51
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Laamanen C, Desjardins S, Senhorinho G, Scott J. Harvesting microalgae for health beneficial dietary supplements. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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52
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Seghiri R, Legrand J, Hsissou R, Essamri A. Comparative study of the impact of conventional and unconventional drying processes on phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira platensis. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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53
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Gao F, Woolschot S, Cabanelas ITD, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Light spectra as triggers for sorting improved strains of Tisochrysis lutea. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124434. [PMID: 33257166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is known that microalgae respond to different light colors, but not at single-cell level. This work aimed to assess if different light colors could be used as triggers to sort over-producing cells. Six light spectra were used: red + green + blue (RGBL), blue (BL), red (RL), green (GL), blue + red (BRL) and blue + green (BGL). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting method was used to analyse single-cell fluorescence and sort cells. BGL and RGBL lead to the highest fucoxanthin production, while RL showed the lowest. Therefore, it was hypothesized that hyper-producing cells can be isolated efficiently under the adverse condition (RL). After exposure to all light colors for 14 days, the top 1% fucoxanthin producing cells were sorted. A sorted strain from RL showed higher (16-19%) growth rate and fucoxanthin productivity. This study showed how light spectra affected single-cell fucoxanthin and lipid contents and productivities. Also, it supplied an approach to sort for high-fucoxanthin or high-lipid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzheng Gao
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Sep Woolschot
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - René H Wijffels
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Faculty Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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Gao F, Miao Y, Guo W, Zeng M. Microalgal nanosized polyphosphate bodies as novel iron supplements for iron-deficiency anemia treatment in rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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55
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Andeden EE, Ozturk S, Aslim B. Evaluation of Thirty Microalgal Isolates as Biodiesel Feedstocks Based on Lipid Productivity and Triacylglycerol (TAG) Content. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:775-788. [PMID: 33475780 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered feedstock for biodiesel production due to their capability to accumulate triacylglycerols, which have a 99% conversion rate into biodiesel, under certain conditions. This study aims to evaluate thirty native microalgal strains as feedstock for biodiesel production based on their biomass and lipid productivities, and total lipid and triacylglycerol contents under nitrogen-sufficient and nitrogen starvation conditions. In addition, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cw15 mutant strain was utilized as a reference strain for triacylglycerol accumulation. Among the eight potent strains, Chlorella vulgaris KP2 was considered as a most promising strain with the highest triacylglycerol content, highest total lipid content (28.56% of dry cell weight), and the highest lipid productivity (4.56 mg/L/day) under nitrogen starvation. Under nitrogen starvation, the major fatty acids in the triacylglycerol of Chlorella vulgaris KP2 were C18:1 (37.56%), C16:0 (23.16%), C18:0 (23.07), C18:2 (7.00%), and C18:3 (3.12%), and the percentages of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids represented 49.26, 38.73, and 10.12% of the total fatty acids, respectively. Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl esters of triacylglycerol displayed remarkable biodiesel properties with a lower iodine value (59.00 gI2/100 g), higher oxidative stability (14.24 h) and higher cetane number (58.73) under nitrogen starvation. This study suggests that nitrogen-starved Chlorella vulgaris KP2 could be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production due to the considerable amounts of triacylglycerol and favorable biodiesel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Ersoy Andeden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Sahlan Ozturk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey.
| | - Belma Aslim
- Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
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56
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Xing G, Li J, Li W, Lam SM, Yuan H, Shui G, Yang J. AP2/ERF and R2R3-MYB family transcription factors: potential associations between temperature stress and lipid metabolism in Auxenochlorella protothecoides. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:22. [PMID: 33451355 PMCID: PMC7811268 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily and R2R3-MYB family were from one of the largest diverse families of transcription factors (TFs) in plants, and played important roles in plant development and responses to various stresses. However, no systematic analysis of these TFs had been conducted in the green algae A. protothecoides heretofore. Temperature was a critical factor affecting growth and lipid metabolism of A. protothecoides. It also remained largely unknown whether these TFs would respond to temperature stress and be involved in controlling lipid metabolism process. RESULTS Hereby, a total of six AP2 TFs, six ERF TFs and six R2R3-MYB TFs were identified and their expression profiles were also analyzed under low-temperature (LT) and high-temperature (HT) stresses. Meanwhile, differential adjustments of lipid pathways were triggered, with enhanced triacylglycerol accumulation. A co-expression network was built between these 18 TFs and 32 lipid-metabolism-related genes, suggesting intrinsic associations between TFs and the regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study represented an important first step towards identifying functions and roles of AP2 superfamily and R2R3-MYB family in lipid adjustments and response to temperature stress. These findings would facilitate the biotechnological development in microalgae-based biofuel production and the better understanding of photosynthetic organisms' adaptive mechanism to temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wenli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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57
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Bates H, Zavafer A, Szabó M, Ralph PJ. The Phenobottle, an open-source photobioreactor platform for environmental simulation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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58
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The role of microalgae in the bioeconomy. N Biotechnol 2020; 61:99-107. [PMID: 33249179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bioeconomy is a new and essential paradigm for reducing our dependence on natural resources and responding to the environmental threats that the Earth is currently facing. In this regard, microalgae offer almost unlimited possibilities for developing a modern bioeconomy given their metabolic flexibility and high biomass output rates, even when produced under harsh conditions, such as when treating wastewaters or using flue gases. In this article, the microalgal contribution to important economic activities such as the production of food and feed, cosmetics and health-related compounds is reviewed. Moreover, potential contributions of microalgae to emerging sectors are discussed, as in the production of biomaterials, agriculture-related products, biofuels and provision of services such as wastewater treatment and the clean-up of industrial gases. The different microalgal production technologies have also been analyzed to identify the main bottlenecks affecting microalgal use in different applications. Finally, the major challenges facing microalgal biotechnology in enlarging its contribution to the bioeconomy are evaluated, and future trends discussed.
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Chungjatupornchai W, Fa-Aroonsawat S. Enhanced triacylglycerol production in oleaginous microalga Neochloris oleoabundans by co-overexpression of lipogenic genes: Plastidial LPAAT1 and ER-located DGAT2. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:124-130. [PMID: 33069576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate lipid triacylglycerol (TAG), a promising feedstock for production of natural edible oils and biofuels. To make products derived from microalgal TAG economically viable, increasing TAG content and productivity are of high importance. To increase TAG content, two endogenous key enzymes of TAG biosynthesis: plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (NeoLPAAT1) and endoplasmic reticulum-located diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (NeoDGAT2) were co-overexpressed in oleaginous microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. The neutral lipid content in NeoLPAAT1-NeoDGAT2 co-overexpressing transformant detected by Nile red staining increased 2-fold without compromising cell growth. The transcriptional levels of NeoLPAAT1 and NeoDGAT2 levels were 1.9-fold higher in the transformant than wild type. Considerably higher lipid accumulation was found in the transformant than wild type: total lipid content (73.72 ± 4.17 % DCW) increased 1.6-fold, TAG content (50.63 ± 6.15 % DCW) increased 2.1-fold, total lipid productivity (16.84 ± 0.66 mg/L/day) increased 1.9-fold, and TAG productivity (11.68 ± 0.90 mg/L/day) increased 2.1-fold. Fatty acid composition was slightly altered in the transformant compared to wild type; saturated fatty acid C16:0 increased to 26% from 20%, whereas C18:0 was reduced to 7% from 14%. Long-term stability of NeoLPAAT1-NeoDGAT2 co-overexpression was observed in the transformant continuously maintained on solid medium in a period of 4 years. The results suggested that targeted engineering of genes in pathway located at different organelles should be possible in microalgal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipa Chungjatupornchai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sirirat Fa-Aroonsawat
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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60
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Blandin G, Ferrari F, Lesage G, Le-Clech P, Héran M, Martinez-Lladó X. Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100284. [PMID: 33066490 PMCID: PMC7602145 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, osmotic membrane systems, such as forward osmosis (FO), have gained popularity as "soft" concentration processes. FO has unique properties by combining high rejection rate and low fouling propensity and can be operated without significant pressure or temperature gradient, and therefore can be considered as a potential candidate for a broad range of concentration applications where current technologies still suffer from critical limitations. This review extensively compiles and critically assesses recent considerations of FO as a concentration process for applications, including food and beverages, organics value added compounds, water reuse and nutrients recovery, treatment of waste streams and brine management. Specific requirements for the concentration process regarding the evaluation of concentration factor, modules and design and process operation, draw selection and fouling aspects are also described. Encouraging potential is demonstrated to concentrate streams more than 20-fold with high rejection rate of most compounds and preservation of added value products. For applications dealing with highly concentrated or complex streams, FO still features lower propensity to fouling compared to other membranes technologies along with good versatility and robustness. However, further assessments on lab and pilot scales are expected to better define the achievable concentration factor, rejection and effective concentration of valuable compounds and to clearly demonstrate process limitations (such as fouling or clogging) when reaching high concentration rate. Another important consideration is the draw solution selection and its recovery that should be in line with application needs (i.e., food compatible draw for food and beverage applications, high osmotic pressure for brine management, etc.) and be economically competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Blandin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Pierre Le-Clech
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Marc Héran
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Xavier Martinez-Lladó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
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61
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Slegers PM, Olivieri G, Breitmayer E, Sijtsma L, Eppink MHM, Wijffels RH, Reith JH. Design of Value Chains for Microalgal Biorefinery at Industrial Scale: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:550758. [PMID: 33015014 PMCID: PMC7510460 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.550758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to identify industrial scenarios for the most promising microalgal biorefinery value chains on the basis of product selection, yields, and techno-economic performance, using biological characteristics of algae species. The development, value creation, and validation of several new processing routes with applications in food, aquafeeds and non-food products were particularly considered in this work. The techno-economic performance of various single product value chains (SP) and multiproduct value chains (MP) was evaluated for four industrial microalgal strains. Cost-revenue optimization was done for a 10 kton microalgal dry weight y-1 simulated biorefinery plant, using flow sheeting software for equipment sizing, mass and energy flow modeling, and subsequent techno-economic evaluation. Data on yield, material and energy consumption were based on pre- and pilot size production plants (TRL 5-6). Revenue optimization was accomplished by first analyzing the performance of single product value chains of the microalgal strains. Subsequently, a strategy was developed to exploit almost all biomass based on the most promising microalgal strains. The cultivation costs are most of the time the major costs of the value chains. For the single product value chains common process bottlenecks are low product yields, especially for soluble proteins where only a small fraction of the biomass is leading to economic value. The biorefinery costs (excluding cultivation) vary significantly for various species, due to the species-specific operating conditions as well as differences in product yields. For the evaluated single product value chain scenarios the costs for utilities and other inputs were in general the highest contributing expenses. A biorefinery approach significantly increases the biomass utilization potential to marketable products from 7-28% to more than 97%. Although the cascading approach increases the total production costs of the multiproduct value chains significantly, this is more than compensated by the increased overall biomass revenue. For all selected multiproduct chains there is a significant potential to become profitable at a relevant industrial scale of 10 kton per year. Additional insights in the product functionality, quality, and their market size are needed to narrow down the wide range of foreseen product revenues and resulting profits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronella M Slegers
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Nova-Institute for Ecology and Innovation, Hürth, Germany.,Operations Research and Logistics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Olivieri
- Bioprocess Engineering - AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lolke Sijtsma
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michel H M Eppink
- Bioprocess Engineering - AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rene H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering - AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Johannes H Reith
- Bioprocess Engineering - AlgaePARC, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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62
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Barten RJ, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Bioprospecting and characterization of temperature tolerant microalgae from Bonaire. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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63
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Dai L, Hinrichs J, Weiss J. Ionic strength and pH stability of oil-in-water emulsions prepared with acid-hydrolyzed insoluble proteins from Chlorella protothecoides. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4237-4244. [PMID: 32378211 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorella protothecoides is one of the most widely commercialized and studied microalgae species. Recent research reported improved emulsifying properties of the insoluble protein fraction from C. protothecoides after thermal-acid treatment. RESULTS In this research, we studied the influence of ionic strength (sodium chloride 50-500 mmol L-1 or calcium chloride 5-50 m mol L-1 ) and pH (2-9) on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions prepared by 3% (w/w) of the untreated insoluble microalgae protein fraction or hydrolysates obtained after treatment with hydrochloric acid at 65 °C (Hydrolysates 65) or 85 °C (Hydrolysates 85) for 4 h. The emulsions were prepared by mixing 10% (w/w) oil and homogenized at 68.9 MPa. The ionic strength and pH were, subsequently, adjusted. The mean particle diameter of emulsions remained constant despite extensive variations in ionic strength or pH. Emulsion droplets stabilized by Hydrolysates 85 were stable against coalescence at all ionic strengths or pH values tested. CONCLUSION The results indicate a high potential to use acid-hydrolyzed insoluble microalgae protein fractions for the formulation of various emulsion-based food systems. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laixin Dai
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Hinrichs
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Weiss
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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64
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Katayama T, Nagao N, Kasan NA, Khatoon H, Rahman NA, Takahashi K, Furuya K, Yamada Y, Wahid MEA, Jusoh M. Bioprospecting of indigenous marine microalgae with ammonium tolerance from aquaculture ponds for microalgae cultivation with ammonium-rich wastewaters. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:113-120. [PMID: 32768414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We isolated fifty-two strains from the marine aquaculture ponds in Malaysia that were evaluated for their lipid production and ammonium tolerance and four isolates were selected as new ammonium tolerant microalgae with high-lipid production: TRG10-p102 Oocystis heteromucosa (Chlorophyceae); TRG10-p103 and TRG10-p105 Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae); and TRG10-p201 Amphora coffeiformis (Bacillariophyceae). Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) in three diatom strain was between 2.6 and 18.6 % of total fatty acids, which were higher than in O. heteromucosa. Only A. coffeiformi possessed arachidonic acid. Oocystis heteromucosa naturally grew at high ammonium concentrations (1.4-10 mM), whereas the growth of the other strains, T. weissflogii and A. coffeiformi, were visibly inhibited at high ammonium concentrations (>1.4 mM-NH4). However, two strains of T. weissflogii were able to grow at up to 10 mM-NH4 by gradually acclimating to higher ammonium concentrations. The ammonium tolerant strains, especially T. weissflogii which have high EPA contents, were identified as a valuable candidate for biomass production utilizing NH4-N media, such as ammonium-rich wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Katayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Norio Nagao
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azman Kasan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Helena Khatoon
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Norazira Abdu Rahman
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken Furuya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mohd Effendy Abd Wahid
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Malinna Jusoh
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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65
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Hu X, Tan D, Fu L, Sun X, Zhang J. Characterization of the mitochondrion genome of a Chlorella vulgaris strain isolated from rubber processing wastewater. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:2732-2733. [PMID: 33457925 PMCID: PMC7782133 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1789004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris ITBBA3-12 was isolated from the rubber processing wastewater and has a role in wastewater purification. Its complete mitogenome contains 88754 bp, with a G + C content of 29.7%. A total of 64 genes were annotated, including 34 protein-coding genes, 27 tRNA genes, three rRNA (rrn23, rrn16, and rrn5). Phylogenetic analysis using the mitogenomes of Trebouxiophyceae species indicated that the strain ITBBA3-12 is closely related to C. vulgaris strain UTEX259 and NJ-7, and they clustered in the Chlorella lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.,Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Deguan Tan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xuepiao Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.,Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China.,Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Ali Kubar A, Cheng J, Guo W, Kumar S, Song Y. Development of a single helical baffle to increase CO 2 gas and microalgal solution mixing and Chlorella PY-ZU1 biomass yield. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123253. [PMID: 32244074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A single helical baffle (SHB), consisting of twisted turns, was developed to convert straight flow into spiral flow in a Chlorella PY-ZU1 open raceway pond (ORWP) bubbled with 15% CO2. Microalgal solution flowing through the SHB alternative helical interspaces generated whirling flow both vertically and horizontally, which decreased mixing and increased mass transfer rates. The optimized SHB had a pitch length to total SHB length ratio of 0.13 and SHB diameter to ORWP single channel width ratio of 0.30, which decreased mixing times and increased mass transfer coefficients by 41.1% and 38.4% respectively. SHB moved Chlorella PY-ZU1 from the ORWP bottom to the top, increasing light exposure for photosynthesis. Cellular electron transfer rates and photochemical efficiency (φPSII) increased by 18%, chlorophyll a content increased by 16% and variable to maximum fluorescence ratio increased by 13%. The microalgal biomass of SHB ORWP was 23% higher than that of conventional ORWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Ali Kubar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wangbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yanmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Weise T, Grewe C, Pfaff M. Experimental and Model-Based Analysis to Optimize Microalgal Biomass Productivity in a Pilot-Scale Tubular Photobioreactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:453. [PMID: 32528939 PMCID: PMC7247861 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic coarse-grained model of microalgal growth considering light availability and temperature under discontinuous bioprocess operation was parameterized using experimental data from 15 batch cultivations of Nannochloropsis granulata in a pilot-scale tubular photobioreactor. The methodology applied consists of a consecutive two-step model parameter estimation using pooled, clustered and reorganized data to obtain initial estimates and multi-experiment fitting to obtain the final estimates, which are: maximum specific growth rate μmax = 1.56 d−1, specific photon half-saturation constant KS,ph = 1.89 molphgX-1d-1, specific photon maintenance coefficient mph = 0.346 molphgX-1d-1 and the cardinal temperatures Tmin = 2.3°C, Topt = 27.93°C and Tmax = 32.59°C. Biomass productivity prediction proved highly accurate, expressed by the mean absolute percent error MAPE = 7.2%. Model-based numerical optimization of biomass productivity for repeated discontinuous operation with respect to the process parameters cultivation cycle time, inoculation biomass concentration and temperature yielded productivity gains of up to 35%. This optimization points to best performance under continuous operation. The approach successfully applied here to small pilot-scale confirms an earlier one to lab-scale, indicating its transferability to larger scale tubular photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weise
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,BioControl Jena GmbH, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Michael Pfaff
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany
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68
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Bioplastic Production from Microalgae: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113842. [PMID: 32481700 PMCID: PMC7312682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plastic waste production around the world is increasing, which leads to global plastic waste pollution. The need for an innovative solution to reduce this pollution is inevitable. Increased recycling of plastic waste alone is not a comprehensive solution. Furthermore, decreasing fossil-based plastic usage is an important aspect of sustainability. As an alternative to fossil-based plastics in the market, bio-based plastics are gaining in popularity. According to the studies conducted, products with similar performance characteristics can be obtained using biological feedstocks instead of fossil-based sources. In particular, bioplastic production from microalgae is a new opportunity to be explored and further improved. The aim of this study is to determine the current state of bioplastic production technologies from microalgae species and reveal possible optimization opportunities in the process and application areas. Therefore, the species used as resources for bioplastic production, the microalgae cultivation methods and bioplastic material production methods from microalgae were summarized.
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69
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Eleršek T, Flisar K, Likozar B, Klemenčič M, Golob J, Kotnik T, Miklavčič D. Electroporation as a Solvent-Free Green Technique for Non-Destructive Extraction of Proteins and Lipids From Chlorella vulgaris. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:443. [PMID: 32478057 PMCID: PMC7237570 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins extracted from microalgae for food, personal care products and cosmetics must be of high purity, requiring solvent-free extraction techniques despite their generally considerably lower protein yield and higher energy consumption. Here, three such approaches for green extraction of proteins from Chlorella vulgaris were evaluated: ultrasound, freeze-thawing, and electroporation; chemical lysis was used as positive control (maximal achievable extraction), and no extraction treatment as negative control. Compared to chemical lysis, electroporation yielded the highest fraction of extracted protein mass in the supernatant (≤27%), ultrasound ≤24%, and freeze-thawing ≤15%. After a growth lag of several days, electroporated groups of algal cells started to exhibit growth dynamics similar to the negative control group, while no growth regeneration was detected in groups exposed to ultrasound, freeze-thawing, or chemical lysis. For electroporation as the most efficient and the only non-destructive among the considered solvent-free protein extraction techniques, simultaneous extraction of intracellular algal lipids into supernatant was then investigated by HPLC, proving relatively low-yield (≤7% of the total algal lipid mass), yet feasible for glycerides (tri-, di-, and mono-) as well as other fatty acid derivatives. Our results show that electroporation, though lower in extraction yields than chemical lysis or mechanical disintegration, is in contrast to them a technique for largely debris-free extraction of proteins from microalgae, with no need for prior concentration or drying, with feasible growth regeneration, and with potential for simultaneous extraction of intracellular algal lipids into the supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Eleršek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karel Flisar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Likozar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Klemenčič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janvit Golob
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Kotnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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70
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Sarkar S, Manna MS, Bhowmick TK, Gayen K. Priority-based multiple products from microalgae: review on techniques and strategies. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:590-607. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1753649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, India
| | - Mriganka Sekhar Manna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, India
| | - Tridib Kumar Bhowmick
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, India
| | - Kalyan Gayen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, India
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71
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Fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometrics for simultaneous monitoring of cell concentration, chlorophyll and fatty acids in Nannochloropsis oceanica. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7688. [PMID: 32376848 PMCID: PMC7203222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Online monitoring of algal biotechnological processes still requires development to support economic sustainability. In this work, fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with chemometric modelling is studied to monitor simultaneously several compounds of interest, such as chlorophyll and fatty acids, but also the biomass as a whole (cell concentration). Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM) were acquired in experiments where different environmental growing parameters were tested, namely light regime, temperature and nitrogen (replete or deplete medium). The prediction models developed have a high R2 for the validation data set for all five parameters monitored, specifically cell concentration (0.66), chlorophyll (0.78), and fatty acid as total (0.78), saturated (0.81) and unsaturated (0.74). Regression coefficient maps of the models show the importance of the pigment region for all outputs studied, and the protein-like fluorescence region for the cell concentration. These results demonstrate for the first time the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy for in vivo and real-time monitoring of these key performance parameters during Nannochloropsis oceanica cultivation.
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72
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Ricigliano VA. Microalgae as a promising and sustainable nutrition source for managed honey bees. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21658. [PMID: 31976574 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Managed honey bee colony losses are attributed to a number of interacting stressors, but many lines of evidence point to malnutrition as a primary factor. Commercial beekeepers have become increasingly reliant on artificial pollen substitute diets to nourish colonies during periods of forage scarcity and to bolster colony size before pollination services. These artificial diets may be deficient in essential macronutrients (proteins, lipids, prebiotic fibers), micronutrients (vitamins, minerals), and antioxidants. Therefore, improving the efficacy of pollen substitutes can be considered vital to modern beekeeping. Microalgae are prolific sources of plant-based nutrition with many species exhibiting biochemical profiles that are comparable to natural pollen. This emerging feed source has been employed in a variety of organisms, including limited applications in honey bees. Herein, I introduce the nutritional value and functional properties of microalgae, extrapolating to central aspects of honey bee physiology and health. To conclude, I discuss the potential of microalgae-based feeds to sustainably provision managed colonies on an agricultural scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Ricigliano
- Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research, USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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73
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Microalgae – A green multi-product biorefinery for future industrial prospects. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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74
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Abstract
Interest in pigment composition of microalgae species is growing as new natural pigments sources are being sought. However, we still have a limited number of species of microalgae exploited to obtain these compounds. Considering these facts, the detailed composition of carotenoids and chlorophylls of two species of green microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus bijuga) were determined for the first time by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS). A total of 17 different carotenoids were separated in all the extracts. Most of the carotenoids present in the two microalgae species are xanthophylls. C. sorokiniana presented 11 carotenoids (1408.46 μg g−1), and S. bijuga showed 16 carotenoids (1195.75 μg g−1). The main carotenoids detected in the two microalgae were all-trans-lutein and all-trans-β-carotene. All-trans-lutein was substantially higher in C. sorokiniana (59.01%), whereas all-trans-β-carotene was detected in higher quantitative values in S. bijuga (13.88%). Seven chlorophyll compounds were identified in both strains with different proportions in each species. Concentrations of chlorophyll representing 7.6% and 10.2% of the composition of the compounds present in the biomass of C. sorokiniana and S. bijuga, respectively. Relevant chlorophyll compounds are reported for the first time in these strains. The data obtained provide significant insights for microalgae pigment composition databases. The carotenoids and chlorophylls profile by HPLC-PDA-MS of microalgae is reported. Microalgae showed species-specific pigments profiles. 17 carotenoids and 7 chlorophylls were identified and quantified in details. The quantitative profile presented a prevalence of chlorophylls over carotenoids. Green microalgae are proposed as an interesting natural source of food pigments.
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75
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Solís-Andrade KI, Márquez-Escobar VA, González-Ortega O, Bañuelos-Hernandez B. Current advances in the algae-made biopharmaceuticals field. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:751-766. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1739643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Karla I. Solís-Andrade
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Verónica A. Márquez-Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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76
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Torres-Tiji Y, Fields FJ, Mayfield SP. Microalgae as a future food source. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107536. [PMID: 32194145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges that we face in the 21st century is the need to feed an ever-increasing human population with increasingly limited natural resources. Even today it is estimated that roughly 1 out of 9 people in the world are undernourished, of which the most important factor is protein-energy malnutrition. By establishing microalgae as a new food and feed platform, we have the opportunity to increase the supply of these essential products to address global demands in a more efficient and environmentally sustainable way. Many types of algae are nutritionally complete foods, their yields outperform most plant crops, and there is a growing set of tools to develop improved strains of algae. Similar improvements were achieved in traditional crops through thousands of years of breeding and strain selection, whereas with the newest genetic engineering tools and advanced strain selection techniques, similar changes can be implemented in microalgae in just a few years. Here we describe different strategies that could be used to enhance the nutritional content, productivity, and organoleptic traits of algae to help drive development of this new crop. Clearly developing more efficient, sustainable, and nutritious foods and feed would be an enormous benefit for the planet, and algae represents an opportunity to develop a new crop that would complement traditional agriculture, and one that could potential result in a more efficient means to meet the world's food and feed supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Torres-Tiji
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Francis J Fields
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen P Mayfield
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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77
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Magnetic fields: biomass potential of Spirulina sp. for food supplement. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1231-1240. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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78
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Suarez Ruiz CA, Baca SZ, van den Broek LA, van den Berg C, Wijffels RH, Eppink MH. Selective fractionation of free glucose and starch from microalgae using aqueous two-phase systems. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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79
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Prospects of integrating algae technologies into landfill leachate treatment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:39. [PMID: 32095995 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-2810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Landfilling of municipal waste, an environmental challenge worldwide, results in the continuous formation of significant amounts of leachate, which poses a severe contamination threat to ground and surface water resources. Landfill leachate (LL) is generated by rainwater percolating through disposed waste materials and must be treated effectively before safe discharge into the environment. LL contains numerous pollutants and toxic substances, such as dissolved organic matter, inorganic chemicals, heavy metals, and anthropogenic organic compounds. Currently, LL treatment is carried out by a combination of physical, chemical, and microbial technologies. Microalgae are now viewed as a promising sustainable addition to the repertoire of technologies for treating LL. Photosynthetic algae have been shown to grow in LL under laboratory conditions, while some species have also been employed in larger-scale LL treatments. Treating leachate with algae can contribute to sustainable waste management at existing landfills by remediating low-quality water for recycling and reuse and generating large amounts of algal biomass for cost-effective manufacturing of biofuels and bioproducts. In this review, we will examine LL composition, traditional leachate treatment technologies, LL toxicity to algae, and the potential of employing algae at LL treatment facilities. Emphasis is placed on how algae can be integrated with existing technologies for biological treatment of LL, turning leachate from an environmental liability to an asset that can produce value-added biofuels and bioproducts for the bioeconomy.
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80
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Pickett MT, Roberson LB, Calabria JL, Bullard TJ, Turner G, Yeh DH. Regenerative water purification for space applications: Needs, challenges, and technologies towards 'closing the loop'. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 24:64-82. [PMID: 31987481 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human missions to establish surface habitats on the Moon and Mars are planned in the coming decades. Extraplanetary surface habitat life support systems (LSS) will require new capabilities to withstand anticipated unique, harsh conditions. In order to provide safe, habitable environments for the crew, water purification systems that are robust and reliable must be in place. These water purification systems will be required to treat all sources of water in order to achieve the necessary levels of recovery needed to sustain life over the long-duration missions. Current water recovery and purification systems aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are only partially closed, requiring external inputs and resupply. Furthermore, organic wastes, such as fecal and food wastes, are currently discarded and not recycled. For long-duration missions and habitats, this is not a viable approach. The inability to recycle organic wastes represents a lost opportunity to recover critical elements (e.g., C, H, O, N, P) for subsequent food production, water purification, and atmospheric regeneration. On Earth, a variety of technologies are available to meet terrestrial wastewater treatment needs; however, these systems are rarely completely closed-loop, due to lack of economic drivers, legacy infrastructure, and the (perceived) abundance of resources on Earth. Extraplanetary LSS provides a game-changing opportunity to incentivize the development of completely closed-loop systems. Candidate technologies may be biological, physical, or chemical, with associated advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a survey of potential technologies, along with their inputs, outputs and requirements, which may be suitable for next-generation regenerative water purification in space. With this information, particular technologies can be down-selected for subsystem integration testing and optimization. In order for future space colonies to have closed-loop systems which minimize consumable inputs and maximize recovery, strategic implementation of a variety of complementary subsystems is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T Pickett
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; NASA, Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
| | - Luke B Roberson
- NASA, Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Gary Turner
- University of Texas-Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daniel H Yeh
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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81
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Stamenković M, Steinwall E, Nilsson AK, Wulff A. Fatty acids as chemotaxonomic and ecophysiological traits in green microalgae (desmids, Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta): A discriminant analysis approach. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112200. [PMID: 31756679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Desmids (Zygnematophyceae) are a group of poorly studied green microalgae. The aim of the present study was to identify fatty acids (FAs) that could be used as biomarkers in desmids in general, and to determine FAs as traits within different ecophysiological desmid groups. FA profiles of 29 desmid strains were determined and analysed with respect to their geographic origin, trophic preference and age of cultivation. It appeared that merely FAs present in relatively large proportions such as palmitic, linoleic, α-linolenic and hexadecatrienoic acids could be used as biomarkers for reliable categorization of this microalgal group. Linear discriminant analysis applied to three a priori defined groups of desmids, revealed clear strain-specific characteristics regarding FA distribution, influenced by climate and trophic conditions at the source sites as well as by the age of culture and growth phase. Accordingly, when considering FAs for the determination of lower taxonomic ranks we recommend using the term "trait" instead of "biomarker", as the latter designates unchangeable "fingerprint" of a specific taxon. Furthermore, despite that desmids were regarded as microalgae having stable genomes, long-term cultivation appeared to cause modifications in FA metabolic pathways, evident as a larger proportion of stearidonic acid in desmid strains cultivated over extensive time periods (>35 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stamenković
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE40530, Göteborg, Sweden; Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Elin Steinwall
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders K Nilsson
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia; Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE40530, Göteborg, Sweden
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82
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Woortman DV, Fuchs T, Striegel L, Fuchs M, Weber N, Brück TB, Rychlik M. Microalgae a Superior Source of Folates: Quantification of Folates in Halophile Microalgae by Stable Isotope Dilution Assay. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:481. [PMID: 32039182 PMCID: PMC6985443 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of human nutritional supplements based on Chlorella vulgaris biomass has recently been introduced to the specialty food market. In this study, an analysis of total folate contents in Chlorella sp. and a series of marine microalgae was conducted to evaluate folate content in alternative algae-based food production strains. For the first time, total folate content and vitamer distribution in microalgae were analyzed by stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) using LC-MS/MS, which has demonstrated its superiority with respect to folate quantification. Consistently, high folate contents were detected in all examined microalgae samples. High folate concentrations of 3,460 ± 134 μg/100 g dry biomass were detected in freshly cultivated Chlorella vulgaris, notably also in other well-researched microalgae strains. To that end, the highest folate content currently documented for any algae sample was measured in the marine microalgae Picochlorum sp. isolate with values of 6,470 ± 167 μg/100 g dry biomass. This calls for alternative products based on other algae biomass. Our data indicate that freshwater and marine microalgae provide extremely high concentrations of folates, which warrant further studies on the regulation of pteroylpolyglutamates in algae as well as on bioaccessibility, absorption, and retention in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Volker Woortman
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Fuchs
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Lisa Striegel
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Monika Fuchs
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Nadine Weber
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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83
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Jiménez Callejón MJ, Robles Medina A, Macías Sánchez MD, Esteban Cerdán L, González Moreno PA, Navarro López E, Hita Peña E, Grima EM. Obtaining highly pure EPA-rich lipids from dry and wet Nannochloropsis gaditana microalgal biomass using ethanol, hexane and acetone. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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84
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Sá M, Ferrer-Ledo N, Wijffels R, Crespo JG, Barbosa M, Galinha CF. Monitoring of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production in the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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85
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Hadizadeh Z, Mehrgan MS, Shekarabi SPH. The potential use of stickwater from a kilka fishmeal plant in Dunaliella salina cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2144-2154. [PMID: 31773526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the possibility of culturing Dunaliella salina in stickwater (SW) as the main effluent of fishmeal plants was evaluated. D. salina was grown in different media obtained by replacing standard Guillard medium (F/2) with SW at 0% (control), 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ratios. The cell density, pigment contents, proximate composition, saponification value, and fatty acids (FAs) profiles were measured for 14 days. SW was collected from a kilka fishmeal factory in northern Iran, and the characteristics indicated high concentrations of nitrate (242.00 mg L-1) and phosphate (11.13 mg L-1). A significant increase in the cell density was observed in 14 days when 75% SW was used. Moreover, SW significantly affected the pigment contents. The highest contents of chlorophylls, total carotenoids, and β-carotene (3.64 μg mL-1) were calculated in 75% SW. According to the algal proximate composition, the highest and lowest contents of lipid were accumulated in 75% and 100% SW, respectively (p < 0.05). The highest level of saturated FAs was observed in 75% SW compared with the others (p < 0.05). In conclusion, replacing F/2 with SW indicated the capability of D. salina to grow in a treated medium with 75% SW substitution as a bioremediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hadizadeh
- Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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86
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Ballesteros-Torres JM, Samaniego-Moreno L, Gomez-Flores R, Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Tamez-Guerra P. Amino acids and acylcarnitine production by Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae from wastewater culture. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7977. [PMID: 31824754 PMCID: PMC6896938 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are a widely distributed group of prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that use a number of substances present in wastewater to produce a variety of biotechnological and nutritional biomolecules. METHODS Production ofamino acids and acylcarnitine by Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana was determined after 13 d of culture in wastewater, under various culture conditions. Wastewater was collected from "La Encantada" stream, located in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Microalgae was cultured at 23°C and natural day light, including the use of the following conditions: (1) extra light (12:12 light:dark cycles, 1,380 lumens), (2) agitation (130 rpm), and (3) both conditions, until exponential phase. Supernatant products were then analyzed by liquid chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry. In addition, metabolomic profiles related to growing conditions were evaluated. RESULTS Amino acids and acylcarnitine production by C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris resulted in higher Ala and Leu concentrations by C. vulgaris compared with control, where control produced Gly and Pro in higher amounts compared with C. sorokiniana. Tyr, Phe, Val, and Cit were detected in lower amounts under light and shaking culture conditions. High concentrations of C0 acylcarnitines were produced by both microalgae compared with control, where C. sorokiniana production was independent of culture conditions, whereas C. vulgaris one was stimulated by shaking. C4 production was higher by C. sorokiniana compared with control. Furthermore, C4, C6DC, C14:1, C14:2, and C18:1OH production by microalga was low in all culture conditions. CONCLUSION Microalgae produced essential amino acids and nutritionally important carnitines from wastewater. In addition, C. sorokiniana biomass has higher potential as animal nutrient supplement, as compared with that of C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Ballesteros-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas (FCB), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Luis Samaniego-Moreno
- Departamento de Riego y Drenaje, Laboratorio de Calidad de Aguas, Universidad Autónoma Agraria “Antonio Narro” (UAAAN), Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas (FCB), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Reyes S. Tamez-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas (FCB), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas (FCB), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas (FCB), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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Mohler D, Wilson MH, Kesner S, Schambach JY, Vaughan D, Frazar M, Stewart J, Groppo J, Pace R, Crocker M. Beneficial re-use of industrial CO 2 emissions using microalgae: Demonstration assessment and biomass characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122014. [PMID: 31454733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel cyclic flow photobioreactor, designed for the capture and recycle of CO2 using microalgae, was deployed at a coal-fired power plant. Scenedesmus acutus was cultured continuously for a four-month period, during which a biomass productivity of 0.1-0.2 g L-1 day-1 was observed. Samples taken for DNA sequencing showed a strong correlation between the composition of the culture and environmental conditions. Dry and liquid biomass samples and the industrial fertilizers used for preparation of the nutrient medium were analyzed to determine the presence of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Se) and results were compared with standardized and/or regulated maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for metals in several possible algae derived products. Concentrations of the metals in dry algae biomass were consistent with the incorporation of metals from the supplied nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mohler
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - Michael H Wilson
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - Stephanie Kesner
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - Jenna Y Schambach
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Darin Vaughan
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Molly Frazar
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - Jennifer Stewart
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jack Groppo
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - Robert Pace
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Mark Crocker
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Zhu Y, Zhao X, Zhang X, Liu H. Extraction, structural and functional properties of Haematococcus pluvialis protein after pigment removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1073-1083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Yarnold J, Karan H, Oey M, Hankamer B. Microalgal Aquafeeds As Part of a Circular Bioeconomy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:959-970. [PMID: 31285128 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are unicellular plants, many of which are rich in protein, lipids, and bioactives and form an important part of the base of the natural aquatic food chain. Population growth, demand for high-quality protein, and depletion of wild fishstocks are forecast to increase aquacultural fish demand by 37% between 2016 and 2030. This review highlights the role of microalgae and recent advances that can support a sustainable 'circular' aquaculture industry. Microalgae-based feed supplements and recombinant therapeutic production offer significant opportunities to improve animal health, disease resistance, and yields. Critically, microalgae in biofloc, 'green water', nutrient remediation, and integrated multitrophic aquaculture technologies offer innovative solutions for economic and environmentally sustainable development in line with key UN Sustainability Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yarnold
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hakan Karan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Melanie Oey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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90
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Di Lena G, Casini I, Lucarini M, Sanchez del Pulgar J, Aguzzi A, Caproni R, Gabrielli P, Lombardi-Boccia G. Chemical characterization and nutritional evaluation of microalgal biomass from large-scale production: a comparative study of five species. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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91
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How Will We Eat and Produce in the Cities of the Future? From Edible Insects to Vertical Farming—A Study on the Perception and Acceptability of New Approaches. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11164315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global challenges such as climate change, increasing urbanization and a lack of transparency of food chains, have led to the development of innovative urban food production approaches, such as rooftop greenhouses, vertical farms, indoor farms, aquaponics as well as production sites for edible insects or micro-algae. Those approaches are still at an early stage of development and partly unknown among the public. The aim of our study was to identify the perception of sustainability, social acceptability and ethical aspects of these new approaches and products in urban food production. We conducted 19 qualitative expert interviews and applied qualitative content analysis. Our results revealed that major perceived benefits are educational effects, revaluation of city districts, efficient resource use, exploitation of new protein sources or strengthening of local economies. Major perceived conflicts concern negative side-effects, legal constraints or high investment costs. The extracted acceptance factors deal significantly with the “unknown”. A lack of understanding of the new approaches, uncertainty about their benefits, concerns about health risks, a lack of familiarity with the food products, and ethical doubts about animal welfare represent possible barriers. We conclude that adaptation of the unsuitable regulatory framework, which discourages investors, is an important first step to foster dissemination of the urban food production approaches.
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92
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Feeding effects of the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. on juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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93
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Suarez Garcia E, Lo C, Eppink M, Wijffels R, van den Berg C. Understanding mild cell disintegration of microalgae in bead mills for the release of biomolecules. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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94
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van der Weele C, Feindt P, Jan van der Goot A, van Mierlo B, van Boekel M. Meat alternatives: an integrative comparison. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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95
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Sidari R, Tofalo R. A Comprehensive Overview on Microalgal-Fortified/Based Food and Beverages. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1608557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Sidari
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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96
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Khawam G, Waller P, Gao S, Edmundson S, Wigmosta MS, Ogden K. Model of temperature, evaporation, and productivity in elevated experimental algae raceways and comparison with commercial raceways. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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97
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Albarello A, Simionato D, Morosinotto T, Bezzo F. Model-Based Optimization of Microalgae Growth in a Batch Plant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Albarello
- CAPE-Lab (Computer-Aided Process Engineering Laboratory) and PAR-Lab (Padova Algae Research Laboratory), Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D. Simionato
- TMCI Padovan SpA, via Caduti del Lavoro 7, 31029 Vittorio Veneto, Italy
| | - T. Morosinotto
- PAR-Lab (Padova Algae Research Laboratory), Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F. Bezzo
- CAPE-Lab (Computer-Aided Process Engineering Laboratory) and PAR-Lab (Padova Algae Research Laboratory), Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
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98
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Chungjatupornchai W, Areerat K, Fa-Aroonsawat S. Increased triacylglycerol production in oleaginous microalga Neochloris oleoabundans by overexpression of plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:53. [PMID: 30866936 PMCID: PMC6415348 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microalgae are promising sources of lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) for sustainable production of natural edible oils and biofuels. Nevertheless, products derived from microalgal TAG are not yet economically feasible; increasing TAG content via targeted genetic engineering of genes in TAG biosynthesis pathway are important to achieve economic viability. To increase TAG content, oleaginous microalga Neochloris oleoabundans was genetically engineered with the endogenous enzyme lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (NeoLPAAT1) responsible for plastidial TAG biosynthesis Results NeoLPAAT1 was found to contain all canonical motifs attributed to LPAAT proteins, two hypothetical membrane-spanning domains and a putative chloroplast transit peptide, indicating as a member of plastidial LPAAT type 1 subfamily. The NeoLPAAT1-expression cassette integrated in N. oleoabundans transformant was confirmed by PCR. The neutral lipid content in the transformant detected by Nile red staining was 1.6-fold higher than in wild type. The NeoLPAAT1 transcript was twofold higher in the transformant than wild type. Considerably higher lipid quantity was found in the transformant than wild type: total lipid content increased 1.8- to 1.9-fold up to 78.99 ± 1.75% dry cell weight (DCW) and total lipid productivity increased 1.8- to 2.4-fold up to 16.06 ± 2.68 mg/L/day; while TAG content increased 2.1- to 2.2-fold up to 55.40 ± 5.56% DCW and TAG productivity increased 1.9- to 2.8-fold up to 10.67 ± 2.37 mg/L/day. A slightly altered fatty acid composition was detected in the transformant compared to wild type; polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18:2) increased to 19% from 11%. NeoLPAAT1-overexpression stability was observed in the transformant continuously maintained in solid medium over 150 generations in a period of about 6 years. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the considerably increased TAG content and productivity in N. oleoabundans by overexpression of plastidial NeoLPAAT1 that are important for products derived from microalgal TAG to achieve economic viability. Plastidial LPAAT1 can be a candidate for target genetic manipulation to increase TAG content in other microalgal species with desired characteristics for production of natural edible oils and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipa Chungjatupornchai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Kanchanaporn Areerat
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Fa-Aroonsawat
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
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99
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Muys M, Sui Y, Schwaiger B, Lesueur C, Vandenheuvel D, Vermeir P, Vlaeminck SE. High variability in nutritional value and safety of commercially available Chlorella and Spirulina biomass indicates the need for smart production strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:247-257. [PMID: 30594834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass production is a resource-efficient answer to the exponentially increasing demand for protein, yet variability in biomass quality is largely unexplored. Nutritional value and safety were determined for Chlorella and Spirulina biomass from different producers, production batches and the same production batch. Chlorella presented a similar protein content (47 ± 8%) compared to Spirulina (48 ± 4%). However, protein quality, expressed as essential amino acid index, and digestibility were lower for Chlorella (1.1 ± 0.1 and 51 ± 9%, respectively) compared to Spirulina (1.3 ± 0.1 and 61 ± 4%, respectively). Generally, variability was lower between batches and within a batch. Heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics and nitrate did not violate regulatory limits, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels exceeded the norm for some samples, indicating the need for continuous monitoring. This first systematic screening of commercial microalgal biomass revealed a high nutritional variability, necessitating further optimization of cultivation and post-processing conditions. Based on price and quality, Spirulina was preferred above Chlorella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Muys
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Yixing Sui
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Barbara Schwaiger
- Lebensmittel Vertrauen Analysen LVA GmbH, Magdeburggasse 10, 3400 Klosterneuburg 236286 f, HG Wien, Austria
| | - Céline Lesueur
- Lebensmittel Vertrauen Analysen LVA GmbH, Magdeburggasse 10, 3400 Klosterneuburg 236286 f, HG Wien, Austria
| | - Dieter Vandenheuvel
- Research Group of Environmental Ecology & Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analysis, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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100
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Lafarge C, Cayot N. Insight on a comprehensive profile of volatile compounds of Chlorella vulgaris extracted by two "green" methods. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:918-929. [PMID: 30918634 PMCID: PMC6418431 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Some green extraction methods were selected and tested for the extraction of volatile compounds from different samples of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris: ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction using environment-friendly solvents (LLE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The obtained profiles of volatile chemical compounds were different. Only one molecule was found in common to both extractions. Using the SPME method, the main chemical classes of identified volatile compounds were sulfuric compounds, aldehydes, and alcohols. Using the LLE method, the volatile profile was more balanced with alkanes, fatty acids, terpenes, alcohols, and aldehydes. Multivariate data analyses permitted discrimination among samples. Additionally, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of identified volatile compounds and the methods of extraction was studied. The results showed that the LLE extraction allowed the extraction of volatile compounds having a high boiling point (>160°C) and a high log P (>3). The SPME method was more effective to extract volatile compounds with a low boiling point (<160°C) and a low log P (<3). It is thus necessary to combine several extraction methods to obtain a complete view of the volatile profile for microalgae samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Lafarge
- AgroSup DijonUMR PAM A02.102Université Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Nathalie Cayot
- AgroSup DijonUMR PAM A02.102Université Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
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