51
|
Gao Y, Wei X, Wei P, Lu H, Zhong L, Tan J, Liu H, Liu Z. MOTS-c Functionally Prevents Metabolic Disorders. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010125. [PMID: 36677050 PMCID: PMC9866798 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides are a family of peptides encoded by short open reading frames in the mitochondrial genome, which have regulatory effects on mitochondrial functions, gene expression, and metabolic homeostasis of the body. As a new member of the mitochondrial-derived peptide family, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) is regarding a peptide hormone that could reduce insulin resistance, prevent obesity, improve muscle function, promote bone metabolism, enhance immune regulation, and postpone aging. MOTS-c plays these physiological functions mainly through activating the AICAR-AMPK signaling pathways by disrupting the folate-methionine cycle in cells. Recent studies have shown that the above hormonal effect can be achieved through MOTS-c regulating the expression of genes such as GLUT4, STAT3, and IL-10. However, there is a lack of articles summarizing the genes and pathways involved in the physiological activity of MOTS-c. This article aims to summarize and interpret the interesting and updated findings of MOTS-c-associated genes and pathways involved in pathological metabolic processes. Finally, it is expected to develop novel diagnostic markers and treatment approaches with MOTS-c to prevent and treat metabolic disorders in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xinran Wei
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Pingying Wei
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Luying Zhong
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guilin 541199, China
- Correspondence: (H.L); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-773-5892890 (Z.L.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Correspondence: (H.L); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-773-5892890 (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang M, Wang G, Pang X, Ma J, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I, Li S. MOTS-c repairs myocardial damage by inhibiting the CCN1/ERK1/2/EGR1 pathway in diabetic rats. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1060684. [PMID: 36687680 PMCID: PMC9846618 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1060684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac structure remodeling and dysfunction are common complications of diabetes, often leading to serious cardiovascular events. MOTS-c, a mitochondria-derived peptide, regulates metabolic homeostasis by accelerating glucose uptake and improving insulin sensitivity. Plasma levels of MOTS-c are decreased in patients with diabetes. MOTS-c can improve vascular endothelial function, making it a novel therapeutic target for the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We investigated the effects of MOTS-c on cardiac structure and function and analyzed transcriptomic characteristics in diabetic rats. Our results indicate that treatment with MOTS-c for 8-week repaired myocardial mitochondrial damage and preserved cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MOTS-c altered 47 disease causing genes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated MOTS-c attenuated diabetic heart disease involved apoptosis, immunoregulation, angiogenesis and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, MOTS-c reduced myocardial apoptosis by downregulating CCN1 genes and thereby inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2 and the expression of its downstream EGR1 gene. Our findings identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of T2D and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gangqiang Wang
- Physical Education Section, Chengdu Textile College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Shunchang Li,
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Luo YH, Xie L, Li JY, Xie Y, Li MQ, Zhou L. Serum MOTS-C Levels are Decreased in Obese Children and Associated with Vascular Endothelial Function. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1013-1020. [PMID: 37077579 PMCID: PMC10106799 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s403934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing prevalence of obesity in children and its associated risk with cardiovascular diseases demand more discovery of the novel biomarkers for developing new treatment options for this complex disease. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum MOTS-C (a peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome) levels and vascular endothelial function in obese children. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 225 obese children (aged 8.1 ± 2.6 years) and 218 healthy children (aged 7.9 ± 2.2 years) were enrolled. Related anthropometric assessment and biochemical evaluation were done in all subjects. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), as assessed by the peripheral arterial tonometry, was used for evaluation of peripheral endothelial function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the level of serum MOTS-C. RESULTS Levels of serum MOTS-C and RHI were lower in the obese children compared with the healthy children (P < 0.01). The RHI level was independently associated with body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and MOTS-C in linear regression analysis. Further analysis showed a significant mediating effect of MOTS-C on the correlation between body mass index and RHI in children, with the ratio of mediating effect value of 9.12%. CONCLUSION These data identify that MOTS-C is a previously unknown regulator in the development process of obesity-induced vascular changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xie
- Pediatric Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Qin Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Li Zhou, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18573477875, Email
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Amado CA, Martín-Audera P, Agüero J, Ferrer-Pargada D, Josa Laorden B, Boucle D, Berja A, Lavín BA, Guerra AR, Ghadban C, Muñoz P, García-Unzueta M. Alterations in circulating mitochondrial signals at hospital admission for COPD exacerbation. Chron Respir Dis 2023; 20:14799731231220058. [PMID: 38112134 PMCID: PMC10734331 DOI: 10.1177/14799731231220058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation (ECOPD) alters the natural course of the disease. To date, only C-reactive protein has been used as a biomarker in ECOPD, but it has important limitations. The mitochondria release peptides (Humanin (HN), FGF-21, GDF-15, MOTS-c and Romo1) under certain metabolic conditions. Here, we aimed to evaluate the pathophysiologic, diagnostic and prognostic value of measuring serum mitochondrial peptides at hospital admission in patients with ECOPD. METHODS A total of 51 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital for ECOPD were included and followed for 1 year; in addition, 160 participants with stable COPD from our out-patient clinic were recruited as controls. RESULTS Serum FGF-21 (p < .001), MOTS-c (p < .001) and Romo1 (p = .002) levels were lower, and GDF-15 (p < .001) levels were higher, in patients with ECOPD than stable COPD, but no differences were found in HN. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, MOTS-c (AUC 0.744, 95% CI 0.679-0.802, p < .001) and GDF-15 (AUC 0.735, 95% CI 0.670-0.793, p < .001) had the best diagnostic power for ECOPD, with a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of C-RP (AUC 0.796 95% IC 0.735-0.848, p < .001). FGF-21 (AUC 0.700, 95% CI 0.633-0.761, p < .001) and Romo1 (AUC 0.645 95% CI 0.573-0.712, p = .001) had lower diagnostic accuracy. HN levels did not differentiate patients with ECOPD versus stable COPD (p = .557). In Cox regression analysis, HN (HR 2.661, CI95% 1.009-7.016, p = .048) and MOTS-c (HR 3.441, CI95% 1.252-9.297, p = .016) levels exceeding mean levels were independent risk factors for re-admission. CONCLUSIONS Most mitochondrial peptides are altered in ECOPD, as compared with stable COPD. MOTS-c and GDF15 levels have a diagnostic accuracy similar to C-RP for ECOPD. HN and MOTS-c independently predict future re-hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Amado
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Martín-Audera
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Agüero
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Diego Ferrer-Pargada
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Begoña Josa Laorden
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Daymara Boucle
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Berja
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Bernardo A Lavín
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Armando R Guerra
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Ghadban
- IDIVAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Muñoz
- IDIVAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
- Management of Primary Care of Cantabria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Santander, Spain
| | - Mayte García-Unzueta
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Yi X, Hu G, Yang Y, Li J, Jin J, Chang B. Role of MOTS-c in the regulation of bone metabolism. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1149120. [PMID: 37200834 PMCID: PMC10185875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1149120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), is an essential regulatory mediator of cell protection and energy metabolism and is involved in the development of specific diseases. Recent studies have revealed that MOTS-c promotes osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Furthermore, it inhibits osteoclast production and mediates the regulation of bone metabolism and bone remodeling. Exercise effectively upregulates the expression of MOTS-c, but the specific mechanism of MOTS-c regulation in bone by exercise remains unclear. Therefore, this article reviewed the distribution and function of MOTS-c in the tissue, discussed the latest research developments in the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and proposed potential molecular mechanisms for the effect of exercise on the regulation of bone metabolism. This review provides a theoretical reference for establishing methods to prevent and treat skeletal metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Yi
- Social Science Research Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangxuan Hu
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Chang
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Chang,
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Zheng Y, Wei Z, Wang T. MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1120533. [PMID: 36761202 PMCID: PMC9905433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C (MOTS-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide composed of 16 amino acids encoded by the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. The MOTS-c protein is transferred to the nucleus during metabolic stress and directs the expression of nuclear genes to promote cell balance. Different tissues co-expressed the protein with mitochondria, and plasma also contained the protein, but its level decreased with age. In addition, MOTS-c has been shown to improve glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, which indicates its benefits for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and aging. Nevertheless, MOTS-c has been used less frequently in disease treatment, and no effective method of applying MOTS-c in the clinic has been developed. Throughout this paper, we discussed the discovery and physiological function of mitochondrial-derived polypeptide MOTS-c, and the application of MOTS-c in the treatment of various diseases, such as aging, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and inflammation. To provide additional ideas for future research and development, we tapped into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of MOTS-c to improve diseases and combined the technology with synthetic biology in order to offer a new approach to its development and application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Zheng
- Environmental and Operational Medicine Research Department, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilin Wei
- Environmental and Operational Medicine Research Department, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zilin Wei, ; Tianhui Wang,
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Environmental and Operational Medicine Research Department, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zilin Wei, ; Tianhui Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Qiu Y, Fernández-García B, Lehmann HI, Li G, Kroemer G, López-Otín C, Xiao J. Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:8-35. [PMID: 36374766 PMCID: PMC9923435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health, including the integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations, recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, as well as repair and regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise. This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions. We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Benjamin Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Anatomy, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cáncer (CIBERONC), Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Yang JE, Zhong WJ, Li JF, Lin YY, Liu FT, Tian H, Chen YJ, Luo XY, Zhuang SM. LINC00998-encoded micropeptide SMIM30 promotes the G1/S transition of cell cycle by regulating cytosolic calcium level. Mol Oncol 2022; 17:901-916. [PMID: 36495128 PMCID: PMC10158777 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of short open reading frame (sORF)-encoded micropeptides remain largely unknown. Here, we report that LINC00998, a previously annotated lncRNA, was upregulated in multiple cancer types and the sORF on LINC00998 encoded a micropeptide named SMIM30. SMIM30 was localized in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Silencing SMIM30 inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells in vitro and suppressed the growth of tumor xenografts and N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatoma. Overexpression of the 5'UTR-sORF sequence of LINC00998, encoding wild-type SMIM30, enhanced tumor cell growth, but this was abolished when a premature stop codon was introduced into the sORF via single-base deletion. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that SMIM30 peptide but not LINC00998 reduced cytosolic calcium level, increased CDK4, cyclin E2, phosphorylated-Rb and E2F1, and promoted the G1/S phase transition and cell proliferation. The effect of SMIM30 silencing was attenuated by a calcium chelator or the agonist of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump. These findings suggest a novel function of micropeptide SMIM30 in promoting G1/S transition and cell proliferation by enhancing SERCA activity and reducing cytosolic calcium level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-E Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang-Jing Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Feng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Mei Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Cuyàs E, Verdura S, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Circulating levels of MOTS-c in patients with breast cancer treated with metformin. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 15:892-897. [PMID: 36490309 PMCID: PMC10008497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mitokine MOTS-c is a mitochondrially-encoded "exercise-mimetic peptide" expressed in multiple tissues, particularly skeletal muscles, which can be detected as a circulating hormone in the blood. MOTS-c mechanisms of action (MoA) involve insulin sensitization, enhanced glucose utilization, suppression of mitochondrial respiration, and targeting of the folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway. Although MOTS-c MoA largely overlap those of the anti-diabetic biguanide metformin, the putative regulatory actions of metformin on MOTS-c have not yet been evaluated in detail. Here, we measured circulating MOTS-c in paired baseline and post-treatment sera obtained from HER2-positive breast cancer patients randomized to receive either metformin combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab or an equivalent regimen without metformin. We failed to find any significant alteration of circulating MOTS-c -as measured using the commercially available competitive ELISA CEX132Hu- in response to 24 weeks of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy/trastuzumab regimen with or without daily metformin. Changes in circulating MOTS-c levels failed to reach statistical significance when comparing patients achieving pathological complete response (pCR), irrespective of metformin treatment. The inability of metformin to target skeletal muscle, the major tissue for MOTS-c production and secretion, might limit its regulatory effects on circulating MOTS-c. Further studies are needed to definitely elucidate the nature of the interaction between metformin and MOTS-c in cancer and non-cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17005, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17005, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona 17190, Spain.,Clinical Research Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17005, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17005, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona 17190, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Shilovsky GA, Ashapkin VV. Transcription Factor Nrf2 and Mitochondria - Friends or Foes in the Regulation of Aging Rate. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1477-1486. [PMID: 36717441 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
At the first sight, the transcription factor Nrf2 as a master regulator of cellular antioxidant systems, and mitochondria as the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), should play the opposite roles in determining the pace of aging. However, since the causes of aging cannot be confined to the oxidative stress, the role of Nrf2 role cannot be limited to the regulation of antioxidant systems, and moreover, the role of mitochondria is not confined to the ROS production. In this review, we discussed only one aspect of this problem, namely, the molecular mechanisms of interaction between Nrf2 and mitochondria that influence the rate of aging and the lifespan. Experimental data accumulated so far show that the Nrf2 activity positively affects both the mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial quality control. Nrf2 influences the mitochondrial function through various mechanisms, e.g., regulation of nuclear genome-encoded mitochondrial proteins and changes in the balance of ROS or other metabolites that affect the functioning of mitochondria. In turn, multiple regulatory proteins functionally associated with the mitochondria affect the Nrf2 activity and even form mutual regulatory loops with Nrf2. We believe that these loops enable the fine-tuning of the cellular redox balance and, possibly, of the cellular metabolism as a whole. It has been commonly accepted for a long time that all mitochondrial regulatory signals are mediated by the nuclear genome-encoded proteins, whereas the mitochondrial genome encodes only a few respiratory chain proteins and two ribosomal RNAs. Relatively recently, mtDNA-encoded signal peptides have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the data on their interactions with the nuclear regulatory systems, first of all, Nrf2, and their possible involvement in the regulation of the aging rate. The interactions between regulatory cascades that link the programs ensuring the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cellular responses to the oxidative stress are a significant part of both aging and anti-aging programs. Therefore, understanding these interactions will be of great help in searching for the molecular targets to counteract aging-associated diseases and aging itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Shilovsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - Vasily V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Zheng X, Xiang M. Mitochondrion-located peptides and their pleiotropic physiological functions. FEBS J 2022; 289:6919-6935. [PMID: 35599630 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With the development of advanced technologies, many small open reading frames (sORFs) have been found to be translated into micropeptides. Interestingly, a considerable proportion of micropeptides are located in mitochondria, which are designated here as mitochondrion-located peptides (MLPs). These MLPs often contain a transmembrane domain and show a high degree of conservation across species. They usually act as co-factors of large proteins and play regulatory roles in mitochondria such as electron transport in the respiratory chain, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, metabolic homeostasis, and so on. Deficiency of MLPs disturbs diverse physiological processes including immunity, differentiation, and metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. These findings reveal crucial functions for MLPs and provide fresh insights into diverse mitochondrion-associated biological processes and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Abstract
The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue that mitochondria are the processor of the cell, and together with the nucleus and other organelles they constitute the mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, mitochondria (1) sense and respond to both endogenous and environmental inputs through morphological and functional remodeling; (2) integrate information through dynamic, network-based physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms; and (3) produce output signals that tune the functions of other organelles and systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows mitochondria to transduce metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, and other local or systemic signals that enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on mitochondrial signal transduction emphasizes the role of communication in mitochondrial biology. This framework also opens new avenues to understand how mitochondria mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
MOTS-c, the Most Recent Mitochondrial Derived Peptide in Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911991. [PMID: 36233287 PMCID: PMC9570330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c, a 16 amino acid mitochondrial derived peptide, is encoded from the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. Under stress conditions, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus where it regulates a wide range of genes in response to metabolic dysfunction. It is colocalized to mitochondria in various tissues and is found in plasma, but the levels decline with age. Since MOTS-c has important cellular functions as well as a possible hormonal role, it has been shown to have beneficial effects on age-related diseases including Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, Osteoporosis, postmenopausal obesity and Alzheimer. Aging is characterized by gradual loss of (mitochondrial) metabolic balance, decreased muscle homeostasis and eventual diminished physical capability, which potentially can be reversed with MOTS-c treatment. This review examines the latest findings on biological effects of MOTS-c as a nuclear regulatory peptide and focuses on the role of MOTS-c in aging and age-related disorders, including mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
64
|
Chen J, Li R, Knapp S, Zhu G, Whitener RL, Leiter EH, Mathews CE. Intergenomic and epistatic interactions control free radical mediated pancreatic β-cell damage. Front Genet 2022; 13:994501. [PMID: 36276935 PMCID: PMC9585181 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.994501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloxan (AL)-generated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) selectively destroy insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. A previous genome-wide scan (GWS) using a cohort of 296 F2 hybrids between NOD (AL-sensitive) and ALR (AL-resistant) mice identified linkages contributing to β-cell susceptibility or resistance to AL-induced diabetes on Chromosomes (Chr) 2, 3, 8, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in mt-Nd2 of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). AL treatment of congenic and consomic NOD mouse stocks confirmed resistance linked to both the mtDNA and the Chr 8 locus from ALR [NOD.mtALR.ALR-(D8Mit293-D8Mit137)]. To identify possible epistatic interactions, the GWS analysis was expanded to 678 F2 mice. ALR-derived diabetes-resistance linkages on Chr 8 as well as the mt-Nd2a allele were confirmed and novel additional linkages on Chr 4, 5, 6, 7, and 13 were identified. Epistasis was observed between the linkages on Chr 8 and 2 and Chr 8 and 6. Furthermore, the mt-Nd2 genotype affected the epistatic interactions between Chr 8 and 2. These results demonstrate that a combination of nuclear-cytoplasmic genome interactions regulates β-cell sensitivity to ROS-mediated ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Renhua Li
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Knapp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert L. Whitener
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Clayton E. Mathews,
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zhong P, Peng J, Hu Y, Zhang J, Shen C. Mitochondrial derived peptide MOTS-c prevents the development of heart failure under pressure overload conditions in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5369-5378. [PMID: 36156853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), has been shown to have multiple biological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis properties. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effect of MOTS-c peptide in an animal model of heart failure. The heart failure mouse model was made by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) operations. The MOTS-c peptide was administrated subcutaneously by using an osmotic pump. At the end of the animal experiment, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography, and heart tissues were subjected to histological and molecular analysis. In vitro cultured H9C2 cells were used to test the effects of MOTS-c overexpression on cell death in response to H2 O2 stimulation. Our study showed that MOTS-c peptide attenuated TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. In addition, the MOTS-c peptide reduced the inflammatory response and upregulated the antioxidant capacity, coupled with the activation of the AMPK pathway in the heart of the TAC mouse model. In in vitro cultured cardiac cells, overexpression of MOTS-c was shown to activate the AMPK pathway and protect cell apoptosis in response to H2 O2 stimulation. Taken together, our study suggested that MOTS-c peptides may have therapeutic potential in treating HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianye Peng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascu lar Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yewen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Medical Collage, Wuhan Central Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caijie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neural progenitors controls KDM5A to influence neuronal differentiation. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1461-1471. [PMID: 36056186 PMCID: PMC9534996 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria in neural progenitors play a crucial role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by being involved in fate decisions for differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria are related to the genetic regulation of neuronal differentiation in neural progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we show that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) in neural progenitors inhibits neuronal differentiation but has no effect on the neural progenitor stage. In line with the phenotypes shown in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice, Aβ-induced mitochondrial damage in neural progenitors results in deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Based on hippocampal proteome changes after mitochondrial damage in neural progenitors identified through proteomic analysis, we found that lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A) in neural progenitors epigenetically suppresses differentiation in response to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial damage characteristically causes KDM5A degradation in neural progenitors. Since KDM5A also binds to and activates neuronal genes involved in the early stage of differentiation, functional inhibition of KDM5A consequently inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We suggest that mitochondria in neural progenitors serve as the checkpoint for neuronal differentiation via KDM5A. Our findings not only reveal a cell-type-specific role of mitochondria but also suggest a new role of KDM5A in neural progenitors as a mediator of retrograde signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus, reflecting the mitochondrial status.
Collapse
|
67
|
García-Benlloch S, Revert-Ros F, Blesa JR, Alis R. MOTS-c promotes muscle differentiation in vitro. Peptides 2022; 155:170840. [PMID: 35842023 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12 S rRNA-c) is a newly discovered peptide that has been shown to have a protective role in whole-body metabolic homeostasis. This could be a consequence of the effect of MOTS-c on muscle tissue. Here, we investigated the role of MOTS-c in the differentiation of human (LHCN-M2) and murine (C2C12) muscle progenitor cells. Cells were treated with peptides at the onset of differentiation or after myotubes had been formed. We identified in silico a putative Src Homology 2 (SH2) binding motif in the YIFY region of the MOTS-c sequence, and created a Y8F mutant MOTS-c peptide to explore the role of this region. In both cellular models, treatment with wild-type MOTS-c peptide increased myotube formation whereas treatment with the Y8F peptide did not. MOTS-c wild-type, but not Y8F peptide, also protected against interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced reduction of nuclear myogenin staining in myocytes. Thus, we investigated whether MOTS-c interacts with the IL-6/Janus kinase/ Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and found that MOTS-c, but not the Y8F peptide, blocked the transcriptional activity of STAT3 induced by IL-6. Altogether, our findings suggest that, in muscle cells, MOTS-c interacts with STAT3 via the putative SH2 binding motif in the YIFY region to reduce STAT3 transcriptional activity, which enhances myotube formation. This newly discovered mechanism of action highlights MOTS-c as a potential therapeutic target against muscle-wasting in several diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra García-Benlloch
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/ Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Revert-Ros
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Rafael Blesa
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Alis
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; Present affiliation, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Petsouki E, Cabrera SNS, Heiss EH. AMPK and NRF2: Interactive players in the same team for cellular homeostasis? Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:75-93. [PMID: 35918013 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
NRF2 (Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2) is a stress responsive transcription factor lending cells resilience against oxidative, xenobiotic, and also nutrient or proteotoxic insults. AMPK (AMP-activated kinase), considered as prime regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, not only tunes metabolism to provide the cell at any time with sufficient ATP or building blocks, but also controls redox balance and inflammation. Due to observed overlapping cellular responses upon AMPK or NRF2 activation and common stressors impinging on both AMPK and NRF2 signaling, it is plausible to assume that AMPK and NRF2 signaling may interdepend and cooperate to readjust cellular homeostasis. After a short introduction of the two players this narrative review paints the current picture on how AMPK and NRF2 signaling might interact on the molecular level, and highlights their possible crosstalk in selected examples of pathophysiology or bioactivity of drugs and phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shara Natalia Sosa Cabrera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (VDS PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Jin P, Jiang J, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Fu L. Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35851420 PMCID: PMC9290242 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile environment are largely unknown. As the central organelle for cellular energy supply, mitochondria can rapidly undergo dynamic changes and integrate cellular signaling pathways to provide bioenergetic and biosynthetic flexibility for cancer cells, which contributes to multiple aspects of tumor characteristics, including drug resistance. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance has attracted increasing attention for various types of cancer. Multiple mitochondrial adaptation processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptotic regulatory machinery, have been demonstrated to be potential targets. However, recent increasing insights into mitochondria have revealed the complexity of mitochondrial structure and functions, the elusive functions of mitochondria in tumor biology, and the targeting inaccessibility of mitochondria, which have posed challenges for the clinical application of mitochondrial-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Therefore, discovery of both novel mitochondria-targeting agents and innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches is urgently required. Here, we review the most recent literature to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial stress adaptation and their intricate connection with cancer drug resistance. In addition, an overview of the emerging strategies to target mitochondria for effectively overcoming chemoresistance is highlighted, with an emphasis on drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery approaches, which may accelerate the application of mitochondria-targeting compounds for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Sun Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Pan N, Wan C. Identification of Microproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under Different Stress Conditions. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1939-1947. [PMID: 35838590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs) are microproteins with a length of 100 amino acids or less, which may play a critical role in maintaining cell homeostasis under stress. Therefore, we used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to explore microproteins potentially involved in cellular stress responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A total of 225 microproteins with 1920 unique peptides were identified under six culture conditions: normal, oxidation, starvation, ultraviolet radiation, heat shock, and heat shock with starvation. Among these microproteins, we found 70 SEPs with 75 unique peptides. The annotated microproteins are involved in stress-related processes, such as cell redox reactions, cell wall modification, protein folding and degradation, and DNA damage repair. It suggests that SEPs may also play similar functions under stress conditions. For example, SEP IP_008057, translated from a short coding sequence of YJL159W, may play a role in heat shock. This study identified stress-responsive SEPs in S. cerevisiae and provided valuable information to determine the functions of these proteins, which enrich the genome and proteome of S. cerevisiae and show clues to improving the stress tolerance of S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangmei Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Pan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Hyatt JK. MOTS-c increases in skeletal muscle following long-term physical activity and improves acute exercise performance after a single dose. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15377. [PMID: 35808870 PMCID: PMC9270643 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle adapts to aerobic exercise training, in part, through fast-to-slow phenotypic shifts and an expansion of mitochondrial networks. Recent research suggests that the local and systemic benefits of exercise training also may be modulated by the mitochondrial-derived peptide, MOTS-c. Using a combination of acute and chronic exercise challenges, the goal of the present study was to characterize the interrelationship between MOTS-c and exercise. Compared to sedentary controls, 4-8 weeks of voluntary running increased MOTS-c protein expression ~1.5-5-fold in rodent plantaris, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles and is sustained for 4-6 weeks of detraining. This MOTS-c increase coincides with elevations in mtDNA reflecting an expansion of the mitochondrial genome to aerobic training. In a second experiment, a single dose (15 mg/kg) of MOTS-c administered to untrained mice improved total running time (12% increase) and distance (15% increase) during an acute exercise test. In a final experiment, MOTS-c protein translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus in two of six mouse soleus muscles 1 h following a 90-min downhill running challenge; no nuclear translocation was observed in the plantaris muscles from the same animals. These findings indicate that MOTS-c protein accumulates within trained skeletal muscle likely through a concomitant increase in mtDNA. Furthermore, these data suggest that the systemic benefits of exercise are, in part, mediated by an expansion of the skeletal muscle-derived MOTS-c protein pool. The benefits of training may persist into a period of inactivity (e.g., detraining) resulting from a sustained increase in intramuscular MOTS-c proteins levels.
Collapse
|
72
|
Liu Y, Zeng S, Wu M. Novel insights into noncanonical open reading frames in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188755. [PMID: 35777601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With technological advances, previously neglected noncanonical open reading frames (nORFs) are drawing ever-increasing attention. However, the translation potential of numerous putative nORFs remains elusive, and the functions of noncanonical peptides have not been systemically summarized. Moreover, the relationship between noncanonical peptides and their counterpart protein or RNA products remains elusive and the clinical implementation of noncanonical peptides has not been explored. In this review, we highlight how recent technological advances such as ribosome profiling, bioinformatics approaches and CRISPR/Cas9 facilitate the research of noncanonical peptides. We delineate the features of each nORF category and the evolutionary process underneath the nORFs. Most importantly, we summarize the diversified functions of noncanonical peptides in cancer based on their subcellular location, which reflect their extensive participation in key pathways and essential cellular activities in cancer cells. Meanwhile, the equilibrium between noncanonical peptides and their corresponding transcripts or counterpart products may be dysregulated under pathological states, which is essential for their roles in cancer. Lastly, we explore their underestimated potential in clinical application as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Ludwig-Słomczyńska AH, Rehm M. Mitochondrial genome variations, mitochondrial-nuclear compatibility, and their association with metabolic diseases. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1156-1169. [PMID: 35491673 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two genomes regulate the energy metabolism of eukaryotic cells: the nuclear genome, which codes for most cellular proteins, and the mitochondrial genome, which, together with the nuclear genome, coregulates cellular bioenergetics. Therefore, mitochondrial genome variations can affect, directly or indirectly, all energy-dependent cellular processes and shape the metabolic state of the organism. This review provides a current and up-to-date overview on how codependent these two genomes are, how they appear to have coevolved, and how variations within the mitochondrial genome might be associated with the manifestation of metabolic diseases. This review summarizes and structures results obtained from epidemiological studies that identified links between mitochondrial haplogroups and individual risks for developing obesity and diabetes. This is complemented by findings on the compatibility of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and cellular bioenergetic fitness, which have been acquired from well-controlled studies in conplastic animal models. These elucidate, more mechanistically, how single-nucleotide variants can influence cellular metabolism and physiology. Overall, it seems that certain mitochondrial genome variations negatively affect mitochondrial-nuclear compatibility and are statistically linked with the onset of metabolic diseases, whereas, for others, greater uncertainty exists, and additional research into this exciting field is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Evolution of Mitochondrially Derived Peptides Humanin and MOTSc, and Changes in Insulin Sensitivity during Early Gestation in Women with and without Gestational Diabetes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113003. [PMID: 35683389 PMCID: PMC9181699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose is to study the evolution of mitochondrially derived peptides (MDPs) and their relationship with changes in insulin sensitivity from the early stages of pregnancy in a cohort of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes (GDM). MDPs (humanin and MOTSc) were assessed in the first and second trimesters of gestation in 28 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and a subgroup of 45 pregnant women without GDM matched by BMI, age, previous gestations, and time of sampling. Insulin resistance (IR) was defined as a HOMA-IR index ≥70th percentile. We observed a significant reduction in both humanin and MOTSc levels from the first to the second trimesters of pregnancy. After adjusting for predefined variables, including BMI, statistically nonsignificant associations between lower levels of humanin and the occurrence of a high HOMA-IR index were obtained (adjusted OR = 2.63 and 3.14 for the first and second trimesters, linear p-trend 0.260 and 0.175, respectively). Regarding MOTSc, an association was found only for the second trimester: adjusted OR = 7.68 (95% CI 1.49–39.67), linear p-trend = 0.012. No significant associations were observed in humanin change with insulin resistance throughout pregnancy, but changes in MOTSc levels were significantly associated with HOMA-IR index: adjusted OR 3.73 (95% CI 1.03–13.50). In conclusion, MOTSc levels, especially a strong decrease from the first to second trimester of gestation, may be involved in increasing insulin resistance during early gestation.
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
The mechanisms that explain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and healthspan continue to be studied, but one element has been unexplored: microproteins. Small open reading frames in circular mitochondria DNA can encode multiple microproteins, called mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs). Currently, eight MDPs have been published: humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLPs 1–6. This Review describes recent advances in microprotein discovery with a focus on MDPs. It discusses what is currently known about MDPs in aging and how this new understanding could add to the way we understand age-related diseases including type 2 diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases at the genomic, proteomic, and drug-development levels.
Collapse
|
76
|
Trumpff C, Owusu-Ansah E, Klein HU, Lee AJ, Petyuk V, Wingo TS, Wingo AP, Thambisetty M, Ferrucci L, Seyfried NT, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Picard M. Mitochondrial respiratory chain protein co-regulation in the human brain. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09353. [PMID: 35600441 PMCID: PMC9118667 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) function requires the stoichiometric interaction among dozens of proteins but their co-regulation has not been defined in the human brain. Here, using quantitative proteomics across three independent cohorts we systematically characterized the co-regulation patterns of mitochondrial RC proteins in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Whereas the abundance of RC protein subunits that physically assemble into stable complexes were correlated, indicating their co-regulation, RC assembly factors exhibited modest co-regulation. Within complex I, nuclear DNA-encoded subunits exhibited >2.5-times higher co-regulation than mitochondrial (mt)DNA-encoded subunits. Moreover, mtDNA copy number was unrelated to mtDNA-encoded subunits abundance, suggesting that mtDNA content is not limiting. Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains exhibited reduced abundance of complex I RC subunits, an effect largely driven by a 2-4% overall lower mitochondrial protein content. These findings provide foundational knowledge to identify molecular mechanisms contributing to age- and disease-related erosion of mitochondrial function in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Annie J. Lee
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Vladislav Petyuk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington State, USA
| | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aliza P. Wingo
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Yoon TK, Lee CH, Kwon O, Kim MS. Exercise, Mitohormesis, and Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C (MOTS-c). Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:402-413. [PMID: 35656563 PMCID: PMC9171157 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of mitochondrial stress are beneficial for organismal health and survival through a process known as mitohormesis. Mitohormetic responses occur during or after exercise and may mediate some salutary effects of exercise on metabolism. Exercise-related mitohormesis involves reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and release of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs). MDPs are a group of small peptides encoded by mitochondrial DNA with beneficial metabolic effects. Among MDPs, mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c (MOTS-c) is the most associated with exercise. MOTS-c expression levels increase in skeletal muscles, systemic circulation, and the hypothalamus upon exercise. Systemic MOTS-c administration increases exercise performance by boosting skeletal muscle stress responses and by enhancing metabolic adaptation to exercise. Exogenous MOTS-c also stimulates thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissues, thereby enhancing energy expenditure and contributing to the anti-obesity effects of exercise training. This review briefly summarizes the mitohormetic mechanisms of exercise with an emphasis on MOTS-c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kwan Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, H+ Yangji Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of of Biomedical Science & Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Mathuram TL, Townsend DM, Lynch VJ, Bederman I, Ye ZW, Zhang J, Sigurdson WJ, Prendergast E, Jobava R, Ferruzza JP, D’Angelo MR, Hatzoglou M, Perry Y, Blumental-Perry A. A Synthetic Small RNA Homologous to the D-Loop Transcript of mtDNA Enhances Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:772313. [PMID: 35464086 PMCID: PMC9020786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.772313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction is a hallmark of many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular and lung diseases, and cancers. We previously found that alveolar progenitor cells, which are more resistant to cigarette smoke-induced injury than the other cells of the lung parenchyma, upregulate the mtDNA-encoded small non-coding RNA mito-ncR-805 after exposure to smoke. The mito-ncR-805 acts as a retrograde signal between the mitochondria and the nucleus. Here, we identified a region of mito-ncR-805 that is conserved in the mammalian mitochondrial genomes and generated shorter versions of mouse and human transcripts (mmu-CR805 and hsa-LDL1, respectively), which differ in a few nucleotides and which we refer to as the "functional bit". Overexpression of mouse and human functional bits in either the mouse or the human lung epithelial cells led to an increase in the activity of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, stabilized the mitochondrial potential, conferred faster cell division, and lowered the levels of proapoptotic pseudokinase, TRIB3. Both oligos, mmu-CR805 and hsa-LDL1 conferred cross-species beneficial effects. Our data indicate a high degree of evolutionary conservation of retrograde signaling via a functional bit of the D-loop transcript, mito-ncR-805, in the mammals. This emphasizes the importance of the pathway and suggests a potential to develop this functional bit into a therapeutic agent that enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore L. Mathuram
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Danyelle M. Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vincent J. Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Wade J. Sigurdson
- Department of Medicine, Confocal Microscope and Flow Cytometry Facility, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Erin Prendergast
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Ferruzza
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mary R. D’Angelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yaron Perry
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Anna Blumental-Perry
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Zhang Z, Li Y, Yuan W, Wang Z, Wan C. Proteomic-driven identification of short open reading frame-encoded peptides. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100312. [PMID: 35384297 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that a large number of short open reading frames (sORFs) also have the ability to encode proteins. The discovery of sORFs opens up a new research area, leading to the identification and functional study of sORF encoded peptides (SEPs) at the omics level. Besides bioinformatics prediction and ribosomal profiling, mass spectrometry (MS) has become a significant tool as it directly detects the sequence of SEPs. Though MS-based proteomics methods have proved to be effective for qualitative and quantitative analysis of SEPs, the detection of SEPs is still a great challenge due to their low abundance and short sequence. To illustrate the progress in method development, we described and discussed the main steps of large-scale proteomics identification of SEPs, including SEP extraction and enrichment, MS detection, data processing and quality control, quantification, and function prediction and validation methods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Slavin MB, Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Moradi N, Hood DA. Regulatory networks controlling mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C913-C926. [PMID: 35353634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00065.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive plasticity of mitochondria within skeletal muscle is regulated by signals converging on a myriad of regulatory networks that operate during conditions of increased (i.e. exercise) and decreased (inactivity, disuse) energy requirements. Notably, some of the initial signals that induce adaptive responses are common to both conditions, differing in their magnitude and temporal pattern, to produce vastly opposing mitochondrial phenotypes. In response to exercise, signaling to PGC-1α and other regulators ultimately produces an abundance of high quality mitochondria, leading to reduced mitophagy and a higher mitochondrial content. This is accompanied by the presence of an enhanced protein quality control system that consists of the protein import machinery as well chaperones and proteases termed the UPRmt. The UPRmt monitors intra-organelle proteostasis, and strives to maintain a mito-nuclear balance between nuclear- and mtDNA-derived gene products via retrograde signaling from the organelle to the nucleus. In addition, antioxidant capacity is improved, affording greater protection against oxidative stress. In contrast, chronic disuse conditions produce similar signaling but result in decrements in mitochondrial quality and content. Thus, the interactive cross-talk of the regulatory networks that control organelle turnover during wide variations in muscle use and disuse remain incompletely understood, despite our improving knowledge of the traditional regulators of organelle content and function. This brief review acknowledges existing regulatory networks and summarizes recent discoveries of novel biological pathways involved in determining organelle biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, protein quality control and antioxidant capacity, identifying ample protein targets for therapeutic intervention that determine muscle and mitochondrial health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaela B Slavin
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neushaw Moradi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Farajnia S, Rahbarnia L, Khajehnasiri N, Zarredar H. Design of a hybrid peptide derived from Melittin and CXCL14 –C17: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
82
|
Walker BR, Moraes CT. Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030427. [PMID: 35327619 PMCID: PMC8946195 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cell’s major energy producers, also act as signaling hubs, interacting with other organelles both directly and indirectly. Despite having its own circular genome, the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA. To respond to changes in cell physiology, the mitochondria must send signals to the nucleus, which can, in turn, upregulate gene expression to alter metabolism or initiate a stress response. This is known as retrograde signaling. A variety of stimuli and pathways fall under the retrograde signaling umbrella. Mitochondrial dysfunction has already been shown to have severe implications for human health. Disruption of retrograde signaling, whether directly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction or cellular environmental changes, may also contribute to pathological deficits. In this review, we discuss known signaling pathways between the mitochondria and the nucleus, examine the possibility of direct contacts, and identify pathological consequences of an altered relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittni R. Walker
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm. 229, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Carlos T. Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm. 229, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-5858
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Yuanyuan J, Xinqiang Y. Micropeptides Identified from Human Genomes. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:865-873. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuanyuan
- School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yin Xinqiang
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Exogenous Bioactive Peptides Have a Potential Therapeutic Role in Delaying Aging in Rodent Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031421. [PMID: 35163342 PMCID: PMC8835817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, some exogenous bioactive peptides have been shown to have promising anti-aging effects. These exogenous peptides may have a mechanism similar to endogenous peptides, and some can even regulate the release of endogenous active peptides and play a synergistic role with endogenous active peptides. Most aging studies use rodents that are easy to maintain in the laboratory and have relatively homogenous genotypes. Moreover, many of the anti-aging studies using bioactive peptides in rodent models only focus on the activity of single endogenous or exogenous active peptides, while the regulatory effects of exogenous active peptides on endogenous active peptides remain largely under-investigated. Furthermore, the anti-aging activity studies only focus on the effects of these bioactive peptides in individual organs or systems. However, the pathological changes of one organ can usually lead to multi-organ complications. Some anti-aging bioactive peptides could be used for rescuing the multi-organ damage associated with aging. In this paper, we review recent reports on the anti-aging effects of bioactive peptides in rodents and summarize the mechanism of action for these peptides, as well as discuss the regulation of exogenous active peptides on endogenous active peptides.
Collapse
|
85
|
Rochette L, Rigal E, Dogon G, Malka G, Zeller M, Vergely C, Cottin Y. Mitochondrial-derived peptides: New markers for cardiometabolic dysfunction. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 115:48-56. [PMID: 34972639 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Great attention is being paid to the evaluation of new markers in blood circulation for the estimation of tissue metabolism disturbance. This endogenous disturbance may contribute to the onset and progression of cardiometabolic disease. In addition to their role in energy production and metabolism, mitochondria play a main function in cellular mechanisms, including apoptosis, oxidative stress and calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria produce mitochondrial-derived peptides that mediate the transcriptional stress response by translocating into the nucleus and interacting with deoxyribonucleic acid. This class of peptides includes humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid type c (MOTS-c) and small humanin-like peptides. Mitochondrial-derived peptides are regulators of metabolism, exerting cytoprotective effects through antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory responses and antiapoptosis; they are emerging biomarkers reflecting mitochondrial function, and the circulating concentration of these proteins can be used to diagnose cardiometabolic dysfunction. The aims of this review are: (1) to describe the emerging role for mitochondrial-derived peptides as biomarkers; and (2) to discuss the therapeutic application of these peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Eve Rigal
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Geoffrey Dogon
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Centre interface applications médicales (CIAM), université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Cardiology Unit, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
DeVito LM, Barzilai N, Cuervo AM, Niedernhofer LJ, Milman S, Levine M, Promislow D, Ferrucci L, Kuchel GA, Mannick J, Justice J, Gonzales MM, Kirkland JL, Cohen P, Campisi J. Extending human healthspan and longevity: a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1507:70-83. [PMID: 34498278 PMCID: PMC10231756 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For many years, it was believed that the aging process was inevitable and that age-related diseases could not be prevented or reversed. The geroscience hypothesis, however, posits that aging is, in fact, malleable and, by targeting the hallmarks of biological aging, it is indeed possible to alleviate age-related diseases and dysfunction and extend longevity. This field of geroscience thus aims to prevent the development of multiple disorders with age, thereby extending healthspan, with the reduction of morbidity toward the end of life. Experts in the field have made remarkable advancements in understanding the mechanisms underlying biological aging and identified ways to target aging pathways using both novel agents and repurposed therapies. While geroscience researchers currently face significant barriers in bringing therapies through clinical development, proof-of-concept studies, as well as early-stage clinical trials, are underway to assess the feasibility of drug evaluation and lay a regulatory foundation for future FDA approvals in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | | | - Sofiya Milman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George A Kuchel
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Jamie Justice
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mitzi M Gonzales
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Pinchas Cohen
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Judith Campisi
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkley, California
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Robson B. Computers and preventative diagnosis. A survey with bioinformatics examples of mitochondrial small open reading frame peptides as portents of a new generation of powerful biomarkers. Comput Biol Med 2022; 140:105116. [PMID: 34896883 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present brief survey is to alert developers in datamining, machine learning, inference methods, and other approaches in relation to diagnostic, predictive, and risk assessment medicine about a relatively new class of bioactive messaging peptides in which there is escalating interest. They provide patterns of communication and cross-chatter about states of health and disease within and, importantly, between cells (they also appear extracellularly in biological fluids). This chatter needs to be analyzed somewhat in the manner of the decryption of the Enigma code in the Second World War. It could lead not only to improved diagnosis but to predictive diagnosis, prediction of organ failure, and preventative medicine. This involves peptide products of short reading frames that have been previously somewhat neglected as unlikely gene products, with probably many examples in nuclear DNA, but certainly several known in the mitochondrial DNA. There is a great deal of knowledge now becoming available about the latter and itis believed thatthat the mRNA can be translated both by standard cytosolic and mitochondrial genetic codes, resulting in different peptides, adding a further level of complexity to the applications of bioinformatics and computational biology but a higher level of detail and sophistication to preventative diagnosis. The code to crack could be sophisticated and combinatorically complex to analyze by computers. Mitochondria may have combined with proto-eucaryotic cells some 2 billion years ago, only about a 7th of the age of the universe. Cells appeared some 2 billion years before that, also with possible signaling based on similar ideas. This makes life small in space but huge in time, refinement of which centrally involves these signaling processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Robson
- Ingine Inc. Viginia, USA and the Dirac Foundation OxfordShire UK.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Kim SJ, Devgan A, Miller B, Lee SM, Kumagai H, Wilson KA, Wassef G, Wong R, Mehta HH, Cohen P, Yen K. Humanin-induced autophagy plays important roles in skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130017. [PMID: 34624450 PMCID: PMC8595716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, a highly conserved homeostatic mechanism, is essential for cell survival. The decline of autophagy function has been implicated in various diseases as well as aging. Although mitochondria play a key role in the autophagy process, whether mitochondrial-derived peptides are involved in this process has not been explored. METHODS We developed a high through put screening method to identify potential autophagy inducers among mitochondrial-derived peptides. We used three different cell lines, mice, c.elegans, and a human cohort to validate the observation. RESULTS Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, increases autophagy and maintains autophagy flux in several cell types. Humanin administration increases the expression of autophagy-related genes and lowers accumulation of harmful misfolded proteins in mice skeletal muscle, suggesting that humanin-induced autophagy potentially contributes to the improved skeletal function. Moreover, autophagy is a critical role in humanin-induced lifespan extension in C. elegans. CONCLUSIONS Humanin is an autophagy inducer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This paper presents a significant, novel discovery regarding the role of the mitochondrial derived peptide humanin in autophagy regulation and as a possible therapeutic target for autophagy in various age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anjali Devgan
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam Mool Lee
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Gabriella Wassef
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Wong
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kelvin Yen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Salazar C, Barros M, Elorza AA, Ruiz LM. Dynamic Distribution of HIG2A between the Mitochondria and the Nucleus in Response to Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010389. [PMID: 35008815 PMCID: PMC8745331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory supercomplex formation requires HIG2A protein, which also has been associated with cell proliferation and cell survival under hypoxia. HIG2A protein localizes in mitochondria and nucleus. DNA methylation and mRNA expression of the HIGD2A gene show significant alterations in several cancers, suggesting a role for HIG2A in cancer biology. The present work aims to understand the dynamics of the HIG2A subcellular localization under cellular stress. We found that HIG2A protein levels increase under oxidative stress. H2O2 shifts HIG2A localization to the mitochondria, while rotenone shifts it to the nucleus. HIG2A protein colocalized at a higher level in the nucleus concerning the mitochondrial network under normoxia and hypoxia (2% O2). Hypoxia (2% O2) significantly increases HIG2A nuclear colocalization in C2C12 cells. In HEK293 cells, chemical hypoxia with CoCl2 (>1% O2) and FCCP mitochondrial uncoupling, the HIG2A protein decreased its nuclear localization and shifted to the mitochondria. This suggests that the HIG2A distribution pattern between the mitochondria and the nucleus depends on stress and cell type. HIG2A protein expression levels increase under cellular stresses such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. Its dynamic distribution between mitochondria and the nucleus in response to stress factors suggests a new communication system between the mitochondria and the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Salazar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Miriam Barros
- Confocal Microscopy Laboratory, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute in Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Lina María Ruiz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Emser SV, Schaschl H, Millesi E, Steinborn R. Extension of Mitogenome Enrichment Based on Single Long-Range PCR: mtDNAs and Putative Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides of Five Rodent Hibernators. Front Genet 2021; 12:685806. [PMID: 35027919 PMCID: PMC8749263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriching mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for sequencing entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can be achieved by single long-range PCR. This avoids interference from the omnipresent nuclear mtDNA sequences (NUMTs). The approach is currently restricted to the use of samples collected from humans and ray-finned fishes. Here, we extended the use of single long-range PCR by introducing back-to-back oligonucleotides that target a sequence of extraordinary homology across vertebrates. The assay was applied to five hibernating rodents, namely alpine marmot, Arctic and European ground squirrels, and common and garden dormice, four of which have not been fully sequenced before. Analysis of the novel mitogenomes focussed on the prediction of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) providing another level of information encoded by mtDNA. The comparison of MOTS-c, SHLP4 and SHLP6 sequences across vertebrate species identified segments of high homology that argue for future experimentation. In addition, we evaluated four candidate polymorphisms replacing an amino acid in mitochondrially encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system that were reported in relation to cold-adaptation. No obvious pattern was found for the diverse sets of mammalian species that either apply daily or multiday torpor or otherwise cope with cold. In summary, our single long-range PCR assay applying a pair of back-to-back primers that target a consensus sequence motif of Vertebrata has potential to amplify (intact) mitochondrial rings present in templates from a taxonomically diverse range of vertebrates. It could be promising for studying novel mitogenomes, mitotypes of a population and mitochondrial heteroplasmy in a sensitive, straightforward and flexible manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Emser
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Schaschl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Millesi
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Zhang X, Gao F. Exercise improves vascular health: Role of mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:347-359. [PMID: 34748911 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular mitochondria constantly integrate signals from environment and respond accordingly to match vascular function to metabolic requirements of the organ tissues, while mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to vascular aging and pathologies such as atherosclerosis, stenosis, and hypertension. As an effective lifestyle intervention, exercise induces extensive mitochondrial adaptations through vascular mechanical stress and the increased production and release of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide that activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, among which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role. PGC-1α coordinates mitochondrial quality control mechanisms to maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool and promote endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in vasculature. The mitochondrial adaptations to exercise improve bioenergetics, balance redox status, protect endothelial cells against detrimental insults, increase vascular plasticity, and ameliorate aging-related vascular dysfunction, thus benefiting vascular health. This review highlights recent findings of mitochondria as a central hub integrating exercise-afforded vascular benefits and its underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the mitochondrial adaptations to exercise will not only shed light on the mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection, but may also provide new clues to mitochondria-oriented precise exercise prescriptions for cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227053. [PMID: 34834147 PMCID: PMC8619776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are characterized by their wide range of biological activity: they regulate functions of the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. The mechanism of such action of peptides involves their ability to regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in plants, microorganisms, insects, birds, rodents, primates, and humans. Short peptides, consisting of 2-7 amino acid residues, can penetrate into the nuclei and nucleoli of cells and interact with the nucleosome, the histone proteins, and both single- and double-stranded DNA. DNA-peptide interactions, including sequence recognition in gene promoters, are important for template-directed synthetic reactions, replication, transcription, and reparation. Peptides can regulate the status of DNA methylation, which is an epigenetic mechanism for the activation or repression of genes in both the normal condition, as well as in cases of pathology and senescence. In this context, one can assume that short peptides were evolutionarily among the first signaling molecules that regulated the reactions of template-directed syntheses. This situation enhances the prospects of developing effective and safe immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, and other drugs based on short peptides.
Collapse
|
93
|
Exercise mimetics: harnessing the therapeutic effects of physical activity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:862-879. [PMID: 34103713 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise mimetics are a proposed class of therapeutics that specifically mimic or enhance the therapeutic effects of exercise. Increased physical activity has demonstrated positive effects in preventing and ameliorating a wide range of diseases, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer disease and dementia, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity, focusing on effects on brain function and cognitive enhancement. Emerging therapeutic targets and strategies for the development of exercise mimetics, particularly in the field of central nervous system disorders, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges, are discussed.
Collapse
|
94
|
Changes in MOTS-c Level in the Blood of Pregnant Women with Metabolic Disorders. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101032. [PMID: 34681131 PMCID: PMC8533113 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic relationships between mother and child are currently some of the most studied in the context of maternal imprinting. This is particularly important in the context of metabolic diseases as well as newly discovered peptides, proteins, and biologically active substances produced in the bodies of a mother and child. One of them is MOTS-c, which belongs to the group of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDP). The first reports show that it plays an important metabolic role in carbohydrate–lipid metabolism. We decided to investigate the concentration changes in MOTS-c levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood at delivery in healthy, obese, and hypothyroidism subjects. We found changes in MOTS-c levels depending on the metabolic condition of mothers. Abstract MOTS-c peptide is a member of the group of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDP). It is a product of the open reading frame in the 12S RNA gene. Due to its features and functions in the body, this peptide is classified as a hormone. The first publications indicated that this hormone improves insulin sensitivity and lowers body weight in obese animals. This suggests that it may be an important peptide in maintaining the body’s energy homeostasis. The aim of our work was to investigate the potential role of MOTS-c peptide during pregnancy, which is a condition prone to metabolic disorders. The research covered healthy, obese women and women with thyroid disorders. The obtained results indicated an increase in the concentration of MOTS-c in the blood of mothers and newborns in the obese group as compared to the healthy control group and a corresponding decrease in the concentration of this peptide in mothers and newborns in the group with hypothyroidism compared to the obese group. Moreover, we also observed a strong positive correlation between the concentration of MOTS-c in maternal blood and in umbilical cord blood. In summary, the MOTS-c peptide shows changes in blood concentration in various physiological states and may, in the future, become an important tool in the fight against metabolic diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
95
|
The mitochondrial signaling peptide MOTS-c improves myocardial performance during exercise training in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20077. [PMID: 34635713 PMCID: PMC8505603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a physiological adaptation to aerobic exercise and which is characterized by increases in ventricular volume and the number of cardiomyocytes. The mitochondrial derived peptide MOTS-c functions as an important regulator in physical capacity and performance. Exercise elevates levels of endogenous MOTS-c in circulation and in myocardium, while MOTS-c can significantly enhance exercise capacity. However, the effects of aerobic exercise combined with MOTS-c on cardiac structure and function are unclear. We used pressure–volume conductance catheter technique to examine cardiac function in exercised rats with and without treatment with MOTS-c. Surprisingly, MOTS-c improved myocardial mechanical efficiency, enhanced cardiac systolic function, and had a tendency to improve the diastolic function. The findings suggest that using exercise supplements could be used to modulate the cardiovascular benefits of athletic training.
Collapse
|
96
|
Zanini G, De Gaetano A, Selleri V, Savino G, Cossarizza A, Pinti M, Mattioli AV, Nasi M. Mitochondrial DNA and Exercise: Implications for Health and Injuries in Sports. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102575. [PMID: 34685555 PMCID: PMC8533813 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies have highlighted the tight connection between mitochondria and physical activity. Mitochondrial functions are important in high-demanding metabolic activities, such as endurance sports. Moreover, regular training positively affects metabolic health by increasing mitochondrial oxidative capacity and regulating glucose metabolism. Exercise could have multiple effects, also on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and vice versa; some studies have investigated how mtDNA polymorphisms can affect the performance of general athletes and mtDNA haplogroups seem to be related to the performance of elite endurance athletes. Along with several stimuli, including pathogens, stress, trauma, and reactive oxygen species, acute and intense exercise also seem to be responsible for mtDNA release into the cytoplasm and extracellular space, leading to the activation of the innate immune response. In addition, several sports are characterized by a higher frequency of injuries, including cranial trauma, associated with neurological consequences. However, with regular exercise, circulating cell-free mtDNA levels are kept low, perhaps promoting cf-mtDNA removal, acting as a protective factor against inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.D.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.D.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.D.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Gustavo Savino
- Department of Public Healthcare, Sports Medicine Service, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.D.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-5422
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Emerging methods for and novel insights gained by absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and its clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107995. [PMID: 34592204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past thirty years have seen a surge in interest in pathophysiological roles of mitochondria, and the accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) in cells and tissue samples is a fundamental aspect of assessing changes in mitochondrial health and biogenesis. Quantification of mCN between studies is surprisingly variable due to a combination of physiological variability and diverse protocols being used to measure this endpoint. The advent of novel methods to quantify nucleic acids like digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and high throughput sequencing offer the ability to measure absolute values of mCN. We conducted an in-depth survey of articles published between 1969 -- 2020 to create an overview of mCN values, to assess consensus values of tissue-specific mCN, and to evaluate consistency between methods of assessing mCN. We identify best practices for methods used to assess mCN, and we address the impact of using specific loci on the mitochondrial genome to determine mCN. Current data suggest that clinical measurement of mCN can provide diagnostic and prognostic value in a range of diseases and health conditions, with emphasis on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the advent of means to measure absolute mCN should improve future clinical applications of mCN measurements.
Collapse
|
98
|
Woodhead JST, Merry TL. Mitochondrial-derived peptides and exercise. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:130011. [PMID: 34520826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise, and in particular aerobic exercise, increases skeletal muscle energy demand causing mitochondrial stress, and mitochondrial-related adaptations which are a hallmark of exercise training. Given that mitochondria are central players in the exercise response, it is imperative that they have networks that can communicate their status both intra- and inter-cellularly. Peptides encoded by short open-reading frames within mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs), have been suggested to form a newly recognised branch of this retrograde signalling cascade that contribute to coordinating the adaptive response to regular exercise. Here we summarise the recent evidence that acute high intensity exercise in humans can increase concentrations of the MDPs humanin and MOTS-c in skeletal muscle and plasma, and speculate on the mechanisms controlling MDP responses to exercise stress. Evidence that exercise training results in chronic changes in MDP expression within tissues and the circulation is conflicting and may depend on the mode, duration, intensity of training plan and participant characteristics. Further research is required to define the effect of these variables on MDPs and to determine whether MDPs other than MOTS-c have exercise mimetic properties. MOTS-c treatment of young and aged mice improves exercise capacity/performance and leads to adaptions that are similar to that of being physically active (weight loss, increased antioxidant capacity and improved insulin sensitivity), however, studies utilising a MOTS-c inactivating genetic variant or combination of exercise + MOTS-c treatment in mice suggest that there are distinct and overlapping pathways through which exercise and MOTS-c evoke metabolic benefits. Overall, MOTS-c, and potentially other MDPs, may be exercise-sensitive myokines and further work is required to define inter- and intra-tissue targets in an exercise context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S T Woodhead
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Sequeira IR, Woodhead JST, Chan A, D'Souza RF, Wan J, Hollingsworth KG, Plank LD, Cohen P, Poppitt SD, Merry TL. Plasma mitochondrial derived peptides MOTS-c and SHLP2 positively associate with android and liver fat in people without diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129991. [PMID: 34419510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and hypothesised to form part of a retrograde signalling network that modulates adaptive responses to metabolic stress. To understand how metabolic stress regulates MDPs in humans we assessed the association between circulating MOTS-c and SHLP2 and components of metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as depot-specific fat mass in participants without overt type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. One-hundred and twenty-five Chinese participants (91 male, 34 female) had anthropometry, whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and fasted blood samples analysed. Chinese female participants and an additional 34 European Caucasian female participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) for visceral, pancreatic and liver fat quantification. In Chinese participants (age = 41 ± 1 years, BMI = 27.8 ± 3.9 kg/m2), plasma MOTS-c (315 ± 27 pg/ml) and SHLP2 (1393 ± 82 pg/ml) were elevated in those with MS (n = 26). While multiple components of the MS sequelae positively associated with both MOTS-c and SHLP2, including blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides, the most significant of these was waist circumference (p < 0.0001). Android fat had a greater effect on increasing plasma MOTS-c (p < 0.004) and SHLP2 (p < 0.009) relative to whole body fat. Associations with MRI/S parameters corrected for total body fat mass revealed that liver fat positively associated with plasma MOTS-c and SHLP2 and visceral fat with SHLP2. Consistent with hepatic stress being a driver of circulating MDP concentrations, plasma MOTS-c and SHLP2 were higher in participants with elevated liver damage markers and in male C57Bl/6j mice fed a diet that induces hepatic lipid accumulation and damage. Our findings provide evidence that in the absence of overt type 2 diabetes, components of the MS positively associated with levels of MOTS-c and SHLP2 and that android fat, in particular liver fat, is a primary driver of these associations. MOTS-c and SHLP2 have previously been shown to have cyto- and metabolo-protective properties, therefore we suggest that liver stress may be a mitochondrial peptide signal, and that mitochondrial peptides are part of a hepatic centric-hormetic response intended to restore metabolic balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan S T Woodhead
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alex Chan
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Randall F D'Souza
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kieren G Hollingsworth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; Riddet CoRE for Food and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Dabravolski SA, Nikiforov NG, Starodubova AV, Popkova TV, Orekhov AN. The Role of Mitochondria-Derived Peptides in Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168770. [PMID: 34445477 PMCID: PMC8396025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are small peptides hidden in the mitochondrial DNA, maintaining mitochondrial function and protecting cells under different stresses. Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin, MOTS-c and SHLP1-6. MDPs have demonstrated anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities, reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress-protecting properties both in vitro and in vivo. Recent research suggests that MDPs have a significant cardioprotective role, affecting CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) development and progression. CVDs are the leading cause of death globally; this term combines disorders of the blood vessels and heart. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in understanding the relationships between MDPs and the main cardiovascular risk factors (atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia and ageing). We also will discuss the therapeutic application of MDPs, modified and synthetic MDPs, and their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popkova
- V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|