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Helfrich-Förster C, Monecke S, Spiousas I, Hovestadt T, Mitesser O, Wehr TA. Women temporarily synchronize their menstrual cycles with the luminance and gravimetric cycles of the Moon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe1358. [PMID: 33571128 PMCID: PMC7840133 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many species synchronize reproductive behavior with a particular phase of the lunar cycle to increase reproductive success. In humans, a lunar influence on reproductive behavior remains controversial, although the human menstrual cycle has a period close to that of the lunar cycle. Here, we analyzed long-term menstrual recordings of individual women with distinct methods for biological rhythm analysis. We show that women's menstrual cycles with a period longer than 27 days were intermittently synchronous with the Moon's luminance and/or gravimetric cycles. With age and upon exposure to artificial nocturnal light, menstrual cycles shortened and lost this synchrony. We hypothesize that in ancient times, human reproductive behavior was synchronous with the Moon but that our modern lifestyles have changed reproductive physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Helfrich-Förster
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Germany.
| | - S Monecke
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany
| | - I Spiousas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Hovestadt
- Theoretical Evolutionary Ecology Group, Biocenter, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - O Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - T A Wehr
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Siemann JK, Grueter BA, McMahon DG. Rhythms, Reward, and Blues: Consequences of Circadian Photoperiod on Affective and Reward Circuit Function. Neuroscience 2020; 457:220-234. [PMID: 33385488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Circadian disruptions, along with altered affective and reward states, are commonly associated with psychiatric disorders. In addition to genetics, the enduring influence of environmental factors in programming neural networks is of increased interest in assessing the underpinnings of mental health. The duration of daylight or photoperiod is known to impact both the serotonin and dopamine systems, which are implicated in mood and reward-based disorders. This review first examines the effects of circadian disruption and photoperiod in the serotonin system in both human and preclinical studies. We next highlight how brain regions crucial for the serotoninergic system (i.e., dorsal raphe nucleus; DRN), and dopaminergic (i.e., nucleus accumbens; NAc and ventral tegmental area; VTA) system are intertwined in overlapping circuitry, and play influential roles in the pathology of mood and reward-based disorders. We then focus on human and animal studies that demonstrate the impact of circadian factors on the dopaminergic system. Lastly, we discuss how environmental factors such as circadian photoperiod can impact the neural circuits that are responsible for regulating affective and reward states, offering novel insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology, systems, and therapeutic treatments necessary for mood and reward-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Siemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Brad A Grueter
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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53
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Falcón J, Torriglia A, Attia D, Viénot F, Gronfier C, Behar-Cohen F, Martinsons C, Hicks D. Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:602796. [PMID: 33304237 PMCID: PMC7701298 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.602796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview of the tremendous variety of light-detection strategies which have evolved in living organisms - unicellular, plants and animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), and the plethora of ocular and extra-ocular organs (animals). We describe the visual pigments which permit photo-detection, paying attention to their spectral characteristics, which extend from the ultraviolet into infrared. We discuss how organisms use light information in a way crucial for their development, growth and survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, and synchronization of circadian clocks. These aspects are treated in depth, as their perturbation underlies much of the disruptive effects of ALAN. The review goes into detail on circadian networks in living organisms, since these fundamental features are of critical importance in regulating the interface between environment and body. Especially, hormonal synthesis and secretion are often under circadian and circannual control, hence perturbation of the clock will lead to hormonal imbalance. The review addresses how the ubiquitous introduction of light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or in some cases reduce, the generalized ever-increasing light pollution. Numerous examples are given of how widespread exposure to ALAN is perturbing many aspects of plant and animal behaviour and survival: foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization and more. We examine the potential problems at the level of individual species and populations and extend the debate to the consequences for ecosystems. We stress, through a few examples, the synergistic harmful effects resulting from the impacts of ALAN combined with other anthropogenic pressures, which often impact the neuroendocrine loops in vertebrates. The article concludes by debating how these anthropogenic changes could be mitigated by more reasonable use of available technology - for example by restricting illumination to more essential areas and hours, directing lighting to avoid wasteful radiation and selecting spectral emissions, to reduce impact on circadian clocks. We end by discussing how society should take into account the potentially major consequences that ALAN has on the natural world and the repercussions for ongoing human health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Falcón
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS FRE 2030, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Ophtalmopole Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris - SU, Paris, France
| | - Dina Attia
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Claude Gronfier
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Waking Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Ophtalmopole Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris - SU, Paris, France
| | | | - David Hicks
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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54
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What if …. the Moon provides zeitgeber signals to humans? Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2646-2647. [PMID: 30116030 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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55
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Siemann JK, Williams P, Malik TN, Jackson CR, Green NH, Emeson RB, Levitt P, McMahon DG. Photoperiodic effects on monoamine signaling and gene expression throughout development in the serotonin and dopamine systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15437. [PMID: 32963273 PMCID: PMC7508939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoperiod or the duration of daylight has been implicated as a risk factor in the development of mood disorders. The dopamine and serotonin systems are impacted by photoperiod and are consistently associated with affective disorders. Hence, we evaluated, at multiple stages of postnatal development, the expression of key dopaminergic (TH) and serotonergic (Tph2, SERT, and Pet-1) genes, and midbrain monoamine content in mice raised under control Equinox (LD 12:12), Short winter-like (LD 8:16), or Long summer-like (LD 16:8) photoperiods. Focusing in early adulthood, we evaluated the midbrain levels of these serotonergic genes, and also assayed these gene levels in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) with RNAScope. Mice that developed under Short photoperiods demonstrated elevated midbrain TH expression levels, specifically during perinatal development compared to mice raised under Long photoperiods, and significantly decreased serotonin and dopamine content throughout the course of development. In adulthood, Long photoperiod mice demonstrated decreased midbrain Tph2 and SERT expression levels and reduced Tph2 levels in the DRN compared Short photoperiod mice. Thus, evaluating gene × environment interactions in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems during multiple stages of development may lead to novel insights into the underlying mechanisms in the development of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Siemann
- Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 8270 MRB III BioSci Bldg, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Piper Williams
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Turnee N Malik
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chad R Jackson
- Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 8270 MRB III BioSci Bldg, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Noah H Green
- Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 8270 MRB III BioSci Bldg, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ronald B Emeson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 8270 MRB III BioSci Bldg, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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56
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Chen J, Okimura K, Yoshimura T. Light and Hormones in Seasonal Regulation of Reproduction and Mood. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5879749. [PMID: 32738138 PMCID: PMC7442225 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organisms that inhabit the temperate zone exhibit various seasonal adaptive behaviors, including reproduction, hibernation, molting, and migration. Day length, known as photoperiod, is the most noise-free and widely used environmental cue that enables animals to anticipate the oncoming seasons and adapt their physiologies accordingly. Although less clear, some human traits also exhibit seasonality, such as birthrate, mood, cognitive brain responses, and various diseases. However, the molecular basis for human seasonality is poorly understood. Herein, we first review the underlying mechanisms of seasonal adaptive strategies of animals, including seasonal reproduction and stress responses during the breeding season. We then briefly summarize our recent discovery of signaling pathways involved in the winter depression-like phenotype in medaka fish. We believe that exploring the regulation of seasonal traits in animal models will provide insight into human seasonality and aid in the understanding of human diseases such as seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kousuke Okimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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57
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58
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McAllister M, Ryan C, Simes T, Bond S, Ford A, Lee Brien D. Rituals, ghosts and glorified babysitters: A narrative analysis of stories nurses shared about working the night shift. Nurs Inq 2020; 28:e12372. [PMID: 32648309 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Working the night shift can be fraught and experienced as demanding and, yet, is often dismissed as babysitting. Few researchers have explored the social and cultural meanings of night nursing, including storytelling rituals. In 2019, a narrative study was undertaken. The aim was to explore the stories recalled by nurses about working night shifts. Thirteen Australian nurses participated. Data were gathered using the Biographical Narrative Interview Method, and narrative analysis produced forty stories and three themes: strange and challenging experiences; colleagues can be mentors (or not); and textbook knowledge is only part of what is needed on night shift. Nursing students who engage with these stories may come to understand the challenges of the night shift, and the valuable work that nurses engage in throughout a 24-hr period, work that involves adept psychosocial and interpersonal skills alongside technical and physical competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McAllister
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Noosaville, QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen Ryan
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Noosaville, QLD, Australia
| | - Tracey Simes
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Noosaville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sue Bond
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Noosaville, QLD, Australia
| | - Abigail Ford
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Noosaville, QLD, Australia
| | - Donna Lee Brien
- School of Education and the Arts, Central Queensland University, Noosaville, QLD, Australia
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59
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Curtin P, Austin C, Curtin A, Gennings C, Figueroa-Romero C, Mikhail KA, Botero TM, Goutman SA, Feldman EL, Arora M. Dysregulated biodynamics in metabolic attractor systems precede the emergence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007773. [PMID: 32294079 PMCID: PMC7159190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms maintain homeostasis of essential elements, and are believed to be highly time-variant. However, current approaches measure elemental biomarkers at a few discrete time-points, ignoring complex higher-order dynamical features. To study dynamical properties of elemental homeostasis, we apply laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to tooth samples to generate 500 temporally sequential measurements of elemental concentrations from birth to 10 years. We applied dynamical system and Information Theory-based analyses to reveal the longest-known attractor system in mammalian biology underlying the metabolism of nutrient elements, and identify distinct and consistent transitions between stable and unstable states throughout development. Extending these dynamical features to disease prediction, we find that attractor topography of nutrient metabolism is altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as early as childhood, suggesting these pathways are involved in disease risk. Mechanistic analysis was undertaken in a transgenic mouse model of ALS, where we find similar marked disruptions in elemental attractor systems as in humans. Our results demonstrate the application of a phenomological analysis of dynamical systems underlying elemental metabolism, and emphasize the utility of these measures in characterizing risk of disease. The metabolism of essential elements in early life is essential to healthy growth and development. Elemental homeostasis is typically studied by characterizing distributions of elemental concentrations at the level of the population. Here, we introduce a new method of characterizing elemental metabolism at the level of the individual. Using tooth-based biomarkers, we tracked the longitudinal trajectory of essential elements throughout childhood at weekly temporal resolution from birth through approximately 10 years of life. We analyzed these trajectories to identify the formation of stable dynamic states (attractors) and transitions between these states throughout development. We found that metabolic dynamics were specific to discrete elemental pathways; copper metabolism typically involved the formation of multiple discrete states throughout childhood, whereas other elements, such as zinc, tended to persist in a single stable dynamic throughout development. Next, we compared elemental biodynamics in neurologically healthy cases and subjects that were later diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We found these patterns were dysregulated in ALS, and also found similar results in a mouse model of ALS. Overall, our results provide a novel approach to characterize elemental biodynamics throughout development, and emphasize that the dysregulation of these processes may be predictive of later onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PC); (MA)
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Austen Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Kristen A. Mikhail
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Tatiana M. Botero
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PC); (MA)
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60
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Seasonal changes in NRF2 antioxidant pathway regulates winter depression-like behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9594-9603. [PMID: 32277035 PMCID: PMC7196813 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000278117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
At high latitudes, about 10% of the population suffers from depression in winter. Although it has become a serious public health issue, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Interestingly, animals also show depression-like behavior in winter, and small teleosts have emerged as powerful models for the study of complex brain disorders. Here, we show that medaka exhibit decreased sociability and increased anxiety-like behavior under winter-like conditions. Using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we found changes in multiple signaling pathways involved in depression, including the NRF2 antioxidant pathway. Chemical genomics and targeted mutation of the NRF2 gene revealed that seasonal changes in the NRF2 pathway regulate winter depression-like behavior. This study provides insights into the understanding and treatment of seasonally regulated affective disorders. Seasonal changes in the environment lead to depression-like behaviors in humans and animals. The underlying mechanisms, however, are unknown. We observed decreased sociability and increased anxiety-like behavior in medaka fish exposed to winter-like conditions. Whole brain metabolomic analysis revealed seasonal changes in 68 metabolites, including neurotransmitters and antioxidants associated with depression. Transcriptome analysis identified 3,306 differentially expressed transcripts, including inflammatory markers, melanopsins, and circadian clock genes. Further analyses revealed seasonal changes in multiple signaling pathways implicated in depression, including the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) antioxidant pathway. A broad-spectrum chemical screen revealed that celastrol (a traditional Chinese medicine) uniquely reversed winter behavior. NRF2 is a celastrol target expressed in the habenula (HB), known to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of depression. Another NRF2 chemical activator phenocopied these effects, and an NRF2 mutant showed decreased sociability. Our study provides important insights into winter depression and offers potential therapeutic targets involving NRF2.
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61
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Schmal C, Herzel H, Myung J. Clocks in the Wild: Entrainment to Natural Light. Front Physiol 2020; 11:272. [PMID: 32300307 PMCID: PMC7142224 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Entrainment denotes a process of coordinating the internal circadian clock to external rhythmic time-cues (Zeitgeber), mainly light. It is facilitated by stronger Zeitgeber signals and smaller period differences between the internal clock and the external Zeitgeber. The phase of entrainment ψ is a result of this process on the side of the circadian clock. On Earth, the period of the day-night cycle is fixed to 24 h, while the periods of circadian clocks distribute widely due to natural variation within and between species. The strength and duration of light depend locally on season and geographic latitude. Therefore, entrainment characteristics of a circadian clock vary under a local light environment and distribute along geoecological settings. Using conceptual models of circadian clocks, we investigate how local conditions of natural light shape global patterning of entrainment through seasons. This clock-side entrainment paradigm enables us to predict systematic changes in the global distribution of chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schmal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Department Basic Sciences, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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62
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Takaki N, Uchiwa T, Furuse M, Yasuo S. Effect of postnatal photoperiod on DNA methylation dynamics in the mouse brain. Brain Res 2020; 1733:146725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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63
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Didikoglu A, Canal MM, Pendleton N, Payton A. Seasonality and season of birth effect in the
UK
Biobank cohort. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23417. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Maria Mercè Canal
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
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64
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Karoly PJ, Cook MJ, Maturana M, Nurse ES, Payne D, Brinkmann BH, Grayden DB, Dumanis SB, Richardson MP, Worrell GA, Schulze‐Bonhage A, Kuhlmann L, Freestone DR. Forecasting cycles of seizure likelihood. Epilepsia 2020; 61:776-786. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.16485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa J. Karoly
- Graeme Clark Institute and St Vincent’s Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mark J. Cook
- Graeme Clark Institute and St Vincent’s Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Matias Maturana
- Graeme Clark Institute and St Vincent’s Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Seer Medical Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ewan S. Nurse
- Graeme Clark Institute and St Vincent’s Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Seer Medical Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Daniel Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - David B. Grayden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Schulze‐Bonhage
- Faculty of Medicine Epilepsy Center Medical Center University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- European Reference Network EpiCare Freiburg Germany
| | - Levin Kuhlmann
- Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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65
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Miyama H, Shimura A, Furuichi W, Seki T, Ono K, Masuya J, Odagiri Y, Inoue S, Inoue T. Association of Chronotypes and Sleep Disturbance with Perceived Job Stressors and Stress Response: A Covariance Structure Analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1997-2005. [PMID: 32904619 PMCID: PMC7457392 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s262510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotype, which is a person's circadian characteristics throughout a day, greatly influences a person's lifestyle, health, and sleep pattern; however, the association between job stress and chronotype remains unknown to date. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effects of chronotype on the job stress response, and the mediating effects of sleep disturbance using path analysis. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 535 adult volunteers (239 men and 296 women; average age, 41.2 ± 11.9 years) from the community. Participants were evaluated using the Diurnal Type Scale for chronotype, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index for sleep disturbance, Brief Job Stress Questionnaire for job stressors, and the psychological and physical stress response (PPSR). To investigate the association between chronotype, sleep disturbance, perceived job stressors, and PPSR, a covariance structure analysis was performed. RESULTS The eveningness chronotype had a significant weak direct effect on sleep disturbance, perceived job stressors, and PPSR, and had a significant indirect effect through sleep disturbance. The perceived job stressors indirectly increased PPSR through sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance mediated the effects of the eveningness chronotype and perceived job stressors on PPSR. This model accounted for 37.3% of the variability in PPSR of adult workers. CONCLUSION Chronotype affected PPSR through sleep disturbance. Therefore, improving the sleep disturbance of workers with the eveningness chronotype may reduce their stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Miyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Maruyamasou Hospital, Ishioka, Ibaraki 315-0116, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Wataru Furuichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Seki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuko Odagiri
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Ma WG, Li B, Zhang W, Sarkar AEH, Tufail R, Peterss S, Zheng J, Zafar MA, Ziganshin BA, Zhu JM, Sun LZ, Elefteriades JA. Chronologic and Climatic Factors of Acute Aortic Dissection: Study of 1642 Patients in Two Continents. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 110:575-581. [PMID: 31891696 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine whether chronologic and climatic factors and lunar phases affect the onset of acute aortic dissection (AAD). METHODS The frequencies of AAD were analyzed with regard to the chronologic and climatic factors and lunar phases on the day when AAD occurred for 1642 patients with AAD from two aortic referral centers in the United States and China. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 51.6 ± 13.1 years, and 1260 (76.7%) were men. Dissection was type A in 1125 patients (68.5%) and type B in 517 (31.5%). Early mortality rate was 11.6% (190 of 1642), including 89 aortic ruptures before operation and 101 operative deaths. There was a winter peak in occurrence (33.6%, P < .01) with a relative risk of 1.519. In a week, the frequency was highest on Wednesday (15.5%) and Monday (15.2%), and lowest on Sunday (12.8%). Month-specific incidence was significantly inversely correlated to the mean temperature (rho = -0.650, P = .022) and directly correlated to the atmospheric pressure (rho = 0.706, P = .001). The proportion of type A dissection was significantly higher in the full moon phase compared with type B dissection (73.7% vs 66.9%, P = .012). CONCLUSIONS Acute aortic dissection exhibits significant chronologic variation in the frequency of occurrence, with a peak in winter and on Wednesdays, and nadir in summer and on Sundays. The incidence is significantly correlated to the mean temperature and atmospheric pressure. The proportion of type A dissection is higher in the full moon phase. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms involved in triggering AAD events and helpful for improving disease prevention and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abdullah E H Sarkar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rabeya Tufail
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sven Peterss
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mohammad A Zafar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bulat A Ziganshin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jun-Ming Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Li-Zhong Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Kim SH, Shim HS, Kang SM, Park H, Jin MH, Lee JH. Are there effects of lunar cycle on pediatric febrile seizure?: A single-center retrospective study (2005-2018). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:589-594. [PMID: 31539966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported an association between seizure and the lunar cycle; however, results are conflicting. Thus, we investigated whether emergency department (ED) visits due to febrile seizure (FS) or FS plus were affected by lunar cycle. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients who were admitted to the ED with a main diagnosis of FS or FS plus from January 1, 2005 to August 31, 2018 (13 years 8 months), a period of 4991 days with 169 lunar cycles. During that period, we collected weather data such as mean temperature, average atmospheric pressure (AP), and humidity according to lunar phase (new moon, first quarter, full moon, and third or last quarter). RESULTS A total of 1979 patients were identified. We found male predominant with a mean age of 2.62 ± 2.09 years. Acute pharyngotonsillitis was the most common cause of fever, generalized tonic-clonic seizure was the most common type of seizure, and the mean peak body temperature was 38.77 ± 0.81 °C. The lunar cycle did not affect the onset or frequency of FS after adjustment; however, several factors, including season, O3 and NO2 concentrations, and holidays, were associated with FS. CONCLUSION We did not find an association between lunar cycle and FS or FS plus. However, several factors, including season, O3, NO2, and holidays were associated with FS or FS plus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Seon Shim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Mynn Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Park
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
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Differential fitness effects of moonlight on plumage colour morphs in barn owls. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1331-1340. [PMID: 31477846 PMCID: PMC6728161 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Moon cycle exposes nocturnal life to variation in environmental light. However, whether moonlight shapes the fitness of nocturnal species with distinct colour variants remains unknown. Combining long-term monitoring, high-resolution GPS tracking, and experiments on prey, we show that barn owls (Tyto alba) with distinct plumage colourations are differently affected by moonlight. The reddest owls are less successful hunting and providing food to their offspring during moonlit nights, which associates with lower body mass and survival of the youngest nestlings and with female mates starting to lay eggs at low moonlight levels. Although moonlight should make white owls more conspicuous to prey, hunting and fitness of the whitest owls are positively or un-affected by moonlight. We experimentally show that, under full-moon conditions, white plumages trigger longer freezing times in the prey, which should facilitate prey catchability. We propose that the barn owl’s white plumage, a rare trait among nocturnal predators, exploits the known aversion of rodents to bright light, explaining why, counterintuitively, moonlight impacts less the whitest owls. Our study provides evidence for the long-suspected influence of the Moon on the evolution of colouration in nocturnal species, highlighting the importance of colour in nocturnal ecosystems.
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Dergaa I, Fessi MS, Chaabane M, Souissi N, Hammouda O. The effects of lunar cycle on the diurnal variations of short-term maximal performance, mood state, and perceived exertion. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1249-1257. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1637346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Dergaa
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, sport and health, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi
- Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, sport and health, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Unit, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
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Didikoglu A, Maharani A, Payton A, Pendleton N, Canal MM. Longitudinal change of sleep timing: association between chronotype and longevity in older adults. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1285-1300. [PMID: 31328571 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1641111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Evening-oriented sleep timing preferences have been associated with risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, psychiatric disorders, and increased mortality. This research aims to explore the relationship between diurnal preferences (chronotype), daily habits, metabolic health, and mortality, using longitudinal data from The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age (6375 participants at inception, recruited in the North of England) with a long follow-up period (up to 35.5 years). Mixed models were used to investigate the influence of aging, socio-demographic, and seasonal factors on sleep timing. Results show that sleep timing shifted towards earlier time with aging. Test seasons influence chronotype of older adults but working schedules challenge seasonality of sleep timing. Moreover, the season of birth may set chronotype in adulthood. Individual chronotype trajectories were clustered using latent class analysis and analyzed against metabolic health and mortality. We observed a higher risk of hypertension in the evening-type cluster compared to morning-type individuals (Odds ratio = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.02/3.47, p = .04). Evening-type cluster was also associated with traits related to lower health such as reduced sport participation, increased risk of depression and psychoticism personality, late eating, and increased smoking and alcohol usage. Finally, Cox regression of proportional hazards was used to study the effects of chronotype on longevity after adjusting for sleep duration, age, gender, smoking, alcohol usage, general health, and social class. The survival analysis (82.6% censored by death) revealed that evening-type chronotype increased the likelihood of mortality (Hazard ratio = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.04/1.26, p = .005). Taken together, chronotype is influenced by aging and seasonal effects. Evening-type preference may have detrimental outcomes for human well-being and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Asri Maharani
- a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Antony Payton
- b Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Maria Mercè Canal
- a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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71
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Oluwole OSA. Circatidal rhythm of void volume in young healthy adults. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1474570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Komada Y, Okajima I, Kitamura S, Inoue Y. A survey on social jetlag in Japan: a nationwide, cross-sectional internet survey. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-019-00229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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73
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Lucock M, Thota R, Garg M, Martin C, Jones P, Furst J, Yates Z, Jablonski NG, Chaplin G, Veysey M, Beckett E. Early lifecycle UV‐exposure calibrates adult vitamin D metabolism: Evidence for a developmentally originated vitamin D homeostat that may alter related adult phenotypes. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23272. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life SciencesUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - Rohith Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research GroupUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - Manohar Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research GroupUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - Charlotte Martin
- School of Environmental & Life SciencesUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - Patrice Jones
- School of Environmental & Life SciencesUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - John Furst
- Maths & Physical SciencesUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - Zoe Yates
- Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - Nina G. Jablonski
- Anthropology Department, 409 Carpenter Building, University ParkThe Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania
| | - George Chaplin
- Anthropology Department, 409 Carpenter Building, University ParkThe Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania
| | | | - Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental & Life SciencesUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
- Medicine & Public HealthUniversity of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
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Michel S, Meijer JH. From clock to functional pacemaker. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:482-493. [PMID: 30793396 PMCID: PMC7027845 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the central pacemaker that coordinates 24‐hr rhythms is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Individual neurons of the SCN have a molecular basis for rhythm generation and hence, they function as cell autonomous oscillators. Communication and synchronization among these neurons are crucial for obtaining a coherent rhythm at the population level, that can serve as a pace making signal for brain and body. Hence, the ability of single SCN neurons to produce circadian rhythms is equally important as the ability of these neurons to synchronize one another, to obtain a bona fide pacemaker at the SCN tissue level. In this chapter we will discuss the mechanisms underlying synchronization, and plasticity herein, which allows adaptation to changes in day length. Furthermore, we will discuss deterioration in synchronization among SCN neurons in aging, and gain in synchronization by voluntary physical activity or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Michel
- Group Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Group Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gasperoni F, Turini P, Agostinelli E. A novel comprehensive paradigm for the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: therapeutic approaches and future perspectives on its treatment. Amino Acids 2019; 51:745-759. [PMID: 30887124 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that variation in the geographical distribution of prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) exists: increasing the latitude its prevalence increases as well, but the underlying causes of such dissimilarity still remained elusive as of today. Currently, the most accredited hypothesis is that the closer to the equator the more pronounced is the amount of sunlight which, in turn, increases the production of vitamin D. Cholecalciferol is indeed deficient in MS patients, but this factor does not explain by itself the etiopathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, to search for a pattern and provide a model of the disease's etiology consistent with this regional factor, as well with its changing ethnic, sex-ratio, lifestyle variations and the other unexplained aspects of MS, an extensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature and data was conducted. The arisen hypothesis was that, increasing the latitude, the factor that varies and can have the stronger effect on the human organism, is the continuous and ever-increasing diversity of the natural light-dark cycle. The consequent effort of the suprachiasmatic nucleus to entrain the organism's circadian rhythm affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis resulting in desynchronizing the central and peripheral circadian clocks and pathologizing the immunitary system. To verify such hypothesis, a theoretical framework of the etiopathogenesis, coherent with the gathered literature, was conceived and a demonstration to corroborate it was eventually devised and performed. The results underscored that people living in countries subjected to a further circadian disruptive factor, as daylight saving time, have a 6.35 times higher prevalence of MS than States placed on their same latitude that do not observe it, thus strongly supporting the hypothesis. As further reinforcement of the conclusions, it is worth mentioning that the levels of polyamines rise abruptly in autoimmune diseases. Moreover, among their numerous roles, these polycations participate to the regulation of the circadian clock so their sudden variation might disrupt it. Following these interesting findings, new perspectives in therapies are, therefore, proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gasperoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, 00159, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Turini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, 00159, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, 00159, Rome, Italy.
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Kanikowska D, Roszak M, Rutkowski R, Sato M, Sikorska D, Orzechowska Z, Bręborowicz A, Witowski J. Seasonal differences in rhythmicity of salivary cortisol in healthy adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:764-770. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00972.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of seasonal changes in secretion of stress hormones and inflammatory mediators by humans is not certain. Here, we aimed to determine whether concentrations of cortisol and IL-6 displayed seasonal rhythmicity. The study was performed in Poznań, Poland (52°N, 16°E) in 7 healthy female volunteers (age 22.6 ± 0.8 yr). Samples of whole mixed unstimulated saliva were collected in winter (February) and summer (June) at 2-h intervals over a 24-h period and analyzed for cortisol and IL-6 by immunoassays. During each season, the subjects answered questionnaires related to their sleeping habits, food intake, physical activity, and perceived seasonality. It turned out that salivary concentrations of cortisol followed a daily rhythm both in winter and summer, as determined by a cosine analysis. However, compared with the winter season, a midline-estimating statistic of rhythm in the summer was significantly higher. Moreover, the rhythm acrophase occurred ~4 h later in the summer than in the winter, whereas the amplitudes did not differ. These fluctuations did not correspond to sleeping habits, food and fluid intake, physical exercise, and the self-assessed chronotype. However, the individuals with higher scores on the seasonal affective disorder scale showed a tendency toward lower relative cortisol amplitude in the summer. In contrast to cortisol, salivary IL-6 concentration did not display daily rhythmicity, and its concentrations did not differ significantly between the seasons. In conclusion, in the summer, cortisol level in saliva is elevated, and its circadian pattern of secretion is shifted. The causes for these alterations do not seem to be related to lifestyle and thus remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kanikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Roszak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Rutkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maki Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dorota Sikorska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zofia Orzechowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Najem J, Saber M, Aoun C, El Osta N, Papazian T, Rabbaa Khabbaz L. Prevalence of food addiction and association with stress, sleep quality and chronotype: A cross-sectional survey among university students. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:533-539. [PMID: 30878156 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Food addiction (FA) is defined as an insatiable desire for the consumption of specific high-fat, high-sugar foods beyond the required energy needs for sustenance. The aims of this study were to determine FA prevalence and to assess associations between FA, stress, sleep quality and chronotype among university students. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted among students from 8 major Lebanese universities. Students were randomly selected and requested to fill the questionnaire. 644 agreed to participate. Data were collected via a face-to-face interview conducted by 2 trained research assistants. PARTICIPANTS University students above 18 years old and not presenting any cognitive or chronic illnesses, after signing a written consent form. MEASUREMENTS In addition to sociodemographic data, all participants filled the following self-administered standardized and validated questionnaires: Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). FINDINGS FA prevalence was 10.1% with a 95% confidence interval of 7.8-12.4%. 56.5% of all the participants had a poor quality of sleep, whereas 81.2% of the participants presenting FA experienced a poor sleep quality (versus 57.2% when no FA is present). 70.2% of the students presented an intermediate chronotype, 20.5% an evening chronotype and 8.7% a morning chronotype. Age, smoking status, BMI, PSS and PSQI remained significantly correlated to the continuous YFAS score in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings denote the importance of identifying and offering help to individuals presenting a FA because it is frequent among youth, associated to higher BMI and to smoking, seems to be a very intertwined and complex phenomenon coexisting with other neuropsychiatric problems, such as stress and poor sleep quality and therefore can have serious health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Najem
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maroun Saber
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Aoun
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 4847, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique, BP10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tatiana Papazian
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Sato F, Otsuka T, Kohsaka A, Le HT, Bhawal UK, Muragaki Y. Smad3 Suppresses Epithelial Cell Migration and Proliferation via the Clock Gene Dec1, Which Negatively Regulates the Expression of Clock Genes Dec2 and Per1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:773-783. [PMID: 30664860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smad3 has circadian expression; however, whether Smad3 affects the expression of clock genes is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms between Smad3 and the clock genes Dec1, Dec2, and Per1. In Smad3 knockout mice, the amplitude of locomotor activity was decreased, and Dec1 expression was decreased in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, liver, kidney, and tongue compared with control mice. Conversely, Dec2 and Per1 expression was increased compared with that of control mice. In Smad3 knockout mice, immunohistochemical staining revealed that Dec1 expression decreased, whereas Dec2 and Per1 expression increased in the endothelial cells of the kidney and liver. In NIH3T3 cells, Smad3 overexpression increased Dec1 expression, but decreased Dec2 and Per1 expression. In a wound-healing experiment that used Smad3 knockout mice, Dec1 expression decreased in the basal cells of squamous epithelium, promoting wound healing of the mucosa. Finally, the migration and proliferation of Smad3 knockdown squamous carcinoma cells was suppressed by Dec1 overexpression but was promoted by Dec2 overexpression. Dec1 overexpression decreased E-cadherin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, whereas these expression levels were increased by Dec2 overexpression. These results suggest Smad3 is relevant to circadian rhythm and regulates cell migration and proliferation through Dec1, Dec2, and Per1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Kohsaka
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hue Thi Le
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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79
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Closing the Loop Between Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. HANDBOOK OF SLEEP RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813743-7.00047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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80
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Samson DR, Crittenden AN, Mabulla IA, Mabulla AZ, Nunn CL. Does the moon influence sleep in small-scale societies? Sleep Health 2018; 4:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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81
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Mariné-Casadó R, Domenech-Coca C, Del Bas JM, Bladé C, Arola L, Caimari A. Intake of an Obesogenic Cafeteria Diet Affects Body Weight, Feeding Behavior, and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a Photoperiod-Dependent Manner in F344 Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1639. [PMID: 30534077 PMCID: PMC6275206 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that chronic exposure to different photoperiods induced marked variations in several glucose and lipid metabolism-related parameters in normoweight Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Here, we examined the effects of the combination of an obesogenic cafeteria diet (CAF) and the chronic exposure to three different day lengths (L12, 12 h light/day; L18, 18 h light/day; and L6, 6 h light/day) in this rat strain. Although no changes were observed during the first 4 weeks of adaptation to the different photoperiods in which animals were fed a standard diet, the addition of the CAF for the subsequent 7 weeks triggered profound physiologic and metabolic alterations in a photoperiod-dependent manner. Compared with L12 rats, both L6 and L18 animals displayed lower body weight gain and cumulative food intake in addition to decreased energy expenditure and locomotor activity. These changes were accompanied by differences in food preferences and by a sharp upregulation of the orexigenic genes Npy and Ghsr in the hypothalamus, which could be understood as a homeostatic mechanism for increasing food consumption to restore body weight control. L18 rats also exhibited higher glycemia than the L6 group, which could be partly attributed to the decreased pAkt2 levels in the soleus muscle and the downregulation of Irs1 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, L6 animals displayed lower whole-body lipid utilization than the L18 group, which could be related to the lower lipid intake and to the decreased mRNA levels of the fatty acid transporter gene Fatp1 observed in the soleus muscle. The profound differences observed between L6 and L18 rats could be related with hepatic and muscular changes in the expression of circadian rhythm-related genes Cry1, Bmal1, Per2, and Nr1d1. Although further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiologic relevance of these findings, our study could contribute to emphasize the impact of the consumption of highly palatable and energy dense foods regularly consumed by humans on the physiological and metabolic adaptations that occur in response to seasonal variations of day length, especially in diseases associated with changes in food intake and preference such as obesity and seasonal affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristina Domenech-Coca
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
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82
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Komada Y, Ikeda Y, Sato M, Kami A, Masuda C, Shibata S. Social jetlag and menstrual symptoms among female university students. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:258-264. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1533561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Komada
- Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Healthcare Business Organization, MTI Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Kami
- Healthcare Business Organization, MTI Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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83
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Bai Y, Shang G, Wang L, Sun Y, Osborn A, Rozelle S. The relationship between birth season and early childhood development: Evidence from northwest rural China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205281. [PMID: 30307998 PMCID: PMC6181351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the correlation between birth season and early childhood development. BACKGROUND Almost all previous studies that examine the effect of birth season on early childhood development were conducted in developed countries with a limited sample size. The present study was conducted in poor, rural areas of western China, a developing region with a continental monsoon climate. METHOD We administered a hemoglobin test to 650 infants (52% boys), aged 8-10 months, using a Hemocue Hb 201+ finger prick system, and assessed the cognitive and psychomotor development of sample infants using Bayley Scales of Infant Development. RESULTS Infants born in winter have higher Hb concentrations (t = 3.63, p < 0.001) compared to infants born in summer. Similarly, cognitive development scores (t = 5.17, p < 0.001) and psychomotor development scores (t = 10.60, p < 0.001) were significantly higher among winter-born infants. CONCLUSION The findings point to the involvement of birth season in early childhood development and suggest that aspects of the environment shape the experiences that contribute to early childhood development. Policy suggestions such as providing infants with ample opportunities for movement and stimulation during the cold season are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Centre for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE), Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanminjia Shang
- Centre for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE), Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonglei Sun
- Centre for Experimental Economics in Education (CEEE), Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Annie Osborn
- Rural Education Action Program (REAP), Freedom Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Rural Education Action Program (REAP), Freedom Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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84
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Meravi N, Kumar Prajapati S. Effect street light pollution on the photosynthetic efficiency of different plants. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1518206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Meravi
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, C.G, Bilaspur, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, C.G, Bilaspur, India
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85
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Devore EE, Chang SC, Okereke OI, McMahon DG, Schernhammer ES. Photoperiod during maternal pregnancy and lifetime depression in offspring. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:169-175. [PMID: 30092556 PMCID: PMC6104842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that perinatal light exposure has enduring effects on affective behaviors in rodents; however, insufficient research has explored this hypothesis in humans. We examined photoperiod (i.e., day length) metrics during maternal pregnancy in relation to lifetime depression in the longitudinal Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II. 160,723 participants reported birth date and birth state (used to derive daily photoperiod based on published mathematical equations), and clinician-diagnosed depression and antidepressant use throughout adulthood. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) (and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for depression (defined as clinician diagnosis and antidepressant use) across quintiles of two exposures during maternal pregnancy: 1) total photoperiod (total number of daylight hours) and 2) differences between minimum/maximum photoperiod; each trimester of pregnancy was examined separately. Total photoperiod during maternal pregnancy was not associated with depression overall or by trimester of pregnancy. However, larger differences between minimum/maximum photoperiod during maternal pregnancy were related to lower odds of depression (multivariable [MV]-adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.90 comparing extreme quintiles of exposure; p-trend<0.0001); this association appeared specific to the second trimester of pregnancy (MV-adjusted p-trends = 0.03, <0.0001, and 0.3 across the three trimesters, respectively). In addition, birth at higher latitude (where larger differences in minimum/maximum photoperiod exist) was associated with a significant reduction in the lifetime risk of depression. These findings are consistent with an emerging hypothesis in which perinatal light exposure may influence risk of depression, and they might be understood through the conceptual framework of adaptive developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shun-Chiao Chang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02144, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Box 351634 Station B, Nashville, TN, 37235-1634, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/ 1. Stock, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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86
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Yousfi N, Rekik RN, Eirale C, Whiteley R, Farooq A, Tabben M, Gillogly S, Bahr R, Chamari K. Lunacy revisited – the myth of the full moon: are football injuries related to the lunar cycle? Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1385-1390. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1483943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narimen Yousfi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Nader Rekik
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cristiano Eirale
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rodney Whiteley
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Montassar Tabben
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Scott Gillogly
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roald Bahr
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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87
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Penz M, Wekenborg MK, Pieper L, Beesdo-Baum K, Walther A, Miller R, Stalder T, Kirschbaum C. The Dresden Burnout Study: Protocol of a prospective cohort study for the bio-psychological investigation of burnout. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1613. [PMID: 29611872 PMCID: PMC6877172 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Dresden Burnout Study (DBS) is a 12-year longitudinal cohort study that aims to provide a description of the burnout syndrome on the basis of time and symptom criteria with a special focus on the search for biomarkers. Biological and psychosocial approaches are applied to examine the long-term course and consequences of burnout within a population-based German-speaking sample aged 18 to 68 years. METHODS Demographics and psychosocial data are generated by online assessments, including demographics and questionnaires on burnout, burnout-related constructs, work-environment, and health-related factors. The lab-based biomarker assessment includes endocrine, physiological, immunological, and epigenetic markers obtained from blood and hair samples. In addition, heart rate variability is also measured repeatedly. Within the first 2 years, the DBS collected psychosocial data from over 7,600 participants with biological data obtained from more than 800 individuals. During the following 10 years, detailed assessments of biomarkers and psychosocial factors will be collected in annual study waves. RESULTS Results will be generated during the following decade. CONCLUSION The findings of the DBS are expected to pave the road for an in-depth biopsychosocial characterization of burnout and to give insight into the long-term course and potential mental and physical health consequences of the burnout syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Penz
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalena K Wekenborg
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Pieper
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Miller
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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88
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Prevot V, Dehouck B, Sharif A, Ciofi P, Giacobini P, Clasadonte J. The Versatile Tanycyte: A Hypothalamic Integrator of Reproduction and Energy Metabolism. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:333-368. [PMID: 29351662 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fertility and survival of an individual rely on the ability of the periphery to promptly, effectively, and reproducibly communicate with brain neural networks that control reproduction, food intake, and energy homeostasis. Tanycytes, a specialized glial cell type lining the wall of the third ventricle in the median eminence of the hypothalamus, appear to act as the linchpin of these processes by dynamically controlling the secretion of neuropeptides into the portal vasculature by hypothalamic neurons and regulating blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid exchanges, both processes that depend on the ability of these cells to adapt their morphology to the physiological state of the individual. In addition to their barrier properties, tanycytes possess the ability to sense blood glucose levels, and play a fundamental and active role in shuttling circulating metabolic signals to hypothalamic neurons that control food intake. Moreover, accumulating data suggest that, in keeping with their putative descent from radial glial cells, tanycytes are endowed with neural stem cell properties and may respond to dietary or reproductive cues by modulating hypothalamic neurogenesis. Tanycytes could thus constitute the missing link in the loop connecting behavior, hormonal changes, signal transduction, central neuronal activation and, finally, behavior again. In this article, we will examine these recent advances in the understanding of tanycytic plasticity and function in the hypothalamus and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We will also discuss the putative involvement and therapeutic potential of hypothalamic tanycytes in metabolic and fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Dehouck
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
| | - Ariane Sharif
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
| | - Jerome Clasadonte
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
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89
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Cysarz D, Linhard M, Seifert G, Edelhäuser F. Sleep Instabilities Assessed by Cardiopulmonary Coupling Analysis Increase During Childhood and Adolescence. Front Physiol 2018; 9:468. [PMID: 29867529 PMCID: PMC5951979 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocardiogram-based cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) technique may be used to track sleep instabilities. With progressing age, maturational changes during childhood and adolescence affect sleep. The objective was to assess developmental changes in sleep instabilities in a natural setting. ECGs during nighttime sleep on regular school days were recorded from 363 subjects aged 4 to 22 years (204 females). The estimated total sleep time (ETST) decreased from 598 to 445 min during childhood and adolescence. Stable sleep linearly decreased with progressing age (high frequency coupling (HFC): 70–48% ETST). Unstable sleep [low frequency coupling (LFC): 9–19% ETST], sleep fragmentation or disordered breathing (elevated LFC: 4–12% ETST), and wake/REM states [very low frequency coupling (VLFC): 20–32% ETST] linearly increased with age. Hence, with progressing age the sleep of children and adolescents shortens, becomes more unstable and is more often affected by fragmentation or sleep disordered breathing, especially in the age group >13 years. It remains to be clarified whether some of the changes are caused by a social jetlag, i.e., the misalignment of body clock and social time especially in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Cysarz
- Integrated Curriculum for Anthroposophic Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Maijana Linhard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner-Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner-Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedrich Edelhäuser
- Integrated Curriculum for Anthroposophic Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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90
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Bipolar mood cycles and lunar tidal cycles. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:923-931. [PMID: 28115741 PMCID: PMC5524624 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In 17 patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder, time-series analyses detected synchronies between mood cycles and three lunar cycles that modulate the amplitude of the moon's semi-diurnal gravimetric tides: the 14.8-day spring-neap cycle, the 13.7-day declination cycle and the 206-day cycle of perigee-syzygies ('supermoons'). The analyses also revealed shifts among 1:2, 1:3, 2:3 and other modes of coupling of mood cycles to the two bi-weekly lunar cycles. These shifts appear to be responses to the conflicting demands of the mood cycles' being entrained simultaneously to two different bi-weekly lunar cycles with slightly different periods. Measurements of circadian rhythms in body temperature suggest a biological mechanism through which transits of one of the moon's semi-diurnal gravimetric tides might have driven the patients' bipolar cycles, by periodically entraining the circadian pacemaker to its 24.84-h rhythm and altering the pacemaker's phase-relationship to sleep in a manner that is known to cause switches from depression to mania.
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91
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Liang CS, Chung CH, Tsai CK, Chien WC. Seasonality of hospital admissions and birth dates among inpatients with eating disorders: a nationwide population-based retrospective study. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:233-240. [PMID: 27744609 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Seasonal variation exists in the psychopathology of eating disorders. However, it is still unknown whether there is seasonal variation in eating disorder symptom severity. This study investigated seasonal trends in hospital admissions and birth dates among patients with eating disorders in Taiwan (25°N). Subgroup analyses by gender and comorbid affective disorders were also of interest. METHODS Data on all hospital admissions between 2000 and 2013 were collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and 1954 patients with eating disorders were identified. Hospital admissions and birth dates were recorded by day. The four seasons and cross-seasons were defined by solstices and equinoxes. The expected distribution of births was determined using data from all patients hospitalized from 2000 to 2013 (n = 13,139,306). RESULTS Hospital admissions among patients with eating disorders exceeded the rate of expected hospital admissions in the summer season (p < 0.001) and the autumn cross-season (p < 0.001). However, the seasonal (p = 0.421) and cross-seasonal (p = 0.24) distributions of birth dates among these patients did not differ from the expected distributions. Interestingly, hospital admissions among patients with comorbid affective disorders exceeded the rates of hospital admissions among non-affective patients during the spring (p = 0.004). Moreover, the number of non-affective patients born during autumn exceeded the birth rates of affective patients during this season (p = 0.001). Gender and comorbid affective disorders were not associated with cross-seasonal differences in either hospitalizations or dates of birth. CONCLUSIONS Affective psychopathology in inpatients with eating disorders may substantially contribute to symptom severity that waxes and wanes with the seasons. Moreover, the seasonal distribution of birth dates was significantly different in patients without comorbid affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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92
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Hashizaki M, Nakajima H, Shiga T, Tsutsumi M, Kume K. A longitudinal large-scale objective sleep data analysis revealed a seasonal sleep variation in the Japanese population. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:933-945. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1443118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hashizaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Technology and Intellectual Property H.Q., Omron Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Technology and Intellectual Property H.Q., Omron Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Shiga
- Technology Development HQ, Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tsutsumi
- Data Healthcare Business HQ, Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Kuwamizu Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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93
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Ayaki M, Kawashima M, Uchino M, Tsubota K, Negishi K. Gender differences in adolescent dry eye disease: a health problem in girls. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:301-307. [PMID: 29487823 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, case-control study and outpatients aged 10 to 19y were recruited from six eye clinics of various practices and locations in Japan, and 253 non-DED subjects and 70 DED patients were enrolled. Participants were examined for DED-related signs. Patients were also interviewed to ascertain the presence or absence of six common DED-related symptoms: dryness, irritation, pain, eye fatigue, blurring, and photophobia. Main outcome measures were differences in signs and symptoms of dry eye disease between boys and girls. RESULTS Of the 323 adolescents recruited, 70 (21.7%) were diagnosed with DED. Significant differences between the non-DED and DED groups were found for short tear break-up time (BUT; ≤5s; P=0.000) and superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK; staining score ≥3; P=0.000). Late adolescent girls reported fewer symptoms than late adolescent boys, although their DED-related signs were worse compared to other groups. The prevalence and severity of DED were similar in the Tokyo area compared with suburban and local areas but myopic errors were worse. CONCLUSION We find that adolescents reported symptoms of DED similar to those found in adults, and the majority have short BUT-type DED. The prevalence and severity of DED in late adolescent girls is comparable with adults. Adolescents with DED are underserved and we believe that DED is a hidden but potentially serious health problem for this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Uchino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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94
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Yousfi N, Mejri MA, Rouissi M, Hammami A, Tabben M, Chaouachi A, Haddad M, Chamari K. Effects of lunar phases on short-term, explosive physical performance among young trained athletes. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:565-572. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1422741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narimen Yousfi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport. Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport. Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Rouissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amri Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Farhat Hached. Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Montassar Tabben
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital. Doha, Qatar
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University. Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital. Doha, Qatar
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95
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal changes in various physiological events have been reported in humans, including metabolism, immune function, and mood. However, the molecular and endocrine basis of these seasonal changes remains unclear. SUMMARY Animals that breed seasonally, such as Japanese quail and the Siberian hamster, have sophisticated seasonal mechanisms, and hence they provide excellent opportunities to understand the underlying processes. Functional genomic analysis in quail uncovered the photoperiodic signal transduction pathway, which regulates avian seasonal reproduction: a long-day stimulus induces secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) from the pars tuberalis (PT) of the anterior pituitary gland. This PT-derived TSH locally activates thyroid hormone within the hypothalamus, which in turn induces gonadotropin-releasing hormone and then gonadotropin secretion, leading to gonadal growth. CONCLUSIONS Studies using TSH receptor-null mice confirmed the involvement of PT-derived TSH in mammalian seasonal reproduction. The pars distalis of the anterior pituitary gland is the major source of circulating TSH. Although the pars distalis and PT are in close proximity, tissue-specific glycosylation of circulating TSH alters its function to avoid cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakayama
- 1 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
- 2 Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- 1 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
- 2 Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki, Japan
- 3 Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
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96
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Chong SYC, Xin L, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Disorders of sleep and circadian rhythms. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:531-538. [PMID: 29478598 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is fundamental to the survival of humans. However, knowledge regarding the role of sleep and its regulation is poorly understood. Genetics in flies, mice, and humans has led to a detailed understanding of some aspects of circadian regulation. Sleep homeostasis (the effect of increasing periods of wakefulness on our sleep propensity) is largely not understood. Sleep homeostasis is distinct from, but also linked to, the circadian clock. It is only in the last two decades that our understanding of some sleep disorders has been revealed. These breakthroughs were mostly fueled by intensive investigation using genetic tools. Although modern human genetics has revolutionized scientific research of neurologic disorders beginning ~35 years ago, studies of sleep and sleep disorders have lagged behind those of many neurologic diseases. This is due to the complexity in phenotyping behaviors like sleep and the fact that sleep is strongly influenced by environmental and other factors. We have long been aware that the amount of sleep required by individuals is normally distributed in the general population with small proportions of people being natural short or natural long sleepers. However, it has been less than a decade since Mendelian families of natural short sleepers have been recognized. Recent work has made significant advances and mechanistic insights of several sleep disorders as well as familial natural short sleepers by using ever-improving human genetic and cellular molecular tools. Given recent advances into genetic and biologic understanding of sleep, the hope of understanding this indispensable process is closer. Ultimately, our growing understanding will lead to more effective treatments of human sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Christin Chong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lijuan Xin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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97
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Monsivais D, Ghosh A, Bhattacharya K, Dunbar RIM, Kaski K. Tracking urban human activity from mobile phone calling patterns. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005824. [PMID: 29161270 PMCID: PMC5697809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Timings of human activities are marked by circadian clocks which in turn are entrained to different environmental signals. In an urban environment the presence of artificial lighting and various social cues tend to disrupt the natural entrainment with the sunlight. However, it is not completely understood to what extent this is the case. Here we exploit the large-scale data analysis techniques to study the mobile phone calling activity of people in large cities to infer the dynamics of urban daily rhythms. From the calling patterns of about 1,000,000 users spread over different cities but lying inside the same time-zone, we show that the onset and termination of the calling activity synchronizes with the east-west progression of the sun. We also find that the onset and termination of the calling activity of users follows a yearly dynamics, varying across seasons, and that its timings are entrained to solar midnight. Furthermore, we show that the average mid-sleep time of people living in urban areas depends on the age and gender of each cohort as a result of biological and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Monsivais
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Asim Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin I. M. Dunbar
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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98
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Ikegami K, Yoshimura T. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and biological rhythms: The discovery of TSH's unexpected role using animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 31:475-485. [PMID: 29223282 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are important for development, growth, and metabolism. It is also clear that the synthesis and secretion of TH are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Animal models have helped advance our understanding of the roles and regulatory mechanisms of TH. The animals' bodies develop through coordinated timing of cell division and differentiation. Studies of frog metamorphosis led to the discovery of TH and their role in development. However, to adapt to rhythmic environmental changes, animals also developed various endocrine rhythms. Studies of rodents clarified the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of the HPT axis. Moreover, birds have a sophisticated seasonal adaptation mechanism, and recent studies of quail revealed unexpected roles for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TH in the seasonal regulation of reproduction. Interestingly, this mechanism is conserved in mammals. Thus, we review how animal studies have shaped our general understanding of the HPT axis in relation to biological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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99
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Shimmura T, Nakayama T, Shinomiya A, Fukamachi S, Yasugi M, Watanabe E, Shimo T, Senga T, Nishimura T, Tanaka M, Kamei Y, Naruse K, Yoshimura T. Dynamic plasticity in phototransduction regulates seasonal changes in color perception. Nat Commun 2017; 8:412. [PMID: 28871081 PMCID: PMC5583187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with seasonal changes in the environment, organisms adapt their physiology and behavior. Although color perception varies among seasons, the underlying molecular basis and its physiological significance remain unclear. Here we show that dynamic plasticity in phototransduction regulates seasonal changes in color perception in medaka fish. Medaka are active and exhibit clear phototaxis in conditions simulating summer, but remain at the bottom of the tank and fail to exhibit phototaxis in conditions simulating winter. Mate preference tests using virtual fish created with computer graphics demonstrate that medaka are more attracted to orange-red-colored model fish in summer than in winter. Transcriptome analysis of the eye reveals dynamic seasonal changes in the expression of genes encoding photopigments and their downstream pathways. Behavioral analysis of photopigment-null fish shows significant differences from wild type, suggesting that plasticity in color perception is crucial for the emergence of seasonally regulated behaviors. Animal coloration and behavior can change seasonally, but it is unclear if visual sensitivity to color shifts as well. Here, Shimmura et al. show that medaka undergo seasonal behavioral change accompanied by altered expression of opsin genes, resulting in reduced visual sensitivity to mates during winter-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Shimmura
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakayama
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ai Shinomiya
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasugi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Eiji Watanabe
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan.,Laboratory of Neurophysiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimo
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takumi Senga
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics for Reproduction, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics for Reproduction, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan.,Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan. .,Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan. .,Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan. .,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan.
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100
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Alencar JCND, Leocadio-Miguel MA, Duarte LL, Louzada F, Fontenele Araujo J, Pedrazzoli M. Self-reported discomfort associated with Daylight Saving Time in Brazilian tropical and subtropical zones. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:628-635. [PMID: 28715917 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1355982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daylight Saving Time (DST) annually moves clocks 1 hour forward, when daytime is longer than night. Previous studies from medium and high latitude locations have pointed to a disruptive effect of DST on human circadian rhythms. Since Brazil is an equatorial country implementing DST, a different relationship between photic and social synchronisers may interfere with DST effects. AIM To explore the prevalence and duration of self-reported discomfort related to DST among Brazilian residents (latitude 12-33° S, longditude 39-57° W). It was hypothesised that an elevated prevalence of self-reported discomfort would be found in Brazil, due to the pronounced uncoupling between social and geophysical synchronisers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In total, 12 467 volunteers completed a web-based, Brazilian version of Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, provided demographic information, and answered questions related to DST complaints (discomfort, duration of discomfort). RESULTS Of the total sample, 45.43% reported no discomfort related to DST, with meaningful proportions for all chronotypes. However, eveningness was most associated with discomfort. About one fourth of the total sample reported discomfort over the whole DST period. Gender interaction is largely supported by these results. CONCLUSIONS DST at low latitude locations may be disruptive for circadian rhythms, since seasonality of sunrise near the equator is negligible or very mild.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario André Leocadio-Miguel
- b Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Leandro Lourenção Duarte
- d Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia , Santo Antônio de Jesus , Brazil
| | - Fernando Louzada
- e Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Parana , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - John Fontenele Araujo
- b Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Mario Pedrazzoli
- f Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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