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Pan J, Zhang L, Wang X, Li L, Yang C, Wang Z, Su K, Hu X, Zhang Y, Ren G, Jiang J, Li P, Huang J. Chronic stress induces pulmonary epithelial cells to produce acetylcholine that remodels lung pre-metastatic niche of breast cancer by enhancing NETosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:255. [PMID: 37773152 PMCID: PMC10540414 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress promotes most hallmarks of cancer through impacting the malignant tissues, their microenvironment, immunity, lymphatic flow, etc. Existing studies mainly focused on the roles of stress-induced activation of systemic sympathetic nervous system and other stress-induced hormones, the organ specificity of chronic stress in shaping the pre-metastatic niche remains largely unknown. This study investigated the role of chronic stress in remodeling lung pre-metastatic niche of breast cancer. METHODS Breast cancer mouse models with chronic stress were constructed by restraint or unpredictable stress. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), EpCAM and NETosis were examined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. mRNA and protein levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), VAChT, and peptidylarginine deiminase 4 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Immune cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Acetylcholine (ACh) and chemokines were detected by ELISA and multi chemokine array, respectively. ChAT in lung tissues from patients was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Breast cancer-bearing mice suffered chronic stress metastasized earlier and showed more severe lung metastasis than did mice in control group. VAChT, ChAT and ChAT+ epithelial cells were increased significantly in lung of model mice undergone chronic stress. ACh and chemokines especially CXCL2 in lung culture supernatants from model mice with chronic stress were profoundly increased. Chronic stress remodeled lung immune cell subsets with striking increase of neutrophils, enhanced NETosis in lung and promoted NETotic neutrophils to capture cancer cells. ACh treatment resulted in enhanced NETosis of neutrophils. The expression of ChAT in lung tissues from breast cancer patients with lung metastasis was significantly higher than that in patients with non-tumor pulmonary diseases. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress promotes production of CXCL2 that recruits neutrophils into lung, and induces pulmonary epithelial cells to produce ACh that enhances NETosis of neutrophils. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that chronic stress induced epithelial cell derived ACh plays a key role in remodeling lung pre-metastatic niche of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ke Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Guohong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiahuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China.
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China.
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Wu Y, Dong JH, Dai YF, Zhu MZ, Wang MY, Zhang Y, Pan YD, Yuan XR, Guo ZX, Wang CX, Li YQ, Zhu XH. Hepatic soluble epoxide hydrolase activity regulates cerebral Aβ metabolism and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in mice. Neuron 2023; 111:2847-2862.e10. [PMID: 37402372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. However, how the role of peripheral organ changes in response to environmental stimuli during aging in AD pathogenesis remains unknown. Hepatic soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity increases with age. Hepatic sEH manipulation bidirectionally attenuates brain amyloid-β (Aβ) burden, tauopathy, and cognitive deficits in AD mouse models. Moreover, hepatic sEH manipulation bidirectionally regulates the plasma level of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (-EET), which rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier and modulates brain Aβ metabolism through multiple pathways. A balance between the brain levels of 14,15-EET and Aβ is essential for preventing Aβ deposition. In AD models, 14,15-EET infusion mimicked the neuroprotective effects of hepatic sEH ablation at biological and behavioral levels. These results highlight the liver's key role in AD pathology, and targeting the liver-brain axis in response to environmental stimuli may constitute a promising therapeutic approach for AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Jing-Hua Dong
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Yong-Feng Dai
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min-Zhen Zhu
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China; School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wang
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Yi-Da Pan
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin-Rui Yuan
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Guo
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Chen-Xi Wang
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China; School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Research Center for Brain-Computer Interface, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Xin-Hong Zhu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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53
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Ma H, Chang Q, Jia J, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li Y. Linkage of blood cell division cycle 42 with T helper cells, and their correlation with anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12855. [PMID: 37703110 PMCID: PMC10496759 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates T helper (Th) cell differentiation and is related to psychological disorders. This study aimed to assess the correlation between blood CDC42 and Th cells, and their association with mental issues in stroke patients. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 264 stroke patients and 50 controls. Then, serum CDC42 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were applied to patients. CDC42 was decreased (P<0.001), Th1 (P=0.013) and Th17 (P<0.001) cells were elevated, while Th2 cells (P=0.108) showed no difference in stroke patients compared to controls. In addition, CDC42 was negatively associated to Th1 (P=0.013) and Th17 (P<0.001) cells in stroke patients but were not associated with Th2 cells (P=0.223). Interestingly, CDC42 was negatively associated with HADS-anxiety (P<0.001) and HADS-depression scores (P=0.034) and positively associated with MMSE score (P<0.001) in stroke patients. Lower CDC42 was associated to lower occurrence of anxiety (P=0.002), depression (P=0.001), and cognitive impairment (P=0.036) in stroke patients. Furthermore, increased Th17 cells were positively correlated with HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression scores and inversely correlated with MMSE score, which were also associated with higher occurrence of anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in stroke patients (all P<0.05). Blood CDC42 and Th17 cells were correlated, and both of them were linked to the risk of anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. However, the findings need further large-scale validation, and the implicated mechanism needs more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jujuan Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Escrig-Larena JI, Delgado-Pulido S, Mittelbrunn M. Mitochondria during T cell aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101808. [PMID: 37473558 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging that contributes to inflammaging. It is characterized by alterations of the mitochondrial DNA, reduced respiratory capacity, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species production. These primary alterations disrupt other interconnected and important mitochondrial-related processes such as metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, mitophagy, calcium homeostasis or apoptosis. In this review, we gather the current knowledge about the different mitochondrial processes which are altered during aging, with special focus on their contribution to age-associated T cell dysfunction and inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Escrig-Larena
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molcular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado-Pulido
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias (UAM), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molcular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Milà-Guasch M, Ramírez S, Llana SR, Fos-Domènech J, Dropmann LM, Pozo M, Eyre E, Gómez-Valadés AG, Obri A, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Claret M. Maternal emulsifier consumption programs offspring metabolic and neuropsychological health in mice. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002171. [PMID: 37616199 PMCID: PMC10449393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle is associated with a major consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) due to their practicality and palatability. The ingestion of emulsifiers, a main additive in UPFs, has been related to gut inflammation, microbiota dysbiosis, adiposity, and obesity. Maternal unbalanced nutritional habits during embryonic and perinatal stages perturb offspring's long-term metabolic health, thus increasing obesity and associated comorbidity risk. However, whether maternal emulsifier consumption influences developmental programming in the offspring remains unknown. Here, we show that, in mice, maternal consumption of dietary emulsifiers (1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 1% P80 in drinking water), during gestation and lactation, perturbs the development of hypothalamic energy balance regulation centers of the progeny, leads to metabolic impairments, cognition deficits, and induces anxiety-like traits in a sex-specific manner. Our findings support the notion that maternal consumption of emulsifiers, common additives of UPFs, causes mild metabolic and neuropsychological malprogramming in the progeny. Our data call for nutritional advice during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Milà-Guasch
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ramírez
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio R. Llana
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Fos-Domènech
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lea Maria Dropmann
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Pozo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Eyre
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia G. Gómez-Valadés
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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56
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Yehuda H, Madrer N, Goldberg D, Soreq H, Meerson A. Inversely Regulated Inflammation-Related Processes Mediate Anxiety-Obesity Links in Zebrafish Larvae and Adults. Cells 2023; 12:1794. [PMID: 37443828 PMCID: PMC10341043 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and metabolic impairments are often inter-related, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To seek RNAs involved in the anxiety disorder-metabolic disorder link, we subjected zebrafish larvae to caffeine-induced anxiety or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity followed by RNA sequencing and analyses. Notably, differentially expressed (DE) transcripts in these larval models and an adult zebrafish caffeine-induced anxiety model, as well as the transcript profiles of inherently anxious versus less anxious zebrafish strains and high-fat diet-fed versus standard diet-fed adult zebrafish, revealed inversely regulated DE transcripts. In both larval anxiety and obesity models, these included long noncoding RNAs and transfer RNA fragments, with the overrepresented immune system and inflammation pathways, e.g., the "interleukin signaling pathway" and "inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway". In adulthood, overrepresented immune system processes included "T cell activation", "leukocyte cell-cell adhesion", and "antigen processing and presentation". Furthermore, unlike adult zebrafish, obesity in larvae was not accompanied by anxiety-like behavior. Together, these results may reflect an antagonistic pleiotropic phenomenon involving a re-adjusted modulation of the anxiety-metabolic links with an occurrence of the acquired immune system. Furthermore, the HFD potential to normalize anxiety-upregulated immune-related genes may reflect the high-fat diet protection of anxiety and neurodegeneration reported by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Yehuda
- MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
| | - Nimrod Madrer
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Doron Goldberg
- MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel;
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ari Meerson
- MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel;
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Yuan F, Zhou Z, Wu S, Jiao F, Chen L, Fang L, Yin H, Hu X, Jiang X, Liu K, Xiao F, Jiang H, Chen S, Liu Z, Shu Y, Guo F. Intestinal activating transcription factor 4 regulates stress-related behavioral alterations via paraventricular thalamus in male mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215590120. [PMID: 37126693 PMCID: PMC10175747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215590120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces depression- and anxiety-related behaviors, which are common mental disorders accompanied not only by dysfunction of the brain but also of the intestine. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a stress-induced gene, and we previously show that it is important for gut functions; however, the contribution of the intestinal ATF4 to stress-related behaviors is not known. Here, we show that chronic stress inhibits the expression of ATF4 in gut epithelial cells. ATF4 overexpression in the colon relieves stress-related behavioral alterations in male mice, as measured by open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, and tail suspension test, whereas intestine-specific ATF4 knockout induces stress-related behavioral alterations in male mice. Furthermore, glutamatergic neurons are inhibited in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) of two strains of intestinal ATF4-deficient mice, and selective activation of these neurons alleviates stress-related behavioral alterations in intestinal ATF4-deficient mice. The highly expressed gut-secreted peptide trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is chosen from RNA-Seq data from ATF4 deletion mice and demonstrated decreased in gut epithelial cells, which is directly regulated by ATF4. Injection of TFF3 reverses stress-related behaviors in ATF4 knockout mice, and the beneficial effects of TFF3 are blocked by inhibiting PVT glutamatergic neurons using DREADDs. In summary, this study demonstrates the function of ATF4 in the gut-brain regulation of stress-related behavioral alterations, via TFF3 modulating PVT neural activity. This research provides evidence of gut signals regulating stress-related behavioral alterations and identifies possible drug targets for the treatment of stress-related behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Yuan
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shangming Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Fuxin Jiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Hanrui Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Haizhou Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
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Jing W, Bi C, Fang Z, Qian C, Chen J, Yu J, Tian G, Ye M, Liu Z. Neuropsychiatric sequelae after liver transplantation and their possible mechanism via the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114855. [PMID: 37163780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients after liver transplantation are often impacted by mental and even neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, sleep disorders, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychiatric sequelae have an adverse impact on rehabilitation and can even incapacitate people, reducing their quality of life. Despite screening tools and effective treatments, neuropsychiatric sequelae after liver transplantation (NSALT) have not been fully diagnosed and treated. Current research suggests that NSALT may be partly related to intestinal microbial variation, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we describe the clinical and diagnostic features, prevalence, prediction, clinical course and outcome, management, and treatment of NSALT; we also summarize their mechanisms through the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis. Finally, we propose to improve NSALT on the basis of adjusting the gastrointestinal flora, immune inflammation or vagus nerve (VN), providing a novel strategy for clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing seventh people's hospital, Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Chenchen Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of General Practice, Lizhu Branch, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Qian
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing seventh people's hospital, Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Guoqiang Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing seventh people's hospital, Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing seventh people's hospital, Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
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Chen Z, Huang Y, Wang B, Peng H, Wang X, Wu H, Chen W, Wang M. T cells: an emerging cast of roles in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:153. [PMID: 37156764 PMCID: PMC10167236 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a distinctly heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder with a high individual and social burden. Immune pathway dysregulation is an important pathophysiological feature of BD. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of BD. Therefore, greater insight into T lymphocytes' functioning in patients with BD is essential. In this narrative review, we describe the presence of an imbalance in the ratio and altered function of T lymphocyte subsets in BD patients, mainly in T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 cells and regulatory T cells, and alterations in hormones, intracellular signaling, and microbiomes may be potential causes. Abnormal T cell presence explains the elevated rates of comorbid inflammatory illnesses in the BD population. We also update the findings on T cell-targeting drugs as potentially immunomodulatory therapeutic agents for BD disease in addition to classical mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid). In conclusion, an imbalance in T lymphocyte subpopulation ratios and altered function may be involved in the development of BD, and maintaining T cell immune homeostasis may provide an overall therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Huanqie Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hongzheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wanxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Kambe J, Miyata S, Li C, Yamamoto Y, Nagaoka K. Xanthine-induced deficits in hippocampal behavior and abnormal expression of hemoglobin genes. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114476. [PMID: 37148916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety is high and often comorbid with other diseases. Chronic stress is a common risk factor for these disorders, but the mechanisms behind their development are not yet fully understood. Metabolomics has revealed a close association between purine and pyrimidine metabolism and depression and anxiety, with increased levels of serum xanthine observed in both humans and mice. Xanthine is known as purine metabolism, and this compound shows several biological activities, but the impact of xanthine on our brain function is still unclear. The hippocampus, which plays a crucial role in memory and learning, is also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety. Here, we investigated the effects of xanthine intraperitoneal administration on spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior in mice. The findings indicated that xanthine administration induced a deficit of hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and a tendency to anxiety-like behavior in mice. RNA-seq analysis showed that xanthine administration upregulated hemoglobin (Hb) genes involved in oxygen transport in the hippocampus. The upregulated Hb genes occurred in the neuronal cells, and in vitro experiments revealed that both Hba-a1 derived from mice and HBA2 derived from humans were upregulated by xanthine treatment. These observations suggest that the xanthine-induced Hb in the hippocampus could be related to spatial memory deficit and anxiety. This study sheds light on the direct effects of xanthine on the brain and its potential role in the development of depression and anxiety symptoms caused by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kambe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Miyata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhang ZW, Han P, Fu J, Yu H, Xu H, Hu JC, Lu JY, Yang XY, Zhang HJ, Bu MM, Jiang JD, Wang Y. Gut microbiota-based metabolites of Xiaoyao Pills (a typical Traditional Chinese medicine) ameliorate depression by inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase levels in brain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116555. [PMID: 37100263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are often prepared in oral dosage forms, making TCMs interact with gut microbiota after oral administration, which could affect the therapeutic effect of TCM. Xiaoyao Pills (XYPs) are a commonly used TCM in China to treat depression. The biological underpinnings, however, are still in its infancy due to its complex chemical composition. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to explore XYPs' underlying antidepressant mechanism from both in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS XYPs were composed of 8 herbs, including the root of Bupleurum chinense DC., the root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., the sclerotia of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, the rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., the leaves of Mentha haplocalyx Briq., the rhizome of Atractylis lancea var. chinensis (Bunge) Kitam., and the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, in a ratio of 5:5:5:5:4:1:5:5. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat models were established. After that, the sucrose preference test (SPT) was carried out to evaluate if the rats were depressed. After 28 days of treatment, the forced swimming test and SPT were carried out to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of XYPs. The feces, brain and plasma were taken out for 16SrRNA gene sequencing analysis, untargeted metabolomics and gut microbiota transformation analysis. RESULTS The results revealed multiple pathways affected by XYPs. Among them, the hydrolysis of fatty acids amide in brain decreased most significant via XYPs treatment. Moreover, the XYPs' metabolites which mainly derived from gut microbiota (benzoic acid, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhetinic acid and saikogenin D) were found in plasma and brain of CUMS rats and could inhibit the levels of FAAH in brain, which contributed to XYPs' antidepressant effect. CONCLUSIONS The potential antidepressant mechanism of XYPs by untargeted metabolomics combined with gut microbiota-transformation analysis was revealed, which further support the theory of gut-brain axis and provide valuable evidence of the drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jia-Chun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jin-Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hao-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Dong C, Yang N, Zhao R, Yang Y, Gu X, Fu T, Sun C, Gu Z. SVM-Based Model Combining Patients' Reported Outcomes and Lymphocyte Phenotypes of Depression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050723. [PMID: 37238593 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is high and leads to a lower quality of life than that in undepressed SLE patients and healthy individuals. The causes of SLE depression are still unclear. METHODS A total of 94 SLE patients were involved in this study. A series of questionnaires (Hospital Depression Scale, Social Support Rate Scale and so on) were applied. Flow cytometry was used to test the different stages and types of T cells and B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the key contributors to depression in SLE. Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning was applied to form the prediction model. RESULTS Depressed SLE patients showed lower objective support, severer fatigue, worse sleep quality and higher percentages of ASC%PBMC, ASC%CD19+, MAIT, TEM%Th, TEMRA%Th, CD45RA+CD27-Th, TEMRA%CD8 than non-depressed patients. A learning-based SVM model combining objective and patient-reported variables showed that fatigue, objective support, ASC%CD19+, TEM%Th and TEMRA%CD8 were the main contributing factors to depression in SLE. With the SVM model, the weight of TEM%Th was 0.17, which is the highest among objective variables, and the weight of fatigue was 0.137, which was the highest among variables of patients' reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Both patient-reported factors and immunological factors could be involved in the occurrence and development of depression in SLE. Scientists can explore the mechanism of depression in SLE or other psychological diseases from the above perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Nengjie Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xixi Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Wang Q, Zhong Y, Chen N, Chen J. From the immune system to mood disorders especially induced by Toxoplasma gondii: CD4+ T cell as a bridge. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1078984. [PMID: 37077528 PMCID: PMC10106765 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1078984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a ubiquitous and obligatory intracellular protozoa, not only alters peripheral immune status, but crosses the blood-brain barrier to trigger brain parenchymal injury and central neuroinflammation to establish latent cerebral infection in humans and other vertebrates. Recent findings underscore the strong correlation between alterations in the peripheral and central immune environment and mood disorders. Th17 and Th1 cells are important pro-inflammatory cells that can drive the pathology of mood disorders by promoting neuroinflammation. As opposed to Th17 and Th1, regulatory T cells have inhibitory inflammatory and neuroprotective functions that can ameliorate mood disorders. T. gondii induces neuroinflammation, which can be mediated by CD4+ T cells (such as Tregs, Th17, Th1, and Th2). Though the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorder have been currently studied, emerging evidence points to unique role of CD4+ T cells in mood disorder, especially those caused by T. gondii infection. In this review, we explore some recent studies that extend our understanding of the relationship between mood disorders and T. gondii.
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Zhu X, Sakamoto S, Ishii C, Smith MD, Ito K, Obayashi M, Unger L, Hasegawa Y, Kurokawa S, Kishimoto T, Li H, Hatano S, Wang TH, Yoshikai Y, Kano SI, Fukuda S, Sanada K, Calabresi PA, Kamiya A. Dectin-1 signaling on colonic γδ T cells promotes psychosocial stress responses. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:625-636. [PMID: 36941398 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system interacts with commensal microbiota to maintain gut homeostasis. Furthermore, stress alters the microbiome composition, leading to impaired brain function; yet how the intestinal immune system mediates these effects remains elusive. Here we report that colonic γδ T cells modulate behavioral vulnerability to chronic social stress via dectin-1 signaling. We show that reduction in specific Lactobacillus species, which are involved in T cell differentiation to protect the host immune system, contributes to stress-induced social-avoidance behavior, consistent with our observations in patients with depression. Stress-susceptible behaviors derive from increased differentiation in colonic interleukin (IL)-17-producing γδ T cells (γδ17 T cells) and their meningeal accumulation. These stress-susceptible cellular and behavioral phenotypes are causally mediated by dectin-1, an innate immune receptor expressed in γδ T cells. Our results highlight the previously unrecognized role of intestinal γδ17 T cells in the modulation of psychological stress responses and the importance of dectin-1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of stress-induced behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shinji Sakamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ishii
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koki Ito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mizuho Obayashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Unger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuto Hasegawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shunya Kurokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Hills Joint Research Laboratory for Future Preventive Medicine and Wellness, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Li
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Shinya Hatano
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Laboratory for Regenerative Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sanada
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Fang M, Li Y, Liao Z, Wang G, Cao Q, Li Y, Duan Y, Han Y, Deng X, Wu F, Kamau PM, Lu Q, Lai R. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein expression is increased by stress and inhibits monoamine synthesis to promote depressive symptoms. Immunity 2023; 56:620-634.e11. [PMID: 36854305 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine insufficiency is suggested to be associated with depressive features such as sadness, anhedonia, insomnia, and cognitive dysfunction, but the mechanisms that cause it are unclear. We found that the acute-phase protein lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) inhibits monoamine biosynthesis by acting as an endogenous inhibitor of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and aromatic-L-amino-acid-decarboxylase (DDC). LBP expression was increased in individuals with depression and by diverse stress challenges in mice. LBP antibodies and LBP knockdown inhibited monoamine insufficiency and depression-like features in mice, which worsened with LBP overexpression or administration. Monoamine insufficiency and depression-like symptoms were not induced by stressful stimuli in LBP-deficient mice, further highlighting a role for LBP in stress-induced depression, and a peptide we designed that blocks LBP-DBH and LBP-DDC interactions showed anti-depression effects in mice. This study reveals an important role for LBP in regulating monoamine biosynthesis and suggests that targeting LBP may have potential as a treatment for some individuals with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; College of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhiyi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Qiqi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ya Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yong Duan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yanbing Han
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Feilong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peter Muiruri Kamau
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiumin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
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Sharma S, Ma W, Ressler KJ, Anderson T, Li DC, Jin P, Gourley SL, Qin Z. Dysregulation of Prefrontal Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells Across Mouse Models of Adversity and Human Major Depressive Disorder Oligodendrocyte dysregulation in mouse models of stress and MDD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531989. [PMID: 36945653 PMCID: PMC10028961 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of adversity have yielded few molecular mechanisms that translate to human stress-related diseases like major depressive disorder (MDD). We congruently analyze publicly available bulk-tissue transcriptomic data from prefrontal cortex (PFC) in multiple mouse models of adversity and in MDD. We apply strategies, to quantify cell-type specific enrichment from bulk-tissue transcriptomics, utilizing reference single cell RNA sequencing datasets. These analyses reveal conserved patterns of oligodendrocyte (OL) dysregulation across animal experiments, including susceptibility to social defeat, acute cocaine withdrawal, chronic unpredictable stress, early life stress, and adolescent social isolation. Using unbiased methodologies, we further identify a dysregulation of layer 6 neurons that associate with deficits in goal-directed behavior after social isolation. Human post-mortem brains with MDD show similar OL transcriptome changes in Brodmann Areas 8/9 in both male and female patients. This work assesses cell type involvement in an unbiased manner from differential expression analyses across animal models of adversity and human MDD and finds a common signature of OL dysfunction in the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University
| | | | | | - Dan. C. Li
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
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67
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Shan D, You L, Wan X, Yang H, Zhao M, Chen S, Jiang W, Xu Q, Yuan Y. Serum metabolomic profiling revealed potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with panic disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:461-471. [PMID: 36493940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, specific metabolites and diagnostic biomarkers of panic disorder (PD) patients have not been identified in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore metabolites and metabolic pathways in serum through a metabolomics method. METHODS Fifty-five PD patients who completed 2 weeks of inpatient treatment and 55 healthy control subjects (HCs) matched for age, sex and BMI were recruited. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect metabolites in serum. Multivariate Statistical Analysis was used to identify differential metabolites. The relevant biometabolic pathways were further identified by the online tool MetaboAnalyst 5.0. RESULTS 43 different metabolites in PD patients compared to HCs (P < 0.05) were screened. Pathway analysis showed that these small molecules were mainly associated with amino acid metabolism. 14 metabolites were significantly changed after 2 weeks of drug treatment (P < 0.05), which were mainly associated with tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our analysis of metabolomics of PD patients at baseline and two weeks after treatment screened for differential metabolites that could be potential diagnostic biomarkers involved in PD pathogenesis and influence some biometabolic pathways such as phenylalanine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. In the future, we can summarize and observe the dynamic changes of differential metabolites that appear more frequently in similar studies to further explore the underlying mechanisms of PD evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin You
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuerui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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68
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Exploration of Lipid Metabolism Alterations in Children with Active Tuberculosis Using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:8111355. [PMID: 36815950 PMCID: PMC9936505 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling using nonsputum samples has demonstrated excellent performance in diagnosing infectious diseases. But little is known about the lipid metabolism alternation in children with tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, the study was performed to explore lipid metabolic changes caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and identify specific lipids as diagnostic biomarkers in children with TB using UHPLC-MS/MS. Plasma samples obtained from 70 active TB children, 21 non-TB infectious disease children, and 21 healthy controls were analyzed by a partial least-squares discriminant analysis model in the training set, and 12 metabolites were identified that can separate children with TB from non-TB controls. In the independent testing cohort with 49 subjects, three of the markers, PC (15:0/17:1), PC (17:1/18:2), and PE (18:1/20:3), presented with high diagnostic values. The areas under the curve of the three metabolites were 0.904, 0.833, and 0.895, respectively. The levels of the altered lipid metabolites were found to be associated with the severity of the TB disease. Taken together, plasma lipid metabolites are potentially useful for diagnosis of active TB in children and would provide insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.
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69
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Wang X, Yang X, Hou Z, Tian S, Xu G, Li J, Wen L, Bi D, Gao F, Shen Y, Huang G. Whole-brain mapping of metabolic alterations in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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70
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Li Z, Chen K, Shao Q, Lu H, Zhang X, Pu Y, Sun X, He H, Cao L. Nanoparticulate MgH 2 ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by regulating microglial polarization and oxidative stress. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:16. [PMID: 36710351 PMCID: PMC9885636 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric comorbidities of MS, which seriously affect patients' quality of life, treatment compliance, and prognosis. However, current treatments for anxiety and depression in MS show low therapeutic efficacy and significant side effects. In the present study, we explored the therapeutic effects of a novel low-toxic anti-inflammatory drug, nanoparticulate magnesium hydride (MgH2), on mood disorders of MS. We observed that anxiety/depression-like behaviors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were alleviated by MgH2 treatment. In addition, disease severity and inflammatory demyelination were also diminished. Furthermore, we confirmed the suppressive effect of MgH2 on depression in the acute restraint stress model. Mechanistically, MgH2 may play a therapeutic role by promoting microglial M2 polarization, inhibiting microglial M1 polarization, and reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Therefore, nanoparticulate MgH2 may be a promising therapeutic drug for psychiatric comorbidities of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Military of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Kefu Chen
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Military of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qi Shao
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Military of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Hongtao Lu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Military of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yingyan Pu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Military of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Hua He
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Li Cao
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Military of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
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71
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Jiao F, Hu X, Yin H, Yuan F, Zhou Z, Wu W, Chen S, Liu Z, Guo F. Inhibition of c-Jun in AgRP neurons increases stress-induced anxiety and colitis susceptibility. Commun Biol 2023; 6:50. [PMID: 36641530 PMCID: PMC9840628 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, the neural mechanisms regulating this comorbidity are unknown. Here, we show that hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) neuronal activity is suppressed under chronic restraint stress (CRS), a condition known to increase anxiety and colitis susceptibility. Consistently, chemogenic activation or inhibition of AgRP neurons reverses or mimics CRS-induced increase of anxiety-like behaviors and colitis susceptibility, respectively. Furthermore, CRS inhibits AgRP neuronal activity by suppressing the expression of c-Jun. Moreover, overexpression of c-Jun in these neurons protects against the CRS-induced effects, and knockdown of c-Jun in AgRP neurons (c-Jun∆AgRP) promotes anxiety and colitis susceptibility. Finally, the levels of secreted protein thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) are negatively associated with increased anxiety and colitis, and supplementing recombinant THBS1 rescues colitis susceptibility in c-Jun∆AgRP mice. Taken together, these results reveal critical roles of hypothalamic AgRP neuron-derived c-Jun in orchestrating stress-induced anxiety and colitis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Jiao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hanrui Yin
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Wei Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Feifan Guo
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Safari H, Mashayekhan S. Inflammation and Mental Health Disorders: Immunomodulation as a Potential Therapy for Psychiatric Conditions. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2841-2852. [PMID: 37946352 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128251883231031054700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide and their incidence has significantly increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the continuous surge in the number of people diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, the treatment methods for these conditions remain limited. A significant number of people either do not respond to therapy or discontinue the drugs due to their severe side effects. Therefore, alternative therapeutic interventions are needed. Previous studies have shown a correlation between immunological alterations and the occurrence of mental health disorders, yet immunomodulatory therapies have been barely investigated for combating psychiatric conditions. In this article, we have reviewed the immunological alterations that occur during the onset of mental health disorders, including microglial activation, an increased number of circulating innate immune cells, reduced activity of natural killer cells, altered T cell morphology and functionality, and an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article also examines key studies that demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory medications in mental health disorders. These studies suggest that immunomodulation can potentially be used as a complementary therapy for controlling psychiatric conditions after careful screening of candidate drugs and consideration of their efficacy and side effects in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Safari
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Wu Y, Zhou L, Zhang X, Yang X, Niedermann G, Xue J. Psychological distress and eustress in cancer and cancer treatment: Advances and perspectives. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq7982. [PMID: 36417542 PMCID: PMC9683699 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Facing cancer diagnosis, patients with cancer are prone to psychological stress and consequent psychological disorders. The association between psychological stress and cancer has long been a subject of high interest. To date, preclinical studies have gradually uncovered the promotive effects of psychological distress on tumor hallmarks. In contrast, eustress may exert suppressive effects on tumorigenesis and beneficial effects on tumor treatment, which brings a practicable means and psychosocial perspective to cancer treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, by focusing on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, as well as stress-related crucial neurotransmitters and hormones, we highlight the effects of distress and eustress on tumorigenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and tumor treatment. We also discuss the findings of clinical studies on stress management in patients with cancer. Last, we summarize questions that remain to be addressed and provide suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Wu
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Laiyan Zhou
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xuanwei Zhang
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, German Cancer Consortium, partner site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Zhao J, Feng C, Wang W, Su L, Jiao J. Human SERPINA3 induces neocortical folding and improves cognitive ability in mice. Cell Discov 2022; 8:124. [DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNeocortex expansion and folding are related to human intelligence and cognition, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cortical folding remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the human gene SERPINA3 is linked to gyrification. Specifically, the overexpression of SERPINA3 induced neocortical folding, increased the abundance of neurons, and improved cognitive abilities. Further, SERPINA3 promoted proliferation of the outer radial glia (oRG, also referred to as the basal radial glia) and increased the number of upper-layer neurons. The downstream target Glo1 was determined to be involved in SERPINA3-induced gyrification. Moreover, SERPINA3 increased the proliferation of oRG by binding to the Glo1 promoter. Assessment of behavior performance showed enhanced cognitive abilities in SERPINA3 knock-in mice. Our findings will enrich the understanding of neocortical expansion and gyrification and provide insights into possible treatments for intellectual disability and lissencephaly syndrome.
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75
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Xu L, Qiu Y, Wang X, Shang W, Bai J, Shi K, Liu H, Liu JP, Wang L, Tong C. ER-mitochondrial contact protein Miga regulates autophagy through Atg14 and Uvrag. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Darrigues J, Almeida V, Conti E, Ribot JC. The multisensory regulation of unconventional T cell homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101657. [PMID: 36370671 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells typically group γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (NKT) and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells. With their pre-activated status and biased tropism for non-lymphoid organs, they provide a rapid (innate-like) and efficient first line of defense against pathogens at strategical barrier sites, while they can also trigger chronic inflammation, and unexpectedly contribute to steady state physiology. Thus, a tight control of their homeostasis is critical to maintain tissue integrity. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of our understanding of the factors, from neuroimmune to inflammatory regulators, shaping the size and functional properties of unconventional T cell subsets in non-lymphoid organs. We present a general overview of the mechanisms common to these populations, while also acknowledging specific aspects of their diversity. We mainly focus on their maintenance at steady state and upon inflammation, highlighting some key unresolved issues and raising upcoming technical, fundamental and translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Darrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vicente Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eller Conti
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Zhou Y, Yu K. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells and their corresponding cytokines are associated with anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in elderly gastric cancer patients. Front Surg 2022; 9:996680. [PMID: 36386524 PMCID: PMC9640774 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.996680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective T helper (Th) cells modulate the stress response, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation to mediate anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. This study intended to explore the association between Th cells and anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in elderly gastric cancer patients. Methods Totally, 176 elderly gastric cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry; their corresponding cytokines were examined by ELISA. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were assessed. Results In total, 42.0%, 33.0%, and 19.9% of elderly gastric cancer patients presented anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment, respectively. Th1 (P = 0.016), Th17 (P = 0.009), and IL-17A (P = 0.001) were positively associated with the HADS-A score. Th17 (P = 0.003) and IL-17A (P = 0.009) levels were increased in patients with anxiety compared with those without anxiety. Concurrently, a positive association was observed for Th1 (P = 0.027), Th17 (P = 0.014), and IFN-γ (P = 0.049) with the HADS-D score. Th1 (P = 0.017) and Th17 (P = 0.049) levels were increased in patients with depression than in those without depression. Moreover, Th1 (P = 0.003), Th17 (P < 0.001), IFN-γ (P = 0.014), and IL-17A (P < 0.001) were inversely related to MMSE scores, but only Th17 (P < 0.001) and IL-17A (P < 0.001) were increased in patients with cognitive impairment compared with those without cognitive impairment. Conclusion Th1 and Th17 cells reflect anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment risk to a certain extent in elderly gastric cancer patients, implying their involvement in the pathology of the abovementioned psychological and cognitive issues. However, further validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhou
- Nursing Department, Chenzhou First People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Operation Room, Changsha Hospital for Maternal / Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Correspondence: Ke Yu
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Escudero-Lara A, Cabañero D, Maldonado R. Contribution of CD4+ cells in the emotional alterations induced by endometriosis in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:946975. [PMID: 36311856 PMCID: PMC9596757 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.946975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a disease defined by the presence of endometrial tissue in extrauterine locations. This chronic condition is frequently associated with pain and emotional disorders and has been related with altered immune function. However, the specific involvement of immune cells in pain and behavioral symptoms of endometriosis has not been yet elucidated. Here, we implement a mouse model of non-surgical endometriosis in which immunocompetent mice develop abdomino-pelvic hypersensitivity, cognitive deficits, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. This behavioral phenotype correlates with expression of inflammatory markers in the brain, including the immune cell marker CD4. Depletion of CD4 + cells decreases the anxiety-like behavior of mice subjected to the endometriosis model, whereas abdomino-pelvic hypersensitivity, depressive-like behavior and cognitive deficits remain unaltered. The present data reveal the involvement of the immune response characterized by CD4 + white blood cells in the anxiety-like behavior induced by endometriosis in mice. This model, which recapitulates the symptoms of human endometriosis, may be a useful tool to study the immune mechanisms involved in pain and behavioral alterations associated to endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Escudero-Lara
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cabañero
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- David Cabañero,
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rafael Maldonado,
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Liu Y, Tian S, Ning B, Huang T, Li Y, Wei Y. Stress and cancer: The mechanisms of immune dysregulation and management. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032294. [PMID: 36275706 PMCID: PMC9579304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of psychoneuroimmunology in the past decade have emphasized the notion that stress and cancer are interlinked closely. Durable chronic stress accelerated tumorigenesis and progression, which is unfavorable for clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Available evidence has provided unprecedented knowledge about the role and mechanisms of chronic stress in carcinogenesis, the most well-known one is dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). With abnormal activation of neuroendocrine system, stress-related hormones contribute to increased oncogenes expression, exacerbated chronic inflammation and impaired immunologic function. In addition, accumulating studies have demonstrated that diverse stress interventions including pharmacological approaches, physical exercises and psychological relaxation have been administered to assist in mental disorders reduction and life quality improvement in cancer patients. In this review, we systematically summarize the connection and mechanisms in the stress-immune-cancer axis identified by animal and clinical studies, as well as conclude the effectiveness and deficiencies of existing stress management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Ning
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhe Huang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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80
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Gao X, Ma K, Yang H, Wang K, Fu B, Zhu Y, She X, Cui B. A rapid, non-invasive method for fatigue detection based on voice information. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994001. [PMID: 36176279 PMCID: PMC9513181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue results from a series of physiological and psychological changes due to continuous energy consumption. It can affect the physiological states of operators, thereby reducing their labor capacity. Fatigue can also reduce efficiency and, in serious cases, cause severe accidents. In addition, it can trigger pathological-related changes. By establishing appropriate methods to closely monitor the fatigue status of personnel and relieve the fatigue on time, operation-related injuries can be reduced. Existing fatigue detection methods mostly include subjective methods, such as fatigue scales, or those involving the use of professional instruments, which are more demanding for operators and cannot detect fatigue levels in real time. Speech contains information that can be used as acoustic biomarkers to monitor physiological and psychological statuses. In this study, we constructed a fatigue model based on the method of sleep deprivation by collecting various physiological indexes, such as P300 and glucocorticoid level in saliva, as well as fatigue questionnaires filled by 15 participants under different fatigue procedures and graded the fatigue levels accordingly. We then extracted the speech features at different instances and constructed a model to match the speech features and the degree of fatigue using a machine learning algorithm. Thus, we established a method to rapidly judge the degree of fatigue based on speech. The accuracy of the judgment based on unitary voice could reach 94%, whereas that based on long speech could reach 81%. Our fatigue detection method based on acoustic information can easily and rapidly determine the fatigue levels of the participants. This method can operate in real time and is non-invasive and efficient. Moreover, it can be combined with the advantages of information technology and big data to expand its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Cui
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun She, ; Bo Cui,
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81
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Stress induces major depressive disorder by a neutral sphingomyelinase 2-mediated accumulation of ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1493-1508. [PMID: 36045177 PMCID: PMC9470690 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a very common, severe disease with a lifetime prevalence of ~ 10%. The pathogenesis of MDD is unknown and, unfortunately, therapy is often insufficient. We have previously reported that ceramide levels are increased in the blood plasma of patients with MDD and in mice with experimental MDD. Here, we demonstrate that ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma are increased in mice with stress-induced MDD. Genetic studies reveal that neutral sphingomyelinase 2 is required for the formation of ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma. Accordingly, induced deficiency of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 prevented mice from the development of stress-induced MDD. Intravenous injection of microparticles from mice with MDD or injection of ceramide-loaded exosomes induced MDD-like behavior in untreated mice, which was abrogated by ex vivo pre-incubation of purified exosomes with anti-ceramide antibodies or ceramidase. Mechanistically, injection of exosomes from mice with MDD or injection of ex vivo ceramide-loaded microparticles inhibited phospholipase D (PLD) in endothelial cells in vitro and in the hippocampus in vivo and thereby decreased phosphatidic acid in the hippocampus, which has been previously shown to mediate MDD by plasma ceramide. In summary, our data indicate that ceramide-enriched exosomes are released by neutral sphingomyelinase 2 into the blood plasma upon stress and mediate stress-induced MDD. KEY MESSAGES: Stress induces ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma. Ceramide-enriched exosomes mediate major depressive disorder (MDD). Deficiency of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 protects from stress-induced MDD. Neutralization or digestion of ceramide in exosomes prevents stress-induced MDD. Ceramide-enriched exosomes inhibit endothelial phospholipase D in the hippocampus.
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82
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Wang C, Shen Y, Ni J, Hu W, Yang Y. Effect of chronic stress on tumorigenesis and development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:485. [PMID: 35974132 PMCID: PMC11071880 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to aggravates tumorigenesis and development. Although the importance of SNS and HPA in maintaining homeostasis has already attracted much attention, there is still a lot remained unknown about the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress influence the occurrence and development of tumor. While some researches have already concluded the mechanisms underlying the effect of chronic stress on tumor, complicated processes of tumor progression resulted in effects of chronic stress on various stages of tumor remains elusive. In this reviews we concluded recent research progresses of chronic stress and its effects on premalignancy, tumorigenesis and tumor development, we comprehensively summarized the molecular mechanisms in between. And we highlight the available treatments and potential therapies for stressed patients with tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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83
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Gong M, Shi R, Liu Y, Ke J, Liu X, Du HZ, Liu CM. Abnormal microglial polarization induced by Arid1a deletion leads to neuronal differentiation deficits. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13314. [PMID: 35854653 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microglia, the prototypical innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are highly plastic and assume their phenotypes dependent on intrinsically genetic, epigenetic regulation or extrinsically microenvironmental cues. Microglia has been recognized as key regulators of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and brain functions. Chromatin accessibility is implicated in immune cell development and functional regulation. However, it is still unknown whether and how chromatin remodelling regulates the phenotypic plasticity of microglia and exerts what kind of effects on NSPCs. METHODS We investigated the role of chromatin accessibility in microglia by deleting chromatin remodelling gene Arid1a using microglia-specific Cx3cr1-cre and Cx3cr1-CreERT2 mice. RNA-seq and ATAC-seq were performed to dissect the molecular mechanisms. In addition, we examined postnatal M1/M2 microglia polarization and analysed neuronal differentiation of NSPCs. Finally, we tested the effects of microglial Arid1a deletion on mouse behaviours. RESULTS Increased chromatin accessibility upon Arid1a ablation resulted in enhanced M1 microglial polarization and weakened M2 polarization, which led to abnormal neurogenesis and anxiety-like behaviours. Switching the polarization state under IL4 stimulation could rescue abnormal neurogenesis, supporting an essential role for chromatin remodeler ARID1A in balancing microglial polarization and brain functions. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies ARID1A as a central regulator of microglia polarization, establishing a mechanistic link between chromatin remodelling, neurogenesis and mouse behaviours, and highlights the potential development of innovative therapeutics exploiting the innate regenerative capacity of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoxi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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84
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Li K, Schön M, Naviaux JC, Monk JM, Alchus-Laiferová N, Wang L, Straka I, Matejička P, Valkovič P, Ukropec J, Tarnopolsky MA, Naviaux RK, Ukropcová B. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma metabolomics of acute endurance exercise. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22408. [PMID: 35713567 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200509r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful new tool in precision medicine. No studies have yet been published on the metabolomic changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by acute endurance exercise. CSF and plasma were collected from 19 young active adults (13 males and 6 females) before and 60 min after a 90-min monitored outdoor run. The median age, BMI, and VO2 max of subjects was 25 years (IQR 22-31), 23.2 kg/m2 (IQR 21.7-24.5), and 47 ml/kg/min (IQR 38-51), respectively. Targeted, broad-spectrum metabolomics was performed by liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In the CSF, purines and pyrimidines accounted for 32% of the metabolic impact after acute endurance exercise. Branch chain amino acids, amino acid neurotransmitters, fatty acid oxidation, phospholipids, and Krebs cycle metabolites traceable to mitochondrial function accounted for another 52% of the changes. A narrow but important channel of metabolic communication was identified between the brain and body by correlation network analysis. By comparing these results to previous work in experimental animal models, we found that over 80% of the changes in the CSF correlated with a cascade of mitochondrial and metabolic changes produced by ATP signaling. ATP is released as a co-neurotransmitter and neuromodulator at every synapse studied to date. By regulating brain mitochondrial function, ATP release was identified as an early step in the kinetic cascade of layered benefits produced by endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jane C Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jonathan M Monk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nikoleta Alchus-Laiferová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Igor Straka
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Matejička
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Valkovič
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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85
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Tryptophan-rich diet ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior in mice: The potential involvement of gut-brain axis. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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86
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Chen J, Li T, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. Integration of Non-Targeted Metabolomics and Targeted Quantitative Analysis to Elucidate the Synergistic Antidepressant Effect of Bupleurum Chinense DC-Paeonia Lactiflora Pall Herb Pair by Regulating Purine Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900459. [PMID: 35847012 PMCID: PMC9280301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC (Chaihu)-Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Baishao) is among the most accepted herb pairs in many classic antidepressant prescriptions. Our previous study has shown that the Chaihu–Baishao herb pair (CBHP) had a better antidepressant effect than Chaihu or Baishao. Nevertheless, the synergistic antidepressant mechanism of this herb pair was not clearly understood. This study aimed to investigate the compatibility mechanism of Chaihu and Baishao for treating depression through a strategy of non-targeted metabolomics combined with targeted quantitative analysis and molecular biology techniques. First, the compatibility effects of CBHP were assessed by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model. Next, cortex metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS) was used to discover the metabolic pathway that was synergistically regulated by CBHP. Based on the results of metabolomics analysis, metabolites were quantitatively validated by UPLC-MS/MS combined with the MRM mode in the crucial metabolic pathway. In addition, the signaling pathway associated with this metabolic pathway was detected by molecular biology techniques to further identify the biological meaning of the crucial metabolite on the synergistic antidepressant effect of CBHP. The antidepressant effect of CBHP was significantly better than that of Chaihu or Baishao single administrated in the behavioral test. According to cortex metabolomics, a total of 21 differential metabolites were screened out, and purine metabolism was selected as the crucial metabolic pathway by the enrichment analysis of differential metabolites. Subsequently, purine metabolism was confirmed as disorder in the CUMS group by targeted quantitative analysis, CBHP regulated more purine metabolites (six) than individual administration (two and two). The results showed that purine metabolism was modulated by CBHP through synergistically decreasing xanthine levels and inhibiting the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to xanthine oxidase (XOD). Finally, the synergistic regulation effect of CBHP on xanthine synthesis was found to be related to inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) production, Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion. The present study demonstrated that the regulation of purine metabolism, the suppression of oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in the cortex were involved in the synergistic antidepressant effect of CBHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tian Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuzhi Zhou,
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87
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Schumacher F, Edwards MJ, Mühle C, Carpinteiro A, Wilson GC, Wilker B, Soddemann M, Keitsch S, Scherbaum N, Müller BW, Lang UE, Linnemann C, Kleuser B, Müller CP, Kornhuber J, Gulbins E. Ceramide levels in blood plasma correlate with major depressive disorder severity and its neutralization abrogates depressive behavior in mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102185. [PMID: 35753355 PMCID: PMC9304786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe disease of unknown pathogenesis that will affect ∼10% of people during their lifetime. Therapy for MDD requires prolonged treatment and often fails, predicating a need for novel treatment strategies. Here, we report increased ceramide levels in the blood plasma of MDD patients and in murine stress-induced models of MDD. These blood plasma ceramide levels correlated with the severity of MDD in human patients and were independent of age, sex, or body mass index. In addition, intravenous injection of anti-ceramide antibodies or neutral ceramidase rapidly abrogated stress-induced MDD, and intravenous injection of blood plasma from mice with MDD induced depression-like behavior in untreated mice, which was abrogated by ex vivo pre-incubation of the plasma with anti-ceramide antibodies or ceramidase. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ceramide accumulated in endothelial cells of the hippocampus of stressed mice, evidenced by the quantitative measurement of ceramide in purified hippocampus endothelial cells. We found ceramide inhibited the activity of phospholipase D (PLD) in endothelial cells in vitro and in the hippocampus in vivo and thereby decreased phosphatidic acid in the hippocampus. Finally, we show intravenous injection of PLD or phosphatidic acid abrogated MDD, indicating the significance of this pathway in MDD pathogenesis. Our data indicate that ceramide controls PLD activity and phosphatidic acid formation in hippocampal endothelial cells and thereby mediates MDD. We propose that neutralization of plasma ceramide could represent a rapid-acting targeted treatment for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Greg C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard W Müller
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department für Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Linnemann
- Department für Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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88
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Basic principles of neuroimmunology. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:685-695. [PMID: 35732977 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The brain is an immune-privileged organ such that immune cell infiltration is highly regulated and better tolerating the introduction of antigen to reduce risk of harmful inflammation. Thus, the composition and the nature of the immune response is fundamentally different in the brain where avoiding immunopathology is prioritized compared to other peripheral organs. While the principle of immune privilege in the central nervous system (CNS) still holds true, the role of the immune system in the CNS has been revisited over the recent years. This redefining of immune privilege in the brain is a result of the recent re-discovery of the extensive CNS meningeal lymphatic system and the identification of resident T cells in the brain, meningeal layers, and its surrounding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in both humans and rodents. While neuro-immune interactions have been classically studied in the context of neuroinflammatory disease, recent works have also elucidated unconventional roles of immune-derived cytokines in neurological function, highlighting the many implications and potential of neuro-immune interactions. As a result, the study of neuro-immune interactions is becoming increasingly important in understanding both CNS homeostasis and disease. Here, we review the anatomically distinct immune compartments within the brain, the known mechanisms of leukocyte trafficking and infiltration into the CNS and unique transcriptional and functional characteristics of CNS-resident immune cells.
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Milaneschi Y, Arnold M, Kastenmüller G, Dehkordi SM, Krishnan RR, Dunlop BW, Rush AJ, Penninx BWJH, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Genomics-based identification of a potential causal role for acylcarnitine metabolism in depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:254-263. [PMID: 35381295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered metabolism of acylcarnitines - transporting fatty acids to mitochondria - may link cellular energy dysfunction to depression. We examined the potential causal role of acylcarnitine metabolism in depression by leveraging genomics and Mendelian randomization. METHODS Summary statistics were obtained from large GWAS: the Fenland Study (N = 9363), and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (246,363 depression cases and 561,190 controls). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses tested the potential causal link of 15 endogenous acylcarnitines with depression. RESULTS In univariable analyses, genetically-predicted lower levels of short-chain acylcarnitines C2 (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 0.95-1.00) and C3 (OR 0.97, 95%CIs 0.96-0.99) and higher levels of medium-chain acylcarnitines C8 (OR 1.04, 95%CIs 1.01-1.06) and C10 (OR 1.04, 95%CIs 1.02-1.06) were associated with increased depression risk. No reverse potential causal role of depression genetic liability on acylcarnitines levels was found. Multivariable analyses showed that the association with depression was driven by the medium-chain acylcarnitines C8 (OR 1.04, 95%CIs 1.02-1.06) and C10 (OR 1.04, 95%CIs 1.02-1.06), suggesting a potential causal role in the risk of depression. Causal estimates for C8 (OR = 1.05, 95%CIs = 1.02-1.07) and C10 (OR = 1.05, 95%CIs = 1.02-1.08) were confirmed in follow-up analyses using genetic instruments derived from a GWAS meta-analysis including up to 16,841 samples. DISCUSSION Accumulation of medium-chain acylcarnitines is a signature of inborn errors of fatty acid metabolism and age-related metabolic conditions. Our findings point to a link between altered mitochondrial energy production and depression pathogenesis. Acylcarnitine metabolism represents a promising access point for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep & Stress program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Ranga R Krishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A John Rush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, Permian Basin, TX, USA
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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90
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Zhang J, Xie J, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Huang J. Anxiolytic effects, metabolism and plasma pharmacokinetics of 3, 6' -disinapoylsucrose. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112913. [PMID: 35367756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
3,6'-disinapoylsucrose (DISS) is a bioactive oligosaccharide ester derived from Polygalae Radix. This study aims to explore the anxiolytic effects of DISS and further reveal the material basis by establishing the pharmacokinetics of DISS and its metabolites. Behavioral experiments such as the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPM) were performed to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of DISS in mice after oral administration. By UPLC-MS/MS analysis, DISS and its metabolites both in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were identified, and the pharmacokinetics of DISS and its metabolites were characterized in SD rats after oral administration of DISS (100 mg·kg-1). Oral DISS could increase the time and frequency of mice entering the central area of the field in OFT and open arm in EPM, which indicated DISS has good anxiolytic effects. We also identified DISS and its metabolites (sinapic acid (SA), 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA), methyl-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (TMCA-CH2), p-Coumaric acid (CA) and p-methoxycinnamic acid (MA)) in rat plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The pharmacokinetic results showed that DISS was rapidly absorbed after administration and reached its highest concentration at 12 min, SA had the highest exposure level in vivo and was probably the main active form of DISS action, TMCA could maintain at a low concentration for a long time. In brief, we reported the anxiolytic effect of DISS firstly, revealed the cerebrospinal fluid distribution and pharmacokinetics of DISS and its metabolites. Our findings provide the basis for further insight into the mechanisms involved in the anxiolytic effects of DISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yulu Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yihong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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91
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Lee HG, Wheeler MA, Quintana FJ. Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in neurological diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:339-358. [PMID: 35173313 PMCID: PMC9081171 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Astrocytes regulate glutamate and ion homeostasis, cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism and respond to environmental factors, all of which have been implicated in neurological diseases. Astrocytes also exhibit significant heterogeneity, driven by developmental programmes and stimulus-specific cellular responses controlled by CNS location, cell-cell interactions and other mechanisms. In this Review, we highlight general mechanisms of astrocyte regulation and their potential as therapeutic targets, including drugs that alter astrocyte metabolism, and therapies that target transporters and receptors on astrocytes. Emerging ideas, such as engineered probiotics and glia-to-neuron conversion therapies, are also discussed. We further propose a concise nomenclature for astrocyte subsets that we use to highlight the roles of astrocytes and specific subsets in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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92
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Cathomas F, Holt LM, Parise EM, Liu J, Murrough JW, Casaccia P, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ. Beyond the neuron: Role of non-neuronal cells in stress disorders. Neuron 2022; 110:1116-1138. [PMID: 35182484 PMCID: PMC8989648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stress disorders are leading causes of disease burden in the U.S. and worldwide, yet available therapies are fully effective in less than half of all individuals with these disorders. Although to date, much of the focus has been on neuron-intrinsic mechanisms, emerging evidence suggests that chronic stress can affect a wide range of cell types in the brain and periphery, which are linked to maladaptive behavioral outcomes. Here, we synthesize emerging literature and discuss mechanisms of how non-neuronal cells in limbic regions of brain interface at synapses, the neurovascular unit, and other sites of intercellular communication to mediate the deleterious, or adaptive (i.e., pro-resilient), effects of chronic stress in rodent models and in human stress-related disorders. We believe that such an approach may one day allow us to adopt a holistic "whole body" approach to stress disorder research, which could lead to more precise diagnostic tests and personalized treatment strategies. Stress is a major risk factor for many psychiatric disorders. Cathomas et al. review new insight into how non-neuronal cells mediate the deleterious effects, as well as the adaptive, protective effects, of stress in rodent models and human stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurin Cathomas
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leanne M Holt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric M Parise
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Program in Biology and Biochemistry at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - James W Murrough
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Program in Biology and Biochemistry at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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93
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Haddad-Tóvolli R, Ramírez S, Muñoz-Moreno E, Milà-Guasch M, Miquel-Rio L, Pozo M, Chivite I, Altirriba J, Obri A, Gómez-Valadés AG, Toledo M, Eyre E, Bortolozzi A, Valjent E, Soria G, Claret M. Food craving-like episodes during pregnancy are mediated by accumbal dopaminergic circuits. Nat Metab 2022; 4:424-434. [PMID: 35379970 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preparation for motherhood requires a myriad of physiological and behavioural adjustments throughout gestation to provide an adequate environment for proper embryonic development1. Cravings for highly palatable foods are highly prevalent during pregnancy2 and contribute to the maintenance and development of gestational overweight or obesity3. However, the neurobiology underlying the distinct ingestive behaviours that result from craving specific foods remain unknown. Here we show that mice, similarly to humans, experience gestational food craving-like episodes. These episodes are associated with a brain connectivity reorganization that affects key components of the dopaminergic mesolimbic circuitry, which drives motivated appetitive behaviours and facilitates the perception of rewarding stimuli. Pregnancy engages a dynamic modulation of dopaminergic signalling through neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens, which directly modulate food craving-like events. Importantly, persistent maternal food craving-like behaviour has long-lasting effects on the offspring, particularly in males, leading to glucose intolerance, increased body weight and increased susceptibility to develop eating disorders and anxiety-like behaviours during adulthood. Our results reveal the cognitively motivated nature of pregnancy food cravings and advocates for moderating emotional eating during gestation to prevent deterioration of the offspring's neuropsychological and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Ramírez
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Moreno
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Milà-Guasch
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Miquel-Rio
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Pozo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Chivite
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia G Gómez-Valadés
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Toledo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Eyre
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guadalupe Soria
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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94
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zou Q, Liu Q. A road map for happiness: The psychological factors related cell types in various parts of human body from single cell RNA-seq data analysis. Comput Biol Med 2022; 143:105286. [PMID: 35183972 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Massive evidence from all sources including zoology, neurobiology and immunology has confirmed that psychological factors can raise remarkable physiological effects. Researchers have long been aware of the potential value of these effects and wanted to harness them in the development of new drugs and therapies, for which the mechanism study is a necessary prerequisite. However, most of these studies are restricted to neuroscience, or starts with blood sample and fall into the area of immunity. In this study, we choose to focus on the psychological factor of happiness, mining existing publicly available single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for the expression of happiness-related genes collected from various sources of literature in all types of cells in the samples, finding that the expression of these genes is not restricted within neuro-regulated cells or tissue-resident immune cells, on the opposite, cell types that are unique to tissue and organ without direct regulation from nervous system account for the majority to express the happiness-related genes. Our research is a preliminary exploration of where our body respond to our mind at cell level, and lays the foundation for more detailed mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital T.C.M Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China; Yangtze Delta Region Institute Quzhou, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Algology, Hospital T.C.M Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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95
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Grotle AK, Darling AM, Saunders EF, Fadel PJ, Trott DW, Greaney JL. Augmented T-cell mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in adults with major depressive disorder. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H568-H574. [PMID: 35179977 PMCID: PMC8917910 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is highest in young adulthood, an effect that has been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, individuals with MDD are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accumulating evidence supports immune system dysregulation as a major contributor to the elevated CVD risk in older adults with MDD; however, whether this is present in young adults with MDD without comorbid disease remains unclear. Interestingly, recent data suggest augmented T-cell mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (T-cell mitoROS) as a potent driver of immune dysregulation in animal models of psychiatric disease. With this background in mind, we tested the hypothesis that young adults with MDD would have augmented T-cell mitoROS and circulating proinflammatory cytokines compared with healthy young adults without MDD (HA). Whole blood was drawn from 14 young adults with MDD (age: 23 ± 2 yr) and 11 HA (age: 22 ± 1 yr). T-cell mitoROS (MitoSOX red; total: CD3+, T-helper: CD4+, T cytotoxic: CD8+) and serum cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Total T-cell mitoROS was significantly greater in adults with MDD compared with HA [median: 14,089 arbitrary units (AU); median: 1,362 AU, P = 0.01]. Likewise, both T-helper and T-cytotoxic cell mitoROS were significantly greater in adults with MDD compared with HA (both: P < 0.05). There were no differences in circulating cytokines between groups (all cytokines: P > 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that elevated T-cell mitoROS may represent an early marker of immune system dysregulation in young, otherwise healthy, adults with MDD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, we provide the first evidence of augmented T-cell mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (T-cell mitoROS) in young, otherwise healthy adults with MDD. Although the elevated T-cell mitoROS did not correspond to a proinflammatory profile, these findings suggest that elevated T-cell mitoROS may be an early marker of immune system dysregulation in young adults with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Erika F Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, and Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Daniel W Trott
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Jody L Greaney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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96
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Beurel E, Medina-Rodriguez EM, Jope RS. Targeting the Adaptive Immune System in Depression: Focus on T Helper 17 Cells. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:373-386. [PMID: 35302045 PMCID: PMC8973514 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a vital need to understand mechanisms contributing to susceptibility to depression to improve treatments for the 11% of Americans who currently suffer from this debilitating disease. The adaptive immune system, comprising T and B cells, has emerged as a potential contributor to depression, as demonstrated in the context of lymphopenic mice. Overall, patients with depression have reduced circulating T and regulatory B cells, "immunosuppressed" T cells, and alterations in the relative abundance of T cell subtypes. T helper (Th) cells have the capacity to differentiate to various lineages depending on the cytokine environment, antigen stimulation, and costimulation. Regulatory T cells are decreased, and the Th1/Th2 ratio and the Th17 cells are increased in patients with depression. Evidence for changes in each Th lineage has been reported to some extent in patients with depression. However, the evidence is strongest for the association of depression with changes in Th17 cells. Th17 cells produce the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A, and the discovery of Th17 cell involvement in depression evolved from the well established link that IL-6, which is required for Th17 cell differentiation, contributes to the onset, and possibly maintenance, of depression. One intriguing action of Th17 cells is their participation in the gut-brain axis to mediate stress responses. Although the mechanisms of action of Th17 cells in depression remain unclear, neutralization of IL-17A by anti-IL-17A antibodies, blocking stress-induced production, or release of gut Th17 cells represent feasible therapeutic approaches and might provide a new avenue to improve depression symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Th17 cells appear as a promising therapeutic target for depression, for which efficacious therapeutic options are limited. The use of neutralizing antibodies targeting Th17 cells has provided encouraging results in depressed patients with comorbid autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (E.B., E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Miller School of Medicine (E.B., R.S.J.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida and Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida (E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.)
| | - Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (E.B., E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Miller School of Medicine (E.B., R.S.J.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida and Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida (E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.)
| | - Richard S Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (E.B., E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Miller School of Medicine (E.B., R.S.J.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida and Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida (E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.)
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97
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IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Müller CE, Cronstein BN, Cunha RA. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:340-372. [PMID: 35302044 PMCID: PMC8973513 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of emerging developments with respect to this G protein-coupled receptor subfamily, including protein structure, protein oligomerization, protein diversity, and allosteric modulation by small molecules. Since then, a wealth of new data and results has been added, allowing us to explore novel concepts such as target binding kinetics and biased signaling of adenosine receptors, to examine a multitude of receptor structures and novel ligands, to gauge new pharmacology, and to evaluate clinical trials with adenosine receptor ligands. This review should therefore be considered a further update of our previous reports from 2001 and 2011. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adenosine receptors (ARs) are of continuing interest for future treatment of chronic and acute disease conditions, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative afflictions, and cancer. The design of AR agonists ("biased" or not) and antagonists is largely structure based now, thanks to the tremendous progress in AR structural biology. The A2A- and A2BAR appear to modulate the immune response in tumor biology. Many clinical trials for this indication are ongoing, whereas an A2AAR antagonist (istradefylline) has been approved as an anti-Parkinson agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan P IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Christa E Müller
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
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98
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Yu Y, Yan W, Yu J, Xu Y, Wang D, Wang Y. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Complains on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students: An Extensive Population-Based Survey in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:842378. [PMID: 35418921 PMCID: PMC8995560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health issues are becoming increasingly prevalent amongst university students. However, research on the psychological profile of the general university population is relatively limited. Thus, this study analyses the current state of university students' psychological conditions; the demographic differences in depression, anxiety, and stress and the influencing factors. The objectives are to provide additional appropriate guidance in mental health for university students with different demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study of 6,032 university students nationwide was conducted from October 2020 to January 2021. A randomized whole-group sampling method was used to select the study participants, and the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) was used. P < 0.05 in the final model were considered statistically significant. The number of university students with no complain of depression, anxiety, or stress was 3,751 (62.2%). The odds of developing complain of depression were higher amongst anxious respondents (AOR = 23.417, 95% CI: 19.706, 27.826) and senior year (AOR = 2.210, 95% CI: 1.657, 2.947) than their counterparts. Students with "myopia" were 1.263 times more likely to be anxious (AOR = 1.263, 95% CI: 1.042-1.530). In terms of "impaired" or not, impaired is defined as any injury, such as sprain, strain, and fracture, "impaired" university students were 1.321 times more likely to be anxious (AOR = 1.321, 95% CI: 1.064-1.641). Furthermore, history of impairment and myopia increased the odds of stress by 1.305 (AOR = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.022-1.667) and 1.305 (AOR = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.012-1.683), respectively. Myopia, physical-activity-related injury (PARI) and irrational eating habits are risk factors for complain of anxiety and stress. Males, upper grades, low parental education, and irrational eating habits are risk factors for complain of depression. Low physical activity levels are also an influential factor for complain of depression. DASS consists of interchangeable risk factors and multiple complains of DASS may coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangwang Yan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiadan Yu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Xu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Medicine, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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99
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Xu M, Tian P, Zhu H, Zou R, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM1229 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCFM1228 Alleviated Depression- and Anxiety-Related Symptoms of Chronic Stress-Induced Depression in Mice by Regulating Xanthine Oxidase Activity in the Brain. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061294. [PMID: 35334950 PMCID: PMC8953819 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mood disorder that affects around 350 million people worldwide. We studied the effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus strains for the treatment of depression. Except for control group (n = 8), C57BL/6J mice were treated with Lactobacillus during six weeks of chronic unpredictable stress (depression group: n = 9, Lactobacillus intervention group: n = 7). L. paracasei CCFM1229 and L. rhamnosus CCFM1228 significantly reduced depressive behaviour in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, significantly reduced anxiety behaviour in the open field test, and reduced anxiety behaviour in the marble burying test and light/dark box test. L. paracasei CCFM1229 and L. rhamnosus CCFM1228 significantly increased the brain serotonin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations, and CCFM1229 significantly decreased the serum corticosterone concentration, all of which are closely associated with the relief of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, CCFM1229 and CCFM1228 were shown to regulate purine metabolism in mice, as indicated by decreases in brain xanthine oxidase activity and an increase in liver adenosine deaminase activity. Anxiety- and depression-related indicators were significantly associated with xanthine oxidase activity in the cerebral cortex. The strains CCFM1229 and CCFM1228 reduced anxiety- and depression-related behaviour in a mouse model of chronic stress-induced depression, which may be achieved by regulating the activity of brain xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.X.); (P.T.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.X.); (P.T.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huiyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.X.); (P.T.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Renying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.X.); (P.T.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.X.); (P.T.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.X.); (P.T.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.X.); (P.T.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-85912155
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.X.); (P.T.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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100
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Huang D, Wang L, Wu Y, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. Metabolomics Based on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Dissect the Mechanisms of Chaigui Granules for Treating Depression. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8466-8482. [PMID: 35309492 PMCID: PMC8928523 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chaigui granules were a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation with antidepressant effects derived from a famous antidepressant prescription. It was of great significance to clarify the antidepressant mechanism of Chaigui granules for the clinical application of this drug. In this study, a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression model was successfully established, and behavioral indicators were used to evaluate the antidepressant effect. Second, the CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels were detected in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, the amount of inflammatory cytokines was determined in serum. Correspondingly, LC/MS-based peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) metabolomics was used to investigate vital metabolic pathways participating in the antidepressive effects of Chaigui granules. Finally, bioinformatics technology was further employed to discover the potential antidepressant mechanism of Chaigui granules regulating the immune system. The results suggested that the administration of Chaigui granules significantly improved CUMS-induced depressive symptoms. Chaigui granules could improve immune function by regulating T lymphocyte subsets, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-2 and IL-10, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, metabolomics results of PBMCs showed that Chaigui granules improved 14 of the 25 potential biomarkers induced by CUMS. Metabolic pathway analyses indicated that purine metabolism was the critical metabolic pathway regulated by Chaigui granules. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that 13 key biomarkers were related to immune-related indicators. The metabolite-gene network of 13 key biomarkers was investigated by using bioinformatics. The investigation showed that 10 targets (5'-nucleotidase ecto; 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IB; 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II; etc.), mainly belong to the purine metabolism, might be potential targets for Chaigui granules to exert their antidepressant effects by improving immune function impairment. Together, our results suggested that Chaigui granules might exert antidepressant effects by improving immune function and regulating the purine metabolic pathway in PBMCs. This work used PBMCs metabolomics as an entry point to study the antidepressant mechanism of Chaigui granules, which provided a new way to elucidate the mechanism of a traditional Chinese medicine prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Huang
- Modern
Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM
of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Modern
Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM
of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Department
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Hospital
of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze District, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern
Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM
of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern
Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM
of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern
Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM
of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
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