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Santoni M, Miccini F, Cimadamore A, Piva F, Massari F, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Battelli N. An update on investigational therapies that target STAT3 for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:245-251. [PMID: 33599169 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1891222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in cancer initiation and resistance to chemo-radiation therapies and targeted agents. The role of STAT3 in inflammation and immunity together with its involvement in a variety of diseases including genitourinary, gastrointestinal, lung, ovarian and brain tumors makes STAT3 an ideal candidate for therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED The authors provided an overview on STAT3 inhibitors and examined the most recent results obtained by these agents in cancer patients. The authors discussed the results published since 2015 and the ongoing clinical trials on anti-STAT3 agents in cancer patients. The authors also provide our opinion on the future perspectives of this therapeutic approach in this context. The manuscript includes information from trial databases and scientific literature. EXPERT OPINION Future challenges include the development of non-peptide small-molecule inhibitors of STAT3 designed to directly inhibit STAT3 activity. In addition, inhibitors of STAT3/STAT3 nuclear translocation or DNA binding activity are also emerging as novel promising therapeutic approaches A better comprehension of the role of STAT3 in modulating immune response together with advances in understanding the mechanisms of STAT3-induced chemo and/or radio-resistance will also help the design of combined strategies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- U.O.C Medical Oncology, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba University, Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomic Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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Zheng ZY, Yang PL, Luo W, Yu SX, Xu HY, Huang Y, Li RY, Chen Y, Xu XE, Liao LD, Wang SH, Huang HC, Li EM, Xu LY. STAT3β Enhances Sensitivity to Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy by Inducing Cellular Necroptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040901. [PMID: 33670049 PMCID: PMC7926856 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), especially platinum plus radiotherapy, is considered to be one of the most promising treatment modalities for patients with advanced esophageal cancer. STAT3β regulates specific target genes and inhibits the process of tumorigenesis and development. It is also a good prognostic marker and a potential marker for response to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ACRT). We aimed to investigate the relationship between STAT3β and CCRT. We examined the expression of STAT3α and STAT3β in pretreatment tumor biopsies of 105 ESCC patients who received CCRT by immunohistochemistry. The data showed that ESCC patients who demonstrate both high STAT3α expression and high STAT3β expression in the cytoplasm have a significantly better survival rate, and STAT3β expression is an independent protective factor (HR = 0.424, p = 0.003). Meanwhile, ESCC patients with high STAT3β expression demonstrated a complete response to CCRT in 65 patients who received platinum plus radiation therapy (p = 0.014). In ESCC cells, high STAT3β expression significantly inhibits the ability of colony formation and cell proliferation, suggesting that STAT3β enhances sensitivity to CCRT (platinum plus radiation therapy). Mechanistically, through RNA-seq analysis, we found that the TNF signaling pathway and necrotic cell death pathway were significantly upregulated in highly expressed STAT3β cells after CCRT treatment. Overall, our study highlights that STAT3β could potentially be used to predict the response to platinum plus radiation therapy, which may provide an important insight into the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yuan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Z.-Y.Z.); (P.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (S.-X.Y.); (R.-Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ping-Lian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Z.-Y.Z.); (P.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (S.-X.Y.); (R.-Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (X.-E.X.); (L.-D.L.)
| | - Wei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Z.-Y.Z.); (P.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (S.-X.Y.); (R.-Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (X.-E.X.); (L.-D.L.)
| | - Shuai-Xia Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Z.-Y.Z.); (P.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (S.-X.Y.); (R.-Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (X.-E.X.); (L.-D.L.)
| | - Hong-Yao Xu
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China; (H.-Y.X.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Ying Huang
- Departments of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.H.); (S.-H.W.)
| | - Rong-Yao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Z.-Y.Z.); (P.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (S.-X.Y.); (R.-Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Z.-Y.Z.); (P.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (S.-X.Y.); (R.-Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (X.-E.X.); (L.-D.L.)
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (X.-E.X.); (L.-D.L.)
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (X.-E.X.); (L.-D.L.)
| | - Shao-Hong Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.H.); (S.-H.W.)
| | - He-Cheng Huang
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China; (H.-Y.X.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Z.-Y.Z.); (P.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (S.-X.Y.); (R.-Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (E.-M.L.); (L.-Y.X.)
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Z.-Y.Z.); (P.-L.Y.); (W.L.); (S.-X.Y.); (R.-Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (X.-E.X.); (L.-D.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.-M.L.); (L.-Y.X.)
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Li X, Huang J, Yu T, Fang X, Lou L, Xin S, Ji L, Jiang F, Lou Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes the Progression of Colorectal Cancer Through Cdk5-Activated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:545251. [PMID: 33488528 PMCID: PMC7815597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.545251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Growing evidence supports the direct link of Fusobacterium nucleatum with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, to date, the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of F. nucleatum on the progression of CRC and investigated whether cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is involved in the effect through activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Materials and Methods CRC tissues and matched histologically normal specimens were collected from patients who were diagnosed with CRC and underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2019. Two human CRC cell lines, including DLD-1 and SW480, were utilized mainly for in vitro mechanistic investigations. Results The abundance of F. nucleatum was significantly greater in CRC tissues than in cancer-free specimens, which was significantly correlated with the progression of CRC. In vitro investigations revealed that F. nucleatum significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. Furthermore, F. nucleatum significantly induced the expression of Cdk5 and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, knockdown of Cdk5 significantly abrogated the effects of F. nucleatum on cellular processes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in relation to the progression of CRC. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that F. nucleatum orchestrates a molecular network involving the direct role of Cdk5 in activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling to modulate CRC progression. Thus, in-depth investigations of F. nucleatum-associated molecular pathways may offer valuable insight into the pathogenesis of CRC, which may help further the development of treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiepeng Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Fang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liqin Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shijun Xin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feizhao Jiang
- Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Aziz MA, Sarwar MS, Akter T, Uddin MS, Xun S, Zhu Y, Islam MS, Hongjie Z. Polyphenolic molecules targeting STAT3 pathway for the treatment of cancer. Life Sci 2021; 268:118999. [PMID: 33421525 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is accounted as the second-highest cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have consistently highlighted the role of natural polyphenolic compounds against various cancers. A plethora of potential bioactive polyphenolic molecules, primarily flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes, have been explored from the natural sources for their chemopreventive and chemoprotective activities. Moreover, combinations of these polyphenols with current chemotherapeutic agents have also demonstrated their strong role against both progression and resistance of malignancies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a ubiquitously-expressed signaling molecule in almost all body cells. Thousands of literatures have revealed that STAT3 plays significant roles in promoting the cellular proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and immunosuppression as well as chemoresistance through the regulation of its downstream target genes such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cyclin D1, c-Myc and survivin. For its key role in cancer development, researchers considered STAT3 as a major target for cancer therapy that mainly focuses on abrogating the expression (activation or phosphorylation) of STAT3 in tumor cells both directly and indirectly. Polyphenolic molecules have explicated their protective actions in malignant cells via targeting STAT3 both in vitro and in vivo. In this article, we reviewed how polyphenolic compounds as well as their combinations with other chemotherapeutic drugs inhibit cancer cells by targeting STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Tahmina Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Song Xun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Zhang Hongjie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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von Locquenghien M, Rozalén C, Celià-Terrassa T. Interferons in cancer immunoediting: sculpting metastasis and immunotherapy response. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143296. [PMID: 33393507 PMCID: PMC7773346 DOI: 10.1172/jci143296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines critical for regulation of epithelial cell functions and for immune system regulation. In cancer, IFNs contribute to tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms that determine the quality of antitumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. In this Review, we focus on the different types of tumor IFN sensitivity that determine dynamic tumor-immune interactions and their coevolution during cancer progression and metastasis. We extend the discussion to new evidence supporting immunotherapy-mediated immunoediting and the dual opposing roles of IFNs that lead to immune checkpoint blockade response or resistance. Understanding the intricate dynamic responses to IFN will lead to novel immunotherapeutic strategies to circumvent protumorigenic effects of IFN while exploiting IFN-mediated antitumor immunity.
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Webb MJ, Kukard C. A Review of Natural Therapies Potentially Relevant in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Aimed at Targeting Cancer Cell Vulnerabilities. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420975861. [PMID: 33243021 PMCID: PMC7705812 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420975861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the research into the mechanisms of growth of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) based on laboratory pre-clinical studies that have shaped understanding of the disease over the past decade. In response to these findings, we propose an approach to potentially prevent cancer metabolic adaptation and recurrence. This paper collates pre-clinical results, first to determine the tumor’s mechanisms of growth and then to source natural substances that could potentially suppress those mechanisms. The results from in vivo and in vitro studies of TNBC were combined first to select 10 primary mechanisms (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, Hedgehog, MAPK, MTAP, NF-κ B, Notch, P13K, STAT3, and Wnt signaling pathways plus p53 and POL2A gene expression) that promote TNBC growth, and second to propose a treatment array of 21 natural compounds that suppress laboratory models of TNBC via these mechanisms. We included BRCA mutations in the review process, but only pathways with the most preclinical studies utilizing natural products were included. Then we outlined potential biomarkers to assess the changes in the micro-environment and monitor biochemical pathway suppression. This suppression-centric aim targets these mechanisms of growth with the goal of potentially halting tumor growth and preventing cancer cell metabolic adaptation. We chose TNBC to demonstrate this 5-step strategy of supplementary therapy, which may be replicated for other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Kukard
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Xu J, Jin S, Gan F, Xiong H, Mei Z, Chen Y, Yang G. Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits exhibit antitumor effects through inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:10568-10579. [PMID: 33185634 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02535f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus can be eaten raw or processed into jams, preserves and vinegar. They provide not only vitamin and protein nutrients, but also pharmacologically active compounds, among which polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are a major class. According to the literature, PPAPs exhibited good anti-cancer effects. This study investigated the antitumor effects and the underlying mechanism of S1 (the regioisomeric mixture of xanthochymol and guttiferone E) and S2 (the regioisomeric mixture of isoxanthochymol and cycloxanthochymol) isolated from the fruits of G. xanthochymus. In an H22 allograft mouse model, S1 and S2 could suppress the liver tumor growth and phosphorylation of STAT3. Computational modeling showed that S1 and S2 could form hydrogen bonds with the SH2 domain of STAT3. In HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, S1 and S2 downregulated the expression of p-STAT3Tyr705. Moreover, S1 and S2 inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and Src, which are the upstream kinases of STAT3, and the expression of various STAT3-regulated genes, including anti-apoptotic (Bcl-XL, Mcl-1 and survivin), proliferative (cyclin D1) and angiogenic (VEGF) genes. As a result, S1 and S2 arrested the cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis, which were proved by the activation of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8. These results demonstrated that S1 and S2 from G. xanthochymus exhibited antitumor effects through the inactivation of STAT3, and could be promising candidates for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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Han J, Xu X, Liu Z, Li Z, Wu Y, Zuo D. Recent advances of molecular mechanisms of regulating PD-L1 expression in melanoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Salemme V, Angelini C, Chapelle J, Centonze G, Natalini D, Morellato A, Taverna D, Turco E, Ala U, Defilippi P. The p140Cap adaptor protein as a molecular hub to block cancer aggressiveness. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1355-1367. [PMID: 33079227 PMCID: PMC7904710 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The p140Cap adaptor protein is a scaffold molecule encoded by the SRCIN1 gene, which is physiologically expressed in several epithelial tissues and in the neurons. However, p140Cap is also strongly expressed in a significant subset of cancers including breast cancer and neuroblastoma. Notably, cancer patients with high p140Cap expression in their primary tumors have a lower probability of developing a distant event and ERBB2-positive breast cancer sufferers show better survival. In neuroblastoma patients, SRCIN1 mRNA levels represent an independent risk factor, which is inversely correlated to disease aggressiveness. Consistent with clinical data, SRCIN1 gain or loss of function mouse models demonstrated that p140Cap may affect tumor growth and metastasis formation by controlling the signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis and metastatic features. This study reviews data showing the relevance of SRCIN1/p140Cap in cancer patients, the impact of SRCIN1 status on p140Cap expression, the specific mechanisms through which p140Cap can limit cancer progression, the molecular functions regulated by p140Cap, along with the p140Cap interactome, to unveil its key role for patient stratification in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Salemme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Costanza Angelini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Jennifer Chapelle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Centonze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Dora Natalini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Dai C, Shen L, Jin W, Lv B, Liu P, Wang X, Yin Y, Fu Y, Liang L, Ma Z, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu D, Chen Z. Physapubescin B enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to trametinib by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 408:115273. [PMID: 33035574 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the poor prognosis of unresectable advanced gastric cancer (GC), novel therapeutic strategies are needed. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, the most frequently activated pathway in GC, plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. The MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for GC. In this study, trametinib, a mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, reduced the p-ERK level and significantly increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in GC cells, resulting in reduced sensitivity to trametinib. Physapubescin B (PB), a steroidal compound extracted from the plant Physalis pubescens L., inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of GC cells by suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation. The combination of PB and trametinib suppressed the STAT3 phosphorylation induced by trametinib, and synergistically suppressed gastric tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results indicate that inhibition of both MEK and STAT3 may be effective for patients with MAPK/ERK pathway-addicted GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li Shen
- Institute of Basic Theory of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weiyang Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yufei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liguo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhongjun Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Daogun Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenling, China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Yuan B, Sun R, Du Y, Jia Z, Yao W, Yang J. STAT3-Induced Upregulation of lncRNA CASC9 Promotes the Progression of Bladder Cancer by Interacting with EZH2 and Affecting the Expression of PTEN. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9147-9157. [PMID: 32982303 PMCID: PMC7502394 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s248006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) has been reported to play a vital role in tumorigenesis. This study explored the biological role of CASC9 and its regulation mechanism in bladder cancer (BC). Methods Gene expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The functional role of CASC9 in BC was studied using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, scratch wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay, and xenograft tumor assay. In addition, the mechanism of CASC9 function in BC was determined using RNA immunoprecipitation assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results CASC9 was upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines, and correlated with the staging and metastasis in BC. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells. Similarly, silencing of CASC9 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines, and positively correlated with CASC9 in BC tissues. Moreover, CASC9 was shown to be regulated by STAT3 in BC cells. Furthermore, CASC9 regulated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression by interacting with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). More significantly, CASC9 silencing-mediated inhibition of BC progression was partly reversed by EZH2 overexpression or PTEN inhibition. Conclusion Upregulation of CASC9 induced by STAT3 promoted the progression of BC by interacting with EZH2 and affecting the expression of PTEN, representing a novel regulatory mechanism for BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongqing Sun
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Du
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Urinary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Yao
- Urinary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Urinary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
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Peng Q, Liu L, Pei H, Zhang J, Chen M, Zhai X. A LHFPL3-AS1/miR-580-3p/STAT3 Feedback Loop Promotes the Malignancy in Melanoma via Activation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1724-1734. [PMID: 32753471 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the severe skin cancers, accounting for three fourths of all deaths caused by skin cancers and gathering attention from researchers. Previous studies have elucidated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) engage actively in tissue physiology and disease development, especially in tumorigenesis. LncRNA LHFPL3 antisense RNA 1 (LHFPL3-AS1) has rarely been mentioned in researches regarding cancers; therefore, the underlying role and function of LHFPL3-AS1 in melanoma arouse our interest. Data from our work suggested that LHFPL3-AS1 expression was markedly elevated in melanoma tissues and cells. Of note, patients with melanoma with high level of LHFPL3-AS1 were burdened with unfavorable prognosis. Functionally, it has been revealed that LHFPL3-AS1 exerted pro-growth, pro-invasion, and pro-EMT functions in melanoma. Mechanistically, it was figured out that LHFPL3-AS1 could be transcriptionally activated by STAT3. In turn, LHFPL3-AS1 served as a sponge of miR-580-3p to augment STAT3 expression, resulting in activated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in melanoma. IMPLICATIONS: Our study revealed a novel positive feedback loop LHFPL3-AS1/miR-580-3p/STAT3 in melanoma, which might contribute to finding potential therapeutic targets for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Linbo Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianwen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Minjing Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Strubl S, Torres JA, Spindt AK, Pellegrini H, Liebau MC, Weimbs T. STAT signaling in polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109639. [PMID: 32325185 PMCID: PMC7269822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in humans is caused by mutations in the PKD1 gene coding for polycystin1 (PC1). Among the many identified or proposed functions of PC1 is its ability to regulate the activity of transcription factors of the STAT family. Most STAT proteins that have been investigated were found to be aberrantly activated in kidneys in PKD, and some have been shown to be drivers of disease progression. In this review, we focus on the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways in various renal cell types in healthy kidneys as compared to polycystic kidneys, on the mechanisms of STAT regulation by PC1 and other factors, and on the possibility to target STAT signaling for PKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Strubl
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA; Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacob A Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
| | - Alison K Spindt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
| | - Hannah Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
| | - Max C Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA.
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64
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Skytthe MK, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Targeting of CD163 + Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5497. [PMID: 32752088 PMCID: PMC7432735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is a key cell in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response including that of the inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therefore focuses on the macrophage as a target for immunotherapy. However, this strategy is complicated by the pleiotropic phenotype of the macrophage that is highly responsive to its microenvironment. The plasticity leads to numerous types of macrophages with rather different and, to some extent, opposing functionalities, as evident by the existence of macrophages with either stimulating or down-regulating effect on inflammation and tumor growth. The phenotypes are characterized by different surface markers and the present review describes recent progress in drug-targeting of the surface marker CD163 expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages. CD163 is an abundant endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, quantitatively important being the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. The microenvironment of inflammation and tumorigenesis is particular rich in CD163+ macrophages. The use of antibodies for directing anti-inflammatory (e.g., glucocorticoids) or tumoricidal (e.g., doxorubicin) drugs to CD163+ macrophages in animal models of inflammation and cancer has demonstrated a high efficacy of the conjugate drugs. This macrophage-targeting approach has a low toxicity profile that may highly improve the therapeutic window of many current drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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65
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STAT3β is a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1989-2002. [PMID: 31270081 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) exists in 2 alternatively spliced isoforms, STAT3α and STAT3β. Although truncated STAT3β was originally postulated to act as a dominant-negative form of STAT3α, it has been shown to have various STAT3α-independent regulatory functions. Recently, STAT3β gained attention as a powerful antitumorigenic molecule in cancer. Deregulated STAT3 signaling is often found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the role of STAT3β in AML remains elusive. Therefore, we analyzed the STAT3β/α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression ratio in AML patients, where we observed that a higher STAT3β/α mRNA ratio correlated with a favorable prognosis and increased overall survival. To gain better understanding of the function of STAT3β in AML, we engineered a transgenic mouse allowing for balanced Stat3β expression. Transgenic Stat3β expression resulted in decelerated disease progression and extended survival in PTEN- and MLL-AF9-dependent AML mouse models. Our findings further suggest that the antitumorigenic function of STAT3β depends on the tumor-intrinsic regulation of a small set of significantly up- and downregulated genes, identified via RNA sequencing. In conclusion, we demonstrate that STAT3β plays an essential tumor-suppressive role in AML.
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66
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Kang-ai Injection (康艾注射液) Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cells Proliferation through IL-6/STAT3 Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 28:524-530. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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67
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Sebastian-Valverde M, Pasinetti GM. The NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Critical Actor in the Inflammaging Process. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061552. [PMID: 32604771 PMCID: PMC7348816 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the considerable increase in the human lifespan over the last century, we are experiencing the appearance and impact of new age-related diseases. The causal relationships between aging and an enhanced susceptibility of suffering from a broad spectrum of diseases need to be better understood. However, one specific shared feature seems to be of capital relevance for most of these conditions: the low-grade chronic inflammatory state inherently associated with aging, i.e., inflammaging. Here, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms that link aging and inflammaging, focusing on the role of the innate immunity and more concretely on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as well as how the chronic activation of this inflammasome has a detrimental effect on different age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio M. Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-1952
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68
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STAT3 Pathway in Gastric Cancer: Signaling, Therapeutic Targeting and Future Prospects. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9060126. [PMID: 32545648 PMCID: PMC7345582 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular signaling pathways play a significant role in the regulation of biological mechanisms, and their abnormal expression can provide the conditions for cancer development. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key member of the STAT proteins and its oncogene role in cancer has been shown. STAT3 is able to promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells and induces chemoresistance. Different downstream targets of STAT3 have been identified in cancer and it has also been shown that microRNA (miR), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and other molecular pathways are able to function as upstream mediators of STAT3 in cancer. In the present review, we focus on the role and regulation of STAT3 in gastric cancer (GC). miRs and lncRNAs are considered as potential upstream mediators of STAT3 and they are able to affect STAT3 expression in exerting their oncogene or onco-suppressor role in GC cells. Anti-tumor compounds suppress the STAT3 signaling pathway to restrict the proliferation and malignant behavior of GC cells. Other molecular pathways, such as sirtuin, stathmin and so on, can act as upstream mediators of STAT3 in GC. Notably, the components of the tumor microenvironment that are capable of targeting STAT3 in GC, such as fibroblasts and macrophages, are discussed in this review. Finally, we demonstrate that STAT3 can target oncogene factors to enhance the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells.
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69
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STAT3: Versatile Functions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051107. [PMID: 32365499 PMCID: PMC7281271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) activation is frequently found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient samples/cell lines and STAT3 inhibition in NSCLC cell lines markedly impairs their survival. STAT3 also plays a pivotal role in driving tumor-promoting inflammation and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Consequently, targeting STAT3 either directly or by inhibition of upstream regulators such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) or Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) is considered as a promising treatment strategy for the management of NSCLC. In contrast, some studies also report STAT3 being a tumor suppressor in a variety of solid malignancies, including lung cancer. Here, we provide a concise overview of STAT3‘s versatile roles in NSCLC and discuss the yins and yangs of STAT3 targeting therapies.
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70
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A STAT3 of Addiction: Adipose Tissue, Adipocytokine Signalling and STAT3 as Mediators of Metabolic Remodelling in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041043. [PMID: 32331320 PMCID: PMC7226520 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic remodelling of the tumour microenvironment is a major mechanism by which cancer cells survive and resist treatment. The pro-oncogenic inflammatory cascade released by adipose tissue promotes oncogenic transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and evasion of apoptosis. STAT3 has emerged as an important mediator of metabolic remodelling. As a downstream effector of adipocytokines and cytokines, its canonical and non-canonical activities affect mitochondrial functioning and cancer metabolism. In this review, we examine the central role played by the crosstalk between the transcriptional and mitochondrial roles of STAT3 to promote survival and further oncogenesis within the tumour microenvironment with a particular focus on adipose-breast cancer interactions.
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71
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Song M, Yoon G, Choi JS, Kim E, Liu X, Oh HN, Chae JI, Lee MH, Shim JH. Janus kinase 2 inhibition by Licochalcone B suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2032-2043. [PMID: 32144852 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the leading causes to cancer death in the worldwide and major population of EC is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Still, ESCC-targeted therapy has not been covered yet. In the present study we have identified that Licochalcone B (Lico B) inhibited the ESCC growth by directly blocking the Janus kinase (JAK) 2 activity and its downstream signaling pathway. Lico B suppressed KYSE450 and KYSE510 ESCC cell growth, arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Direct target of Lico B was identified by kinase assay and verified with in vitro and ex vivo binding. Computational docking model predicted for Lico B interaction to ATP-binding pocket of JAK2. Furthermore, treatment of JAK2 clinical medicine AZD1480 to ESCC cells showed similar tendency with Lico B. Thus, JAK2 downstream signaling proteins phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 and S727 as well as STAT3 target protein Mcl-1 expression was decreased with treatment of Lico B. Our results suggest that Lico B inhibits ESCC cell growth, arrests cell cycle and induces apoptosis, revealing the underlying mechanism involved in JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways after Lico B treatment. It might provide potential role of Lico B in the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, BK21 Plus, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 85 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
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Qin J, Shen X, Zhang J, Jia D. Allosteric inhibitors of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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73
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Rahmati M, Johari B, Kadivar M, Rismani E, Mortazavi Y. Suppressing the metastatic properties of the breast cancer cells using STAT3 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides: A promising approach for eradication of cancer cells by differentiation therapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5429-5444. [PMID: 31912904 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), breast cancer often relapsed after conventional therapies. Strategies that induce differentiation of CSCs will be helpful in eradication of tumor cells, so we designed an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODNs) for targeting of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor which is involved in stemness, and constitutively activated in triple-negative breast cancer. Molecular docking and electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis showed that decoy ODN bound specifically to the DNA binding site of STAT3 protein. The prevalent uptake of Cy3-labeled ODNs is in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of MDA-MB-231 treated cells. STAT3 decoy ODNs treatment showed cell growth inhibition by decreasing cell viability (17%), increasing the percentage of arrested cells in G0/G1 phases (18%), and triggering apoptosis (29%). Migration and invasion potential decreased from 10.77 to 6.76 µm/hr, by wound closure rate, and migrated/invaded percentage by 26.4% and 15.4% in the transwell assays, respectively. CD44 protein expression level on the cell surface also decreased, while CD24 increased. Mammosphere formation efficiency reduced in terms of tumorsphere size by 47%, while the required time increased. Cells morphology was changed, and lipid droplets were accumulated in the cytoplasm compared to the control and scrambled groups, in all assays (repeated triplicate). Furthermore, the gene expression of all downstream targets significantly decreased owing to suppressing the STAT3 transcription factor. Overall, the results confirmed the antitumor effects of STAT3 decoy in MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, it seems that STAT3 decoy ODNs might be considered as an auxiliary tool for breast cancer eradicating by the differentiation therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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74
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Gastric Cancer Stem Cells: Current Insights into the Immune Microenvironment and Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8010007. [PMID: 31935894 PMCID: PMC7168269 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be involved in chemotherapy resistance and the development of metastases. Although CSCs harbor self-renewal and tumorigenic abilities, the immune microenvironment surrounding CSCs provides various factors and supports the maintenance of CSC properties. The current review summarizes the accumulating findings regarding the relationship between the immune microenvironment and gastric CSCs (GCSCs), which will support the possibility of developing novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GCSCs.
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75
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Su T, Wang YP, Wang XN, Li CY, Zhu PL, Huang YM, Yang ZY, Chen SB, Yu ZL. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in the anti-melanoma effects of brevilin A. Life Sci 2019; 241:117169. [PMID: 31843524 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Melanoma is lethal. Constitutively active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been proposed as a pathogenic factor and a therapeutic target of melanoma. Brevilin A, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Aschers., has been shown to exert antineoplastic effects and inhibit the STAT3 pathway in nasopharyngeal, lung, prostate and breast cancer cells. This study aimed to determine whether brevilin A has anti-melanoma effects, and whether STAT3 signaling is involved in the effects. MAIN METHODS A mouse A375 xenograft model, as well as A375 and A2058 cell models were employed to assess the in vivo and in vitro anti-melanoma effects of brevilin A. A375 cells stably expressing STAT3C, a constitutively active STAT3 mutant, were used to determine the role of STAT3 signaling in brevilin A's anti-melanoma effects. KEY FINDINGS Intraperitoneal injection of brevilin A dose-dependently inhibited melanoma growth in mice and suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation in the tumors. In cultured cells, brevilin A reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, suppressed migration and invasion, decreased protein levels of phospho-JAK2 (Y1007/1008) and phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705), and restrained STAT3 nuclear localization. STAT3 over-activation diminished brevilin A's effects on cell viability and migration. Collectively, brevilin A exerts anti-melanoma effects and these effects are at least in part attributed to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide a pharmacological basis for developing brevilin A as a new phytotherapeutic agent against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Ning Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Mei Huang
- Guangzhou Caizhilin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Ye Yang
- Guangdong Institute For Drug Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Bao Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Samuel SM, Varghese E, Kubatka P, Triggle CR, Büsselberg D. Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E846. [PMID: 31835318 PMCID: PMC6995629 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest has grown in studying the possible use of well-known anti-diabetic drugs as anti-cancer agents individually or in combination with, frequently used, chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation, owing to the fact that diabetes heightens the risk, incidence, and rapid progression of cancers, including breast cancer, in an individual. In this regard, metformin (1, 1-dimethylbiguanide), well known as 'Glucophage' among diabetics, was reported to be cancer preventive while also being a potent anti-proliferative and anti-cancer agent. While meta-analysis studies reported a lower risk and incidence of breast cancer among diabetic individuals on a metformin treatment regimen, several in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies reported the efficacy of using metformin individually as an anti-cancer/anti-tumor agent or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation in the treatment of different forms of breast cancer. However, unanswered questions remain with regards to areas such as cancer treatment specific therapeutic dosing of metformin, specificity to cancer cells at high concentrations, resistance to metformin therapy, efficacy of combinatory therapeutic approaches, post-therapeutic relapse of the disease, and efficacy in cancer prevention in non-diabetic individuals. In the current article, we discuss the biology of metformin and its molecular mechanism of action, the existing cellular, pre-clinical, and clinical studies that have tested the anti-tumor potential of metformin as a potential anti-cancer/anti-tumor agent in breast cancer therapy, and outline the future prospects and directions for a better understanding and re-purposing of metformin as an anti-cancer drug in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
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Orlova A, Wagner C, de Araujo ED, Bajusz D, Neubauer HA, Herling M, Gunning PT, Keserű GM, Moriggl R. Direct Targeting Options for STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1930. [PMID: 31817042 PMCID: PMC6966570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5 are important transcription factors that are able to mediate or even drive cancer progression through hyperactivation or gain-of-function mutations. Mutated STAT3 is mainly associated with large granular lymphocytic T-cell leukemia, whereas mutated STAT5B is associated with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and γδ T-cell-derived lymphomas. Hyperactive STAT3 and STAT5 are also implicated in various hematopoietic and solid malignancies, such as chronic and acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma or prostate cancer. Classical understanding of STAT functions is linked to their phosphorylated parallel dimer conformation, in which they induce gene transcription. However, the functions of STAT proteins are not limited to their phosphorylated dimerization form. In this review, we discuss the functions and the roles of unphosphorylated STAT3/5 in the context of chromatin remodeling, as well as the impact of STAT5 oligomerization on differential gene expression in hematopoietic neoplasms. The central involvement of STAT3/5 in cancer has made these molecules attractive targets for small-molecule drug development, but currently there are no direct STAT3/5 inhibitors of clinical grade available. We summarize the development of inhibitors against the SH2 domains of STAT3/5 and discuss their applicability as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Christina Wagner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne University, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
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Sun H, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Geng H, Xie D, Wang Y, Ding D, Zhang T, Yu D. Resveratrol Reverses Cigarette Smoke-Induced Urocystic Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Suppression of STAT3 Phosphorylation in SV-HUC-1-Immortalized Human Urothelial Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10227-10237. [PMID: 32063715 PMCID: PMC6884977 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor of the urinary tract, and cigarette smoke (CS) is closely related to tumorigenesis. Resveratrol, a plant-derived bioactive nutrient, possesses multiple anticancer effects. However, the mechanism of CS-induced tumorigenesis is still not clear. The role of resveratrol in CS-meditated bladder cancer development has not been reported. Methods MTT assay showed the toxicity of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the cell viability of SV-HUC-1 cells. Western blotting detected the expression levels of related proteins. Transwell migration or invasion assay evaluated the capacity of cell migration or invasion after treatment. Wound-healing assay revealed the effect of cell migratory capacity. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Results Our study demonstrated that CSE-triggered epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SV-HUC-1-immortalized human urothelial cells via the STAT3/TWIST1 pathway. Furthermore, the results showed resveratrol effectively inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, thus reversed EMT triggered by CSE. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation was also suppressed. Conclusion In conclusion, inhibition of the STAT3 in CSE-induced EMT on bladder cancer may be a promising cancer treatment target for suppression by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Demao Ding
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
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Tamma R, Ingravallo G, Gaudio F, Annese T, Albano F, Ruggieri S, Dicataldo M, Maiorano E, Specchia G, Ribatti D. STAT3, tumor microenvironment, and microvessel density in diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:567-574. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1678154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Gaudio
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Simona Ruggieri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Dicataldo
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Shaw V, Srivastava S, Srivastava SK. Repurposing antipsychotics of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:75-83. [PMID: 31618686 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of high throughput compound screening has allowed drug repurposing to emerge as an effective avenue for discovering novel treatments for cancer. FDA-approved antipsychotic drugs fluspirilene, penfluridol, and pimozide are clinically used for the treatment of psychotic disorders, primarily schizophrenia. These compounds, belong to diphenylbutylpiperidine class of antipsychotic drugs, are the potent inhibitors of dopamine D2 receptor and calcium channel. A correlation has been found that patients treated for schizophrenia have lower incidences of certain types of cancer, such as respiratory, prostate, and bladder cancers. These compounds have also been shown to inhibit cancer proliferation in a variety of cancer cells, including melanoma, lung carcinoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, and prostate cancer, among others. Antipsychotic drugs induce apoptosis and suppress metastasis in in vitro and in vivo models through mechanisms involving p53, STAT3, STAT5, protein phosphatase 2A, cholesterol homeostasis, integrins, autophagy, USP1, wnt/β-catenin signaling, and DNA repair. Additionally, pre-clinical evidence suggests that penfluridol and pimozide act synergistically with existing chemotherapeutic agents, such as dasatinib, temozolomide, and cisplatin. Some studies have also reported that the cytotoxic activity of the antipsychotics is selective for dividing cells. Based on this growing body of evidence and the availability and previous FDA-approval of the drugs, the compounds appear to be promising anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Shaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Suyash Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA; Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA.
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81
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UVB-induced DHODH upregulation, which is driven by STAT3, is a promising target for chemoprevention and combination therapy of photocarcinogenesis. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:52. [PMID: 31551419 PMCID: PMC6760220 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) is exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV). Unlike most other cancers, the incidence rates of cSCCs are still on the rise and the treatment options currently available are limited. We have recently found that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, plays a critical role in UVB-induced energy metabolism reprogramming. Using a multistage model of UVB radiation-induced skin cancer, we show that UVB-induced DHODH upregulation is mainly regulated transcriptionally by STAT3. Our results indicate that chronic inhibition of DHODH by leflunomide (LFN) blocks UVB-induced tumor initiation. Human tumor xenograft studies showed that LFN treatment reduces growth of established tumors when used in combination with a genotoxic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Our data suggest that DHODH is a promising target for chemoprevention and combination therapy of UVB-induced cSCCs.
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82
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Ji L, Jiang F, Cui X, Qin C. Talin1 knockdown prohibits the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells via the EMT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5408-5416. [PMID: 31612049 PMCID: PMC6781565 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second highest cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Talin1 activates integrins, which mediate cell adhesion, proliferation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to determine talin1 expression levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) and investigate the role of talin1 in CRC proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Talin1 protein expression levels were detected in human CRC and adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Talin1 short hairpin RNA and control vectors were designed and stably transfected into HCT116 CRC cells. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Cell migratory and invasive capabilities were detected by wound-healing and Matrigel invasion assays. The expression of proteins in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signaling pathway was determined by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The effect of talin1 on tumor growth was explored in vivo using BALB/c nude mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of CRC and adjacent normal tissue revealed that talin1 expression was upregulated in CRC. Talin1 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation, migration and invasive ability of HCT116 cells compared with the control. Protein levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and vimentin were significantly lower in talin1-knockdown HCT116 cell lines compared with the control, whereas protein levels of E-cadherin were increased. Interleukin-6 mRNA levels were significantly increased in patients' blood samples compared with blood samples from healthy controls, as well as in CRC compared with adjacent normal tissue. In vivo experiments demonstrated that talin1 knockdown reduced CRC tumor growth and weight in nude mice. In conclusion, Talin1 knockdown may prevent the proliferation and migration of CRC cells by downregulating various factors involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, such as phosphorylated STAT3 and vimentin; therefore, talin1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Feizhao Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xianping Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Interleukin 21 Receptor/Ligand Interaction Is Linked to Disease Progression in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091104. [PMID: 31540511 PMCID: PMC6770770 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a marked fibro-inflammatory microenvironment in which infiltrated immune cells fail to eliminate the tumor cells and often—rather paradoxically—promote tumor progression. Of special interest are tumor-promoting T cells that assume a Th17-like phenotype because their presence in PDAC tissue is associated with a poor prognosis. In that context, the role of IL-21, a major cytokine released by Th17-like cells, was assessed. In all tissue samples (n = 264) IL-21+ immune cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and high density of those cells was associated with poor prognosis. In the majority of patients (221/264), tumor cells expressed the receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R) and also a downstream target of IL-21, Blimp-1 (199/264). Blimp-1 expression closely correlated with IL-21R expression and multivariate analysis revealed that expression of both IL-21R and Blimp-1 was associated with shorter survival time of the patients. In vitro data using pancreatic tumor cells lines provided a possible explanation: IL-21 activated ERK and STAT3 pathways and upregulated Blimp-1. Moreover, IL-21 increased invasion of tumor cell lines in a Blimp-1-dependent manner. As an in vivo correlate, an avian xenograft model was used. Here again Blimp-1 expression was significantly upregulated in IL-21 stimulated tumor cells. In summary, our data showed an association of IL-21+ immune cell infiltration and IL-21 receptor expression in PDAC with poor survival, most likely due to an IL-21-mediated promotion of tumor cell invasion and enhanced colony formation, supporting the notion of the tumor-promoting abilities of the tumor microenvironment.
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Zhong B, Shi D, Wu F, Wang S, Hu H, Cheng C, Qing X, Huang X, Luo X, Zhang Z, Shao Z. Dynasore suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhances the antitumor capacity of cisplatin via STAT3 pathway in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:687. [PMID: 31534119 PMCID: PMC6751204 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor. The prognosis of metastatic and recurrent OS patients still remains unsatisfactory. Cisplatin reveals undeniable anti-tumor effect while induces severe side effects that threatening patients’ health. Dynasore, a cell-permeable small molecule that inhibits dynamin activity, has been widely studied in endocytosis and phagocytosis. However, the anti-tumor effect of dynasore on OS has not yet been ascertained. In the present study, we suggested that dynasore inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced G0/G1 arrest of OS cells. Besides, dynasore repressed tumorigenesis of OS in xenograft mouse model. In addition, we demonstrated that dynasore improved the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin in vitro and in vivo without inducing nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Mechanistically, dynasore repressed the expression of CCND1, CDK4, p-Rb, and MMP-2. Furthermore, we found that dynasore exerts anti-tumor effects in OS partially via inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway but not ERK-MAPK, PI3K-Akt or SAPK/JNK pathways. P38 MAPK pathway served as a negative regulatory mechanism in dynasore induced anti-OS effects. Taken together, our study indicated that dynasore does suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via STAT3 signaling pathway, and enhances the antitumor capacity of cisplatin in OS. Our results suggest that dynasore is a novel candidate drug to inhibit the tumor growth of OS and enhance the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlong Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fashuai Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shangyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongzhi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xueying Luo
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wang J, Zhou M, Jin X, Li B, Wang C, Zhang Q, Liao M, Hu X, Yang M. Glycochenodeoxycholate induces cell survival and chemoresistance via phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 site in HCC. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2557-2568. [PMID: 31498440 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Maojun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Bingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Blood Purification Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Mingmei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology Eight Changsha Hospital Changsha Hunan China
| | - Manyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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Marrocco I, Altieri F, Rubini E, Paglia G, Chichiarelli S, Giamogante F, Macone A, Perugia G, Magliocca FM, Gurtner A, Maras B, Ragno R, Patsilinakos A, Manganaro R, Eufemi M. Shmt2: A Stat3 Signaling New Player in Prostate Cancer Energy Metabolism. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091048. [PMID: 31500219 PMCID: PMC6770108 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the aberrant activity of different regulatory pathways. STAT3 protein mediates some of these pathways and its activation is implicated in the modulation of several metabolic enzymes. A bioinformatic analysis indicated a STAT3 binding site in the upstream region of SHMT2 gene. We demonstrated that in LNCaP, PCa cells’ SHMT2 expression is upregulated by the JAK2/STAT3 canonical pathway upon IL-6 stimulation. Activation of SHTM2 leads to a decrease in serine levels, pushing PKM2 towards the nuclear compartment where it can activate STAT3 in a non-canonical fashion that in turn promotes a transient shift toward anaerobic metabolism. These results were also confirmed on FFPE prostate tissue sections at different Gleason scores. STAT3/SHMT2/PKM2 loop in LNCaP cells can modulate a metabolic shift in response to inflammation at early stages of cancer progression, whereas a non-canonical STAT3 activation involving the STAT3/HIF-1α/PKM2 loop is responsible for the maintenance of Warburg effect distinctive of more aggressive PCa cells. Chronic inflammation might thus prime the transition of PCa cells towards more advanced stages, and SHMT2 could represent a missing factor to further understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the transition of prostate cancer towards a more aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Paglia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Perugia
- Department of Maternal Child and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University, V.le Dell'Università 33, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Massimo Magliocca
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, V.le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Bruno Maras
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Fu C, Liu P, Li P, Liu W, Huang X, Liang Y. FSP1 promotes the biofunctions of adventitial fibroblast through the crosstalk among RAGE, JAK2/STAT3 and Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7246-7260. [PMID: 31454154 PMCID: PMC6815850 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that fibroblast‐specific protein 1 (FSP1) provides vital effects in cell biofunctions. However, whether FSP1 influences the adventitial fibroblast (AF) and vascular remodelling remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential role and action mechanism of FSP1‐mediated AF bioactivity. AFs were cultured and stimulated with FSP1 and siRNA‐FSP1 in vitro. Viability assays demonstrated that siRNA‐FSP1 counteracted AFs proliferative, migratory and adherent abilities enhanced with FSP1. Flow cytometry revealed that FSP1 increased AFs number in S phase and decreased cellular apoptosis. Contrarily, siRNA‐FSP1 displayed the contrary results. RT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry showed that FSP1 synchronously up‐regulated the expression of molecules in RAGE, JAK2/STAT3 and Wnt3a/β‐catenin pathways and induced a proinflammatory cytokine profile characterized by high levels of MCP‐1, ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1. Conversely, FSP1 knockdown reduced the expression of these molecules and cytokines. The increased number of autophagosomes in FSP1‐stimulated group and fewer autophagic corpuscles in siRNA‐FSP1 group was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Autophagy‐related proteins (LC3B, beclin‐1 and Apg7) were higher in FSP1 group than those in other groups. Conversely, the expression of p62 protein was shown an opposite trend of variation. Therefore, these pathways can promote AFs bioactivity, facilitate autophagy and induce the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines. Contrarily, siRNA‐FSP1 intercepts the crosstalk of these pathways, suppresses AF functions, restrains autophagy and attenuates the expression of the inflammatory factors. Our findings indicate that crosstalk among RAGE, STAT3/JAK2 and Wnt3a/β‐catenin signalling pathways may account for the mechanism of AF functions with the stimulation of FSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peilun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianwei Huang
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yansheng Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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88
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CSF-1 Overexpression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2724948. [PMID: 31565097 PMCID: PMC6745102 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2724948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is a homodimeric glycoprotein. The main role of CSF-1 is as a hematopoietic growth factor that modulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of macrophages. Moreover, CSF-1 has also been reported to be aberrantly expressed in several human cancers. However, the precise role of CSF-1 in upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) has not been studied. In this research, we examined the clinical significance of CSF-1 expression in UTUC. Materials and Methods One hundred twelve cancer tissue samples of UTUC from patients were included in this study, and the other cohort of 35 UTUC were paired cancer-adjacent normal samples. CSF-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the association of CSF-1 expression with different clinicopathological variables was analyzed. Results CSF-1 expression was higher in UTUC than in the normal urothelium (P = 0.005). The CSF-1 expression was primarily localized in the nucleus and was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.04) and patients who had a high stage (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.006), recurrence (P = 0.003), and cancer death (P = 0.005). High CSF-1 expression was correlated with poor disease-free survival (P = 0.008) and cancer-specific survival (P = 0.001). Our results also used univariate and multivariable analyses, which found that high CSF-1 expression was an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.56; P = 0.007) and cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio = 5.14; P = 0.022). Conclusions Our findings indicate that the expression of CSF-1 is a potential prognostic marker for predicting patient survival and recurrence in UTUC.
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89
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Xiang Y, Li JP, Guo W, Wang DQ, Yao A, Zhang HM, Huang F, Li HH, Dai ZT, Zhang ZJ, Li H, Tan Y, Chen K, Bao LY, Liao XH. Novel interactions between ERα-36 and STAT3 mediate breast cancer cell migration. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:93. [PMID: 31409371 PMCID: PMC6693284 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide which is closely related to metastasis. But the exact molecular mechanism of ERα-36 and STAT3 on metastasis is still not fully understood. Methods MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines and MCF-10A were overexpressioned or knockdown ERα-36 and STAT3 and tested for migration, invasion and proliferation assays. Direct interaction of STAT3 and ERα-36 were analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation assays. The effect of STAT3 and ERα-36 on MMP2/9 expression was analyzed by qPCR and western blotting. STAT3 phospholyation and acetylation by ERα-36 and p300 were observed and quantified by coimmunoprecipitation assays and western blotting. Results Cross-talk between ERα-36 and STAT3 was demonstrated to mediate through a direct physical association between the two proteins. Furthermore, the interaction between ERα-36 and STAT3 was demonstrated to give rise to functional changes in their signaling events. Both MMP2 and MMP9 expression require the binding of the newly identified protein complex, ERα-36-STAT3, to its promoter, the second phase, which is more robust, depends on ERα-mediated recruitment of p300 onto the complex and the subsequent acetylation of STAT3. In addition, STAT3 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in a biphasic manner, and the late phase requires ERα-36-mediated p300-dependent acetylation. Furthermore, interference with acetylation of STAT3 by overexpression of acetylation null STAT3 mutant led to the loss of MMP2 and MMP9 expression. ChIP analysis and reporter gene assays revealed that ERα-36-STAT3 complex binding to the MMP2 and MMP9 promoter led to an enhanceosome formation and facilitated MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate for the first time that the function of MMP2 and MMP9 in breast cancer cell migration, which is mediated by interactions between ERα-36 and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Jia Peng Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | | | - Ao Yao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Han-Han Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Zhou-Tong Dai
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Yao Tan
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Le-Yuan Bao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China.
| | - Xing-Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China. .,Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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90
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YY1 inhibits the migration and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by downregulating the FER/STAT3/MMP2 signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 463:37-49. [PMID: 31404611 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. The transcription factor YY1 acts as an inhibitor of many types of tumors. We found that YY1 knockdown promoted the invasion and migration of PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells; FER knockdown partially restored the promotion of pancreatic cancer caused by YY1 knockdown. In vivo experiments yielded the same results. According to luciferase reporter gene, electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, YY1 directly binds to the FER promoter region. Moreover, higher level FER expression results in a worse TNM stage and prognosis for patients with PDAC. Furthermore, by downregulating FER, YY1 inhibits the formation of the STAT3-MMP2 complex, thereby suppressing expression of MMP2 and ultimately inhibiting the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer. Our study demonstrates that the YY1/FER/STAT3/MMP2 axis is associated with the progression of pancreatic cancer and may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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91
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Thakur S, Daley B, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J. The role of an anti-diabetic drug metformin in the treatment of endocrine tumors. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:R17-R35. [PMID: 31307011 PMCID: PMC6938582 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of endocrine cancers is rising every year. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that demonstrates the anti-cancer effects of an anti-diabetic drug, metformin, in endocrine malignancies. We performed a literature review utilizing the PubMed, Medline and clinicaltrials.gov databases using the keyword 'metformin' plus the following terms: 'thyroid cancer', 'thyroid nodules', 'parathyroid', 'hyperparathyroidism', 'adrenal adenoma', 'Cushing syndrome', 'hyperaldosteronism', 'adrenocortical cancer', 'neuroendocrine tumor (NET)', 'pancreatic NET (pNET)', 'carcinoid', 'pituitary adenoma', 'pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)', 'prolactinoma', 'pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma'. We found 37 studies describing the preclinical and clinical role of metformin in endocrine tumors. The available epidemiological data show an association between exposure of metformin and lower incidence of thyroid cancer and pNETs in diabetic patients. Metformin treatment has been associated with better response to cancer therapy in thyroid cancer and pNETs. Preclinical evidence suggests that the primary direct mechanisms of metformin action include inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via inhibition of both mitochondrial complex I and mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, leading to metabolic stress. Decreased ATP production leads to an activation of a cellular energy sensor, AMPK, and subsequent downregulation of mTOR signaling pathway, which is associated with decreased cellular proliferation. We also describe several AMPK-independent mechanisms of metformin action, as well as the indirect mechanisms targeting insulin resistance. Overall, repositioning of metformin has emerged as a promising strategy for adjuvant therapy of endocrine tumors. The mechanisms of synergy between metformin and other anti-cancer agents need to be elucidated further to guide well-designed prospective trials on combination therapies in endocrine malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Thakur
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brianna Daley
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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92
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Lu T, Bankhead A, Ljungman M, Neamati N. Multi-omics profiling reveals key signaling pathways in ovarian cancer controlled by STAT3. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5478-5496. [PMID: 31534498 PMCID: PMC6735387 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting STAT3 signaling reduces tumor progression, metastasis and chemoresistance, however the precise molecular mechanism has not been fully delineated in ovarian cancer. Methods: In this study, we generated STAT3 knockout (KO) ovarian cancer cell lines. Effects of STAT3 KO on cell proliferation, migration and spheroid formation were assessed in vitro and effects on in vivo tumor growth were tested using several tumor xenograft models. We used multi-omic genome-wide profiling to identify multi-level (Bru-Seq, RNA-Seq, and MS Proteomic) expression signatures of STAT3 KO ovarian cancer cells. Results: We observed that deletion of STAT3 blocked cell proliferation and migration in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in mice. Deletion of STAT3 transcriptionally suppressed key genes involved in EMT, cell cycle progression, E2F signaling, and altered stemness markers. Notably, KO of STAT3 resulted in modulation of the expression of other STAT family members. Conclusion: Our study presents a rich, multi-faceted summary of the molecular mechanisms impacted by STAT3 deletion and provides new insight for STAT3's potential as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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93
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Grasso S, Cangelosi D, Chapelle J, Alzona M, Centonze G, Lamolinara A, Salemme V, Angelini C, Morellato A, Saglietto A, Bianchi FT, Cabodi S, Salaroglio IC, Fusella F, Ognibene M, Iezzi M, Pezzolo A, Poli V, Di Cunto F, Eva A, Riganti C, Varesio L, Turco E, Defilippi P. The SRCIN1/p140Cap adaptor protein negatively regulates the aggressiveness of neuroblastoma. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:790-807. [PMID: 31285546 PMCID: PMC7205889 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial pediatric solid tumor, responsible for 13–15% of pediatric cancer death. Its intrinsic heterogeneity makes it difficult to target for successful therapy. The adaptor protein p140Cap/SRCIN1 negatively regulates tumor cell features and limits breast cancer progression. This study wish to assess if p140Cap is a key biological determinant of neuroblastoma outcome. RNAseq profiles of a large cohort of neuroblastoma patients show that SRCIN1 mRNA levels are an independent risk factor inversely correlated to disease aggressiveness. In high-risk patients, CGH+SNP microarray analysis of primary neuroblastoma identifies SRCIN1 as frequently altered by hemizygous deletion, copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, or disruption. Functional experiments show that p140Cap negatively regulates Src and STAT3 signaling, affects anchorage-independent growth and migration, in vivo tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastasis formation. p140Cap also increases sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to doxorubicin and etoposide treatment, as well as to a combined treatment with chemotherapy drugs and Src inhibitors. Our functional findings point to a causal role of p140Cap in curbing the aggressiveness of neuroblastoma, due to its ability to impinge on specific molecular pathways, and to sensitize cells to therapeutic treatment. This study provides the first evidence that the SRCIN1/p140Cap adaptor protein is a key player in neuroblastoma as a new independent prognostic marker for patient outcome and treatment. Altogether, these data highlight the potential clinical impact of SRCIN1/p140Cap expression in neuroblastoma tumors, in terms of reducing cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy, one of the main issues for pediatric tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grasso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Jennifer Chapelle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Melissa Alzona
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Centonze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salemme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Costanza Angelini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Saglietto
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Tommaso Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Iris Chiara Salaroglio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Fusella
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Ognibene
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pezzolo
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Shahid A, Bharadwaj M. The connection between the Th17 cell related cytokines and cancer stem cells in cancer: Novel therapeutic targets. Immunol Lett 2019; 213:9-20. [PMID: 31278971 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are the subpopulation of cells present in the different types of cancers with capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an animal host. The research work on the CSC has been providing a promising approach for the improvement of cancer therapies in the future. The CSCs have a close connection with the cytokines related with the T helper 17 (Th17) cell and other factors present in the tumor microenvironment, and these play a pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis. The properties of CSCs are well defined in various type of tumor which is mainly developed by chemically and spontaneously in murine cancer model but in human defined primarily on acute myeloid leukemia, glioma, and breast cancer. The role of Th1, Th2, Natural Killer cells are well described in the cancer biology, but the Th17 cells are the subset which is recently exploited, and lots of research are going on. In this Review, we summarize current findings of the characteristics and functions of the Th17 cell and its signature cytokines in different cancers and their interconnections with cancer stem cells and with their markers. We have also discussed the functional properties of CSCs and how the CSCs markers can be distinguished from normal stem cells markers. We have also talked about the strategies that are efficiently targeting of CSCs and Th17 cells in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research, Noida, 201301, India.
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95
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Monteleone E, Poli V. Where Sin3a Meets STAT3: Balancing STAT3-Mediated Transcriptional Activation and Repression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3031-3033. [PMID: 31201166 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 can mediate epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved, except that this action is mediated by DNA methylation and requires STAT3 acetylation. In this issue of Cancer Research, Gambi and colleagues confirm that oncogene-driven constitutive STAT3 acetylation is responsible for TSG silencing. Furthermore, they show that the Sin3a transcriptional repressor complex is an obligatory partner of STAT3 on the promoters of the repressed genes, shedding light on the mechanisms involved in STAT3-mediated transcriptional repression, and more importantly, identifying that the STAT3-Sin3a axis is a potential selective therapeutic target in STAT3-dependent tumors.See related article by Gambi et al., p. 3076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Monteleone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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96
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Okada S, Raja SA, Okerblom J, Boddu A, Horikawa Y, Ray S, Okada H, Kawamura I, Murofushi Y, Murray F, Patel HH. Deletion of caveolin scaffolding domain alters cancer cell migration. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1268-1280. [PMID: 31116089 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1618118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an integral membrane protein that plays an important role in proliferative and terminally differentiated cells. As a structural component of Caveolae, Cav-1 interacts with signaling molecules via a caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD) regulating cell signaling. Recent reports have shown that Cav-1 is a negative regulator in tumor metastasis. Therefore, we hypothesize that Cav-1 inhibits cell migration through its CSD. HeLa cells were engineered to overexpress Cav-1 (Cav-1 OE), Cav-1 without a functional CSD (∆CSD), or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a control. HeLa cell migration was suppressed in Cav-1 OE cells while ∆CSD showed increased migration, which corresponded to a decrease in the tight junction protein, zonula occludens (ZO-1). The migration phenotype was confirmed in multiple cancer cell lines. Phosphorylated STAT-3 was decreased in Cav-1 OE cells compared to control and ∆CSD cells; reducing STAT-3 expression alone decreased cell migration. ∆CSD blunted HeLa proliferation by increasing the number of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Overexpressing the CSD peptide alone suppressed HeLa cell migration and inhibited pSTAT3. These findings suggest that Cav-1 CSD may be critical in controlling the dynamic phenotype of cancer cells by facilitating the interaction of specific signal transduction pathways, regulating STAT3 and participating in a G2/M checkpoint. Modulating the CSD and targeting specific proteins may offer potential new therapies in the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaho Okada
- a Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Anesthesiology and UCSD School of Medicine , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Sadaf A Raja
- c Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Jonathan Okerblom
- a Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Anesthesiology and UCSD School of Medicine , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Aayush Boddu
- a Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Anesthesiology and UCSD School of Medicine , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Yousuke Horikawa
- d Department of Pediatrics , Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group , San Diego , CA , USA.,e Department of Anesthesiology , Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | | | - Hideshi Okada
- a Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.,g Department of Anesthesiology and Medicine , UCSD School of Medicine , San Diego , CA , USA.,h Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine , Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine , Gifu , Japan
| | - Itta Kawamura
- i Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Gifu Heart Center , Gifu , Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Murofushi
- g Department of Anesthesiology and Medicine , UCSD School of Medicine , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Fiona Murray
- j Aberdeen Cardiovascular & Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , Scotland
| | - Hemal H Patel
- a Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Anesthesiology and UCSD School of Medicine , San Diego , CA , USA
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97
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Effect of a Neoflavonoid (Dalbergin) on T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line and mRNA Levels of p53, Bcl-2, and STAT3 Genes. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.87175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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98
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Mahmoud YK, Abdelrazek HMA. Cancer: Thymoquinone antioxidant/pro-oxidant effect as potential anticancer remedy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108783. [PMID: 31060003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there is growing interest in the natural bioactive components having anticancer activity. Thymoquinone (TQ), the principle active constituent of black seed (Nigella sativa), has promising properties including anticancer and chemosensitizing peculiarities. The anticancer power of TQ is accomplished by several aspects; including promotion of apoptosis, arrest of cell cycle and ROS generation. In addition, it boosts the immune system and lessens the side effects associated with traditional anticancer therapy. TQ also controls angiogenesis and cancer metastasis. This review focuses on the potential aspects and mechanisms by which TQ acquires its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina K Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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99
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Focus on Formononetin: Anticancer Potential and Molecular Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050611. [PMID: 31052435 PMCID: PMC6562434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Formononetin, an isoflavone, is extracted from various medicinal plants and herbs, including the red clover (Trifolium pratense) and Chinese medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus. Formononetin's antioxidant and neuroprotective effects underscore its therapeutic use against Alzheimer's disease. Formononetin has been under intense investigation for the past decade as strong evidence on promoting apoptosis and against proliferation suggests for its use as an anticancer agent against diverse cancers. These anticancer properties are observed in multiple cancer cell models, including breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Formononetin also attenuates metastasis and tumor growth in various in vivo studies. The beneficial effects exuded by formononetin can be attributed to its antiproliferative and cell cycle arrest inducing properties. Formononetin regulates various transcription factors and growth-factor-mediated oncogenic pathways, consequently alleviating the possible causes of chronic inflammation that are linked to cancer survival of neoplastic cells and their resistance against chemotherapy. As such, this review summarizes and critically analyzes current evidence on the potential of formononetin for therapy of various malignancies with special emphasis on molecular targets.
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100
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Akhtar S, Achkar IW, Siveen KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Prabhu KS, Khan AQ, Ahmed EI, Sahir F, Jerobin J, Raza A, Merhi M, Elsabah HM, Taha R, Omri HE, Zayed H, Dermime S, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines via Inhibition of the JaK2/STAT3 Signaling. Front Oncol 2019; 9:285. [PMID: 31058086 PMCID: PMC6478801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine (SNG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, has displayed various anticancer abilities in several vivo and in vitro studies. However, the anticancer potential of SNG is yet to be established in multiple myeloma (MM), a mostly incurable malignancy of plasma cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of SNG in a panel of MM cell lines (U266, IM9, MM1S, and RPMI-8226). SNG treatment of MM cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability through mitochondrial membrane potential loss and activation of caspase 3, 9, and cleavage of PARP. Pre-treatment of MM cells with a universal caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, prevented SNG mediated loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase activation, confirming that SNG-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent. The SNG-mediated apoptosis appears to be resulted from suppression of the constitutively active STAT3 with a concomitant increase in expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1). SNG treatment of MM cells leads to down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins including cyclin D, Bcl-2, Bclxl, and XIAP. In addition, it also upregulates pro-apoptotic protein, Bax. SNG mediated cellular DNA damage in MM cell lines by induction of oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione. Finally, the subtoxic concentration of SNG enhanced the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs bortezomib (BTZ) by suppressing the viability of MM cells via induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis. Altogether our findings demonstrate that SNG induces mitochondrial and caspase-dependent apoptosis, generates oxidative stress, and suppresses MM cell lines proliferation. In addition, co-treatment of MM cell lines with sub-toxic doses of SNG and BTZ potentiated the cytotoxic activity. These results would suggest that SNG could be developed into therapeutic agent either alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eiman I Ahmed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fairooz Sahir
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Elsabah
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ruba Taha
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halima El Omri
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell-Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell-Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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