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β-Elemene Attenuates Renal Fibrosis in the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model by Inhibition of STAT3 and Smad3 Signaling via Suppressing MyD88 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105553. [PMID: 35628363 PMCID: PMC9143890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a chronic pathological process that seriously endangers human health. However, the current therapeutic options for this disease are extremely limited. Previous studies have shown that signaling factors such as JAK2/STAT3, Smad3, and Myd88 play a regulatory role in renal fibrosis, and β-elemene is a plant-derived sesquiterpenoid organic compound that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, the anti-fibrotic effect of β-elemene was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. It was shown that β-elemene inhibited the synthesis of extracellular matrix-related proteins in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice, and TGF-β stimulated rat interstitial fibroblast cells, including α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and connective tissue growth factor, etc. Further experiments showed that β-elemene reduced the expression levels of the above-mentioned fibrosis-related proteins by blocking the phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3, Smad3, and the expression or up-regulation of MyD88. Notably, knockdown of MyD88 attenuated the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and Smad3 in TGF-β stimulated NRK49F cell, which may be a novel molecular mechanism by which β-elemene affects renal interstitial fibrosis. In conclusion, this study elucidated the anti-interstitial fibrosis effect of β-elemene, which provides a new direction for future research and development of drugs related to chronic kidney disease.
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Wang WK, Wang B, Cao XH, Liu YS. Spironolactone alleviates myocardial fibrosis via inhibition of Ets‑1 in mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:369. [PMID: 35495592 PMCID: PMC9019666 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spironolactone improves cardiac structure, function and prognosis in patients with heart failure and delays the progression of cardiac fibrosis. However, the exact underlying mechanism of this process remains to be elucidated. The present study therefore aimed to explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of the aldosterone receptor antagonist, spironolactone, on myocardial fibrosis in mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). The EAM model was induced in BALB/c mice via immunization with murine cardiac α-myosin heavy chain sequence polypeptides. The cardiac function of the mice was assessed using echocardiography and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified using ELISA. E26 transformation-specific sequence-1 (Ets-1) expression was knocked down using lentivirus-mediated small interference RNA. Total collagen deposition was assessed using Masson's trichrome and Ets-1, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, collagen I and III protein expression levels were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression levels and activity was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and gelatin zymography, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that spironolactone significantly improved myocardium hypertrophy, diastolic cardiac function and decreased myocardial inflammation and collagen deposition induced by EAM. Spironolactone treatment significantly inhibited Ets-1 and smad2/3 phosphorylation. In addition, inhibition of Ets-1 reduced the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and decreased cardiac fibrosis in EAM mice. The results indicated that the improvement of myocardial fibrosis by spironolactone may be associated with the TGF-β1/Smad-2/3/Ets-1 signaling pathway in EAM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Hu Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Liu X, Zhou J, Zhang B, Liu G, Hu Q, Chen J. Lysine demethylase 3A is a positive regulator of cardiac myofibroblast transdifferentiation that increases Smad3 phosphorylation following transforming growth factor beta1 stimulation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3177-3185. [PMID: 35113304 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenetic modifier molecule lysine demethylase 3A (KDM3A) has been shown to help ameliorate cardiovascular diseases, but its effect on cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed gain- and loss-of-function experiments to investigate the biological functions of KDM3A in CFs. Moreover, we used SIS3-HCl (a specific inhibitor of p-Smad3) to explore the underlying mechanism. Cell viability and migration were verified by CCK-8 and cell migration experiments, respectively, and the degree of fibrosis was measured by Western blot analysis. Our data revealed that KDM3A enhanced the proliferation and migration of CFs and increased the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition while enabling the Smad3 phosphorylation response to transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. However, these effects were abolished by SIS3-HCl. Furthermore, KDM3A inhibition obviously protected against cardiac myofibroblast transdifferentiation under TGFβ1 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS KDM3A may act as a novel regulator of cardiac myofibroblast transdifferentiation through its ability to modulate the phosphorylation of Smad3 following TGFβ1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jining Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bofang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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54
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Hong JH, Zhang HG. Transcription Factors Involved in the Development and Prognosis of Cardiac Remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828549. [PMID: 35185581 PMCID: PMC8849252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To compensate increasing workload, heart must work harder with structural changes, indicated by increasing size and changing shape, causing cardiac remodeling. However, pathological and unlimited compensated cardiac remodeling will ultimately lead to decompensation and heart failure. In the past decade, numerous studies have explored many signaling pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, but the complete mechanism of cardiac remodeling is still unrecognized, which hinders effective treatment and drug development. As gene transcriptional regulators, transcription factors control multiple cellular activities and play a critical role in cardiac remodeling. This review summarizes the regulation of fetal gene reprogramming, energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy in cardiomyocytes and myofibroblast activation of cardiac fibroblasts by transcription factors, with an emphasis on their potential roles in the development and prognosis of cardiac remodeling.
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55
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Hu L, Wang Y, Wan Y, Ma L, Zhao T, Li P. Tangshen Formula Improves Diabetes-Associated Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smads and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:732042. [PMID: 34938743 PMCID: PMC8687440 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.732042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has become the main cause of death among complications of diabetes. Myocardial fibrosis is a crucial pathological change of cardiovascular disease. Tangshen Formula (TSF) shows a good clinical effect in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, whether TSF alleviates diabetes-associated myocardial fibrosis is still unknown. In the present research, we studied the effect and mechanism of TSF in the treatment of myocardial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. We found that TSF treatment significantly downregulates myocardial fibrosis-related markers, including collagens I and III, and α-SMA. TSF also protects primary mouse cardiac fibroblast (CF) from transforming growth factor-β1- (TGF-β1-) induced damage. Moreover, TSF decreased the expression levels of TGF-β/Smad-related genes (α-SMA, collagens I and III, TGF-β1, and pSmad2/3), and increased Smad7 gene expression. Finally, TSF decreased the expressions of wnt1, active-β-catenin, FN, and MMP7 to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, TSF seems to attenuate myocardial fibrosis in KKAy mice by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad2/3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhou Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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56
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Zeng N, Huang YQ, Yan YM, Hu ZQ, Zhang Z, Feng JX, Guo JS, Zhu JN, Fu YH, Wang XP, Zhang MZ, Duan JZ, Zheng XL, Xu JD, Shan ZX. Diverging targets mediate the pathological roleof miR-199a-5p and miR-199a-3p by promoting cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1035-1050. [PMID: 34786209 PMCID: PMC8571541 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-199a-5p (miR-199a-5p) and -3p are enriched in the myocardium, but it is unknown whether miR-199a-5p and -3p are co-expressed in cardiac remodeling and what roles they have in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. We show that miR-199a-5p and -3p are co-upregulated in the mouse and human myocardium with cardiac remodeling and in Ang-II-treated neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). miR-199a-5p and -3p could aggravate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) were identified as target genes to mediate miR-199a-5p in promoting both cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. However, miR-199a-3p aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through targeting RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (Rb1) and Smad1, respectively. Serum response factor and nuclear factor κB p65 participated in the upregulation of miR-199a-5p and -3p in Ang-II-treated NMVCs and mouse CFs, and could be conversely elevated by miR-199a-5p and -3p. Together, Ppargc1a and Sirt1, Rb1 and Smad1 mediated the pathological effect of miR-199a-5p and -3p by promoting cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, respectively. This study suggests a possible new strategy for cardiac remodeling therapy by inhibiting miR-199a-5p and -3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu-Qing Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Min Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Xin Feng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ji-Shen Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jie-Ning Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong-Heng Fu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xi-Pei Wang
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Meng-Zhen Zhang
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Duan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jin-Dong Xu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Shan
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
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57
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Liu H, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Yan Y, Zhao X, Wei Q, Ma B. NF-κB-Dependent Snail Expression Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mastitis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123422. [PMID: 34944199 PMCID: PMC8698035 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mastitis is a common and important clinical disease in ruminants, resulting in decreased milk production, infertility and delayed conception. If not treated promptly, mastitis may result in fibrotic mastitis. Although epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a typical characteristic of fibrotic diseases, the relationship between EMT and mastitis remains largely unknown. NF-κB and Snail are key regulators of the EMT. In the present study, we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced EMT in primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). Additionally, the expression of Snail was induced by LPS and was inhibited by the suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The knockdown of Snail alleviated LPS-induced EMT and altered the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we found that the expression of key molecules of the TLR4/NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway was increased in mastitic tissues. This study provides evidence that LPS induces EMT in GMECs through the TLR4/NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway and lays a theoretical foundation for further exploration of the pathological mechanism and treatment of mastitis. Abstract Mastitis is a common and important clinical disease in ruminants. This may be associated with inflammatory fibrosis if not treated promptly. Inflammation-derived fibrosis is usually accompanied by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying mastitis-induced fibrosis remains unclear. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and Snail are key regulators of EMT. In this study, primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) were treated with 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 14 d to mimic the in vivo mastitis environment. After LPS treatment, the GMECs underwent mesenchymal morphological transformation and expressed mesenchymal cell markers. Snail expression was induced by LPS and was inhibited by suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Snail knockdown alleviated LPS-induced EMT and altered the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we found that the expression of key molecules of the TLR4/NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway was increased in mastitis tissues. These results suggest that Snail plays a vital role in LPS-induced EMT in GMECs and that the mechanism is dependent on the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yutong Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (B.M.)
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (B.M.)
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La Civita E, Liotti A, Cennamo M, Crocetto F, Ferro M, Liguoro P, Cimmino A, Imbimbo C, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Terracciano D. Peri-Prostatic Adipocyte-Released TGFβ Enhances Prostate Cancer Cell Motility by Upregulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111692. [PMID: 34829922 PMCID: PMC8615771 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) has emerged as a key player in the prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment. In this study, we evaluated the ability of PPAT to promote PCa cell migration, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS We collected conditioned mediums from in vitro differentiated adipocytes isolated from PPAT taken from PCa patients during radical prostatectomy. Migration was studied by scratch assay. RESULTS Culture with CM of human PPAT (AdipoCM) promotes migration in two different human androgen-independent (AI) PCa cell lines (DU145 and PC3) and upregulated the expression of CTGF. SB431542, a well-known TGFβ receptor inhibitor, counteracts the increased migration observed in presence of AdipoCM and decreased CTGF expression, suggesting that a paracrine secretion of TGFβ by PPAT affects motility of PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study showed that factors secreted by PPAT enhanced migration through CTGF upregulation in AI PCa cell lines. These findings reveal the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting adipocyte-released factors and TGFβ/CTGF axis to fight advanced PCa dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Michele Cennamo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Liguoro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysic, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (D.T.)
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59
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Snyder LB, Lai Y, Doviak H, Freeburg LA, Laney VK, Moore A, Zellars KN, Matesic LE, Spinale FG. Ubiquitin ligase Wwp1 gene deletion attenuates diastolic dysfunction in pressure-overload hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H976-H984. [PMID: 34559578 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00032.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with a preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFpEF) often arises from a prolonged LV pressure overload (LVPO) and accompanied by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 is a fundamental determinant ECM turnover. We tested the hypothesis that genetic ablation of Wwp1 would alter the progression of LVPO-induced HFpEF. LV echocardiography in mice with global Wwp1 deletion (n = 23; Wwp1-/-) was performed at 12 wk of age (baseline) and then at 2 and 4 wk following LVPO (transverse aortic banding) or surgery without LVPO induction. Age-matched wild-type mice (Wwp1+/+; n = 23) underwent identical protocols. LV EF remained constant and unchanged with LVPO and LV mass increased in both groups but was lower in the Wwp1-/- mice. With LVPO, the E/A ratio, an index of LV filling, was 3.97 ± 0.46 in Wwp1+/+ but was 1.73 ± 0.19 in the Wwp1-/- group (P < 0.05). At the transcriptional level, mRNA for fibrillar collagens (types I and III) decreased by approximately 50% in Wwp1-/- compared with the Wwp1+/+ group at 4 wk post-LVPO (P < 0.05) and was paralleled by a similar difference in LV fibrillar collagen content as measured by histochemistry. Moreover, mRNA levels for determinants favoring ECM accumulation, such as transforming growth factor (TGF), increased with LVPO, but were lower in the Wwp1-/- group. The absence of Wwp1 reduced the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and subsequent progression to HFpEF. Modulating the WWP1 pathway could be a therapeutic target to alter the natural history of HFpEF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heart failure with a preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFpEF) often arises from a prolonged LV pressure overload (LVPO) and is accompanied by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. It is now recognized that the ECM is a dynamic entity that is regulated at multiple post-transcriptional levels, including the E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as WWP1. In the present study, WWP1 deletion in the context of an LVPO stimulus reduced functional indices of HFpEF progression and determinants of ECM remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/surgery
- Diastole
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Female
- Fibrillar Collagens/genetics
- Fibrillar Collagens/metabolism
- Gene Deletion
- Heart Failure/enzymology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Ventricles/enzymology
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Time Factors
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/deficiency
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Snyder
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Yimu Lai
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Heather Doviak
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Lisa A Freeburg
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Valerie K Laney
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Amber Moore
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kia N Zellars
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Lydia E Matesic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Columbia, South Carolina
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60
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Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Fibrosis of the diabetic heart: Clinical significance, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113904. [PMID: 34331987 PMCID: PMC8444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, myocardial fibrosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, increasing ventricular stiffness and delaying conduction. Diabetic myocardial fibrosis involves effects of hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance on cardiac fibroblasts, directly resulting in increased matrix secretion, and activation of paracrine signaling in cardiomyocytes, immune and vascular cells, that release fibroblast-activating mediators. Neurohumoral pathways, cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and matricellular proteins have been implicated in diabetic fibrosis; however, the molecular links between the metabolic perturbations and activation of a fibrogenic program remain poorly understood. Although existing therapies using glucose- and lipid-lowering agents and neurohumoral inhibition may act in part by attenuating myocardial collagen deposition, specific therapies targeting the fibrotic response are lacking. This review manuscript discusses the clinical significance, molecular mechanisms and cell biology of diabetic cardiac fibrosis and proposes therapeutic targets that may attenuate the fibrotic response, preventing heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
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61
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Schussler O, Chachques JC, Alifano M, Lecarpentier Y. Key Roles of RGD-Recognizing Integrins During Cardiac Development, on Cardiac Cells, and After Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:179-203. [PMID: 34342855 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through integrin mechanoreceptors that control many cellular events such as cell survival, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Integrins play a crucial role in cardiac development as well as in cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Integrins recognize oligopeptides present on ECM proteins and are involved in three main types of interaction, namely with collagen, laminin, and the oligopeptide RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) present on vitronectin and fibronectin proteins. To date, the specific role of integrins recognizing the RGD has not been addressed. In this review, we examine their role during cardiac development, their role on cardiac cells, and their upregulation during pathological processes such as heart fibrosis and hypertrophy. We also examine their role in regenerative and angiogenic processes after myocardial infarction (MI) in the peri-infarct area. Specific targeting of these integrins may be a way of controlling some of these pathological events and thereby improving medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Schussler
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Juan C Chachques
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Pompidou Hospital, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, University Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1138 Team "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", Cordeliers Research Center, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
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62
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Czubryt MP, Hale TM. Cardiac fibrosis: Pathobiology and therapeutic targets. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110066. [PMID: 34146658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characteristic of the end stage in nearly all forms of heart disease. Accumulation of extracellular matrix in the myocardium leads to increased risk of arrhythmia and impaired cardiac function, and ultimately progression to heart failure. Despite the critical need to slow or reverse development of cardiac fibrosis to maintain cardiac function, there are no approved therapies that directly target the extracellular matrix. Research into the underlying causes and therapeutic targets has been hampered, in part, by the lack of a clear marker for cardiac fibroblasts - the cells responsible for regulating extracellular matrix turnover. Lineage tracing studies as well as single-cell RNA sequencing studies have provided new insights into cardiac fibroblast origins and heterogeneity. Moreover, a greater understanding of pathways governing fibroblast activation during ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac remodeling and their communication with other inflammatory and cardiac cells may lead to novel therapeutic targets to slow or reverse fibrotic remodeling. The special issue of Cellular Signaling entitled "Cardiac Fibrosis: Pathobiology and Therapeutic Targets" is comprised of review articles in which these topics, as well as important open questions for future investigation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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63
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de Oliveira Camargo R, Abual'anaz B, Rattan SG, Filomeno KL, Dixon IMC. Novel factors that activate and deactivate cardiac fibroblasts: A new perspective for treatment of cardiac fibrosis. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:667-677. [PMID: 34076932 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease with attendant cardiac fibrosis kills more patients in developed countries than any other disease, including cancer. We highlight the recent literature on factors that activate and also deactivate cardiac fibroblasts. Activation of cardiac fibroblasts results in myofibroblasts phenotype which incorporates aSMA to stress fibres, express ED-A fibronectin, elevated PDGFRα and are hypersecretory ECM components. These cells facilitate both acute wound healing (infarct site) and chronic cardiac fibrosis. Quiescent fibroblasts are associated with normal myocardial tissue and provide relatively slow turnover of the ECM. Deactivation of activated myofibroblasts is a much less studied phenomenon. In this context, SKI is a known negative regulator of TGFb1 /Smad signalling, and thus may share functional similarity to PPARγ activation. The discovery of SKI's potent anti-fibrotic role, and its ability to deactivate and/or myofibroblasts is featured and contrasted with PPARγ. While myofibroblasts are typically recruited from pools of potential precursor cells in a variety of organs, the importance of activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts has been recently emphasised. Myofibroblasts deposit ECM components at an elevated rate and contribute to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction with attendant cardiac fibrosis. A major knowledge gap exists as to specific proteins that may signal for fibroblast deactivation. As SKI may be a functionally pluripotent protein, we suggest that it serves as a scaffold to proteins other than R-Smads and associated Smad signal proteins, and thus its anti-fibrotic effects may extend beyond binding R-Smads. While cardiac fibrosis is causal to heart failure, the treatment of cardiac fibrosis is hampered by the lack of availability of effective pharmacological anti-fibrotic agents. The current review will provide an overview of work highlighting novel factors which cause fibroblast activation and deactivation to underscore putative therapeutic avenues for improving disease outcomes in cardiac patients with fibrosed hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca de Oliveira Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Besher Abual'anaz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sunil G Rattan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Krista L Filomeno
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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64
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Zhang Y, Lin X, Chu Y, Chen X, Du H, Zhang H, Xu C, Xie H, Ruan Q, Lin J, Liu J, Zeng J, Ma K, Chai D. Dapagliflozin: a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrotic remodeling by regulating TGFβ1/Smad signaling. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:121. [PMID: 34116674 PMCID: PMC8196449 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac remodeling is one of the major risk factors for heart failure. In patients with type 2 diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of the first hospitalization for heart failure, possibly through glucose-independent mechanisms in part, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to shed light on the efficacy of dapagliflozin in reducing cardiac remodeling and potential mechanisms. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, induced by chronic infusion of Angiotensin II (Ang II) at a dose of 520 ng/kg per minute for 4 weeks with ALZET® mini-osmotic pumps, were treated with either SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with Ang II (1 μM) with or without the indicated concentration (0.5, 1, 10 μM) of DAPA. The protein levels of collagen and TGF-β1/Smad signaling were measured along with body weight, and blood biochemical indexes. RESULTS DAPA pretreatment resulted in the amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction in Ang II-infused SD rats without affecting blood glucose and blood pressure. Myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and increased collagen synthesis caused by Ang II infusion were significantly inhibited by DAPA pretreatment. In vitro, DAPA inhibit the Ang II-induced collagen production of CFs. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from chronic Ang II-infused rats revealed that DAPA inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling. CONCLUSION DAPA ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling in a non-glucose-lowering dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Antifibrotic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Smad Proteins/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Echocardiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yong Chu
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Heng Du
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Changsheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qinyun Ruan
- Echocardiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jinxiu Lin
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jinzhang Zeng
- School of Pharmacy College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Dajun Chai
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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He Y, Cai Y, Pai PM, Ren X, Xia Z. The Causes and Consequences of miR-503 Dysregulation and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629611. [PMID: 33762949 PMCID: PMC7982518 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational repression. Accumulated studies have demonstrated that miRs participate in various biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and development, and the dysregulation of miRs expression are involved in different human diseases, such as neurological, cardiovascular disease and cancer. microRNA-503 (miR-503), one member of miR-16 family, has been studied widely in cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the studies of miR-503 in vitro and in vivo, and how miR-503 regulates gene expression from different aspects of pathological processes of diseases, including carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue fibrosis and oxidative stress; We will also discuss the mechanisms of dysregulation of miR-503, and whether miR-503 could be applied as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pearl Mingchu Pai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinling Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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