and tumor suppressive signaling pathways. Cancer cells activate HIF signaling even in the presence of oxygen and in the absence of growth factor stimulation. This cancer metabolic phenotype, described firstly by German physiologist Otto Warburg, insures enhanced glycolytic metabolism for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. The conception of metabolite signaling, i.e., metabolites are regulators of cell signaling, provides novel insights into how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other metabolites deregulation may regulate redox homeostasis, epigenetics, and proliferation of cancer cells. Moreover, the unveiling of noncanonical functions of metabolic enzymes, such as the moonlighting functions of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), reassures the importance of metabolism in cancer development. The metabolic, microRNAs, and ncRNAs alterations in cancer cells can be sorted and delivered either to intercellular matrix or to cancer adjacent cells to shape cancer microenvironment via media such as exosome. Among them, cancer microenvironmental cells are immune cells which exert profound effects on cancer cells. Understanding of all these processes is a prerequisite for the development of a more effective strategy to contain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yuan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wang Pu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Bo He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jun Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hua-Feng Zhang
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Sharma S, Agnihotri N, Kumar S. Targeting fuel pocket of cancer cell metabolism: A focus on glutaminolysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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78
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Means N, Elechalawar CK, Chen WR, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Revealing macropinocytosis using nanoparticles. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 83:100993. [PMID: 34281720 PMCID: PMC8761201 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis mechanisms are one of the methods that cells use to interact with their environments. Endocytosis mechanisms vary from the clathrin-mediated endocytosis to the receptor independent macropinocytosis. Macropinocytosis is a niche of endocytosis that is quickly becoming more relevant in various fields of research since its discovery in the 1930s. Macropinocytosis has several distinguishing factors from other receptor-mediated forms of endocytosis, including: types of extracellular material for uptake, signaling cascade, and niche uses between cell types. Nanoparticles (NPs) are an important tool for various applications, including drug delivery and disease treatment. However, surface engineering of NPs could be tailored to target them inside the cells exploiting different endocytosis pathways, such as endocytosis versus macropinocytosis. Such surface engineering of NPs mainly, size, charge, shape and the core material will allow identification of new adapter molecules regulating different endocytosis process and provide further insight into how cells tweak these pathways to meet their physiological need. In this review, we focus on the description of macropinocytosis, a lesser studied endocytosis mechanism than the conventional receptor mediated endocytosis. Additionally, we will discuss nanoparticle endocytosis (including macropinocytosis), and how the physio-chemical properties of the NP (size, charge, and surface coating) affect their intracellular uptake and exploiting them as tools to identify new adapter molecules regulating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Means
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Wei R Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, Gallogly College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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79
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Zhang YF, Li Q, Huang PQ, Su T, Jiang SH, Hu LP, Zhang XL, Sun Y, Pan H, Yang XM, Li J, Gai YZ, Zhu L, Yao LL, Li DX, Sun YW, Zhang ZG, Liu DJ, Zhang YL, Nie HZ. A low amino acid environment promotes cell macropinocytosis through the YY1-FGD6 axis in Ras-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:1203-1215. [PMID: 35082383 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), cancer with a high mortality rate and the highest rate of KRAS mutation, reportedly internalizes proteins via macropinocytosis to adapt to low amino acid levels in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we aimed to identify a key regulator of macropinocytosis for the survival of tumor cells in a low amino acid environment in PDAC. FYVE, RhoGEF, and PH domain-containing protein 6 (FGD6) were identified as key regulators of macropinocytosis. FGD6 promoted PDAC cell proliferation, macropinocytosis, and tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. The macropinocytosis level was decreased with FGD6 knockdown in PDAC cell lines. Moreover, FGD6 promoted macropinocytosis by participating in the trans-Golgi network and enhancing the membrane localization of growth factor receptors, especially the TGF-beta receptor. TGF-beta enhanced macropinocytosis in PDAC cells. Additionally, YAP nuclear translocation induced by a low amino acid tumor environment initiated FGD6 expression by coactivation with YY1. Clinical data analysis based on TCGA and GEO datasets showed that FGD6 expression was upregulated in PDAC tissue, and high FGD6 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. In tumor tissue from KrasG12D/+/Trp53R172H/-/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, FGD6 expression escalated during PDAC development. Our results uncover a previously unappreciated mechanism of macropinocytosis in PDAC. Strategies to target FGD6 and growth factors membrane localization might be developed for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pei-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan-Zhi Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin-Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dong-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - De-Jun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Hui-Zhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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80
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Antonella C, Sandro M, Vincenzo C, Martina S, Alessandra E, Gennaro N, Eduardo N, Elena P, Teresa PM, Maria DR, Elvira DL, Cristina SN, Luis MD. Fluoxetine ameliorates Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1432-1450. [PMID: 35121108 PMCID: PMC9077373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS-IIIA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in SGSH involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate. MPS-IIIA presents severe neurological symptoms such as progressive developmental delay and cognitive decline, for which there is currently no treatment. Brain targeting represents the main challenge for therapeutics to treat MPS-IIIA, and the development of small-molecule-based treatments able to reach the CNS could be a relevant advance for therapy. Using cell-based high content imaging to survey clinically approved drugs in MPS-IIIA cells, we identified fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Fluoxetine increases lysosomal and autophagic functions via TFEB activation through a RagC-dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, fluoxetine increases lysosomal exocytosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from MPS-IIIA mice, suggesting that this process may be responsible for heparan sulfate clearance. In vivo, fluoxetine ameliorates somatic and brain pathology in a mouse model of MPS-IIIA by decreasing the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and aggregated autophagic substrates, reducing inflammation, and slowing down cognitive deterioration. We repurposed fluoxetine for potential therapeutics to treat human MPS-IIIA disease.
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81
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Puccini J, Badgley MA, Bar-Sagi D. Exploiting cancer's drinking problem: regulation and therapeutic potential of macropinocytosis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:54-64. [PMID: 34649835 PMCID: PMC8702483 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis, an evolutionarily conserved endocytic mechanism that mediates non-specific fluid-phase uptake, is potently upregulated by various oncogenic pathways. It is now well appreciated that high macropinocytic activity is a hallmark of many human tumors, which use this adaptation to scavenge extracellular nutrients for fueling cell growth. In the context of the nutrient-scarce tumor microenvironment, this process provides tumor cells with metabolic flexibility. However, dependence on this scavenging mechanism also illuminates a potential metabolic vulnerability. As such, there is a great deal of interest in understanding the molecular underpinnings of macropinocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the most recent advances in characterizing macropinocytosis: the pathways that regulate it, its contribution to the metabolic fitness of cancer cells, and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Puccini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Alexander Badgley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Correspondence: (D. Bar-Sagi)
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82
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Hanada K, Kawada K, Nishikawa G, Toda K, Maekawa H, Nishikawa Y, Masui H, Hirata W, Okamoto M, Kiyasu Y, Honma S, Ogawa R, Mizuno R, Itatani Y, Miyoshi H, Sasazuki T, Shirasawa S, Taketo MM, Obama K, Sakai Y. Dual blockade of macropinocytosis and asparagine bioavailability shows synergistic anti-tumor effects on KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:129-141. [PMID: 34543685 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of KRAS gene are found in various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite intense efforts, no pharmacological approaches are expected to be effective against KRAS-mutant cancers. Macropinocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved actin-dependent endocytic process that internalizes extracellular fluids into large vesicles called macropinosomes. Recent studies have revealed macropinocytosis's important role in metabolic adaptation to nutrient stress in cancer cells harboring KRAS mutations. Here we showed that KRAS-mutant CRC cells enhanced macropinocytosis for tumor growth under nutrient-depleted conditions. We also demonstrated that activation of Rac1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase were involved in macropinocytosis of KRAS-mutant CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that macropinocytosis was closely correlated with asparagine metabolism. In KRAS-mutant CRC cells engineered with knockdown of asparagine synthetase, macropinocytosis was accelerated under glutamine-depleted condition, and albumin addition could restore the glutamine depletion-induced growth suppression by recovering the intracellular asparagine level. Finally, we discovered that the combination of macropinocytosis inhibition and asparagine depletion dramatically suppressed the tumor growth of KRAS-mutant CRC cells in vivo. These results indicate that dual blockade of macropinocytosis and asparagine bioavailability could be a novel therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hanada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Gen Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Toda
- Department of Surgery, Otsu City Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Masui
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michio Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kiyasu
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusaku Honma
- Department of Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Uji Tokushukai Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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83
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Rossmeislová L, Gojda J, Smolková K. Pancreatic cancer: branched-chain amino acids as putative key metabolic regulators? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1115-1139. [PMID: 34962613 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids utilized in anabolic and catabolic metabolism. While extensively studied in obesity and diabetes, recent evidence suggests an important role for BCAA metabolism in cancer. Elevated plasma levels of BCAA are associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer, namely pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a tumor with one of the highest 1-year mortality rates. The dreadful prognosis for PDAC patients could be attributable also to the early and frequent development of cancer cachexia, a fatal host metabolic reprogramming leading to muscle and adipose wasting. We propose that BCAA dysmetabolism is a unifying component of several pathological conditions, i.e., obesity, insulin resistance, and PDAC. These conditions are mutually dependent since PDAC ranks among cancers tightly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. It is also well-established that PDAC itself can trigger insulin resistance and new-onset diabetes. However, the exact link between BCAA metabolism, development of PDAC, and tissue wasting is still unclear. Although tissue-specific intracellular and systemic metabolism of BCAA is being intensively studied, unresolved questions related to PDAC and cancer cachexia remain, namely, whether elevated circulating BCAA contribute to PDAC etiology, what is the biological background of BCAA elevation, and what is the role of adipose tissue relative to BCAA metabolism during cancer cachexia. To cover those issues, we provide our view on BCAA metabolism at the intracellular, tissue, and whole-body level, with special emphasis on different metabolic links to BCAA intermediates and the role of insulin in substrate handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Research On Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research On Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gojda
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research On Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Smolková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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84
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Joechle K, Guenzle J, Hellerbrand C, Strnad P, Cramer T, Neumann UP, Lang SA. Role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 in primary and secondary liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1632-1647. [PMID: 34853640 PMCID: PMC8603445 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) acts in two structurally and functionally distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Upon deregulation, activated mTOR signaling is associated with multiple processes involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Compared with mTORC1, much less is known about mTORC2 in cancer, mainly because of the unavailability of a selective inhibitor. However, existing data suggest that mTORC2 with its two distinct subunits Rictor and mSin1 might play a more important role than assumed so far. It is one of the key effectors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and stimulates cell growth, cell survival, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. It is not only implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment but also in resistance to therapy. Rictor, the central subunit of mTORC2, was found to be upregulated in different kinds of cancers and is associated with advanced tumor stages and a bad prognosis. Moreover, AKT, the main downstream regulator of mTORC2/Rictor, is one of the most highly activated proteins in cancer. Primary and secondary liver cancer are major problems for current cancer therapy due to the lack of specific medical treatment, emphasizing the need for further therapeutic options. This review, therefore, summarizes the role of mTORC2/Rictor in cancer, with special focus on primary liver cancer but also on liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Joechle
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sven Arke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
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85
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Suzuki T, Otsuka M, Seimiya T, Iwata T, Kishikawa T, Koike K. The biological role of metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 1:302-310. [PMID: 34766124 PMCID: PMC8491225 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease and highly resistant to all forms of therapy. PDAC cells reprogram their metabolism extensively to promote their survival and growth. Reflecting the vital role of altered metabolism, experimental and clinical trials targeting the rewired metabolism are currently underway. In this review, we summarize the vital role of metabolic reprogramming in the development of PDAC and the future of novel therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Seimiya
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takuma Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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86
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Targeting lysosomes in human disease: from basic research to clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:379. [PMID: 34744168 PMCID: PMC8572923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis. Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have been correlated with the development of numerous diseases. In this review, we interpreted the key biological functions of lysosomes in four areas: cellular metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and cell death. More importantly, we actively sought to determine the characteristic changes and dysfunction of lysosomes in cells affected by these diseases, the causes of these changes and dysfunction, and their significance to the development and treatment of human disease. Furthermore, we outlined currently available targeting strategies: (1) targeting lysosomal acidification; (2) targeting lysosomal cathepsins; (3) targeting lysosomal membrane permeability and integrity; (4) targeting lysosomal calcium signaling; (5) targeting mTOR signaling; and (6) emerging potential targeting strategies. Moreover, we systematically summarized the corresponding drugs and their application in clinical trials. By integrating basic research with clinical findings, we discussed the current opportunities and challenges of targeting lysosomes in human disease.
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87
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Trzeciak A, Wang YT, Perry JSA. First we eat, then we do everything else: The dynamic metabolic regulation of efferocytosis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2126-2141. [PMID: 34433074 PMCID: PMC8568659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic cells, or "efferocytosis," is essential for diverse processes including embryonic development, tissue turnover, organ regeneration, and immune cell development. The human body is estimated to remove approximately 1% of its body mass via apoptotic cell clearance daily. This poses several intriguing cell metabolism problems. For instance, phagocytes such as macrophages must induce or suppress metabolic pathways to find, engulf, and digest apoptotic cells. Then, phagocytes must manage the potentially burdensome biomass of the engulfed apoptotic cell. Finally, phagocytes reside in complex tissue architectures that vary in nutrient availability, the types of dying cells or debris that require clearance, and the neighboring cells they interact with. Here, we review advances in our understanding of these three key areas of phagocyte metabolism. We end by proposing a model of efferocytosis that integrates recent findings and establishes a new paradigm for testing how efferocytosis prevents chronic inflammatory disease and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Trzeciak
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justin Shaun Arnold Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, 417 E 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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88
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Nofal M, Wang T, Yang L, Jankowski CSR, Hsin-Jung Li S, Han S, Parsons L, Frese AN, Gitai Z, Anthony TG, Wühr M, Sabatini DM, Rabinowitz JD. GCN2 adapts protein synthesis to scavenging-dependent growth. Cell Syst 2021; 13:158-172.e9. [PMID: 34706266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells with limited access to free amino acids can grow by scavenging extracellular protein. In a murine model of pancreatic cancer, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen for genes required for scavenging-dependent growth. The screen identified key mediators of macropinocytosis, peripheral lysosome positioning, endosome-lysosome fusion, lysosomal protein catabolism, and translational control. The top hit was GCN2, a kinase that suppresses translation initiation upon amino acid depletion. Using isotope tracers, we show that GCN2 is not required for protein scavenging. Instead, GCN2 prevents ribosome stalling but without slowing protein synthesis; cells still use all of the limiting amino acids as they emerge from lysosomes. GCN2 also adapts gene expression to the nutrient-poor environment, reorienting protein synthesis away from ribosomes and toward lysosomal hydrolases, such as cathepsin L. GCN2, cathepsin L, and the other genes identified in the screen are potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Nofal
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tim Wang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Connor S R Jankowski
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sophia Hsin-Jung Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Seunghun Han
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lance Parsons
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alexander N Frese
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zemer Gitai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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89
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Sriram N, Sah MK. Regulatory insights into progression of cancer and Alzheimer's disorder from autophagy perspective. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8227-8232. [PMID: 34665401 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular physiological process which degrades the cytoplasmic debris and also helps in maintaining the cellular homeostasis. Due to gene mutations regulating this, the susceptibility to Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease increases. The mechanism of impairment in the expression of the genes involved in autophagy is context dependent. Autophagy initially acts as a cytoprotective process, but when the disease progresses, it gets into cytotoxic effect. Hence, it is very difficult to design a therapeutic strategy as the switching point where the cytoprotective nature changes into a cytotoxic one is difficult to figure out. The present insight into the interplay of regulatory events and factors responsible for the progression of cancer and Alzheimer's disorder involved with autophagy may pave a way for more promising strategy for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneeth Sriram
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, G.T. Road, Amritsar Bye-Pass, Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Sah
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, G.T. Road, Amritsar Bye-Pass, Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India.
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90
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Shao J, Shi T, Yu H, Ding Y, Li L, Wang X, Wang X. Cytosolic GDH1 degradation restricts protein synthesis to sustain tumor cell survival following amino acid deprivation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107480. [PMID: 34269483 PMCID: PMC8521317 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTORC1 pathway plays key roles in regulating various biological processes, including sensing amino acid deprivation and driving expression of ribosomal protein (RP)-coding genes. In this study, we observed that depletion of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1), an enzyme that converts glutamate to α-ketoglutarate (αKG), confers resistance to amino acid deprivation on kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) cells. Mechanistically, under conditions of adequate nutrition, GDH1 maintains RP gene expression in a manner dependent on its enzymatic activity. Following amino acid deprivation or mTORC1 inhibition, GDH1 translocates from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, where it becomes ubiquitinated and degraded via the E3 ligase RNF213. GDH1 degradation reduces intracellular αKG levels by more than half and decreases the activity of αKG-dependent lysine demethylases (KDMs). Reduced KDM activity in turn leads to increased histone H3 lysine 9 and 27 methylation, further suppressing RP gene expression and preserving nutrition to support cell survival. In summary, our study exemplifies an economical and efficient strategy of solid tumor cells for coping with amino acid deficiency, which might in the future be targeted to block renal carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Shao
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tiezhu Shi
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorInstitute of Nutrition and Health SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liping Li
- School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorInstitute of Nutrition and Health SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
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91
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Braun C, Weichhart T. mTOR-dependent immunometabolism as Achilles' heel of anticancer therapy. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3161-3175. [PMID: 34648202 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are important constituents of the tumor microenvironment and essential in eradicating tumor cells during conventional therapies or novel immunotherapies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway senses the intra- and extracellular nutrient status, growth factor supply, and cell stress-related changes to coordinate cellular metabolism and activation dictating effector and memory functions in mainly all hematopoietic immune cells. In addition, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 are frequently deregulated and become activated in cancer cells to drive cell transformation, survival, neovascularization, and invasion. In this review, we provide an overview of the influence of mTOR complexes on immune and cancer cell function and metabolism. We discuss how mTOR inhibitors aiming to target cancer cells will influence immunometabolic cell functions participating either in antitumor responses or favoring tumor cell progression in individual immune cells. We suggest immunometabolism as the weak spot of anticancer therapy and propose to evaluate patients according to their predominant immune cell subtype in the cancer tissue. Advances in metabolic drug development that hold promise for more effective treatments in different types of cancer will have to consider their effects on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Braun
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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92
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Patra S, Elahi N, Armorer A, Arunachalam S, Omala J, Hamid I, Ashton AW, Joyce D, Jiao X, Pestell RG. Mechanisms Governing Metabolic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer and Other Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700629. [PMID: 34631530 PMCID: PMC8495201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of metabolic priorities promotes tumor progression. Our understanding of the Warburg effect, based on studies of cultured cancer cells, has evolved to a more complex understanding of tumor metabolism within an ecosystem that provides and catabolizes diverse nutrients provided by the local tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have illustrated that heterogeneous metabolic changes occur at the level of tumor type, tumor subtype, within the tumor itself, and within the tumor microenvironment. Thus, altered metabolism occurs in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment (fibroblasts, immune cells and fat cells). Herein we describe how these growth advantages are obtained through either “convergent” genetic changes, in which common metabolic properties are induced as a final common pathway induced by diverse oncogene factors, or “divergent” genetic changes, in which distinct factors lead to subtype-selective phenotypes and thereby tumor heterogeneity. Metabolic heterogeneity allows subtyping of cancers and further metabolic heterogeneity occurs within the same tumor mass thought of as “microenvironmental metabolic nesting”. Furthermore, recent findings show that mutations of metabolic genes arise in the majority of tumors providing an opportunity for the development of more robust metabolic models of an individual patient’s tumor. The focus of this review is on the mechanisms governing this metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Patra
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Naveed Elahi
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Aaron Armorer
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Swathi Arunachalam
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Joshua Omala
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Iman Hamid
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Program in Cardiovascular Medicine, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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93
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Hou P, Ma X, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Wu CJ, Li J, Tan L, Yao W, Yan L, Zhou X, Kimmelman AC, Lorenzi PL, Zhang J, Jiang S, Spring D, Wang YA, DePinho RA. USP21 deubiquitinase elevates macropinocytosis to enable oncogenic KRAS bypass in pancreatic cancer. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1327-1332. [PMID: 34531315 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348787.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in KRAS (KRAS*) are present in nearly all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases and critical for tumor maintenance. By using an inducible KRAS* PDAC mouse model, we identified a deubiquitinase USP21-driven resistance mechanism to anti-KRAS* therapy. USP21 promotes KRAS*-independent tumor growth via its regulation of MARK3-induced macropinocytosis, which serves to maintain intracellular amino acid levels for anabolic growth. The USP21-mediated KRAS* bypass, coupled with the frequent amplification of USP21 in human PDAC tumors, encourages the assessment of USP21 as a novel drug target as well as a potential parameter that may affect responsiveness to emergent anti-KRAS* therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Hou
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xingdi Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zecheng Yang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wantong Yao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute of Jilin University, The First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun 130061, China
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Denise Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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94
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Targeting Drug Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Using Natural Products. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101353. [PMID: 34680470 PMCID: PMC8533186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. The development of drug resistance is the main contributor to cancer-related mortality. Cancer cells exploit multiple mechanisms to reduce the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, thereby causing chemotherapy failure. Natural products are accessible, inexpensive, and less toxic sources of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, they have multiple mechanisms of action to inhibit various targets involved in the development of drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized the basic research and clinical applications of natural products as possible inhibitors for drug resistance in cancer. The molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of each natural product are also explained. Diverse drug resistance biomarkers were sensitive to natural products. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein can be targeted by a large number of natural products. On the other hand, protein kinase C and topoisomerases were less sensitive to most of the studied natural products. The studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for scientists to explore the possible use of natural products in combination anticancer therapies to overcome drug resistance by targeting multiple drug resistance mechanisms.
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95
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Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Enzyme CAD: Its Function, Regulation, and Diagnostic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910253. [PMID: 34638594 PMCID: PMC8508918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CAD (Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, Aspartate transcarbamoylase, and Dihydroorotase) is a multifunctional protein that participates in the initial three speed-limiting steps of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Over the past two decades, extensive investigations have been conducted to unmask CAD as a central player for the synthesis of nucleic acids, active intermediates, and cell membranes. Meanwhile, the important role of CAD in various physiopathological processes has also been emphasized. Deregulation of CAD-related pathways or CAD mutations cause cancer, neurological disorders, and inherited metabolic diseases. Here, we review the structure, function, and regulation of CAD in mammalian physiology as well as human diseases, and provide insights into the potential to target CAD in future clinical applications.
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96
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Papalazarou V, Maddocks ODK. Supply and demand: Cellular nutrient uptake and exchange in cancer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3731-3748. [PMID: 34547236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient supply and demand delineate cell behavior in health and disease. Mammalian cells have developed multiple strategies to secure the necessary nutrients that fuel their metabolic needs. This is more evident upon disruption of homeostasis in conditions such as cancer, when cells display high proliferation rates in energetically challenging conditions where nutritional sources may be scarce. Here, we summarize the main routes of nutrient acquisition that fuel mammalian cells and their implications in tumorigenesis. We argue that the molecular mechanisms of nutrient acquisition not only tip the balance between nutrient supply and demand but also determine cell behavior upon nutrient limitation and energetic stress and contribute to nutrient partitioning and metabolic coordination between different cell types in inflamed or tumorigenic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Papalazarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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97
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Colombero C, Remy D, Antoine‐Bally S, Macé A, Monteiro P, ElKhatib N, Fournier M, Dahmani A, Montaudon E, Montagnac G, Marangoni E, Chavrier P. mTOR Repression in Response to Amino Acid Starvation Promotes ECM Degradation Through MT1-MMP Endocytosis Arrest. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101614. [PMID: 34250755 PMCID: PMC8425857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of starvation, normal and tumor epithelial cells can rewire their metabolism toward the consumption of extracellular proteins, including extracellular matrix-derived components as nutrient sources. The mechanism of pericellular matrix degradation by starved cells has been largely overlooked. Here it is shown that matrix degradation by breast and pancreatic tumor cells and patient-derived xenograft explants increases by one order of magnitude upon amino acid and growth factor deprivation. In addition, it is found that collagenolysis requires the invadopodia components, TKS5, and the transmembrane metalloproteinase, MT1-MMP, which are key to the tumor invasion program. Increased collagenolysis is controlled by mTOR repression upon nutrient depletion or pharmacological inhibition by rapamycin. The results reveal that starvation hampers clathrin-mediated endocytosis, resulting in MT1-MMP accumulation in arrested clathrin-coated pits. The study uncovers a new mechanism whereby mTOR repression in starved cells leads to the repurposing of abundant plasma membrane clathrin-coated pits into robust ECM-degradative assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Remy
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityCNRS UMR 144Paris75005France
| | | | - Anne‐Sophie Macé
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityCNRS UMR 144Paris75005France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT‐IBiSA)Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParis75005France
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityCNRS UMR 144Paris75005France
| | - Nadia ElKhatib
- Gustave Roussy InstituteUniversité Paris‐SaclayINSERM U1279Villejuif94805France
| | - Margot Fournier
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityCNRS UMR 144Paris75005France
| | - Ahmed Dahmani
- Translational Research DepartmentInstitut CuriePSL Research UniversityParis75005France
| | - Elodie Montaudon
- Translational Research DepartmentInstitut CuriePSL Research UniversityParis75005France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Gustave Roussy InstituteUniversité Paris‐SaclayINSERM U1279Villejuif94805France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research DepartmentInstitut CuriePSL Research UniversityParis75005France
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98
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DeLiberty JM, Robb R, Gates CE, Bryant KL. Unraveling and targeting RAS-driven metabolic signaling for therapeutic gain. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 153:267-304. [PMID: 35101233 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RAS mutations are among the most frequent oncogenic drivers observed in human cancers. With a lack of available treatment options, RAS-mutant cancers account for many of the deadliest cancers in the United States. Recent studies established that altered metabolic requirements are a hallmark of cancer, and many of these alterations are driven by aberrant RAS signaling. Specifically, RAS-driven cancers are characterized by upregulated glycolysis, the differential channeling of glycolytic intermediates, upregulated nutrient scavenging pathways such as autophagy and macropinocytosis, and altered glutamine utilization and mitochondrial function. This unique metabolic landscape promotes tumorigenesis, proliferation, survival in nutrient deficient environments and confers resistance to conventional cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Emerging work demonstrates how these dependencies can be therapeutically exploited in vitro and in vivo with many metabolic inhibitors currently in clinical trials. This review aims to outline the unique metabolic requirements induced by aberrant RAS signaling and how these altered dependencies present opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M DeLiberty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan Robb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire E Gates
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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99
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Grosso S, Marini A, Gyuraszova K, Voorde JV, Sfakianos A, Garland GD, Tenor AR, Mordue R, Chernova T, Morone N, Sereno M, Smith CP, Officer L, Farahmand P, Rooney C, Sumpton D, Das M, Teodósio A, Ficken C, Martin MG, Spriggs RV, Sun XM, Bushell M, Sansom OJ, Murphy D, MacFarlane M, Le Quesne JPC, Willis AE. The pathogenesis of mesothelioma is driven by a dysregulated translatome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4920. [PMID: 34389715 PMCID: PMC8363647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MpM) is an aggressive, invariably fatal tumour that is causally linked with asbestos exposure. The disease primarily results from loss of tumour suppressor gene function and there are no 'druggable' driver oncogenes associated with MpM. To identify opportunities for management of this disease we have carried out polysome profiling to define the MpM translatome. We show that in MpM there is a selective increase in the translation of mRNAs encoding proteins required for ribosome assembly and mitochondrial biogenesis. This results in an enhanced rate of mRNA translation, abnormal mitochondrial morphology and oxygen consumption, and a reprogramming of metabolic outputs. These alterations delimit the cellular capacity for protein biosynthesis, accelerate growth and drive disease progression. Importantly, we show that inhibition of mRNA translation, particularly through combined pharmacological targeting of mTORC1 and 2, reverses these changes and inhibits malignant cell growth in vitro and in ex-vivo tumour tissue from patients with end-stage disease. Critically, we show that these pharmacological interventions prolong survival in animal models of asbestos-induced mesothelioma, providing the basis for a targeted, viable therapeutic option for patients with this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Grosso
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alberto Marini
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarina Gyuraszova
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, UK
| | | | | | - Gavin D Garland
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Rubio Tenor
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ryan Mordue
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tanya Chernova
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nobu Morone
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Sereno
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Claire P Smith
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leah Officer
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pooyeh Farahmand
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, UK
| | - Claire Rooney
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, UK
| | - Madhumita Das
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Teodósio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine Ficken
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Guerra Martin
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth V Spriggs
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiao-Ming Sun
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Bushell
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, UK
| | - Daniel Murphy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - John P C Le Quesne
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, UK.
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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100
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Zhang J, Wu N, Shi D. The Involvement of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b and Dipeptidase 4 Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Diabetes: A Narrative Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:803-815. [PMID: 33185160 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201113110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1B) and dipeptidase 4 (DPP4) signaling pathways regulate eukaryotic cell proliferation and metabolism. Previous researches described different transduction mechanisms in the progression of cancer and diabetes. METHODOLOGY We reviewed recent advances in the signal transduction pathways of mTOR, PTP1B and DPP4 regulation and determined the crosstalk and common pathway in diabetes and cancer. RESULTS We showed that according to numerous past studies, the proteins participate in the signaling networks for both diseases. CONCLUSION There are common pathways and specific proteins involved in diabetes and cancer. This article demonstrates and explains the potential mechanisms of association and future prospects for targeting these proteins in pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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