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Wang Y, Chen H, Yu J, Kang W, To KF. Recent insight into the role and therapeutic potential of YAP/TAZ in gastrointestinal cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188787. [PMID: 36041574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of cancer treatment, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are still the most prevalent malignancies with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway has been recognized to play a critical role during cancer development and adopted for monitoring disease progression and therapy response. Despite the well-documented tumor proliferation and metastasis, recent efforts in two core Hippo components, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), have identified as the driving forces behind cancer metabolism, stemness, tumor immunity, and therapy resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ facilitates the tumorigenesis and progression of GI cancer, and identifying novel therapeutic strategies for targeting YAP/TAZ are crucial to GI cancer treatment and prevention. In this study, we summarize the latest findings on the function and regulatory mechanisms of YAP/TAZ in GI cancers, and highlight the translational significance of targeting YAP/TAZ for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Furet P, Bordas V, Le Douget M, Salem B, Mesrouze Y, Imbach-Weese P, Sellner H, Voegtle M, Soldermann N, Chapeau E, Wartmann M, Scheufler C, Fernandez C, Kallen J, Guagnano V, Chène P, Schmelzle T. The First Class of Small Molecules Potently Disrupting the YAP-TEAD Interaction by Direct Competition. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200303. [PMID: 35950546 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the YAP-TEAD protein protein interaction is an attractive therapeutic concept under intense investigation with the objective to treat cancers associated with a dysregulation of the Hippo pathway. However, owing to the very extended surface of interaction of the two proteins, the identification of small drug-like molecules able to efficiently prevent YAP from binding to TEAD by direct competition has been elusive so far. We disclose here the discovery of the first class of small molecules potently inhibiting the YAP-TEAD interaction by binding at one of the main interaction sites of YAP at the surface of TEAD. These inhibitors, providing a path forward to pharmacological intervention in the Hippo pathway, evolved from a weakly active virtual screening hit advanced to high potency by structure-based design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Furet
- Novartis Pharma AG, Biomedical Research, 4002, Basel, SWITZERLAND
| | - Vincent Bordas
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, GDC, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Bahaa Salem
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, GDC, SWITZERLAND
| | - Yannick Mesrouze
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, ODD, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Holger Sellner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, GDC, SWITZERLAND
| | - Markus Voegtle
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, GDC, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Emilie Chapeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, ODD, SWITZERLAND
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, ODD, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Cesar Fernandez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, CBT, SWITZERLAND
| | - Joerg Kallen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, CBT, SWITZERLAND
| | - Vito Guagnano
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, GDC, SWITZERLAND
| | - Patrick Chène
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, ODD, SWITZERLAND
| | - Tobias Schmelzle
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, ODD, SWITZERLAND
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53
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Zagiel B, Melnyk P, Cotelle P. Progress with YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors: a patent review (2018-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:899-912. [PMID: 35768160 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2096436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Hippo pathway represents a new opportunity for the treatment of cancer. Overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) or transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) or TEAD has been demonstrated in cancers and YAP mediates resistance to cancer drugs. Since 2018, the potential of this pathway has been illustrated by numerous articles and patents and the first drugs entering in clinical trial phase 1. AREAS COVERED This review is limited to published patent applications that have disclosed direct small-molecule inhibitors of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD interaction. EXPERT OPINION The YAP/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional complex is a promising target for the treatment of cancer. Approximately 30 international patents (used database: Sci-finder, query: TEAD; documents: patents; period: from 2017-January 2022) that disclose TEAD transcriptional inhibitors have been filled since 2018. The mechanism of action is not always described in the patents, we can divide the drugs into three different categories: (i) external TEAD ligands; (ii) non-covalent TEAD ligands of the palmitate pocket; (iii) covalent TEAD ligands, which bind into the palmitate pocket. The first molecules in clinical trial phase 1 are non-covalent TEAD ligands. The selective TEAD ligand have also been patented, published and selectivity could be of great interest for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zagiel
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
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54
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YAP and TAZ: Monocorial and bicorial transcriptional co-activators in human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188756. [PMID: 35777600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ are involved in numerous physiological processes including organ development, growth, immunity and tissue regeneration. YAP and TAZ dysregulation also contribute to tumorigenesis, thereby making them attractive cancer therapeutic targets. Arbitrarily, YAP and TAZ are often considered as a single protein, and are referred to as YAP/TAZ in most studies. However, increasing experimental evidences documented that YAP and TAZ perform both overlapping and distinct functions in several physiological and pathological processes. In addition to regulating distinct processes, YAP and TAZ are also regulated by distinct upstream cues. The aim of the review is to describe the distinct roles of YAP and TAZ focusing particularly on cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting either YAP and TAZ proteins or only one of them should be carefully evaluated. Selective targeting of YAP or TAZ may in fact impair different pathways and determine diverse clinical outputs.
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Heinrich T, Peterson C, Schneider R, Garg S, Schwarz D, Gunera J, Seshire A, Kötzner L, Schlesiger S, Musil D, Schilke H, Doerfel B, Diehl P, Böpple P, Lemos AR, Sousa PMF, Freire F, Bandeiras TM, Carswell E, Pearson N, Sirohi S, Hooker M, Trivier E, Broome R, Balsiger A, Crowden A, Dillon C, Wienke D. Optimization of TEAD P-Site Binding Fragment Hit into In Vivo Active Lead MSC-4106. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9206-9229. [PMID: 35763499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulated Hippo pathway and, consequently, hyperactivity of the transcriptional YAP/TAZ-TEAD complexes is associated with diseases such as cancer. Prevention of YAP/TAZ-TEAD triggered gene transcription is an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention. The deeply buried and conserved lipidation pocket (P-site) of the TEAD transcription factors is druggable. The discovery and optimization of a P-site binding fragment (1) are described. Utilizing structure-based design, enhancement in target potency was engineered into the hit, capitalizing on the established X-ray structure of TEAD1. The efforts culminated in the optimized in vivo tool MSC-4106, which exhibited desirable potency, mouse pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy. In close correlation to compound exposure, the time- and dose-dependent downregulation of a proximal biomarker could be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Heinrich
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carl Peterson
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Richard Schneider
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sakshi Garg
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jakub Gunera
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anita Seshire
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lisa Kötzner
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlesiger
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Djordje Musil
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heike Schilke
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Doerfel
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrizia Diehl
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Pia Böpple
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ana R Lemos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Pedro M F Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Filipe Freire
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Emma Carswell
- Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Nicholas Pearson
- Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Sameer Sirohi
- Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Mollie Hooker
- Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K.,MSD, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Elisabeth Trivier
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Rebecca Broome
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Alexander Balsiger
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Abigail Crowden
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Christian Dillon
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Dirk Wienke
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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56
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhou X. Functions of Yes-association protein (YAP) in cancer progression and anticancer therapy resistance. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway, a highly conserved kinase cascade, regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, organ size, and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway reportedly plays an important role in the progression of various human cancers. Yes-association protein (YAP), the Hippo pathway’s core effector, is considered a marker for cancer therapy and patient prognosis. In addition, studies have indicated that YAP is involved in promoting anticancer drug resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge on YAP’s role in cancer progression, anticancer drug resistance, and advances in the development of YAP-targeting drugs. A thorough understanding of the complex interactions among molecular, cellular, and environmental factors concerning YAP function in cancer progression may provide new insight into the underlying mechanism of anticancer drug resistance. It might lead to improved prognosis through novel combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
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Hsu SC, Lin CY, Lin YY, Collins CC, Chen CL, Kung HJ. TEAD4 as an Oncogene and a Mitochondrial Modulator. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:890419. [PMID: 35602596 PMCID: PMC9117765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.890419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TEAD4 (TEA Domain Transcription Factor 4) is well recognized as the DNA-anchor protein of YAP transcription complex, which is modulated by Hippo, a highly conserved pathway in Metazoa that controls organ size through regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. To acquire full transcriptional activity, TEAD4 requires co-activator, YAP (Yes-associated protein) or its homolog TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) the signaling hub that relays the extracellular stimuli to the transcription of target genes. Growing evidence suggests that TEAD4 also exerts its function in a YAP-independent manner through other signal pathways. Although TEAD4 plays an essential role in determining that differentiation fate of the blastocyst, it also promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. Upregulation of TEAD4 has been reported in several cancers, including colon cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer and serves as a valuable prognostic marker. Recent studies show that TEAD4, but not other members of the TEAD family, engages in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and cell metabolism by modulating the expression of mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded electron transport chain genes. TEAD4’s functions including oncogenic activities are tightly controlled by its subcellular localization. As a predominantly nuclear protein, its cytoplasmic translocation is triggered by several signals, such as osmotic stress, cell confluency, and arginine availability. Intriguingly, TEAD4 is also localized in mitochondria, although the translocation mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we describe the current understanding of TEAD4 as an oncogene, epigenetic regulator and mitochondrial modulator. The contributing mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Chen
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chia-Lin Chen, ; Hsing-Jien Kung,
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chia-Lin Chen, ; Hsing-Jien Kung,
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Seeneevassen L, Dubus P, Gronnier C, Varon C. Hippo in Gastric Cancer: From Signalling to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092282. [PMID: 35565411 PMCID: PMC9105983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is one of the most important ones in mammals. Its key functions in cell proliferation, tissue growth, repair, and homeostasis make it the most crucial one to be controlled. Many means have been deployed for its regulation, since this pathway is not only composed of core regulatory components, but it also communicates with and regulates various other pathways, making this signalisation even more complex. Its role in cancer has been studied more and more over the past few years, and it presents YAP/TAZ as the major oncogenic actors. In this review, we relate how vital this pathway is for different organs, and how regulatory mechanisms have been bypassed to lead to cancerous states. Most studies present an upregulation status of YAP/TAZ, and urge the need to target them. A focus is made here on gastric carcinogenesis, its main dysregulations, and the major strategies adopted and tested to counteract Hippo pathway disbalance in this disease. Hippo pathway targeting can be achieved by various means, which are described in this review. Many studies have tested different potential molecules, which are detailed hereby. Though not all tested in gastric cancer, they could represent a real interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lornella Seeneevassen
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.S.); (P.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Pierre Dubus
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.S.); (P.D.); (C.G.)
- Department of Histology and Pathology, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Gronnier
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.S.); (P.D.); (C.G.)
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Varon
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.S.); (P.D.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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59
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Russell JO, Camargo FD. Hippo signalling in the liver: role in development, regeneration and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:297-312. [PMID: 35064256 PMCID: PMC9199961 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway has emerged as a major player in many aspects of liver biology, such as development, cell fate determination, homeostatic function and regeneration from injury. The regulation of Hippo signalling is complex, with activation of the pathway by diverse upstream inputs including signals from cellular adhesion, mechanotransduction and crosstalk with other signalling pathways. Pathological activation of the downstream transcriptional co-activators yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, encoded by WWTR1), which are negatively regulated by Hippo signalling, has been implicated in multiple aspects of chronic liver disease, such as the development of liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis. Thus, development of pharmacological inhibitors of YAP-TAZ signalling has been an area of great interest. In this Review, we summarize the diverse roles of Hippo signalling in liver biology and highlight areas where outstanding questions remain to be investigated. Greater understanding of the mechanisms of Hippo signalling in liver function should help facilitate the development of novel therapies for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn O Russell
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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60
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Che K, Pobbati AV, Seavey CN, Fedorov Y, Komar AA, Burtscher A, Ma S, Rubin BP. Aurintricarboxylic acid is a canonical disruptor of the TAZ-TEAD transcriptional complex. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266143. [PMID: 35417479 PMCID: PMC9007350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupting the formation of the oncogenic YAP/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional complex holds substantial therapeutic potential. However, the three protein interaction interfaces of this complex cannot be easily disrupted using small molecules. Here, we report that the pharmacologically active small molecule aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) acts as a disruptor of the TAZ-TEAD complex. ATA was identified in a high-throughput screen using a TAZ-TEAD AlphaLISA assay that was tailored to identify disruptors of this transcriptional complex. We further used fluorescence polarization assays both to confirm disruption of the TAZ-TEAD complex and to demonstrate that ATA binds to interface 3. We have previously shown that cell-based models that express the oncogenic TAZ-CAMTA1 (TC) fusion protein display enhanced TEAD transcriptional activity because TC functions as an activated form of TAZ. Utilizing cell-based studies and our TC model system, we performed TC/TEAD reporter, RNA-Seq, and qPCR assays and found that ATA inhibits TC/TEAD transcriptional activity. Further, disruption of TC/TEAD and TAZ/TEAD interaction by ATA abrogated anchorage-independent growth, the phenotype most closely linked to dysregulated TAZ/TEAD activity. Therefore, this study demonstrates that ATA is a novel small molecule that has the ability to disrupt the undruggable TAZ-TEAD interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepeng Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ajaybabu V. Pobbati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Caleb N. Seavey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Small Molecule Drug Development Core, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anton A. Komar
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashley Burtscher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Rubin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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61
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Liberelle M, Toulotte F, Renault N, Gelin M, Allemand F, Melnyk P, Guichou JF, Cotelle P. Toward the Design of Ligands Selective for the C-Terminal Domain of TEADs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5926-5940. [PMID: 35389210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in the control of organ growth, cell proliferation, and stem cell characters. TEADs are the main transcriptional output regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway and bind to YAP and TAZ co-activators. TEAD1-4 are expressed differently, depending on the tissue and developmental level, and can be overexpressed in certain pathologies. TEAD ligands mainly target the internal pocket of the C-terminal domain of TEAD, and the first ligands selective for TEAD1 and TEAD3 have been recently reported. In this paper, we focus on the topographic homology of the TEAD C-terminal domain both externally and in the internal pocket to highlight the possibility of rationally designing ligands selective for one of the TEAD family members. We identified a novel TEAD2-specific pocket and reported its first ligand. Finally, AlphaFold2 models of full-length TEADs suggest TEAD autoregulation and emphasize the importance of the interface 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Liberelle
- INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florine Toulotte
- INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- INSERM, CHU Lille, U-1286 - INFINTE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Muriel Gelin
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Allemand
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Guichou
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,CS 90108, ENSCL-Centrale Lille, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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62
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An overview of the crosstalk between YAP and cGAS-STING signaling in non-small cell lung cancer: it takes two to tango. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1661-1672. [PMID: 35377059 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is recognized as a main mediator bridging innate and adaptive immunity, recent advances have expanded its roles to anti-tumor immunity and carcinogenesis. Loss of cGAS-STING signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leads to enhanced tumorigenicity and decreased cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration. Apart from its anticancer response, persistent overreaction of cGAS-STING signaling promotes progression of certain inflammation-aggravated cancers. Activation of the pro-inflammatory nucleic acid sensing pathway can trigger Hippo pathway, which mediates the inactivation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and its paralogue transcriptional co-regulators with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, also known as WWTR1), and subsequent suppression of tumorigenesis. Active YAP acts as a transcriptional driver in bolstering immunosuppressive cytokines to evade immune surveillance and promote occurrence of preneoplasia. It is reasonable that aggressive tumors co-opt these regulators to generate few immunogenic antigens and drive tumorigenic behaviors via a highly cooperative manner. Given their multifaced roles, we profile the molecular biology characteristic and current status underpinning oncogenic YAP, review its crosstalk roles with cGAS/STING pathway in NSCLC, and summarize the major clinical investigations in NSCLC with TCGA database.
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63
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Li L, Li R, Wang Y. Identification of Small-molecule YAP-TEAD inhibitors by High-throughput docking for the Treatment of colorectal cancer. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105707. [PMID: 35247806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex is responsible for the expression of genes that regulate cancer cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway due to overexpression of YAP has been reported in various cancers. Inhibition of TEAD represses the expression of associated genes, proving the value of this transcription factor for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. We retrieved a promising hit compound L06 which is a potent TEAD4 inhibitor through docking-based virtual screening. L06 inhibits TEAD autopalmitoylation, interrupts YAP-TEAD interaction, and reduces the YAP-TEAD transcriptional activity. Moreover, L06 reduces the expression of CTGF, inhibits HCT 116 colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The YAP-TEAD complex is a viable drug target, and L06 is a lead compound for the development of more potent TEAD inhibitors to treat colorectal cancer and other hyperproliferative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, PR China.
| | - Ruizhe Li
- Moray house school of education and sport, The university of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, PR China
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64
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The Hippo pathway in cancer: YAP/TAZ and TEAD as therapeutic targets in cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:197-222. [PMID: 35119068 PMCID: PMC8819670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a highly complex process, involving many interrelated and cross-acting signalling pathways. One such pathway that has garnered much attention in the field of cancer research over the last decade is the Hippo signalling pathway. Consisting of two antagonistic modules, the pathway plays an integral role in both tumour suppressive and oncogenic processes, generally via regulation of a diverse set of genes involved in a range of biological functions. This review discusses the history of the pathway within the context of cancer and explores some of the most recent discoveries as to how this critical transducer of cellular signalling can influence cancer progression. A special focus is on the various recent efforts to therapeutically target the key effectors of the pathway in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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65
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Sharifi Tabar M, Francis H, Yeo D, Bailey CG, Rasko JEJ. Mapping oncogenic protein interactions for precision medicine. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:7-19. [PMID: 35113472 PMCID: PMC9306658 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Normal protein‐protein interactions (normPPIs) occur with high fidelity to regulate almost every physiological process. In cancer, this highly organised and precisely regulated network is disrupted, hijacked or reprogrammed resulting in oncogenic protein‐protein interactions (oncoPPIs). OncoPPIs, which can result from genomic alterations, are a hallmark of many types of cancers. Recent technological advances in the field of mass spectrometry (MS)‐based interactomics, structural biology and drug discovery have prompted scientists to identify and characterise oncoPPIs. Disruption of oncoPPI interfaces has become a major focus of drug discovery programs and has resulted in the use of PPI‐specific drugs clinically. However, due to several technical hurdles, studies to build a reference oncoPPI map for various cancer types have not been undertaken. Therefore, there is an urgent need for experimental workflows to overcome the existing challenges in studying oncoPPIs in various cancers and to build comprehensive reference maps. Here, we discuss the important hurdles for characterising oncoPPIs and propose a three‐phase multidisciplinary workflow to identify and characterise oncoPPIs. Systematic identification of cancer‐type‐specific oncogenic interactions will spur new opportunities for PPI‐focused drug discovery projects and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi Tabar
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cancer & Gene Regulation Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Habib Francis
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cancer & Gene Regulation Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dannel Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Li Ka Shing Cell & Gene Therapy Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cancer & Gene Regulation Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Li Ka Shing Cell & Gene Therapy Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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66
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Li Y, Li Y, Ning C, Yue J, Zhang C, He X, Wang Y, Liu Z. Discovering inhibitors of TEAD palmitate binding pocket through virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 98:107648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hu L, Tao Z, Wu X. Insights into auto- S-fatty acylation: targets, druggability, and inhibitors. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1567-1579. [PMID: 34977571 PMCID: PMC8637764 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational S-fatty acylation (or S-palmitoylation) modulates protein localization and functions, and has been implicated in neurological, metabolic, and infectious diseases, and cancers. Auto-S-fatty acylation involves reactive cysteine residues in the proteins which directly react with fatty acyl-CoA through thioester transfer reactions, and is the first step in some palmitoyl acyltransferase (PAT)-mediated catalysis reactions. In addition, many structural proteins, transcription factors and adaptor proteins might possess such "enzyme-like" activities and undergo auto-S-fatty acylation upon fatty acyl-CoA binding. Auto-S-fatty acylated proteins represent a new class of potential drug targets, which often harbor lipid-binding hydrophobic pockets and reactive cysteine residues, providing potential binding sites for covalent and non-covalent modulators. Therefore, targeting auto-S-fatty acylation could be a promising avenue to pharmacologically intervene in important cellular signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the regulation and functions of auto-S-fatty acylation in cell signaling and diseases. We highlight the druggability of auto-S-fatty acylated proteins, including PATs and other proteins, with potential in silico and rationalized drug design approaches. We also highlight structural analysis and examples of currently known small molecules targeting auto-S-fatty acylation, to gain insights into targeting this class of proteins, and to expand the "druggable" proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School 149, 13th St. Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School 149, 13th St. Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School 149, 13th St. Charlestown MA 02129 USA
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68
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Yan W, Chung CY, Xie T, Ozeck M, Nichols TC, Frey J, Udyavar AR, Sharma S, Paul TA. Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance to LSD1 inhibitors in small cell lung cancer occurs through a TEAD4-driven transcriptional state. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1309-1328. [PMID: 34669238 PMCID: PMC8936524 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, consisting of intratumoral and intertumoral neuroendocrine (ASCL1 and/or NEUROD1), mesenchymal-like, and YAP-driven transcriptional states. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1; also known as KDM1A) inhibitors have recently been progressed to clinical trials in SCLC based on a promising preclinical antitumor activity. A potential clinical limitation of LSD1 inhibitors is the heterogeneous drug responses that have been observed in SCLC cell lines and patient-derived models. Based on these observations, we studied molecular and transcriptional signatures that predict patient response to this class of drug. Employing SCLC patient-derived transcriptional signatures, we define that SCLC cell lines sensitive to LSD1 inhibitors are enriched in neuroendocrine transcriptional markers, whereas cell lines enriched in a mesenchymal-like transcriptional program demonstrate intrinsic resistance to LSD1 inhibitors. We have identified a reversible, adaptive resistance mechanism to LSD1 inhibitors through epigenetic reprogramming to a TEAD4-driven mesenchymal-like state. Our data suggest that only a segment of SCLC patients, with a defined neuroendocrine differentiation state, will likely benefit from LSD1 inhibitors. It provides novel evidence for the selection of a TEAD4-driven mesenchymal-like subpopulation resistant to LSD1 inhibitors in SCLC patients that may require effective drug combinations to sustain effective clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yan
- Oncology Research Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Oncology Research Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tao Xie
- Oncology Research Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Ozeck
- Oncology Research Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Timothy C Nichols
- Oncology Research Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Frey
- Oncology Research Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Shikhar Sharma
- Oncology Research Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Paul
- Oncology Research Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
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69
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Recent Therapeutic Approaches to Modulate the Hippo Pathway in Oncology and Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102715. [PMID: 34685695 PMCID: PMC8534579 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionary conserved signaling network that regulates essential processes such as organ size, cell proliferation, migration, stemness and apoptosis. Alterations in this pathway are commonly found in solid tumors and can lead to hyperproliferation, resistance to chemotherapy, compensation for mKRAS and tumor immune evasion. As the terminal effectors of the Hippo pathway, the transcriptional coactivators YAP1/TAZ and the transcription factors TEAD1–4 present exciting opportunities to pharmacologically modulate the Hippo biology in cancer settings, inflammation and regenerative medicine. This review will provide an overview of the progress and current strategies to directly and indirectly target the YAP1/TAZ protein–protein interaction (PPI) with TEAD1–4 across multiple modalities, with focus on recent small molecules able to selectively bind to TEAD, block its autopalmitoylation and inhibit YAP1/TAZ–TEAD-dependent transcription in cancer.
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70
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Lu T, Li Y, Lu W, Spitters TWGM, Fang X, Wang J, Cai S, Gao J, Zhou Y, Duan Z, Xiong H, Liu L, Li Q, Jiang H, Chen K, Zhou H, Lin H, Feng H, Zhou B, Antos CL, Luo C. Discovery of a subtype-selective, covalent inhibitor against palmitoylation pocket of TEAD3. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3206-3219. [PMID: 34729310 PMCID: PMC8546857 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TEA domain (TEAD) family proteins (TEAD1‒4) are essential transcription factors that control cell differentiation and organ size in the Hippo pathway. Although the sequences and structures of TEAD family proteins are highly conserved, each TEAD isoform has unique physiological and pathological functions. Therefore, the development and discovery of subtype selective inhibitors for TEAD protein will provide important chemical probes for the TEAD-related function studies in development and diseases. Here, we identified a novel TEAD1/3 covalent inhibitor (DC-TEADin1072) with biochemical IC50 values of 0.61 ± 0.02 and 0.58 ± 0.12 μmol/L against TEAD1 and TEAD3, respectively. Further chemical optimization based on DC-TEAD in 1072 yielded a selective TEAD3 inhibitor DC-TEAD3in03 with the IC50 value of 0.16 ± 0.03 μmol/L, which shows 100-fold selectivity over other TEAD isoforms in activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) assays. In cells, DC-TEAD3in03 showed selective inhibitory effect on TEAD3 in GAL4-TEAD (1–4) reporter assays with the IC50 value of 1.15 μmol/L. When administered to zebrafish juveniles, experiments showed that DC-TEAD3in03 reduced the growth rate of zebrafish caudal fins, indicating the importance of TEAD3 activity in controlling proportional growth of vertebrate appendages.
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71
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Feng XD. Targeting-YAP/TAZ therapies for head and neck cancer, directly or indirectly? HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 39:493-500. [PMID: 34636195 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
YAP/TAZ are wild over-activated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with high potential as a direct therapy target for HNSCC treatments. However, the efforts on the directly targeting-YAP/TAZ therapies over the past decade, have very limited impacts, mainly caused by: 1. There is still none effective and specific YAP/TAZ inhibitor with clinical potential; 2. YAP/TAZ might not be directly targeted, because of their multiple important biological functions, such as: regulation of cell proliferation and survival, stem cell maintain, regulation of organ development, organ size control, and tissue regeneration. Interestingly, the over-activation of YAP/TAZ in HNSCC mainly be regulated by upstream abnormal molecular or biological events, instead of genes alteration of YAP/TAZ. Therefore, exploring the alternative molecular events regulating YAP/TAZ activation and molecular mechanism in HNSCC might help to uncover novel indirect targets of YAP/TAZ therapies for HNSCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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72
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Iftikhar R, Zahoor AF, Irfan M, Rasul A, Rao F. Synthetic molecules targeting yes associated protein activity as chemotherapeutics against cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:1025-1037. [PMID: 34587361 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway extorts several signals that concomitantly target the activity of transcriptional cofactor yes associated protein (YAP). YAP is a key regulator that elicits signature gene expression by coupling with transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) family of transcriptional factors. The YAP-TEAD complex via target gene expression gets associated with the development, proliferation, and progression of cancerous cells. Moreover, YAP adorns cells with several oncogenic traits such as inhibition of apoptosis, enhanced proliferation, drug resistance, and immune response suppression, which later became associated with various diseases, particularly cancer. Therefore, inhibition of the YAP activity is an appealing and viable therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review highlights the recent advances in existing and novel synthetic therapeutics targeting YAP inhibition and regulation. The synthetically produced YAPD93A belonging to cyclic peptides and DC-TEADin02 and vinyl sulfonamide class of compounds are the most potent compounds to inhibit the YAP-TEAD expression by targeting protein-protein interaction (IC50 = 25 nM) and palmitate binding central pocket of TEAD (IC50 = 197 nM), respectively. On the other hand, Chlorpromazine belonging to phenothiazines class has the least potential to suppress YAP via proteasomal degradation (cell viability value of <20% at 40 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Rao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproduction Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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73
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Stokes K, Nunes M, Trombley C, Flôres DEFL, Wu G, Taleb Z, Alkhateeb A, Banskota S, Harris C, Love OP, Khan WI, Rueda L, Hogenesch JB, Karpowicz P. The Circadian Clock Gene, Bmal1, Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Signaling and Represses Tumor Initiation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1847-1872.e0. [PMID: 34534703 PMCID: PMC8591196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Circadian rhythms are daily physiological oscillations driven by the circadian clock: a 24-hour transcriptional timekeeper that regulates hormones, inflammation, and metabolism. Circadian rhythms are known to be important for health, but whether their loss contributes to colorectal cancer is not known. We tested the nonredundant clock gene Bmal1 in intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, using the Apcmin model of colorectal cancer. METHODS Bmal1 mutant, epithelium-conditional Bmal1 mutant, and photoperiod (day/night cycle) disrupted mice bearing the Apcmin allele were assessed for tumorigenesis. Tumors and normal nontransformed tissue were characterized. Intestinal organoids were assessed for circadian transcription rhythms by RNA sequencing, and in vivo and organoid assays were used to test Bmal1-dependent proliferation and self-renewal. RESULTS Loss of Bmal1 or circadian photoperiod increases tumor initiation. In the intestinal epithelium the clock regulates transcripts involved in regeneration and intestinal stem cell signaling. Tumors have no self-autonomous clock function and only weak clock function in vivo. Apcmin clock-disrupted tumors show high Yes-associated protein 1 (Hippo signaling) activity but show low Wnt (Wingless and Int-1) activity. Intestinal organoid assays show that loss of Bmal1 increases self-renewal in a Yes-associated protein 1-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Bmal1 regulates intestinal stem cell pathways, including Hippo signaling, and the loss of circadian rhythms potentiates tumor initiation. Transcript profiling: GEO accession number: GSE157357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malika Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Danilo E F L Flôres
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zainab Taleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Suhrid Banskota
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Harris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Rueda
- School of Computer Science, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Discovery of a cryptic site at the interface 2 of TEAD - Towards a new family of YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113835. [PMID: 34509860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is involved in organ size control and tissue homeostasis by regulating cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. It controls the phosphorylation of the transcription co-activator YAP (Yes associated protein) and TAZ (Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) in order to control their nuclear import and their interaction with TEAD (Transcriptional Enhanced Associated Domain). YAP, TAZ and TEADs are dysregulated in several cancers making YAP/TAZ-TEAD interaction a new emerging anti-cancer target. We report the synthesis of a set of trisubstituted pyrazoles which bind to hTEAD2 at the interface 2 revealing for the first time a cryptic pocket created by the movement of the phenol ring of Y382. Compound 6 disrupts YAP/TAZ-TEAD interaction in HEK293T cells and inhibits TEAD target genes and cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Compound 6 is therefore the first inhibitor of YAP/TAZ-TEAD targeting interface 2. This molecule could serve with other pan-TEAD inhibitors such as interface 3 ligands, for the delineation of the relative importance of VGLL vs YAP/TAZ in a given cellular model.
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Mélin L, Abdullayev S, Fnaiche A, Vu V, González Suárez N, Zeng H, Szewczyk MM, Li F, Senisterra G, Allali-Hassani A, Chau I, Dong A, Woo S, Annabi B, Halabelian L, LaPlante SR, Vedadi M, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Santhakumar V, Gagnon A. Development of LM98, a Small-Molecule TEAD Inhibitor Derived from Flufenamic Acid. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2982-3002. [PMID: 34164919 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex is responsible for the expression of genes that regulate cancer cell growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway due to overexpression of TEAD has been reported in a wide range of cancers. Inhibition of TEAD represses the expression of associated genes, demonstrating the value of this transcription factor for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. We report herein the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of LM98, a flufenamic acid analogue. LM98 shows strong affinity to TEAD, inhibits its autopalmitoylation and reduces the YAP-TEAD transcriptional activity. Binding of LM98 to TEAD was supported by 19 F-NMR studies while co-crystallization experiments confirmed that LM98 is anchored within the palmitic acid pocket of TEAD. LM98 reduces the expression of CTGF and Cyr61, inhibits MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration and arrests cell cycling in the S phase during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Mélin
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Shuay Abdullayev
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Ahmed Fnaiche
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Victoria Vu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Narjara González Suárez
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hong Zeng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Magdalena M Szewczyk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Guillermo Senisterra
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Abdellah Allali-Hassani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Irene Chau
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Aiping Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Simon Woo
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Steven R LaPlante
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1 A8, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1 A8, Canada
| | - Vijayaratnam Santhakumar
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 L7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
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76
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Yong J, Li Y, Lin S, Wang Z, Xu Y. Inhibitors Targeting YAP in Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2445-2456. [PMID: 34140763 PMCID: PMC8203099 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s308377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers globally, threatening global health. The deregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway has been discovered in GC and may be related to cancer development, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Yes-associated protein (YAP), as a downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway and a crucial co-transcription factor in the nucleus, is a promising and vital potential drug target for the treatment of GC. A series of drugs or compounds that inhibit YAP has been developed or confirmed. Therefore, this review will focus on summarizing the drugs and small-molecule inhibitors that have been reported to inhibit YAP and discuss the clinical prospects of YAP inhibitors in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
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77
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Henley MJ, Koehler AN. Advances in targeting 'undruggable' transcription factors with small molecules. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:669-688. [PMID: 34006959 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) represent key biological players in diseases including cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, outside nuclear receptors, TFs have traditionally been considered 'undruggable' by small-molecule ligands due to significant structural disorder and lack of defined small-molecule binding pockets. Renewed interest in the field has been ignited by significant progress in chemical biology approaches to ligand discovery and optimization, especially the advent of targeted protein degradation approaches, along with increasing appreciation of the critical role a limited number of collaborators play in the regulation of key TF effector genes. Here, we review current understanding of TF-mediated gene regulation, discuss successful targeting strategies and highlight ongoing challenges and emerging approaches to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Henley
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Angela N Koehler
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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78
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Small Molecule Dysregulation of TEAD Lipidation Induces a Dominant-Negative Inhibition of Hippo Pathway Signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107809. [PMID: 32579935 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) family of transcription factors serves as the receptors for the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, YAP and TAZ, to upregulate the expression of multiple genes involved in cellular proliferation and survival. Recent work identified TEAD S-palmitoylation as critical for protein stability and activity as the lipid tail extends into a hydrophobic core of the protein. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a potent small molecule that binds the TEAD lipid pocket (LP) and disrupts TEAD S-palmitoylation. Using a variety of biochemical, structural, and cellular methods, we uncover that TEAD S-palmitoylation functions as a TEAD homeostatic protein level checkpoint and that dysregulation of this lipidation affects TEAD transcriptional activity in a dominant-negative manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that targeting the TEAD LP is a promising therapeutic strategy for modulating the Hippo pathway, showing tumor stasis in a mouse xenograft model.
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79
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Tang TT, Konradi AW, Feng Y, Peng X, Ma M, Li J, Yu FX, Guan KL, Post L. Small Molecule Inhibitors of TEAD Auto-palmitoylation Selectively Inhibit Proliferation and Tumor Growth of NF2-deficient Mesothelioma. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:986-998. [PMID: 33850002 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene that limit or abrogate expression of functional Merlin are common in malignant mesothelioma. Merlin activates the Hippo pathway to suppress nuclear translocation of YAP and TAZ, the major effectors of the pathway that associate with the TEAD transcription factors in the nucleus and promote expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and survival. In this article, we describe the discovery of compounds that selectively inhibit YAP/TAZ-TEAD promoted gene transcription, block TEAD auto-palmitoylation, and disrupt interaction between YAP/TAZ and TEAD. Optimization led to potent analogs with excellent oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics that selectively inhibit NF2-deficient mesothelioma cell proliferation in vitro and growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts in vivo These highly potent and selective TEAD inhibitors provide a way to target the Hippo-YAP pathway, which thus far has been undruggable and is dysregulated frequently in malignant mesothelioma and in other YAP-driven cancers and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy T Tang
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California.
| | | | - Ying Feng
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
| | - Xiao Peng
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Leonard Post
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
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80
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Su W, Zhu S, Chen K, Yang H, Tian M, Fu Q, Shi G, Feng S, Ren D, Jin X, Yang C. Overexpressed WDR3 induces the activation of Hippo pathway by interacting with GATA4 in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:88. [PMID: 33648545 PMCID: PMC7923337 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WD repeat domain 3 (WDR3) is involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene regulation, cell cycle progression, signal transduction and apoptosis. However, the biological role of WDR3 in pancreatic cancer and the associated mechanism remains unclear. We seek to explore the immune-independent functions and relevant mechanism for WDR3 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The GEPIA web tool was searched, and IHC assays were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of WDR3 in pancreatic cancer patients. MTS, colony formation, and transwell assays were conducted to determine the biological role of WDR3 in human cancer. Western blot analysis, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of specific genes. An immunoprecipitation assay was used to explore protein-protein interactions. RESULTS Our study proved that overexpressed WDR3 was correlated with poor survival in pancreatic cancer and that WDR3 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, WDR3 activated the Hippo signaling pathway by inducing yes association protein 1 (YAP1) expression, and the combination of WDR3 silencing and administration of the YAP1 inhibitor TED-347 had a synergistic inhibitory effect on the progression of pancreatic cancer. Finally, the upregulation of YAP1 expression induced by WDR3 was dependent on an interaction with GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), the transcription factor of YAP1, which interaction induced the nuclear translocation of GATA4 in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mechanism by which WDR3 plays a critical role in promoting pancreatic cancer progression by activating the Hippo signaling pathway through the interaction with GATA4. Therefore, WDR3 is potentially a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Shikai Zhu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongji Yang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingwu Tian
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02148, USA
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Shijian Feng
- Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Dianyun Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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81
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Choi J, Lee H, Kwon E, Kong H, Kwon O, Cha H. TGFβ promotes YAP-dependent AXL induction in mesenchymal-type lung cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:679-696. [PMID: 33207077 PMCID: PMC7858114 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of chemoresistance remains a major cause of cancer mortality due to the limited accessibility of targeted or immune therapies. However, given that severe alterations of molecular features during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) lead to acquired chemoresistance, emerging studies have focused on identifying targetable drivers associated with acquired chemoresistance. Particularly, AXL, a key receptor tyrosine kinase that confers resistance against targets and chemotherapeutics, is highly expressed in mesenchymal cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of AXL induction in mesenchymal cancer cells is poorly understood. Our study revealed that the YAP signature, which was highly enriched in mesenchymal-type lung cancer, was closely correlated to AXL expression in 181 lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, using isogenic lung cancer cell pairs, we also found that doxorubicin treatment induced YAP nuclear translocation in mesenchymal-type lung cancer cells to induce AXL expression. Additionally, the concurrent activation of TGFβ signaling coordinated YAP-dependent AXL expression through SMAD4. These data suggest that crosstalk between YAP and the TGFβ/SMAD axis upon treatment with chemotherapeutics might be a promising target to improve chemosensitivity in mesenchymal-type lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Intellectual Information TeamFuture Medicine DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Eun‐Ji Kwon
- College of PharmacySeoul National UniversityKorea
| | | | - Ok‐Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Hyuk‐Jin Cha
- College of PharmacySeoul National UniversityKorea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesSeoul National UniversityKorea
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82
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Targeting the YAP-TEAD interaction interface for therapeutic intervention in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2021; 152:217-231. [PMID: 33511508 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have suggested that dysregulated Hippo pathway signaling may contribute to glioblastoma proliferation and invasive characteristics. The downstream effector of the pathway, the Yes-associated protein (YAP) oncoprotein, has emerged as a promising target in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). METHODS Utilizing a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid based screen, a small molecule was identified which inhibits the association of the co-transcriptional activator YAP1 and the TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) transcription factor protein-protein interaction interface. This candidate inhibitor, NSC682769, a novel benzazepine compound, was evaluated for its ability to affect Hippo/YAP axis signaling and potential anti-glioblastoma properties. RESULTS NSC682769 potently blocked association of YAP and TEAD in vitro and in GBM cells treated with submicromolar concentrations. Moreover, inhibitor-coupled bead pull down and surface plasmon resonance analyses demonstrate that NSC682769 binds to YAP. NSC682769 treatment of GBM lines and patient derived cells resulted in downregulation of YAP expression levels resulting in curtailed YAP-TEAD transcriptional activity. In GBM cell models, NSC682769 inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasiveness and enhanced apoptosis. In tumor xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models, NSC682769 exhibited marked anti-tumor responses and resulted in increased overall survival and displayed significant blood-brain barrier penetration. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that blockade of YAP-TEAD association is a viable therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. On the basis of these favorable preclinical studies further clinical studies are warranted.
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83
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Bum-Erdene K, Liu D, Xu D, Ghozayel MK, Meroueh SO. Design and Synthesis of Fragment Derivatives with a Unique Inhibition Mechanism of the uPAR·uPA Interaction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:60-66. [PMID: 33488965 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial interest in the development of small molecules that inhibit the tight and highly challenging protein-protein interaction between the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface receptor uPAR and the serine protease uPA. While preparing derivatives of a fragment-like compound that previously emerged from a computational screen, we identified compound 5 (IPR-3242), which inhibited binding of uPA to uPAR with submicromolar IC50s. The high inhibition potency prompted us to carry out studies to rule out potential aggregation, lack of stability, reactivity, and nonspecific inhibition. We designed and prepared 16 derivatives to further explore the role of each substituent. Interestingly, the compounds only partially inhibited binding of a fluorescently labeled α-helical peptide that binds to uPAR at the uPAR·uPA interface. Collectively, the results suggest that the compounds bind to uPAR outside of the uPAR·uPA interface, trapping the receptor into a conformation that is not able to bind to uPA. Additional studies will have to be carried out to determine whether this unique inhibition mechanism can occur at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Degang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - David Xu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Mona K. Ghozayel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Samy O. Meroueh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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84
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Szulzewsky F, Holland EC, Vasioukhin V. YAP1 and its fusion proteins in cancer initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance. Dev Biol 2021; 475:205-221. [PMID: 33428889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
YAP1 is a transcriptional co-activator whose activity is controlled by the Hippo signaling pathway. In addition to important functions in normal tissue homeostasis and regeneration, YAP1 has also prominent functions in cancer initiation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review we are discussing the molecular functions of YAP1 and its roles in cancer, with a focus on the different mechanisms of de-regulation of YAP1 activity in human cancers, including inactivation of upstream Hippo pathway tumor suppressors, regulation by intersecting pathways, miRNAs, and viral oncogenes. We are also discussing new findings on the function and biology of the recently identified family of YAP1 gene fusions, that constitute a new type of activating mutation of YAP1 and that are the likely oncogenic drivers in several subtypes of human cancers. Lastly, we also discuss different strategies of therapeutic inhibition of YAP1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Seattle Tumor Translational Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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85
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Pobbati AV, Rubin BP. Protein-Protein Interaction Disruptors of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD Transcriptional Complex. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246001. [PMID: 33352993 PMCID: PMC7766469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of protein-protein interaction disruptors (PPIDs) that disrupt the YAP/TAZ-TEAD interaction has gained considerable momentum. Several studies have shown that YAP/TAZ are no longer oncogenic when their interaction with the TEAD family of transcription factors is disrupted. The transcriptional co-regulator YAP (its homolog TAZ) interact with the surface pockets of TEADs. Peptidomimetic modalities like cystine-dense peptides and YAP cyclic and linear peptides exploit surface pockets (interface 2 and interface 3) on TEADs and function as PPIDs. The TEAD surface might pose a challenge for generating an effective small molecule PPID. Interestingly, TEADs also have a central pocket that is distinct from the surface pockets, and which small molecules leverage exclusively to disrupt the YAP/TAZ-TEAD interaction (allosteric PPIDs). Although small molecules that occupy the central pocket belong to diverse classes, they display certain common features. They are flexible, which allows them to adopt a palmitate-like conformation, and they have a predominant hydrophobic portion that contacts several hydrophobic residues and a small hydrophilic portion that faces the central pocket opening. Despite such progress, more selective PPIDs that also display favorable pharmacokinetic properties and show tolerable toxicity profiles are required to evaluate the feasibility of using these PPIDs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaybabu V. Pobbati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (B.P.R.); Tel.: +1-216-445-4472 (A.V.P.)
| | - Brian P. Rubin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (B.P.R.); Tel.: +1-216-445-4472 (A.V.P.)
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86
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Xu D, Bum-Erdene K, Leth JM, Ghozayel MK, Ploug M, Meroueh SO. Small-Molecule Inhibition of the uPAR ⋅ uPA Interaction by Conformational Selection. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:377-387. [PMID: 33107192 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is a cell surface receptor that binds to the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) with high affinity. This interaction is beneficial for extravascular fibrin clearance, but it has also been associated with a broad range of pathological conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, and kidney disease. Here, starting with a small molecule that we previously discovered by virtual screening and cheminformatics analysis, we design and synthesize several derivatives that were tested for binding and inhibition of the uPAR ⋅ uPA interaction. To confirm the binding site and establish a binding mode of the compounds, we carried out biophysical studies using uPAR mutants, among them uPARH47C-N259C , a mutant previously developed to mimic the structure of uPA-bound uPAR. Remarkably, a substantial increase in potency is observed for inhibition of uPARH47C-N259C binding to uPA compared to wild-type uPAR, consistent with our use of the structure of uPAR in its uPA-bound state to design small-molecule uPAR ⋅ uPA antagonists. Combined with the biophysical studies, molecular docking followed by extensive explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations and MM-GBSA free energy calculations yielded the most favorable binding pose of the compound. Collectively, these results suggest that potent inhibition of uPAR binding to uPA with small molecules will likely only be achieved by developing small molecules that exhibit high-affinity to solution apo structures of uPAR, rather than uPA-bound structures of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Julie M Leth
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mona K Ghozayel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Samy O Meroueh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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87
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Kunig VBK, Potowski M, Akbarzadeh M, Klika Škopić M, dos Santos Smith D, Arendt L, Dormuth I, Adihou H, Andlovic B, Karatas H, Shaabani S, Zarganes‐Tzitzikas T, Neochoritis CG, Zhang R, Groves M, Guéret SM, Ottmann C, Rahnenführer J, Fried R, Dömling A, Brunschweiger A. TEAD-YAP Interaction Inhibitors and MDM2 Binders from DNA-Encoded Indole-Focused Ugi Peptidomimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20338-20342. [PMID: 32537835 PMCID: PMC7689693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded combinatorial synthesis provides efficient and dense coverage of chemical space around privileged molecular structures. The indole side chain of tryptophan plays a prominent role in key, or "hot spot", regions of protein-protein interactions. A DNA-encoded combinatorial peptoid library was designed based on the Ugi four-component reaction by employing tryptophan-mimetic indole side chains to probe the surface of target proteins. Several peptoids were synthesized on a chemically stable hexathymidine adapter oligonucleotide "hexT", encoded by DNA sequences, and substituted by azide-alkyne cycloaddition to yield a library of 8112 molecules. Selection experiments for the tumor-relevant proteins MDM2 and TEAD4 yielded MDM2 binders and a novel class of TEAD-YAP interaction inhibitors that perturbed the expression of a gene under the control of these Hippo pathway effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena B. K. Kunig
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Marco Potowski
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Mohammad Akbarzadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Mateja Klika Škopić
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Denise dos Santos Smith
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Lukas Arendt
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of StatisticsVogelpothsweg 8744227DortmundGermany
| | - Ina Dormuth
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of StatisticsVogelpothsweg 8744227DortmundGermany
| | - Hélène Adihou
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM)BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZeneca43150GothenburgSweden
- AstraZeneca-Max Planck Institute Satellite UnitMax-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Blaž Andlovic
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (Germany)Otto-Hahn-Strasse 1544227DortmundGermany
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- University of GroningenDrug DesignDeusinglaan 17313AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- University of GroningenDrug DesignDeusinglaan 17313AVGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of CreteDepartment of Chemistry70013HeraklionGreece
| | - Ran Zhang
- University of GroningenDrug DesignDeusinglaan 17313AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthew Groves
- University of GroningenDrug DesignDeusinglaan 17313AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie M. Guéret
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM)BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZeneca43150GothenburgSweden
- AstraZeneca-Max Planck Institute Satellite UnitMax-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of StatisticsVogelpothsweg 8744227DortmundGermany
| | - Roland Fried
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of StatisticsVogelpothsweg 8744227DortmundGermany
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University of GroningenDrug DesignDeusinglaan 17313AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- TU Dortmund UniversityFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
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88
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Wei C, Li X. The Role of Photoactivated and Non-Photoactivated Verteporfin on Tumor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:557429. [PMID: 33178014 PMCID: PMC7593515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.557429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Verteporfin (VP) has long been clinically used to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recent studies have reported a significant anti-tumor effect of VP as well. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a pro-tumorigenic factor that is aberrantly expressed in various cancers and is a central effector of the Hippo signaling pathway that regulates organ size and tumorigenesis. VP can inhibit YAP without photoactivation, along with suppressing autophagy, and downregulating germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK) and STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK). In addition, VP can induce mitochondrial damage and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoactivation, and is an effective photosensitizer (PS) in anti-tumor PDT. We have reviewed the direct and adjuvant therapeutic action of VP as a PS, and its YAP/TEA domain (TEAD)-dependent and independent pharmacological effects in the absence of light activation against cancer cells and solid tumors. Based on the present evidence, VP may be repositioned as a promising anti-cancer chemotherapeutic and adjuvant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changran Wei
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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89
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Chen M, Huang B, Zhu L, Chen K, Liu M, Zhong C. Structural and Functional Overview of TEAD4 in Cancer Biology. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9865-9874. [PMID: 33116572 PMCID: PMC7547805 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s266649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4) is an important member of the TEAD family. As a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, TEAD4 has essential roles in cell proliferation, cell survival, tissue regeneration, and stem cell maintenance. TEAD4 contains a TEA DNA binding domain that binds the promoters of target genes and a Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) binding domain that associates with transcriptional cofactors. TEAD4 coordinates with YAP, TAZ, VGLL, and other transcription factors to regulate different cellular processes in cancer via its transcriptional output. Moreover, TEAD4 undergoes post-translational modifications and subcellular translocations, and both processes have been shown to shed new insights on how TEAD transcriptional activity can be modified. In summary, TEAD4 has important roles in cancer, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, cancer stem cell dynamics, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance, suggesting that TEAD4 may be a promising prognostic biomarker in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingsong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
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90
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Karatas H, Akbarzadeh M, Adihou H, Hahne G, Pobbati AV, Yihui Ng E, Guéret SM, Sievers S, Pahl A, Metz M, Zinken S, Dötsch L, Nowak C, Thavam S, Friese A, Kang C, Hong W, Waldmann H. Discovery of Covalent Inhibitors Targeting the Transcriptional Enhanced Associate Domain Central Pocket. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11972-11989. [PMID: 32907324 PMCID: PMC7586386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Transcriptional enhanced associate
domain (TEAD) transcription
factors together with coactivators and corepressors modulate the expression
of genes that regulate fundamental processes, such as organogenesis
and cell growth, and elevated TEAD activity is associated with tumorigenesis.
Hence, novel modulators of TEAD and methods for their identification
are in high demand. We describe the development of a new “thiol
conjugation assay” for identification of novel small molecules
that bind to the TEAD central pocket. The assay monitors prevention
of covalent binding of a fluorescence turn-on probe to a cysteine
in the central pocket by small molecules. Screening of a collection
of compounds revealed kojic acid analogues as TEAD inhibitors, which
covalently target the cysteine in the central pocket, block the interaction
with coactivator yes-associated protein with nanomolar apparent IC50 values, and reduce TEAD target gene expression. This methodology
promises to enable new medicinal chemistry programs aimed at the modulation
of TEAD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Karatas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hélène Adihou
- Department of Chemical Biology, AstraZeneca-Max Planck Institute Satellite Unit, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gernot Hahne
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ajaybabu V Pobbati
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Yihui Ng
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos, #05-01, 138670, Singapore
| | - Stéphanie M Guéret
- Department of Chemical Biology, AstraZeneca-Max Planck Institute Satellite Unit, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Malte Metz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sarah Zinken
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lara Dötsch
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christine Nowak
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sasikala Thavam
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friese
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - CongBao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos, #05-01, 138670, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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91
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Espinosa-Sánchez A, Suárez-Martínez E, Sánchez-Díaz L, Carnero A. Therapeutic Targeting of Signaling Pathways Related to Cancer Stemness. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1533. [PMID: 32984007 PMCID: PMC7479251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs) proposes that the different cells within a tumor, as well as metastasis deriving from it, are originated from a single subpopulation of cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities. These cancer stem cells are supposed to be critical for tumor expansion and metastasis, tumor relapse and resistance to conventional therapies, such as chemo- and radiotherapy. The acquisition of these abilities has been attributed to the activation of alternative pathways, for instance, WNT, NOTCH, SHH, PI3K, Hippo, or NF-κB pathways, that regulate detoxification mechanisms; increase the metabolic rate; induce resistance to apoptotic, autophagic, and senescence pathways; promote the overexpression of drug transporter proteins; and activate specific stem cell transcription factors. The elimination of CSCs is an important goal in cancer therapeutic approaches because it could decrease relapses and metastatic dissemination, which are main causes of mortality in oncology patients. In this work, we discuss the role of these signaling pathways in CSCs along with their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Espinosa-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Suárez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Díaz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain
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92
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Garlick JM, Mapp AK. Selective Modulation of Dynamic Protein Complexes. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:986-997. [PMID: 32783965 PMCID: PMC7469457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic proteins perform critical roles in cellular machines, including those that control proteostasis, transcription, translation, and signaling. Thus, dynamic proteins are prime candidates for chemical probe and drug discovery but difficult targets because they do not conform to classical rules of design and screening. Selectivity is pivotal for candidate probe molecules due to the extensive interaction network of these dynamic hubs. Recognition that the traditional rules of probe discovery are not necessarily applicable to dynamic proteins and their complexes, as well as technological advances in screening, have produced remarkable results in the last 2-4 years. Particularly notable are the improvements in target selectivity for small-molecule modulators of dynamic proteins, especially with techniques that increase the discovery likelihood of allosteric regulatory mechanisms. We focus on approaches to small-molecule screening that appear to be more suitable for highly dynamic targets and have the potential to streamline identification of selective modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Garlick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna K Mapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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93
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Kunig VBK, Potowski M, Akbarzadeh M, Klika Škopić M, Santos Smith D, Arendt L, Dormuth I, Adihou H, Andlovic B, Karatas H, Shaabani S, Zarganes‐Tzitzikas T, Neochoritis CG, Zhang R, Groves M, Guéret SM, Ottmann C, Rahnenführer J, Fried R, Dömling A, Brunschweiger A. TEAD–YAP Interaction Inhibitors and MDM2 Binders from DNA‐Encoded Indole‐Focused Ugi Peptidomimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena B. K. Kunig
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Marco Potowski
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Mohammad Akbarzadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Mateja Klika Škopić
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Denise Santos Smith
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Lukas Arendt
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Statistics Vogelpothsweg 87 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Ina Dormuth
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Statistics Vogelpothsweg 87 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Hélène Adihou
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM) BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca 43150 Gothenburg Sweden
- AstraZeneca-Max Planck Institute Satellite Unit Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Blaž Andlovic
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (Germany) Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- University of Groningen Drug Design Deusinglaan 1 7313 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- University of Groningen Drug Design Deusinglaan 1 7313 AV Groningen The Netherlands
- University of Crete Department of Chemistry 70013 Heraklion Greece
| | - Ran Zhang
- University of Groningen Drug Design Deusinglaan 1 7313 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Groves
- University of Groningen Drug Design Deusinglaan 1 7313 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie M. Guéret
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM) BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca 43150 Gothenburg Sweden
- AstraZeneca-Max Planck Institute Satellite Unit Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Statistics Vogelpothsweg 87 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Roland Fried
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Statistics Vogelpothsweg 87 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University of Groningen Drug Design Deusinglaan 1 7313 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- TU Dortmund University Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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94
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Eshghifar N, Badrlou E, Pouresmaeili F. The roles of miRNAs' clinical efficiencies in the colorectal cancer pathobiology: A review article. Hum Antibodies 2020; 28:273-285. [PMID: 32623393 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs (microRNAs) are defined as micro directors and regulators of gene expression. Since altered miRNA expression is signified in the pathobiology of diverse cancers such as colorectal cancers (CRCs), these molecules are described as therapeutic targets, either. Manipulation of miRNAs could lead to further therapy for chemo and radio-resistant CRCs. The usage of microRNAs has indicated prominent promise in the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC, because of their unique expression pattern associated with cancer types and malignancies. Nowadays, many researchers are analyzing the correlation between miRNA polymorphisms and cancer risk. With continuous incompatibility in colorectal cancer (CRC) miRNAs expression data, it is critical to move toward the content of a "pre-laboratory" analysis to speed up efficient accuracy medicine and translational study. Pathway study for the highest expressed miRNAs- regulated target genes resulted in the identification of a considerable number of genes associated with CRC pathway including PI3K, TGFβ, and APC. In this review, we aimed to collect fruitful information about miRNAs and their potential roles in CRC, and provide a meta-analysis of the most frequently studied miRNAs in association with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Eshghifar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Badrlou
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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95
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Xu D, Zhou D, Bum-Erdene K, Bailey BJ, Sishtla K, Liu S, Wan J, Aryal UK, Lee JA, Wells CD, Fishel ML, Corson TW, Pollok KE, Meroueh SO. Phenotypic Screening of Chemical Libraries Enriched by Molecular Docking to Multiple Targets Selected from Glioblastoma Genomic Data. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1424-1444. [PMID: 32243127 PMCID: PMC7919753 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Like most solid tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) harbors multiple overexpressed and mutated genes that affect several signaling pathways. Suppressing tumor growth of solid tumors like GBM without toxicity may be achieved by small molecules that selectively modulate a collection of targets across different signaling pathways, also known as selective polypharmacology. Phenotypic screening can be an effective method to uncover such compounds, but the lack of approaches to create focused libraries tailored to tumor targets has limited its impact. Here, we create rational libraries for phenotypic screening by structure-based molecular docking chemical libraries to GBM-specific targets identified using the tumor's RNA sequence and mutation data along with cellular protein-protein interaction data. Screening this enriched library of 47 candidates led to several active compounds, including 1 (IPR-2025), which (i) inhibited cell viability of low-passage patient-derived GBM spheroids with single-digit micromolar IC50 values that are substantially better than standard-of-care temozolomide, (ii) blocked tube-formation of endothelial cells in Matrigel with submicromolar IC50 values, and (iii) had no effect on primary hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor spheroids or astrocyte cell viability. RNA sequencing provided the potential mechanism of action for 1, and mass spectrometry-based thermal proteome profiling confirmed that the compound engages multiple targets. The ability of 1 to inhibit GBM phenotypes without affecting normal cell viability suggests that our screening approach may hold promise for generating lead compounds with selective polypharmacology for the development of treatments of incurable diseases like GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Xu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Barbara J Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Kamakshi Sishtla
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Sheng Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jun Wan
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jonathan A Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Clark D Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Karen E Pollok
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Samy O Meroueh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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96
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Targeting the Hippo pathway in cancer, fibrosis, wound healing and regenerative medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:480-494. [PMID: 32555376 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway with key roles in organ development, epithelial homeostasis, tissue regeneration, wound healing and immune modulation. Many of these roles are mediated by the transcriptional effectors YAP and TAZ, which direct gene expression via control of the TEAD family of transcription factors. Dysregulated Hippo pathway and YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity is associated with various diseases, most notably cancer, making this pathway an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. This Review highlights the key findings from studies of Hippo pathway signalling across biological processes and diseases, and discusses new strategies and therapeutic implications of targeting this pathway.
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97
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Yamaguchi H, Taouk GM. A Potential Role of YAP/TAZ in the Interplay Between Metastasis and Metabolic Alterations. Front Oncol 2020; 10:928. [PMID: 32596154 PMCID: PMC7300268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ) are the downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway that play a crucial role in various aspects of cancer progression including metastasis. Metastasis is the multistep process of disseminating cancer cells in a body and responsible for the majority of cancer-related death. Emerging evidence has shown that cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to gain proliferation, invasion, migration, and anti-apoptotic abilities and adapt to various environment during metastasis. Moreover, it has increasingly been recognized that YAP/TAZ regulates cellular metabolism that is associated with the phenotypic changes, and recent studies suggest that the YAP/TAZ-mediated metabolic alterations contribute to metastasis. In this review, we will introduce the latest knowledge of YAP/TAZ regulation and function in cancer metastasis and metabolism, and discuss possible links between the YAP/TAZ-mediated metabolic reprogramming and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Cancer Research Center, College of Health and Life Sciences, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghina M Taouk
- Cancer Research Center, College of Health and Life Sciences, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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98
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Kovar H, Bierbaumer L, Radic-Sarikas B. The YAP/TAZ Pathway in Osteogenesis and Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040972. [PMID: 32326412 PMCID: PMC7227004 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are intracellular messengers communicating multiple interacting extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues to the transcription apparatus in the nucleus and back to the cell/tissue microenvironment interface through the regulation of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components. Their activity is negatively and positively controlled by multiple phosphorylation events. Phenotypically, they serve an important role in cellular plasticity and lineage determination during development. As they regulate self-renewal, proliferation, migration, invasion and differentiation of stem cells, perturbed expression of YAP/TAZ signaling components play important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Despite their high structural similarity, YAP and TAZ are functionally not identical and may play distinct cell type and differentiation stage-specific roles mediated by a diversity of downstream effectors and upstream regulatory molecules. However, YAP and TAZ are frequently looked at as functionally redundant and are not sufficiently discriminated in the scientific literature. As the extracellular matrix composition and mechanosignaling are of particular relevance in bone formation during embryogenesis, post-natal bone elongation and bone regeneration, YAP/TAZ are believed to have critical functions in these processes. Depending on the differentiation stage of mesenchymal stem cells during endochondral bone development, YAP and TAZ serve distinct roles, which are also reflected in bone tumors arising from the mesenchymal lineage at different developmental stages. Efforts to clinically translate the wealth of available knowledge of the pathway for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic purposes focus mainly on YAP and TAZ expression and their role as transcriptional co-activators of TEAD transcription factors but rarely consider the expression and activity of pathway modulatory components and other transcriptional partners of YAP and TAZ. As there is a growing body of evidence for YAP and TAZ as potential therapeutic targets in several cancers, we here interrogate the applicability of this concept to bone tumors. To this end, this review aims to summarize our current knowledge of YAP and TAZ in cell plasticity, normal bone development and bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Bierbaumer
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
| | - Branka Radic-Sarikas
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
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99
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Dokla EME, Fang CS, Chu PC, Chang CS, Abouzid KAM, Chen CS. Targeting YAP Degradation by a Novel 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivative via Restoration of the Function of the Hippo Pathway. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:426-432. [PMID: 32292545 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has linked the dysregulation of the Hippo pathway to tumorigenesis and cancer progression due to its pivotal role in regulating the stability of the oncoprotein YAP. Based on an unexpected finding from the SAR study of a recently reported oxadiazole-based EGFR/c-Met dual inhibitor (compound 1), we identified a closely related derivative, compound 2, which exhibited cogent antitumor activities while devoid of compound 1's ability to promote EGFR/c-Met degradation. Compound 2 acted, in part, by facilitating YAP degradation through activation of its upstream kinase LATS1. However, it did not alter the phosphorylation status of MST1/2, a LATS1 kinase, suggesting an alternative mechanism for LATS1 activation. Orally administered compound 2 was effective in suppressing MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor growth while exhibiting a satisfactory safety profile. From a therapeutic perspective, compound 2 might help foster new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment by restoring the Hippo pathway regulatory function to facilitate YAP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. E. Dokla
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Chun-Sheng Fang
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Chu
- Department of Cosmeceutics and Graduate Institute of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Khaled A. M. Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Ching S. Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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100
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Cheng SS, Yang GJ, Wang W, Leung CH, Ma DL. The design and development of covalent protein-protein interaction inhibitors for cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:26. [PMID: 32228680 PMCID: PMC7106679 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to a variety of biological processes, and their dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of human diseases, including cancer. Hence, the inhibition of PPIs has attracted significant attention in drug discovery. Covalent inhibitors have been reported to achieve high efficiency through forming covalent bonds with cysteine or other nucleophilic residues in the target protein. Evidence suggests that there is a reduced risk for the development of drug resistance against covalent drugs, which is a major challenge in areas such as oncology and infectious diseases. Recent improvements in structural biology and chemical reactivity have enabled the design and development of potent and selective covalent PPI inhibitors. In this review, we will highlight the design and development of therapeutic agents targeting PPIs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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