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Paternal Methyl Donor Supplementation in Rats Improves Fertility, Physiological Outcomes, Gut Microbial Signatures and Epigenetic Markers Altered by High Fat/High Sucrose Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020689. [PMID: 33445606 PMCID: PMC7826956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of high fat/sucrose (HF/S) diets has contributed to rising rates of obesity and its co-morbidities globally, while also negatively impacting male reproductive health. Our objective was to examine whether adding a methyl donor cocktail to paternal HF/S diet (HF/S+M) improves health status in fathers and offspring. From 3–12 weeks of age, male Sprague Dawley rats consumed a HF/S or HF/S+M diet. Offspring were followed until 16 weeks of age. Body composition, metabolic markers, gut microbiota, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and microRNA expression were measured in fathers and offspring. Compared to HF/S, paternal HF/S+M diet reduced fat mass in offspring (p < 0.005). HF/S+M fathers consumed 16% fewer kcal/day, which persisted in HF/S+M female offspring and was explained in part by changes in serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels. Compared to HF/S, HF/S+M fathers had a 33% improvement in days until conception and 300% fewer stillbirths. In fathers, adipose tissue DNMT3a and hepatic miR-34a expression were reduced with HF/S+M. Adult male offspring showed upregulated miR-24, -33, -122a and -143 expression while females exhibited downregulated miR-33 expression. Fathers and offspring presented differences in gut microbial signatures. Supplementing a paternal HF/S diet with methyl-donors improved fertility, physiological outcomes, epigenetic and gut microbial signatures intergenerationally.
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Wang Q, Pan Y, Zhao B, Qiao L, Liu J, Liang Y, Liu W. MiR-33a inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of ovine adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells by targeting SIRT6. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106513. [PMID: 32653737 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is important for the regulation of energy balance through its metabolic, cellular, and endocrine functions. Furthermore, the excessive storage of subcutaneous fat can seriously affect the health and carcass traits of domestic animals. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell adipogenic differentiation increases the number of differentiated adipocytes and plays a role in lipid deposition. The adipogenic differentiation of SVF cells is regulated by various factors, including microRNAs and cytokines. Sirt6 and miR-33a are known to be involved in metabolism and adipogenesis, respectively; however, their effects on the adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVF cells were previously unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate this. The results showed that SIRT6 is a binding target for miR-33a. Moreover, overexpression or inhibition of miR-33a was found to change the expression of SIRT6 messenger RNA and protein. Furthermore, modulating SIRT6 altered the expression of adipogenic marker genes. In addition, miR-33a and SIRT6 were found to play opposing roles in adipogenesis. Specifically, we demonstrated that miR-33a is involved in the negative regulation of ovine SVF cell adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting the expression of SIRT6. These findings reveal a key role for miR-33a and SIRT6 in adipogenesis, which will enrich our understanding of the regulatory factors associated with SVF cell adipogenic differentiation and provide a basis for further study on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Y Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - B Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - L Qiao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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MicroRNA Modulation by Dietary Supplements in Obesity. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120545. [PMID: 33261062 PMCID: PMC7759905 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last decades. Weight loss obtained through diet and exercise leads to a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality. Recently, there has been growing interest in the possible beneficial effects of dietary supplements (DSs), including polyphenols, fatty acids, and other plant-derived substances, as adjuvants in the management of obesity and metabolic diseases. Specifically, polyphenols, widely spread in vegetables and fruits, significantly modulate adipose tissue activities, contrasting inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity in preclinical and clinical studies. Remarkably, polyphenols are involved in complex microRNA networks, which play crucial roles in metabolic processes. The administration of different polyphenols and other plant-derived compounds led to significant changes in the microRNA expression profile in peripheral tissues in a growing number of preclinical studies. In particular, these compounds were able to revert obesity-induced microRNA dysregulation, leading to the inhibition of adipogenesis and the induction of weight loss. Furthermore, through microRNA modulation, they attenuated key metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance and lipid anomalies, in animal models of obesity. Some of them were also able to reduce proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence about the effect of plant-derived DSs on microRNA expression in obesity.
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Gharanei S, Shabir K, Brown JE, Weickert MO, Barber TM, Kyrou I, Randeva HS. Regulatory microRNAs in Brown, Brite and White Adipose Tissue. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112489. [PMID: 33207733 PMCID: PMC7696849 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of short noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNA, inducing translational repression and messenger RNA degradation. This regulation of gene expression by miRNAs in adipose tissue (AT) can impact on the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis, particularly considering the different types of adipocytes which exist in mammals, i.e., white adipocytes (white AT; WAT), brown adipocytes (brown AT; BAT), and inducible brown adipocytes in WAT (beige or brite or brown-in-white adipocytes). Indeed, an increasing number of miRNAs has been identified to regulate key signaling pathways of adipogenesis in BAT, brite AT, and WAT by acting on transcription factors that promote or inhibit adipocyte differentiation. For example, MiR-328, MiR-378, MiR-30b/c, MiR-455, MiR-32, and MiR-193b-365 activate brown adipogenesis, whereas MiR-34a, MiR-133, MiR-155, and MiR-27b are brown adipogenesis inhibitors. Given that WAT mainly stores energy as lipids, whilst BAT mainly dissipates energy as heat, clarifying the effects of miRNAs in different types of AT has recently attracted significant research interest, aiming to also develop novel miRNA-based therapies against obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related diseases. Therefore, this review presents an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the role of key regulatory miRNAs in BAT, brite AT, and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seley Gharanei
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kiran Shabir
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
| | - James E. Brown
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Thomas M. Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), are noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecules involved in gene regulation. sRNAs play important roles in development; however, their significance in nutritional control and as metabolic modulators is still emerging. The mechanisms by which diet impacts metabolic genes through miRNAs remain an important area of inquiry. Recent work has established how miRNAs are transported in body fluids often within exosomes, which are small cell-derived vesicles that function in intercellular communication. The abundance of other recently identified ncRNAs and new insights regarding ncRNAs as dietary bioactive compounds could remodel our understanding about how foods impact gene expression. Although controversial, some groups have shown that dietary RNAs from plants and animals (i.e., milk) are functional in consumers. In the future, regulating sRNAs either directly through dietary delivery or indirectly by altered expression of endogenous sRNA may be part of nutritional interventions for regulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNeill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human and Molecular Genetics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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Wilkinson M, Sinclair P, Dellatorre-Teixeira L, Swan P, Brennan E, Moran B, Wedekind D, Downey P, Sheahan K, Conroy E, Gallagher WM, Docherty N, le Roux C, Brennan DJ. The Molecular Effects of a High Fat Diet on Endometrial Tumour Biology. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090188. [PMID: 32927694 PMCID: PMC7554710 DOI: 10.3390/life10090188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to validate the BDII/Han rat model as a model for diet-induced obesity in endometrial cancer (EC) and determine if transcriptomic changes induced by a high fat diet (HFD) in an EC rat model can be used to identify novel biomarkers in human EC. Nineteen BDII/Han rats were included. Group A (n = 7) were given ad lib access to a normal calorie, normal chow diet (NCD) while Group B (n = 12) were given ad lib access to a calorie rich HFD for 15 months. RNAseq was performed on endometrial tumours from both groups. The top-ranking differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were examined in the human EC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess if the BDII/Han rat model is an appropriate model for human obesity-induced carcinogenesis. Weight gain in HFD rats was double the weight gain of NCD rats (50 g vs. 25 g). The incidence of cancer was similar in both groups (4/7-57% vs. 4/12-33%; p = 0.37). All tumours were equivalent to a Stage 1A, Grade 2 human endometrioid carcinoma. A total of 368 DEGs were identified between the tumours in the HFD group compared to the NCD group. We identified two upstream regulators of the DEGs, mir-33 and Brd4, and a pathway analysis identified downstream enrichment of the colorectal cancer metastasis and ovarian cancer metastasis pathways. Top-ranking DEGs included Tex14, A2M, Hmgcs2, Adamts5, Pdk4, Crabp2, Capn12, Npw, Idi1 and Gpt. A2M expression was decreased in HFD tumours. Consistent with these findings, we found a significant negative correlation between A2M mRNA expression levels and BMI in the TCGA cohort (Spearman's Rho = -0.263, p < 0.001). A2M expression was associated with improved overall survival (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.9, p = 0.024). Crabp2 expression was increased in HFD tumours. In human EC, CRABP2 expression was associated with reduced overall survival (HR = 3.554, 95% CI 1.875-6.753, p < 0.001). Diet-induced obesity can alter EC transcriptomic profiles. The BDII/Han rat model is a suitable model of diet-induced obesity in endometrial cancer and can be used to identify clinically relevant biomarkers in human EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wilkinson
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, UCD School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae Universtity Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, D07 AX57 Dublin, Ireland;
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (P.S.); (L.D.-T.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (N.D.)
| | - Piriyah Sinclair
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (P.S.); (L.D.-T.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (N.D.)
| | - Ludmilla Dellatorre-Teixeira
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (P.S.); (L.D.-T.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (N.D.)
| | - Patrick Swan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (P.S.); (L.D.-T.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (N.D.)
| | - Eoin Brennan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (P.S.); (L.D.-T.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (N.D.)
| | - Bruce Moran
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, D04 YN63 Dublin, Ireland; (B.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Biomedical Facility, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany;
| | - Paul Downey
- Department of Pathology, National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin 2, D02 YH21 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, D04 YN63 Dublin, Ireland; (B.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Emer Conroy
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutic Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science Ireland, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (E.C.); (W.M.G.)
| | - William M. Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutic Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science Ireland, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (E.C.); (W.M.G.)
| | - Neil Docherty
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (P.S.); (L.D.-T.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (N.D.)
| | - Carel le Roux
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (P.S.); (L.D.-T.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (N.D.)
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, D04 YN63 Dublin, Ireland; (B.M.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.l.R.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Donal J. Brennan
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, UCD School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae Universtity Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, D07 AX57 Dublin, Ireland;
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (P.S.); (L.D.-T.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (N.D.)
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutic Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science Ireland, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland; (E.C.); (W.M.G.)
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, D14 NN96 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (C.l.R.); (D.J.B.)
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Yin Y, Zeng S, Li Y, Wu Z, Huang D, Gao P. Macrophage Lxrα reduces atherosclerosis in Ldlr -/- mice independent of Arl7 transactivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:540-547. [PMID: 32736671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver X receptor alpha (Lxrα) is a sterol-regulated transcription factor that limits atherogenesis by regulating cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation in macrophages. Transcriptional profiling identified the reverse cholesterol transport protein Arf-like 7 (Arl7, Arl4c) as a Lxrα target gene. We hypothesized that the LXR response element (LXRE) sequence on the murine macrophage Arl7 promoter may play a critical role in Lxrα's atherosuppressive effects. METHODS Employing low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice with macrophage-specific Lxrα overexpression (Ldlr-/- MΦ-Lxrα), we constructed a novel in vivo Ldlr-/- MΦ-Lxrα Arl7MutLXRE model possessing macrophage-specific mutations within the Arl7 promoter LXRE sequences (Arl7MutLXRE) using the CRISPR/spCas9 genome editing technique. In vitro and in vivo transplantation studies were conducted using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and peritoneal macrophages (PMs). RESULTS Ldlr-/-, Ldlr-/- MΦ-Lxrα, and Ldlr-/- MΦ-Lxrα Arl7MutLXRE mice on a 60% high-fat diet displayed no significant differences in body weight, fat mass, glucose homeostasis, or lipid metabolism. Macrophage Lxrα promoted Arl7 expression, enhanced cholesterol efflux, and reduced foam cell formation in an Arl7 LXRE-dependent manner. In contrast, Lxrα reduced macrophage activation, inflammatory cytokine expression, and efferocytosis independent of Arl7 LXRE. Western diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice reconstituted with transgenic BMDMs revealed that macrophage Lxrα reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation independent of Arl7 LXRE. CONCLUSION Lxrα's anti-atherosclerotic effects in Ldlr-/- mice are not primarily attributable to Lxrα's influence on Arl7 expression. This evidence suggests that Lxrα's effects on plaque inflammation may be more critical to in vivo atherogenesis than its effects on macrophage cholesterol efflux and foam cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Silu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dajun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zaiou M. The Emerging Role and Promise of Circular RNAs in Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:E1473. [PMID: 32560220 PMCID: PMC7349386 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are genome transcripts that are produced from back-splicing of specific regions of pre-mRNA. These single-stranded RNA molecules are widely expressed across diverse phyla and many of them are stable and evolutionary conserved between species. Growing evidence suggests that many circRNAs function as master regulators of gene expression by influencing both transcription and translation processes. Mechanistically, circRNAs are predicted to act as endogenous microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interact with functional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and associate with elements of the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus. Evidence is mounting that dysregulation of circRNAs is closely related to the occurrence of a range of diseases including cancer and metabolic diseases. Indeed, there are several reports implicating circRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. However, there is very little research addressing the potential role of these RNA transcripts in the occurrence and development of obesity. Emerging data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that circRNAs are novel players in adipogenesis, white adipose browning, obesity, obesity-induced inflammation, and insulin resistance. This study explores the current state of knowledge on circRNAs regulating molecular processes associated with adipogenesis and obesity, highlights some of the challenges encountered while studying circRNAs and suggests some perspectives for future research directions in this exciting field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaiou
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Lorraine, 7 Avenue de la Foret de Haye, CEDEX BP 90170, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; ; Tel.: +3303-7277-90-15; Fax: +3303-8368-23-01
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS, The University of Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011 Nancy, France
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Salerno AG, van Solingen C, Scotti E, Wanschel ACBA, Afonso MS, Oldebeken SR, Spiro W, Tontonoz P, Rayner KJ, Moore KJ. LDL Receptor Pathway Regulation by miR-224 and miR-520d. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:81. [PMID: 32528976 PMCID: PMC7256473 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of metabolic pathways that contribute to cellular and systemic lipoprotein homeostasis. Here, we identify two conserved miRNAs, miR-224, and miR-520d, which target gene networks regulating hepatic expression of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and LDL clearance. In silico prediction of miR-224 and miR-520d target gene networks showed that they each repress multiple genes impacting the expression of the LDLR, including the chaperone molecules PCSK9 and IDOL that limit LDLR expression at the cell surface and the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis HMGCR, which is the target of LDL-lowering statin drugs. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we tested the role of miR-224 and miR-520d in the regulation of those predicted targets and their impact on LDLR expression. We show that overexpression of miR-224 or miR-520d dose-dependently reduced the activity of PCSK9, IDOL, and HMGCR 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR)-luciferase reporter constructs and that this repression was abrogated by mutation of the putative miR-224 or miR-520d response elements in the PCSK9, IDOL, and HMGCR 3'-UTRs. Compared to a control miRNA, overexpression of miR-224 or miR-520d in hepatocytes inhibited PCSK9, IDOL, and HMGCR mRNA and protein levels and decreased PCSK9 secretion. Furthermore, miR-224 and miR-520d repression of PCSK9, IDOL, and HMGCR was associated with an increase in LDLR protein levels and cell surface expression, as well as enhanced LDL binding. Notably, the effects of miR-224 and miR-520d were additive to the effects of statins in upregulating LDLR expression. Finally, we show that overexpression of miR-224 in the livers of Ldlr +/- mice using lipid nanoparticle-mediated delivery resulted in a 15% decrease in plasma levels of LDL cholesterol, compared to a control miRNA. Together, these findings identify roles for miR-224 and miR-520d in the posttranscriptional control of LDLR expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro G Salerno
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Coen van Solingen
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elena Scotti
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amarylis C B A Wanschel
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Milessa S Afonso
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott R Oldebeken
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Westley Spiro
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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60
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Das S, Mohamed IN, Teoh SL, Thevaraj T, Ku Ahmad Nasir KN, Zawawi A, Salim HH, Zhou DK. Micro-RNA and the Features of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:626-635. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200122124445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has risen globally. MetS includes a combination
of features, i.e. blood glucose impairment, excess abdominal/body fat dyslipidemia and elevated
blood pressure. Other than conventional treatment with drugs, the main preventive approaches include
lifestyle changes, weight loss, diet control and adequate exercise also proves to be beneficial. MicroRNAs
(miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in most biological
and pathological processes. In the present review, we discuss various miRNAs which are related to
MetS by targeting various organs, including the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues.
These miRNAs have the effect on insulin production and secretion (miR-9, miR-124a, miR-130a,b,
miR152, miR-335, miR-375), insulin resistance (miR-29), adipogenesis (miR-143, miR148a) and lipid
metabolism (miR-192). We also discuss the miRNAs as potential biomarkers and future therapeutic
targets. This review may be beneficial for molecular biologists and clinicians dealing with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tarrsini Thevaraj
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Azwani Zawawi
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazwan Hazrin Salim
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dennis Kheng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhou C, Wang P, Lei L, Huang Y, Wu Y. Overexpression of miR-142-5p inhibits the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by targeting TSLP and inhibiting JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9066-9084. [PMID: 32413869 PMCID: PMC7288945 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to figure out the underlying mechanism of miR-142-5p in the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bioinformatics, luciferase assay and Western blot were performed. The NASH mouse model was established through feeding a high fat diet (HFD). Relative expressions of miR-142-5p, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), inflammatory factors were detected by qRT-PCR. The injury level of liver was assessed via measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST). H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining examine the liver fatty degeneration and fibrosis. MiR-142-5p and TSLP were differentially expressed and JAK-STAT signaling pathway was activated in the NASH group. Luciferase assay identified that TSLP was the downstream target of miR-142-5p. Through overexpression of miR-142-5p, ALT and AST in serum were inhibited, pro-inflammatory factors, liver fatty degeneration and fibrosis in liver tissues were decreased, while anti-inflammatory factors were increased. Overexpression of TSLP and JAK-STAT signaling pathway activation could reverse the effects of miR-142-5p on NASH. Taken together, overexpression of miR-142-5p could attenuate NASH progression via inhibiting TSLP and JAK-STAT pathway. MiR-142-5p might be a novel latent target for NASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
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Li P, Yan X, Xu G, Pang Z, Weng J, Yin J, Li M, Yu L, Chen Q, Sun K. A novel plasma lncRNA ENST00000416361 is upregulated in coronary artery disease and is related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2375-2384. [PMID: 32323776 PMCID: PMC7185291 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious threat to human health and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect the occurrence and development of CAD via the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. Screening methods and therapeutic strategies for CAD have been extensively studied. The present study analyzed clinical indexes of 187 patients with CAD and 150 healthy subjects. The data showed significant differences in diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high-density lipoprotein level and smoking history between the CAD group and the control group. A series of differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected in the plasma samples of three patients with CAD by high-throughput sequencing. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR data revealed that the expression level of the novel lncRNA ENST00000416361 was ~2.3-fold higher in the plasma of 50 patients with CAD compared with the 50 control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.7902. Knockdown of ENST00000416361 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells markedly downregulated interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. In addition, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor (SREBP)1 and SREBP2 were upregulated in patients with CAD, and they were positively correlated with the expression of ENST00000416361. RT-qPCR further demonstrated that knockdown of ENST00000416361 led to the downregulation of SREBP1 and SREBP2. Overall, the novel lncRNA ENST00000416361 may be associated with CAD-induced inflammation and lipid metabolism, and it may serve as a potential biomarker for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Guidong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Pang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yin
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Meifen Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
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AL-Eitan LN, Aman H, Alkhatib R, Alghamdi MA. Genetic Association of SH2B1 Gene Polymorphisms in Jordanian Arab Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1825-1834. [PMID: 32547144 PMCID: PMC7250702 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s245843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genotypic and allelic association of Src homology 2 B adapter protein 1 (SH2B1) gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Jordanian patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred patients were screened, but only 200 adult Jordanian patients diagnosed with T2DM (53.5% male and 46.5% female) have participated in this study. Blood samples were collected from both patients and healthy individuals for DNA extraction according to well-established procedures. Exon 1 and exon 9 of the SH2B1 gene were sequenced using an efficient and sensitive DNA sequencing method in order to identify specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SH2B1 gene associated with T2DM. Genetic and haplotype correlation analysis was performed for the chosen SNPs to detect any association if existent. In addition, SNPStats Web Tool and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analyses for the genotype distribution were used. The significance was determined according to the P-value, and the level of significance taken as P < 0.05. The normality of the data distribution was statically analysed by the Shapiro-Wilk test with a P-value >0.05. Also, the patient's characteristics and clinical data about all participants were mentioned. RESULTS Two novel variations were present in the SH2B1 gene in Jordanian patients with T2DM: c.827C>G and c.2026G>A, and previously reported five SNPs: rs146946750, rs565131715, rs370302573, rs143212778, rs200470848. Our results showed a strong genetic association of rs565131715 SNP polymorphism within the SH2B1 gene in T2DM patients (χ 2 test, P < 0.001). Additionally, rs143212778 SNP presented a genetic correlation with T2DM patients (χ 2 test, P = 0.035) as compared to control individuals. GTACG haplotype of SH2B1 has a highly significant association with responders (P< 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated a strong association between the rs565131715 polymorphism and the risk of T2DM among the Jordanian population. Moreover, our data showed that the rs143212778 polymorphism significantly elevated the danger of T2DM among this population. This study reveals the first data regarding the SH2B1 gene polymorphisms in Jordanian patients of Arab descent with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N AL-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid22110, Jordan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid22110, Jordan
- Correspondence: Laith N AL-Eitan Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid22110, JordanTel +962 2 7201000Fax +962 2 7201071 Email
| | - Hatem Aman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid22110, Jordan
| | - Rami Alkhatib
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid22110, Jordan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid22110, Jordan
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Price NL, Rotllan N, Zhang X, Canfrán-Duque A, Nottoli T, Suarez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Specific Disruption of Abca1 Targeting Largely Mimics the Effects of miR-33 Knockout on Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux and Atherosclerotic Plaque Development. Circ Res 2019; 124:874-880. [PMID: 30707082 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Inhibition of miR-33 reduces atherosclerotic plaque burden, but miR-33 deficient mice are predisposed to the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. The proatherogenic effects of miR-33 are thought to be in large part because of its repression of macrophage cholesterol efflux, through targeting of Abca1 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1). However, targeting of other factors may also be required for the beneficial effects of miR-33, and currently available approaches have not allowed researchers to determine the specific impact of individual miRNA target interactions in vivo. OBJECTIVE In this work, we sought to determine how specific disruption of Abca1 targeting by miR-33 impacts macrophage cholesterol efflux and atherosclerotic plaque formation in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We have generated a novel mouse model with specific point mutations in the miR-33 binding sites of the Abca1 3'untranslated region, which prevents targeting by miR-33. Abca1 binding site mutant ( Abca1BSM) mice had increased hepatic ABCA1 expression but did not show any differences in body weight or metabolic function after high fat diet feeding. Macrophages from Abca1BSM mice also had increased ABCA1 expression, as well as enhanced cholesterol efflux and reduced foam cell formation. Moreover, LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) deficient animals transplanted with bone marrow from Abca1BSM mice had reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation, similar to mice transplanted with bone marrow from miR-33 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Although the more pronounced phenotype of miR-33 deficient animals suggests that other targets may also play an important role, our data clearly demonstrate that repression of ABCA1 is primarily responsible for the proatherogenic effects of miR-33. This work shows for the first time that disruption of a single miRNA/target interaction can be sufficient to mimic the effects of miRNA deficiency on complex physiological phenotypes in vivo and provides an approach by which to assess the impact of individual miRNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Price
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Comparative Medicine (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., T.N., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Comparative Medicine (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., T.N., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Comparative Medicine (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., T.N., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Comparative Medicine (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., T.N., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Timothy Nottoli
- Comparative Medicine (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., T.N., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yajaira Suarez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Comparative Medicine (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., T.N., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Pathology (Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Comparative Medicine (N.L.P., N.R., X.Z., A.C.-D., T.N., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Pathology (Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Anti-ApoA-1 IgGs in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Display Paradoxical Associations with Lipid Profile and Promote Foam Cell Formation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122035. [PMID: 31766415 PMCID: PMC6947407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Anti-Apolipoprotein A-1 autoantibodies (anti-ApoA-1 IgG) promote atherogenesis via innate immune receptors, and may impair cellular cholesterol homeostasis (CH). We explored the presence of anti-ApoA-1 IgG in children (5-15 years old) with or without familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), analyzing their association with lipid profiles, and studied their in vitro effects on foam cell formation, gene regulation, and their functional impact on cholesterol passive diffusion (PD). METHODS Anti-ApoA-1 IgG and lipid profiles were measured on 29 FH and 25 healthy children. The impact of anti-ApoA-1 IgG on key CH regulators (SREBP2, HMGCR, LDL-R, ABCA1, and miR-33a) and foam cell formation detected by Oil Red O staining were assessed using human monocyte-derived macrophages. PD experiments were performed using a validated THP-1 macrophage model. RESULTS Prevalence of high anti-ApoA-1 IgG levels (seropositivity) was about 38% in both study groups. FH children seropositive for anti-ApoA-1 IgG had significant lower total cholesterol LDL and miR-33a levels than those who were seronegative. On macrophages, anti-ApoA-1 IgG induced foam cell formation in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4-dependent manner, accompanied by NF-kB- and AP1-dependent increases of SREBP-2, LDL-R, and HMGCR. Despite increased ABCA1 and decreased mature miR-33a expression, the increased ACAT activity decreased membrane free cholesterol, functionally culminating to PD inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Anti-ApoA-1 IgG seropositivity is frequent in children, unrelated to FH, and paradoxically associated with a favorable lipid profile. In vitro, anti-ApoA-1 IgG induced foam cell formation through a complex interplay between innate immune receptors and key cholesterol homeostasis regulators, functionally impairing the PD cholesterol efflux capacity of macrophages.
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Gjorgjieva M, Sobolewski C, Dolicka D, Correia de Sousa M, Foti M. miRNAs and NAFLD: from pathophysiology to therapy. Gut 2019; 68:2065-2079. [PMID: 31300518 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a thorough reprogramming of hepatic metabolism. Epigenetic mechanisms, in particular those associated with deregulation of the expressions and activities of microRNAs (miRNAs), play a major role in metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD and their progression towards more severe stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the recent progress addressing the role of the many facets of complex miRNA regulatory networks in the development and progression of NAFLD. The basic concepts and mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation as well as the various setbacks encountered in basic and translational research in this field are debated. miRNAs identified so far, whose expressions/activities are deregulated in NAFLD, and which contribute to the outcomes of this pathology are further reviewed. Finally, the potential therapeutic usages in a short to medium term of miRNA-based strategies in NAFLD, in particular to identify non-invasive biomarkers, or to design pharmacological analogues/inhibitors having a broad range of actions on hepatic metabolism, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Hussain MM, Goldberg IJ. Human MicroRNA-33b Promotes Atherosclerosis in Apoe -/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2272-2275. [PMID: 30354227 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmood Hussain
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York
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Koyama S, Horie T, Nishino T, Baba O, Sowa N, Miyasaka Y, Kuwabara Y, Nakao T, Nishiga M, Nishi H, Nakashima Y, Nakazeki F, Ide Y, Kimura M, Tsuji S, Ruiz Rodriguez R, Xu S, Yamasaki T, Otani C, Watanabe T, Nakamura T, Hasegawa K, Kimura T, Ono K. Identification of Differential Roles of MicroRNA-33a and -33b During Atherosclerosis Progression With Genetically Modified Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012609. [PMID: 31242815 PMCID: PMC6662357 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNA (miR)‐33 targets cholesterol transporter ATP‐binding cassette protein A1 and other antiatherogenic targets and contributes to atherogenic progression. Its inhibition or deletion is known to result in the amelioration of atherosclerosis in mice. However, mice lack the other member of the miR‐33 family, miR‐33b, which exists in humans and other large mammals. Thus, precise evaluation and comparison of the responsibilities of these 2 miRs during the progression of atherosclerosis has not been reported, although they are essential. Methods and Results In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the difference between the function of miR‐33a and miR‐33b using genetically modified mice. We generated 4 strains with or without miR‐33a and miR‐33b. Comparison between mice with only miR‐33a (wild‐type mice) and mice with only miR‐33b (miR‐33a−/−/miR‐33b+/+) revealed the dominant expression of miR‐33b in the liver. To evaluate the whole body atherogenic potency of miR‐33a and miR‐33b, we developed apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a+/+/miR‐33b−/− mice and apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a−/−/miR‐33b+/+ mice. With a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet, the apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a−/−/miR‐33b+/+ mice developed increased atherosclerotic plaque versus apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a+/+/miR‐33b−/− mice, in line with the predominant expression of miR‐33b in the liver and worsened serum cholesterol profile. By contrast, a bone marrow transplantation study showed no significant difference, which was consistent with the relevant expression levels of miR‐33a and miR‐33b in bone marrow cells. Conclusions The miR‐33 family exhibits differences in distribution and regulation and particularly in the progression of atherosclerosis; miR‐33b would be more potent than miR‐33a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Koyama
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Naoya Sowa
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yui Miyasaka
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuji
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Randolph Ruiz Rodriguez
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Sijia Xu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamasaki
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Chiharu Otani
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Watanabe
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- 2 Department of Pharmacology Kansai Medical University Hirakata Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- 3 Division of Translational Research Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Colorectal Cancer: Could miRNA Dysregulation Play A Role? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122922. [PMID: 31207998 PMCID: PMC6628223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cancer. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNA profiles have been associated with diseases including obesity and cancer. Herein we report dysregulated miRNAs in obesity both in animal models and in humans, and we also document dysregulated miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), as example of an obesity-related cancer. Some of the described miRNAs are found to be similarly dysregulated both in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and CRC. Thus, we present miRNAs as a potential molecular link between obesity and CRC onset and development, giving a new perspective on the role of miRNAs in obesity-associated cancers.
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Postprandial Circulating miRNAs in Response to a Dietary Fat Challenge. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061326. [PMID: 31200481 PMCID: PMC6627817 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia has many physiopathological effects, some of which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be found in almost all biological fluids, but their postprandial kinetics are poorly described. We aimed to profile circulating miRNAs in response to a fat challenge. In total, 641 circulating miRNAs were assessed by real-time PCR in plasmas from mice two hours after lipid gavage. Mice with intestine-specific loss of Dicer were screened to identify potential miRNAs released by the intestine. A total of 68 miRNAs were selected for further validation. Ten circulating miRNAs were finally validated as responsive to postprandial lipemia, including miR-206-3p, miR-543-3p, miR-466c-5p, miR-27b-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-340-3p, miR-1941-3p, miR-10a-3p, miR-125a-3p, and miR-468-3p. Analysis of their possible tissues of origin/target showed an enrichment of selected miRNAs in liver, intestine, brain, or skeletal muscle. miR-206, miR-27b-5p, and miR-409-3p were validated in healthy humans. Analysis of their predicted target genes revealed their potential involvement in insulin/insulin like growth factor (insulin/IGF), angiogenesis, cholecystokinin B receptor signaling pathway (CCKR), inflammation or Wnt pathways for mice, and in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and CCKR signaling pathways for humans. Therefore, the current study shows that certain miRNAs are released in the circulation in response to fatty meals, proposing them as potential novel therapeutic targets of lipid metabolism.
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71
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Romero-Nava R, Carbó R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sánchez-Muñoz F. High Fructose Intake and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2787. [PMID: 31181590 PMCID: PMC6600229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, high fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages has contributed to obesity development. In the diet, sucrose and high fructose corn syrup are the main sources of fructose and can be metabolized in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation. The liver can metabolize around 70% of fructose intake, while the remaining is metabolized by other tissues. Several tissues including adipose tissue express the main fructose transporter GLUT5. In vivo, chronic fructose intake promotes white adipose tissue accumulation through activating adipogenesis. In vitro experiments have also demonstrated that fructose alone induces adipogenesis by several mechanisms, including (1) triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production by fructose metabolism, (2) the stimulation of glucocorticoid activation by increasing 11β-HSD1 activity, and (3) the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through uric acid, NOX and XOR expression, mTORC1 signaling and Ang II induction. Moreover, it has been observed that fructose induces adipogenesis through increased ACE2 expression, which promotes high Ang-(1-7) levels, and through the inhibition of the thermogenic program by regulating Sirt1 and UCP1. Finally, microRNAs may also be involved in regulating adipogenesis in high fructose intake conditions. In this paper, we propose further directions for research in fructose participation in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico city 06720, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - L Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
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Ash GI, Kim D, Choudhury M. Promises of Nanotherapeutics in Obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:369-383. [PMID: 31126754 PMCID: PMC6716370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology to medicine promises a wide range of new tools and possibilities, from earlier diagnostics and improved imaging, to better, more efficient, and more targeted therapies. This emerging field could help address obesity, with advances in drug delivery, nutraceuticals, and genetic and epigenetic therapeutics. Its application to obesity is still largely in the development phase. Here, we review the novel angle of nanotech applied to human consumable products and their specific applications to addressing obesity through nutraceuticals, with respect to benefits and limitations of current nanotechnology methods. Further, we review potential future applications to deliver genetic and epigenetic miRNA therapeutics. Finally, we discuss future directions, including theranostics, combinatory therapy, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett I Ash
- School of Nursing, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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73
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Obesity: Pathophysiology, monosodium glutamate-induced model and anti-obesity medicinal plants. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:503-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Human ApoA-I Overexpression Enhances Macrophage-Specific Reverse Cholesterol Transport but Fails to Prevent Inherited Diabesity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030655. [PMID: 30717414 PMCID: PMC6387412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein A-I (hApoA-I) overexpression improves high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and the metabolic complications of obesity. We used a mouse model of diabesity, the db/db mouse, to examine the effects of hApoA-I on the two main functional properties of HDL, i.e., macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport (m-RCT) in vivo and the antioxidant potential, as well as the phenotypic features of obesity. HApoA-I transgenic (hA-I) mice were bred with nonobese control (db/+) mice to generate hApoA-I-overexpressing db/+ offspring, which were subsequently bred to obtain hA-I-db/db mice. Overexpression of hApoA-I significantly increased weight gain and the incidence of fatty liver in db/db mice. Weight gain was mainly explained by the increased caloric intake of hA-I-db/db mice (>1.2-fold). Overexpression of hApoA-I also produced a mixed type of dyslipidemia in db/db mice. Despite these deleterious effects, the overexpression of hApoA-I partially restored m-RCT in db/db mice to levels similar to nonobese control mice. Moreover, HDL from hA-I-db/db mice also enhanced the protection against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation compared with HDL from db/db mice. In conclusion, overexpression of hApoA-I in db/db mice enhanced two main anti-atherogenic HDL properties while exacerbating weight gain and the fatty liver phenotype. These adverse metabolic side-effects were also observed in obese mice subjected to long-term HDL-based therapies in independent studies and might raise concerns regarding the use of hApoA-I-mediated therapy in obese humans.
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75
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Di Ciaula A, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Cholesterol cholelithiasis: part of a systemic metabolic disease, prone to primary prevention. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:157-171. [PMID: 30791781 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1549988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease have relationships with various conditions linked with insulin resistance, but also with heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. These associations derive from mechanisms active at a local (i.e. gallbladder, bile) and a systemic level and are involved in inflammation, hormones, nuclear receptors, signaling molecules, epigenetic modulation of gene expression, and gut microbiota. Despite advanced knowledge of these pathways, the available therapeutic options for symptomatic gallstone patients remain limited. Therapy includes oral litholysis by the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in a small subgroup of patients at high risk of postdissolution recurrence, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is the therapeutic radical gold standard treatment. Cholecystectomy, however, may not be a neutral event, and potentially generates health problems, including the metabolic syndrome. Areas covered: Several studies on risk factors and pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease, acting at a systemic level have been reviewed through a PubMed search. Authors have focused on primary prevention and novel potential therapeutic strategies. Expert commentary: The ultimate goal appears to target the manageable systemic mechanisms responsible for gallstone occurrence, pointing to primary prevention measures. Changes must target lifestyles, as well as experimenting innovative pharmacological tools in subgroups of patients at high risk of developing gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- a Division of Internal Medicine , Hospital of Bisceglie , Bisceglie , Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- b Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases , Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
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76
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MicroRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue and obesity: emerging roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:23-40. [PMID: 30606812 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic condition usually accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidaemia, which is characterised by excessive fat accumulation and related to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Enlargement of WAT is associated with a transcriptional alteration of coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). For many years, big efforts have focused on understanding protein-coding RNAs and their involvement in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and subsequent role in obesity. However, diverse findings have suggested that a dysfunctional adipocyte phenotype in obesity might be also dependent on specific alterations in the expression pattern of ncRNAs, such as miRNAs. The aim of this review is to update current knowledge on the physiological roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in adipose tissue function and their potential impact on obesity. Therefore, we examined their regulatory role on specific WAT features: adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, inflammation, glucose metabolism, lipolysis, lipogenesis, hypoxia and WAT browning. MiRNAs can be released to body fluids and can be transported (free or inside microvesicles) to other organs, where they might trigger metabolic effects in distant tissues, thus opening new possibilities to a potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and personalisation of obesity treatment. Understanding the role of miRNAs also opens the possibility of using these molecules on individualised dietary strategies for precision weight management. MiRNAs should be envisaged as a future therapeutic approach given that miRNA levels could be modulated by synthetic molecules (f.i. miRNA mimics and inhibitors) and/or specific nutrients or bioactive compounds.
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77
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Zhang BH, Shen CA, Zhu BW, An HY, Zheng B, Xu SB, Sun JC, Sun PC, Zhang W, Wang J, Liu JY, Fan YQ. Insight into miRNAs related with glucometabolic disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:657-665. [PMID: 30611990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A microRNA (miRNA) is a single-stranded, small and non-coding RNA molecule that contains 20-25 nucleotides. More than 2000 miRNAs have been identified in human genes since the first miRNA was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans in the early 1990s. miRNAs play a crucial role in various biological processes by regulating gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The alterations of their levels are associated with various diseases, such as glucometabolic disorder and lipid metabolism disorder. In recent years, miRNAs have been proved to be involved in regulating the functions of pancreatic β-cells, insulin resistance and other biological behaviors related to glucometabolic disorder and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). This review summarized specific miRNAs, including miRNA-375 (miR-375), miRNA-155 (miR-155), miRNA-21 (miR-21), miRNA-33 (miR-33), the let-7 family and some other miRNAs related to glucometabolic regulation, introduced the obstacles and challenges in miRNA therapy, and discussed the prospect of new treatment methods for glucometabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-An Shen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bi-Wei Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ying An
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Bo Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Chen Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Chao Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qian Fan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhou J, Yang J, Wang X, Li M, Li F, Zhu E, Li X, Li X, Wang B. A Novel Regulatory Circuit "C/EBPα/miR-20a-5p/TOB2" Regulates Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:894. [PMID: 31969862 PMCID: PMC6960138 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified growing importance of microRNAs as key regulators of adipocyte differentiation. We have previously reported that miR-20a-5p is able to induce adipogenesis of established adipogenic cell lines and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms by which miR-20a-5p controls adipogenesis and by which miR-20a-5p expression is regulated need to be further explored. In the current study we found that miR-20a-5p expression was induced during adipocyte differentiation from preadipocyte 3T3-L1 and was increased in epididymal white adipose tissue from either ob/ob mice or high fat diet-induced obese mice. Functional studies identified miR-20a-5p as a positive regulator of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 by using either synthetic mimics to supplement miR-20a-5p, or using synthetic inhibitor or sponge lentivirus to inactivate endogenous miR-20a-5p. Luciferase activity assay revealed that TOB2 is a novel target of miR-20a-5p and functional experiment demonstrated its negative regulatory role in adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, Tob2 overexpression significantly attenuated adipocyte formation induced by miR-20a-5p supplementation. In-depth investigation of mechanisms that govern miR-20a-5p expression clarified that C/EBPα transcriptionally activated miR-20a-5p expression via binding to the promoter of miR-20a-5p. Taken together, we conclude that a novel C/EBPα/miR-20a-5p/TOB2 circuit exists and regulates adipogenesis and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junying Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Li
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Endong Zhu
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Li
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Baoli Wang
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A New Insight into the Roles of MiRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7372636. [PMID: 30648107 PMCID: PMC6311798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7372636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which includes several clinical components such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, hypertension, proinflammatory state, and oxidative stress (OS), has become a global epidemic health issue contributing to a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs), used as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy, have aroused global interest in complex processes in health and diseases, including MetS and its components. MiRNAs can exist stably in serum, liver, skeletal muscle (SM), heart muscle, adipose tissue (AT), and βcells, because of their ability to escape the digestion of RNase. Here we first present an overall review on recent findings of the relationship between miRNAs and several main components of MetS, such as IR, obesity, diabetes, lipid metabolism, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and stress, to illustrate the targeting proteins or relevant pathways that are involved in the progress of MetS and also help us find promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
The miR-33 microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cholesterol/lipids, and may represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. A recent report by Price et al. showed that miR-33 knockout (KO) mice exhibit obesity, insulin resistance, and increased food intake, suggesting that metabolic regulation by miR-33 is more complex than was previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Näär
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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81
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Zhang X, Price NL, Fernández-Hernando C. Non-coding RNAs in lipid metabolism. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:93-102. [PMID: 29929012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death and morbidity in the Western world, begins with lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which is the initial step in atherogenesis. Alterations in lipid metabolism result in increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders, and treatment of lipid disorders remains the most common strategy aimed at reducing the incidence of CVD. Work done over the past decade has identified numerous classes of non-coding RNA molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical regulators of gene expression involved in lipid metabolism and CVD, mostly acting at post-transcriptional level. A number of miRNAs, including miR-33, miR-122 and miR-148a, have been demonstrated to play important role in controlling the risk of CVD through regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism. lncRNAs are recently emerging as important regulators of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. However, much additional work will be required to fully understand the impact of lncRNAs on CVD and lipid metabolism, due to the high abundance of lncRNAs and the poor-genetic conservation between species. This article reviews the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and their potential implications for the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA.
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82
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Wang W, Wang J, Yan M, Jiang J, Bian A. MiRNA-92a protects pancreatic B-cell function by targeting KLF2 in diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:577-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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