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Abstract
Chemical speciation approaches is an inherent part of metallomics, once metals/metalloids and organic structures need to be currently evaluated for attaining metallomics studies. Then, this chapter focuses on the applications of the chemical speciation applied to the human health risk, food and human diet, drugs, forensic, nanoscience, and geological metallomics, also pointing out the advances in such area. Some aspects regarding sample preparation is commented along this chapter, and some strategies for maintaining the integrity of the metallomics information are also emphasized.
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Ronan JM, Stengel DB, Raab A, Feldmann J, O'Hea L, Bralatei E, McGovern E. High proportions of inorganic arsenic in Laminaria digitata but not in Ascophyllum nodosum samples from Ireland. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:17-23. [PMID: 28759813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed can accumulate inorganic arsenic (iAs) from seawater as hydrogen arsenate (HAsO42-) in place of the phosphate anion (HPO42-). While it is rapidly metabolised to organoarsenic species, predominantly arsenosugars and arsenolipids, iAs may be present in seaweed biomass and this poses a potential health concern for consumers of seaweed products. Here, the distribution of total (AsTOT) and iAs was determined in thallus parts of the kelp Laminaria digitata and the intertidal fucoid Ascophyllum nodosum (both Phaeophyceae) using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography - ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS). AsTOT ranged from 36 to 131 mg kg-1 dry weight (DW) in L. digitata, and from 38 to 111 mg kg-1 DW in A. nodosum, with no statistically significant differences between different thallus parts. iAs was detected in all A. nodosum samples, comprising less than 1% of the AsTOT content. Concentrations of iAs in L. digitata were significantly higher, ranging from 2.2 to 87 mg kg-1, increasing through the thallus from the stipe to the decaying distal blades. iAs comprised more than 50% of AsTOT in the middle to decaying distal blades. This finding has potential implications for harvesting, processing and use of Laminaria digitata in agri-, food and health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Ronan
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea Raab
- TESLA Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- TESLA Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Linda O'Hea
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Edi Bralatei
- TESLA Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Evin McGovern
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland.
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Li X, Chen Y, Ye J, Fu F, Pokhrel GR, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Yang G. Determination of different arsenic species in food-grade spirulina powder by ion chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3655-3661. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou China
| | - Jun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiamen China
| | - Fengfu Fu
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University; Fuzhou China
| | - Ganga Raj Pokhrel
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou China
| | - Huang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou China
| | - Yongguan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiamen China
| | - Guidi Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou China
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Abstract
Seaweeds contain arsenic primarily in the form of arsenosugars, which can be metabolized to a wide range of arsenic compounds. To characterize human exposure to arsenic from seaweed consumption, we determined concentrations of arsenic species in locally available seaweeds, and assessed urinary arsenic compounds in an experimental feeding study. A total of 11 volunteers consumed 10 g per day of three types of seaweeds (nori, kombu, and wakame) for three days each, while abstaining from rice and seafood following a three-day washout period. Urinary arsenosugars and their metabolites (including dimethyl arsenate (DMA), thio-dimethylarsinoylethanol (thio-DMAE), thio-dimethylarsinoylacetate (thio-DMAA), and thio-DMA) were measured in spot urine samples prior to seaweed consumption, and in 24-hour urine samples while consuming seaweed. Commercial products made from whole seaweed had substantial concentrations of arsenic (12-84 µg/g), dominated by arsenosugars. Intact arsenosugars along with DMA, thio-DMAA, thio-DMAE all increased in urine after ingesting each type of seaweed, and varied between seaweed types and between individuals. Only trace levels of the known toxic metabolite, thio-DMA, were observed, across individuals. Thio-DMAE and thio-DMAA are unique products of arsenosugar breakdown, thus assessment of these compounds may help to identify dietary intake of arsenic from seaweed from other exposure pathways.
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Bralatei E, Nekrosiute K, Ronan J, Raab A, McGovern E, Stengel DB, Krupp EM, Feldmann J. A field deployable method for a rapid screening analysis of inorganic arsenic in seaweed. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 184:1701-1709. [PMID: 28572689 PMCID: PMC5429896 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) in 13 store-bought edible seaweed samples and 34 dried kelp (Laminaria digitata) samples was determined by a newly developed, field-deployable method (FDM) with the aid of a field test kit for arsenic in water. Results from the FDM were compared to results from speciation analysis achieved by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). The FDM consisted of a simple extraction method using diluted HNO3 to quantitatively extract iAs without decomposing the organoarsenicals to iAs followed by the selective volatilisation of iAs as arsine (AsH3) and subsequent chemo-trapping on a filter paper soaked in mercury bromide (HgBr2) solution. Method optimization with a sub-set of samples showed 80-94% iAs recovery with the FDM with no matrix effect from organo-arsenic species in the form of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) on the iAs concentration. The method displayed good reproducibility with an average error of ±19% and validation by HPLC-ICP-MS showed that the results from the FDM were comparable (slope = 1.03, R2 = 0.70) to those from speciation analysis with no bias. The FDM can be conducted within an hour and the observed limit of quantification was around 0.05 mg kg-1 (dry weight). This method is well suited for on-site monitoring of iAs in seaweed before it is harvested and can thus be recommended for use as a screening method for iAs in seaweed. Graphical abstractScreening seaweed for their inorganic arsenic concentration within one hour without bias has been made possible in the field by using a field deployable arsenic kit. Its accuracy and precision was compared to HPLC-ICPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edi Bralatei
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE UK
| | - Karolina Nekrosiute
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE UK
| | - Jenny Ronan
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway Ireland
| | - Andrea Raab
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE UK
| | - Evin McGovern
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway Ireland
| | - Dagmar B. Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eva M. Krupp
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE UK
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3UE UK
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Wells ML, Potin P, Craigie JS, Raven JA, Merchant SS, Helliwell KE, Smith AG, Camire ME, Brawley SH. Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2016; 29:949-982. [PMID: 28458464 PMCID: PMC5387034 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for macroalgal and microalgal foods is growing, and algae are increasingly being consumed for functional benefits beyond the traditional considerations of nutrition and health. There is substantial evidence for the health benefits of algal-derived food products, but there remain considerable challenges in quantifying these benefits, as well as possible adverse effects. First, there is a limited understanding of nutritional composition across algal species, geographical regions, and seasons, all of which can substantially affect their dietary value. The second issue is quantifying which fractions of algal foods are bioavailable to humans, and which factors influence how food constituents are released, ranging from food preparation through genetic differentiation in the gut microbiome. Third is understanding how algal nutritional and functional constituents interact in human metabolism. Superimposed considerations are the effects of harvesting, storage, and food processing techniques that can dramatically influence the potential nutritive value of algal-derived foods. We highlight this rapidly advancing area of algal science with a particular focus on the key research required to assess better the health benefits of an alga or algal product. There are rich opportunities for phycologists in this emerging field, requiring exciting new experimental and collaborative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Wells
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Philippe Potin
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique Roscoff, CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - James S. Craigie
- National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - John A. Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee (James Hutton Inst), Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Sabeeha S. Merchant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr., East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Katherine E. Helliwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA UK
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB UK
| | - Alison G. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA UK
| | - Mary Ellen Camire
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Susan H. Brawley
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
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