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New Insights into the Clinical Implications of Yes-Associated Protein in Lung Cancer: Roles in Drug Resistance, Tumor Immunity, Autophagy, and Organoid Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123069. [PMID: 34202980 PMCID: PMC8234989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Innovative advancements in lung cancer treatment have developed over the past decade with the advent of targeted and immune therapies. Yes-associated protein (YAP), an effector of the Hippo pathway, promotes the resistance of these targeted drugs and modulates tumor immunity in lung cancer. YAP is involved in autophagy in lung cancer and plays a prominent role in forming the tubular structure in lung organoids and alveolar differentiation. In this review, we discuss the central roles of YAP in lung cancer and present YAP as a novel target for treating resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies in lung cancer. Abstract Despite significant innovations in lung cancer treatment, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, lung cancer is still the principal cause of cancer-associated death. Novel strategies to overcome drug resistance and inhibit metastasis in cancer are urgently needed. The Hippo pathway and its effector, Yes-associated protein (YAP), play crucial roles in lung development and alveolar differentiation. YAP is known to mediate mechanotransduction, an important process in lung homeostasis and fibrosis. In lung cancer, YAP promotes metastasis and confers resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted agents. Recent studies revealed that YAP directly controls the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and modulates the tumor microenvironment (TME). YAP not only has a profound relationship with autophagy in lung cancer but also controls alveolar differentiation, and is responsible for tubular structure formation in lung organoids. In this review, we discuss the various roles and clinical implications of YAP in lung cancer and propose that targeting YAP can be a promising strategy for treating lung cancer.
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Miyachi Y, Nishio M, Otani J, Matsumoto S, Kikuchi A, Mak TW, Maehama T, Suzuki A. TAZ inhibits acinar cell differentiation but promotes immature ductal cell proliferation in adult mouse salivary glands. Genes Cells 2021; 26:714-726. [PMID: 34142411 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no treatments for salivary gland diseases, making it vital to understand signaling mechanisms operating in acinar and ductal cells so as to develop regenerative therapies. To date, little work has focused on elucidating the signaling cascades controlling the differentiation of these cell types in adult mammals. To analyze the function of the Hippo-TAZ/YAP1 pathway in adult mouse salivary glands, we generated adMOB1DKO mice in which both MOB1A and MOB1B were TAM-inducibly deleted when the animals were adults. Three weeks after TAM treatment, adMOB1DKO mice exhibited smaller submandibular glands (SMGs) than controls with a decreased number of acinar cells and an increased number of immature dysplastic ductal cells. The mutants suffered from reduced saliva production accompanied by mild inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in SMGs, similar to the Sjogren's syndrome. MOB1-deficient acinar cells showed normal proliferation and apoptosis but decreased differentiation, leading to an increase in acinar/ductal bilineage progenitor cells. These changes were TAZ-dependent but YAP1-independent. Biochemically, MOB1-deficient salivary epithelial cells showed activation of the TAZ/YAP1 and β-catenin in ductal cells, but reduced SOX2 and SOX10 expression in acinar cells. Thus, Hippo-TAZ signaling is critical for proper ductal and acinar cell differentiation and function in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junji Otani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Tilston-Lunel A, Mazzilli S, Kingston NM, Szymaniak AD, Hicks-Berthet J, Kern JG, Abo K, Reid ME, Perdomo C, Wilson AA, Spira A, Beane J, Varelas X. Aberrant epithelial polarity cues drive the development of precancerous airway lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019282118. [PMID: 33903236 PMCID: PMC8106308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019282118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular events that drive the development of precancerous lesions in the bronchial epithelium, which are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), are poorly understood. We demonstrate that disruption of epithelial cellular polarity, via the conditional deletion of the apical determinant Crumbs3 (Crb3), initiates and sustains precancerous airway pathology. The loss of Crb3 in adult luminal airway epithelium promotes the uncontrolled activation of the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ, which stimulate intrinsic signals that promote epithelial cell plasticity and paracrine signals that induce basal-like cell growth. We show that aberrant polarity and YAP/TAZ-regulated gene expression associates with human bronchial precancer pathology and disease progression. Analyses of YAP/TAZ-regulated genes further identified the ERBB receptor ligand Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) as a key transcriptional target and therapeutic targeting of ERBB receptors as a means of preventing and treating precancerous cell growth. Our observations offer important molecular insight into the etiology of LUSC and provides directions for potential interception strategies of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tilston-Lunel
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Sarah Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Nathan M Kingston
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | | | - Julia Hicks-Berthet
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Joseph G Kern
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Kristine Abo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Catalina Perdomo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02118
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02118
- Lung Cancer Initiative (LCI), Johnson and Johnson, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118;
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02118
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Influence of Culture Substrates on Morphology and Function of Pulmonary Alveolar Cells In Vitro. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050675. [PMID: 33946440 PMCID: PMC8147120 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell's microenvironment has been shown to exert influence on cell behavior. In particular, matrix-cell interactions strongly impact cell morphology and function. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of different culture substrate materials on phenotype and functional properties of lung epithelial adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. A549 cells were seeded onto two different biocompatible, commercially available substrates: a polyester coverslip (Thermanox™ Coverslips), that was used as cell culture plate control, and a polydimethylsiloxane membrane (PDMS, Elastosil® Film) investigated in this study as alternative material for A549 cells culture. The two substrates influenced cell morphology and the actin cytoskeleton organization. Further, the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its transcriptional coactivator PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) were translocated to the nucleus in A549 cells cultured on polyester substrate, yet it remained mostly cytosolic in cells on PDMS substrate. By SEM analysis, we observed that cells grown on Elastosil® Film maintained an alveolar Type II cell morphology. Immunofluorescence staining for surfactant-C revealing a high expression of surfactant-C in cells cultured on Elastosil® Film, but not in cells cultured on Thermanox™ Coverslips. A549 cells grown onto Elastosil® Film exhibited morphology and functionality that suggest retainment of alveolar epithelial Type II phenotype, while A549 cells grown onto conventional plastic substrates acquired an alveolar Type I phenotype.
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New Insights into YES-Associated Protein Signaling Pathways in Hematological Malignancies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081981. [PMID: 33924049 PMCID: PMC8073623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YES-associated protein (YAP) is a co-transcriptional activator that binds to transcriptional factors to increase the rate of transcription of a set of genes, and it can intervene in the onset and progression of different tumors. Most of the data in the literature refer to the effects of the YAP system in solid neoplasms. In this review, we analyze the possibility that YAP can also intervene in hematological neoplasms such as lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and acute and chronic leukemias, modifying the phenomena of cell proliferation and cell death. The possibilities of pharmacological intervention related to the YAP system in an attempt to use its modulation therapeutically are also discussed. Abstract The Hippo/YES-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is a cell survival and proliferation-control system with its main activity that of regulating cell growth and organ volume. YAP operates as a transcriptional coactivator in regulating the onset, progression, and treatment response in numerous human tumors. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of YAP in the control of the hematopoietic system, in physiological conditions rather than in hematological diseases. Nevertheless, several reports have proposed that the effects of YAP in tumor cells are cell-dependent and cell-type-determined, even if YAP usually interrelates with extracellular signaling to stimulate the onset and progression of tumors. In the present review, we report the most recent findings in the literature on the relationship between the YAP system and hematological neoplasms. Moreover, we evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the modulation of the YAP system in the treatment of malignancies. Given the effects of the YAP system in immunosurveillance, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, further studies on interactions between the YAP system and hematological malignancies will offer very relevant information for the targeting of these diseases employing YAP modifiers alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs.
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Yuan T, Zheng R, Zhou XM, Jin P, Huang ZQ, Zi XX, Wu QW, Wang WH, Deng HY, Kong WF, Qiu HJ, Zhou SZ, Chen QM, Tu YY, Li T, Liu J, Tan KS, Ong HH, Shi L, Chen ZG, Huang XK, Yang QT, Wang DY. Abnormal Expression of YAP Is Associated With Proliferation, Differentiation, Neutrophil Infiltration, and Adverse Outcome in Patients With Nasal Inverted Papilloma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625251. [PMID: 33937228 PMCID: PMC8083899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasal inverted papilloma (NIP) is a common benign tumor. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is the core effector molecule of the Hippo pathway, which regulates the proliferation and differentiation of airway epithelium. While its role in proliferation may be connected to NIP formation, no definitive association has been made between them. Methods We compared the difference of YAP expression and proliferation level between the control inferior turbinate, NP (nasal polyps), and NIP groups. In addition, we further used PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry to investigate YAP's role in the proliferation and differentiation of the nasal epithelium and inflammatory cell infiltration, correlating them with different grades of epithelial remodeling. We further used an IL-13 remodeling condition to investigate YAP's role in differentiation in an in vitro air-liquid interface (ALI) human nasal epithelial cell (hNECs) model. Finally, we also explored the correlation between YAP expression and clinical indicators of NIP. Results The expression of YAP/active YAP in the NIP group was significantly higher than that in the NP group and control group. Moreover, within the NIP group, the higher grade of epithelial remodeling was associated with higher YAP induced proliferation, leading to reduced ciliated cells and goblet cells. The finding was further verified using an IL-13 remodeling condition in differentiating ALI hNECs. Furthermore, YAP expression was positively correlated with proliferation and neutrophil infiltration in NIP. YAP expression was also significantly increased in NIP patients with adverse outcomes. Conclusion Abnormal expression of YAP/active YAP is associated with proliferation, differentiation, neutrophil infiltration, and adverse outcome in NIP and may present a novel target for diagnosis and intervention in NIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Min Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Wu Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yi Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Jun Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui-Zi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Min Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yi Tu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUHS Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUHS Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUHS Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Kun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Tai Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUHS Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Li S, Shao L, Xu T, Jiang X, Yang G, Dong L. An indispensable tool: Exosomes play a role in therapy for radiation damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111401. [PMID: 33761615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the three main treatments for tumors. Almost 70% of tumor patients undergo radiotherapy at different periods. Although radiotherapy can enhance the local control rate of tumors and patients' quality of life, normal tissues often show radiation damage following radiotherapy. In recent years, several studies have shown that exosomes could be biomarkers for diseases and be involved in the treatment of radiation damage. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles containing complex miRNAs and proteins. They can regulate the inflammatory response, enhance the regeneration effect of damaged tissue, and promote the repair of damaged tissues and cells, extending their survival time. In addition, their functions are achieved by paracrine signaling. In this review, we discuss the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and introduce the impact of exosomes on radiation damage in different organs and the hematopoietic system in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lihong Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Tiankai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Guozi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Prematurity negatively affects regenerative properties of human amniotic epithelial cells in the context of lung repair. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2665-2679. [PMID: 33000862 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation of the role of lung stem/progenitor cells in the development and perpetuation of chronic lung disease including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) were previously shown to improve lung architecture in bleomycin-induced lung injury, with the further suggestion that hAECs obtained from term pregnancies possessed superior anti-fibrotic properties compared with their preterm counterparts. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the differential effects of hAECs from term and preterm pregnancies on lung stem/progenitor cells involved in the repair. Here we showed that term hAECs were better able to activate bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AT2s) compared with preterm hAECs following bleomycin challenge. Further, we observed that term hAECs restored TGIF1 and TGFβ2 expression levels, while increasing c-MYC expression despite an absence of significant changes to Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In vitro, term hAECs increased the average size and numbers of BASC and AT2 colonies. The gene expression levels of Wnt ligands were higher in term hAECs, and the expression levels of BMP4, CCND1 and CDC42 were only increased in the BASC and AT2 organoids co-cultured with hAECs from term pregnancies but not preterm pregnancies. In conclusion, term hAECs were more efficient at activating the BASC niche compared with preterm hAECs. The impact of gestational age and/or complications leading to preterm delivery should be considered when applying hAECs and other gestational tissue-derived stem and stem-like cells therapeutically.
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Du Y, Rong L, Cong Y, Shen L, Zhang N, Wang B. Macrophage polarization: an effective approach to targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:191-209. [PMID: 33682588 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1901079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disease with immune abnormalities that can affect the entire digestive tract. A high percentage of patients with IBD are unresponsive to current pharmacological agents, hence the need exists for novel therapeutic approaches. There is compelling evidence that macrophage polarization plays a key role in the remission of IBD patients and that it could open up future treatment options for patients.Areas covered: This paper highlights the crucial role of macrophage polarization in IBD. The authors shed light on the phenotype and function of macrophages and potential drug targets for polarization regulation. Existing approaches for regulating macrophage polarization are discussed and potential solutions for safety concerns are considered. We performed a literature search on the IBD and macrophage polarization mainly published in PubMed January 2010-July 2020.Expert opinion: Evidence indicates that there are fewer M2 macrophages and a high proportion of M1 macrophages in the intestinal tissues of individuals who are non- responsive to treatment. Regulating macrophage polarization is a potential novel targeted option for IBD treatment. Improved mechanistic insights are required to uncover more precise and effective targets for skewing macrophages into a proper phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Du
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Rong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Cong
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Siddaiah R, Oji-Mmuo CN, Montes DT, Fuentes N, Spear D, Donnelly A, Silveyra P. MicroRNA Signatures Associated with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Severity in Tracheal Aspirates of Preterm Infants. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030257. [PMID: 33807742 PMCID: PMC8000397 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a form of chronic lung disease that develops in neonates as a consequence of preterm birth, arrested fetal lung development, and inflammation. The incidence of BPD remains on the rise as a result of increasing survival of extremely preterm infants. Severe BPD contributes to significant health care costs and is associated with prolonged hospitalizations, respiratory infections, and neurodevelopmental deficits. In this study, we aimed to detect novel biomarkers of BPD severity. We collected tracheal aspirates (TAs) from preterm babies with mild/moderate (n = 8) and severe (n = 17) BPD, and we profiled the expression of 1048 miRNAs using a PCR array. Associations with biological pathways were determined with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. We found 31 miRNAs differentially expressed between the two disease groups (2-fold change, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Of these, 4 miRNAs displayed significantly higher expression levels, and 27 miRNAs had significantly lower expression levels in the severe BPD group when compared to the mild/moderate BPD group. IPA identified cell signaling and inflammation pathways associated with miRNA signatures. We conclude that TAs of extremely premature infants contain miRNA signatures associated with severe BPD. These may serve as potential biomarkers of disease severity in infants with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Siddaiah
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (R.S.); (C.N.O.-M.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Christiana N. Oji-Mmuo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (R.S.); (C.N.O.-M.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Deborah T. Montes
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Nathalie Fuentes
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Debra Spear
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (R.S.); (C.N.O.-M.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Ann Donnelly
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (R.S.); (C.N.O.-M.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (R.S.); (C.N.O.-M.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Correspondence:
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Li R, Li X, Hagood J, Zhu MS, Sun X. Myofibroblast contraction is essential for generating and regenerating the gas-exchange surface. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2859-2871. [PMID: 32338642 DOI: 10.1172/jci132189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A majority (~95%) of the gas-exchange surface area is generated through septa formation during alveologenesis. Disruption of this process leads to alveolar simplification and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a prevalent disorder in premature infants. Although several models have been proposed, the mechanism of septa formation remains under debate. Here we show that inactivation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a key factor required for myofibroblast contraction, disrupted septa formation, supporting the myofibroblast contraction model of alveologenesis. The alveoli simplification phenotype was accompanied by decreased yes-associated protein (YAP), a key effector in the Hippo mechanotransduction pathway. Expression of activated YAP in Mlck-mutant lungs led to partial reversal of alveolar simplification. In the adult, although Mlck inactivation did not lead to simplification, it prevented reseptation during compensatory regrowth in the pneumonectomy model. These findings revealed that myofibroblast reactivation and contraction are requisite steps toward regenerating the gas-exchange surface in diseases such as BPD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.,Model Animal Research Center, and.,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Inactivation of Lats1 and Lats2 highlights the role of hippo pathway effector YAP in larynx and vocal fold epithelium morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2021; 473:33-49. [PMID: 33515576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation and differentiation of vocal fold epithelial cells during embryonic development is poorly understood. We examined the role of Hippo signaling, a vital pathway known for regulating organ size, in murine laryngeal development. Conditional inactivation of the Hippo kinase genes Lats1 and Lats2, specifically in vocal fold epithelial cells, resulted in severe morphogenetic defects. Deletion of Lats1 and Lats2 caused abnormalities in epithelial differentiation, epithelial lamina separation, cellular adhesion, basement membrane organization with secondary failed cartilage, and laryngeal muscle development. Further, Lats1 and Lats2 inactivation led to failure in differentiation of p63+ basal progenitors. Our results reveal novel roles of Hippo-Lats-YAP signaling in proper regulation of VF epithelial fate and larynx morphogenesis.
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63
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Xie Z, Wang Y, Yang G, Han J, Zhu L, Li L, Zhang S. The role of the Hippo pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:79. [PMID: 33436549 PMCID: PMC7804279 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder that primarily comprises Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Owing to its increasing prevalence in Eastern countries and the intractable challenges faced during IBD treatment, extensive research on IBD has been carried out over the last few years. Although the precise aetiology of IBD is undefined, the currently accepted hypothesis for IBD pathogenesis considers it to be a combination of environment, genetic predisposition, gut microbiota, and abnormal immunity. A recently emerged signalling pathway, the Hippo pathway, acts as a key regulator of cell growth, tissue homoeostasis, organ size, and has been implicated in several human cancers. In the past few years, studies have revealed the importance of the Hippo pathway in gastrointestinal tract physiology and gastrointestinal diseases, such as colorectal cancer and IBD. However, the role of the Hippo pathway and its exact impact in IBD remains to be elucidated. This review summarises the latest scientific literature on the involvement of this pathway in IBD from the following perspectives that account for the IBD pathogenesis: intestinal epithelial cell regeneration, immune regulation, gut microbiota, and angiogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the specific role of the Hippo pathway in IBD will provide novel insights into future research directions and clinical implications of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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64
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Kim JY, Kim TY, Lee ES, Aryal YP, Pokharel E, Sung S, Sohn WJ, Kim JY, Jung JK. Implications of the specific localization of YAP signaling on the epithelial patterning of circumvallate papilla. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:313-320. [PMID: 33420594 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Circumvallate papilla (CVP) is a distinctively structured with dome-shaped apex, and the surrounding trench which contains over two hundred taste buds on the lateral walls. Although CVP was extensively studied to determine the regulatory mechanisms during organogenesis, it still remains to be elucidated the principle mechanisms of signaling regulations on morphogenesis including taste buds formation. The key role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the regulation of organ size and cell proliferation in vertebrates is well understood, but little is known about the role of this signaling pathway in CVP development. We aimed to determine the putative roles of YAP signaling in the epithelial patterning during CVP morphogenesis. To evaluate the precise localization patterns of YAP and other related signaling molecules, including β-catenin, Ki67, cytokeratins, and PGP9.5, in CVP tissue, histology and immunohistochemistry were employed at E16 and adult mice. Our results suggested that there are specific localization patterns of YAP and Wnt signaling molecules in developing and adult CVP. These concrete localization patterns would provide putative involvements of YAP and Wnt signaling for proper epithelial cell differentiation including the formation and maintenance of taste buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University, Inchoen, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Joong-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Eui-Seon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Joong-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Joong-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Elina Pokharel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Joong-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Shijin Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Joong-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Pre-Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Joong-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea.
| | - Jae-Kwang Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Joong-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea.
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65
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Serapiglia V, Stephens CA, Joshi R, Aydin E, Oria M, Marotta M, Peiro JL, Varisco BM. Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Increases Lung Basal Cells via Increased Yap Signaling. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:780166. [PMID: 35280447 PMCID: PMC8904268 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.780166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) is an emerging surgical therapy for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Ovine and rabbit data suggested altered lung epithelial cell populations after tracheal occlusion (TO) with transcriptomic signatures implicating basal cells. To test this hypothesis, we deconvolved mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) data and used quantitative image analysis in fetal rabbit lung TO, which had increased basal cells and reduced ciliated cells after TO. In a fetal mouse TO model, flow cytometry showed increased basal cells, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated basal cell extension to subpleural airways. Nuclear Yap, a known regulator of basal cell fate, was increased in TO lung, and Yap ablation on the lung epithelium abrogated TO-mediated basal cell expansion. mRNA-seq of TO lung showed increased activity of downstream Yap genes. Human lung specimens with congenital and fetal tracheal occlusion had clusters of subpleural basal cells that were not present in the control. TO increases lung epithelial cell nuclear Yap, leading to basal cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Serapiglia
- School of Medicine, Northeast Ohio College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown Township, OH, United States
| | - Chad A Stephens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rashika Joshi
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emrah Aydin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University School of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey.,Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marc Oria
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mario Marotta
- Bioengineering, Cell Therapy and Surgery in Congenital Malformations Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L Peiro
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Brian M Varisco
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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66
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Vanyai HK, Prin F, Guillermin O, Marzook B, Boeing S, Howson A, Saunders RE, Snoeks T, Howell M, Mohun TJ, Thompson B. Control of skeletal morphogenesis by the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway. Development 2020; 147:dev187187. [PMID: 32994166 PMCID: PMC7673359 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway is an important regulator of tissue growth, but can also control cell fate or tissue morphogenesis. Here, we investigate the function of the Hippo pathway during the development of cartilage, which forms the majority of the skeleton. Previously, YAP was proposed to inhibit skeletal size by repressing chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. We find that, in vitro, Yap/Taz double knockout impairs murine chondrocyte proliferation, whereas constitutively nuclear nls-YAP5SA accelerates proliferation, in line with the canonical role of this pathway in most tissues. However, in vivo, cartilage-specific knockout of Yap/Taz does not prevent chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation or skeletal growth, but rather results in various skeletal deformities including cleft palate. Cartilage-specific expression of nls-YAP5SA or knockout of Lats1/2 do not increase cartilage growth, but instead lead to catastrophic malformations resembling chondrodysplasia or achondrogenesis. Physiological YAP target genes in cartilage include Ctgf, Cyr61 and several matrix remodelling enzymes. Thus, YAP/TAZ activity controls chondrocyte proliferation in vitro, possibly reflecting a regenerative response, but is dispensable for chondrocyte proliferation in vivo, and instead functions to control cartilage morphogenesis via regulation of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Vanyai
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Fabrice Prin
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Oriane Guillermin
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Bishara Marzook
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Alexander Howson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Thomas Snoeks
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Timothy J Mohun
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Barry Thompson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, St Pancras, NW1 1AT London, UK
- EMBL Australia, Department of Cancer Biology & Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Rd, Acton, 2601, Canberra, Australia
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67
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Lee JY, Na Q, Shin NE, Shin HE, Kang Y, Chudnovets A, Lei J, Song H, Burd I. Melatonin for prevention of fetal lung injury associated with intrauterine inflammation and for improvement of lung maturation. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12687. [PMID: 32737901 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with injury to immature lungs, and melatonin administration to preterm newborns with acute respiratory distress improves pulmonary outcomes. We hypothesized that maternally administered melatonin may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural injury in fetal lung and help fetal lung maturation in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation (IUI). Mice were randomized to the following groups: control (C), melatonin (M), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a model of IUI) (L), and LPS with melatonin (ML). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, components of the Hippo pathway, and Yap1/Taz were analyzed in the fetal lung at E18 by real-time RT-qPCR. Confirmatory histochemistry and immunohistochemical analyses (surfactant protein B, vimentin, HIF-1β, and CXCR2) were performed. The gene expression of IL1β in the fetal lung was significantly increased in L compared to C, M, and ML. Taz expression was significantly decreased in L compared to C and M. Taz gene expression in L was significantly decreased compared with those in ML. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the expression of HIF-1β and CXCR2 was significantly increased in L compared to C, M, and ML. The area of surfactant protein B and vimentin were significantly decreased in L than C, M, or ML in the fetal and neonatal lung. Antenatal maternally administered melatonin appears to prevent fetal lung injury induced by IUI and to help lung maturation. The results from this study results suggest that melatonin could serve as a novel safe preventive and/or therapeutic medicine for preventing fetal lung injury from IUI and for improving lung maturation in prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Quan Na
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Na E Shin
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ha Eun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeomin Kang
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Chudnovets
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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68
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Wu Z, Guan KL. Hippo Signaling in Embryogenesis and Development. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:51-63. [PMID: 32928629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hippo pathway components are structurally and functionally conserved and are notable for their role in controlling organ size. More diverse functions of the Hippo pathway have been recognized, including development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing and regeneration, immunity, and tumorigenesis. During embryogenesis, different signaling pathways are repeatedly and cooperatively activated, leading to differential gene expression in specific developmental contexts. In this article, we present an overview on the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway in mammalian early development. We introduce the Hippo pathway components and major upstream signals that act through this pathway to influence embryogenesis. We also discuss the roles of Hippo pathway in tissue specification and organ development during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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69
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Functional characterization of SOX2 as an anticancer target. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:135. [PMID: 32728033 PMCID: PMC7391717 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a well-characterized pluripotent factor that is essential for stem cell self-renewal, reprogramming, and homeostasis. The cellular levels of SOX2 are precisely regulated by a complicated network at the levels of transcription, post-transcription, and post-translation. In many types of human cancer, SOX2 is dysregulated due to gene amplification and protein overexpression. SOX2 overexpression is associated with poor survival of cancer patients. Mechanistically, SOX2 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion/metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. SOX2 is, therefore, an attractive anticancer target. However, little progress has been made in the efforts to discover SOX2 inhibitors, largely due to undruggable nature of SOX2 as a transcription factor. In this review, we first briefly introduced SOX2 as a transcription factor, its domain structure, normal physiological functions, and its involvement in human cancers. We next discussed its role in embryonic development and stem cell-renewal. We then mainly focused on three aspects of SOX2: (a) the regulatory mechanisms of SOX2, including how SOX2 level is regulated, and how SOX2 cross-talks with multiple signaling pathways to control growth and survival; (b) the role of SOX2 in tumorigenesis and drug resistance; and (c) current drug discovery efforts on targeting SOX2, and the future perspectives to discover specific SOX2 inhibitors for effective cancer therapy.
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70
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Chen Q, Rehman J, Chan M, Fu P, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Malik AB, Liu Y. Angiocrine Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Activation of S1PR2-YAP Signaling Axis in Alveolar Type II Cells Is Essential for Lung Repair. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107828. [PMID: 32610129 PMCID: PMC7371431 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar epithelium is composed of alveolar type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells. AT1 cells mediate gas exchange, whereas AT2 cells act as progenitor cells to repair injured alveoli. Lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVECs) play a crucial but still poorly understood role in regulating alveolar repair. Here, we studied the role of the LMVEC-derived bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in promoting alveolar repair using mice with endothelial-specific deletion of sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), the key enzyme promoting S1P generation. These mutant lungs developed airspace-enlargement lesions and exhibited a reduced number of AT1 cells after Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-induced lung injury. We demonstrated that S1P released by LMVECs acted via its receptor, S1PR2, on AT2 cells and induced nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP), a regulator of AT2 to AT1 transition. Thus, angiocrine S1P released after injury acts via the S1PR2-YAP signaling axis on AT2 cells to promote AT2 to AT1 differentiation required for alveolar repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manwai Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuru Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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71
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YAP Aggravates Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Regulating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and Gut Microbial Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1176-1189.e5. [PMID: 31018132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, epithelial cell regeneration, macrophage polarization, and gut microbial homeostasis are critical for the pathological processes associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). YAP (Yes-associated protein) is a key component of the Hippo pathway and was recently suggested to promote epithelial cell regeneration for IBD recovery. However, it is unclear how YAP regulates macrophage polarization, inflammation, and gut microbial homeostasis. Although YAP has been shown to promote epithelial regeneration and alleviate IBD, here we show that YAP in macrophages aggravates IBD, accompanied by the production of antimicrobial peptides and changes in gut microbiota. YAP impairs interleukin-4 (IL-4)/IL-13-induced M2 macrophage polarization while promoting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon γ (IFN-γ)-triggered M1 macrophage activation for IL-6 production. In addition, YAP expression is differently regulated during the induction of M2 versus M1 macrophages. This study suggests that fully understanding the multiple functions of YAP in different cell types is crucial for IBD therapy.
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72
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Targeting the Hippo pathway in cancer, fibrosis, wound healing and regenerative medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:480-494. [PMID: 32555376 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway with key roles in organ development, epithelial homeostasis, tissue regeneration, wound healing and immune modulation. Many of these roles are mediated by the transcriptional effectors YAP and TAZ, which direct gene expression via control of the TEAD family of transcription factors. Dysregulated Hippo pathway and YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity is associated with various diseases, most notably cancer, making this pathway an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. This Review highlights the key findings from studies of Hippo pathway signalling across biological processes and diseases, and discusses new strategies and therapeutic implications of targeting this pathway.
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73
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Conway RF, Frum T, Conchola AS, Spence JR. Understanding Human Lung Development through In Vitro Model Systems. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000006. [PMID: 32310312 PMCID: PMC7433239 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An abundance of information about lung development in animal models exists; however, comparatively little is known about lung development in humans. Recent advances using primary human lung tissue combined with the use of human in vitro model systems, such as human pluripotent stem cell-derived tissue, have led to a growing understanding of the mechanisms governing human lung development. They have illuminated key differences between animal models and humans, underscoring the need for continued advancements in modeling human lung development and utilizing human tissue. This review discusses the use of human tissue and the use of human in vitro model systems that have been leveraged to better understand key regulators of human lung development and that have identified uniquely human features of development. This review also examines the implementation and challenges of human model systems and discusses how they can be applied to address knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F Conway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Ansley S Conchola
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
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74
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Cao X, Wang C, Liu J, Zhao B. Regulation and functions of the Hippo pathway in stemness and differentiation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:736-748. [DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays important roles in organ development, tissue regeneration, and human diseases, such as cancer. In the canonical Hippo pathway, the MST1/2-LATS1/2 kinase cascade phosphorylates and inhibits transcription coactivators Yes-associated protein and transcription coactivator with PDZ-binding motif and thus regulates transcription of genes important for cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, recent studies have depicted a much more complicate picture of the Hippo pathway with many new components and regulatory stimuli involving both chemical and mechanical signals. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates that the Hippo pathway also plays important roles in the determination of cell fates, such as self-renewal and differentiation. Here, we review regulations of the Hippo pathway and its functions in stemness and differentiation emphasizing recent discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Cao
- MOE key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, and
| | - Chenliang Wang
- MOE key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, and
| | - Jiyang Liu
- MOE key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, and
| | - Bin Zhao
- MOE key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, and
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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75
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Soleas JP, D'Arcangelo E, Huang L, Karoubi G, Nostro MC, McGuigan AP, Waddell TK. Assembly of lung progenitors into developmentally-inspired geometry drives differentiation via cellular tension. Biomaterials 2020; 254:120128. [PMID: 32474250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During organogenesis groups of differentiating cells self-organize into a series of structural intermediates with defined architectural forms. Evidence is emerging that such architectural forms are important in guiding cell fate, yet in vitro methods to guide cell fate have focused primarily on un-patterned exposure of stems cells to developmentally relevant chemical cues. We set out to ask if organizing differentiating lung progenitors into developmentally relevant structures could be used to influence differentiation status. Specifically, we use elastomeric substrates to guide self-assembly of human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitors into developmentally-relevant sized tubes and assess the impact on differentiation. Culture in 100 μm tubes reduced the percentage of SOX2+SOX9+ cells and reduced proximal fate potential compared to culture in 400 μm tubes or on flat surfaces. Cells in 100 μm tubes curved to conform to the tube surface and experienced increased cellular tension and reduced elongation. Pharmacologic disruption of tension through inhibition of ROCK, myosin II activity and actin polymerization in tubes resulted in maintenance of SOX2+SOX9+ populations. Furthermore, this effect required canonical WNT signaling. This data suggests that structural forms, when developmentally relevant, can drive fate choice during directed differentiation via a tension-based canonical WNT dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Soleas
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G9; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Elisa D'Arcangelo
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G9
| | - Linwen Huang
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G9
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G9; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Rd., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G9; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G9; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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76
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Zhao L, Shi X, Wang N, Liu C, Wang J. YAP1, targeted by miR-375, enhanced the pro-angiogenesis of airway smooth muscle cells in asthma via STAT3 activation. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1275-1284. [PMID: 32308108 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1746874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP1 was previously reported to regulate the development of multiple tumors, angiogenesis included. Angiogenesis was a specific process of remodeling in asthma. In a recent study, YAP1 was correlated with the progression of asthma. However, the role of YAP1 in airway smooth muscle cell and the asthmatic airway angiogenesis was unclear. In the present study, we used cytokine-stimulated airway smooth muscle cells as asthma cell model in vitro. The results showed a significant up-regulation of YAP1 in asthmatic airway smooth muscle tissue and cytokine-stimulated asthmatic cell model by Western blot. The experimental results of YAP1 loss-of-function combined with STAT3 inhibitor (WP1066) showed that YAP1 knockdown inhibited the expression of VEGF by deactivating STAT3 in cytokine-stimulated ASM cells, which hindered the pro-angiogenesis ability of ASM cells. Besides, by combining prediction and binding site mutation along with luciferase reporter gene experiments, we confirmed direct binding between miR-375 and YAP1. Based on that, the decreased expression level of miR-375 was found to be correlated with the pathogenesis of asthma. Finally, miR-375 was verified to participate in the YAP1-regulated pro-angiogenesis ability of ASM cells. To sum up, we provided the evidence that YAP1 directly binds to miR-375 and takes part in the regulation of the pro-angiogenic ability of ASM cells by activating STAT3 and VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Asthma, Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolan Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Asthma, Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Asthma, Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Asthma, Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Asthma, Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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77
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Miller AJ, Yu Q, Czerwinski M, Tsai YH, Conway RF, Wu A, Holloway EM, Walker T, Glass IA, Treutlein B, Camp JG, Spence JR. In Vitro and In Vivo Development of the Human Airway at Single-Cell Resolution. Dev Cell 2020; 53:117-128.e6. [PMID: 32109386 PMCID: PMC7396815 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bud tip progenitor cells give rise to all murine lung epithelial lineages and have been described in the developing human lung; however, the mechanisms controlling human bud tip differentiation into specific lineages are unclear. Here, we used homogeneous human bud tip organoid cultures and identified SMAD signaling as a key regulator of the bud tip-to-airway transition. SMAD induction led to the differentiation of airway-like organoids possessing functional basal cells capable of clonal expansion and multilineage differentiation. To benchmark in vitro-derived organoids, we developed a single-cell mRNA sequencing atlas of the human lung from 11.5 to 21 weeks of development, which revealed high degrees of similarity between the in vitro-derived and in vivo airway. Together, this work sheds light on human airway differentiation in vitro and provides a single-cell atlas of the developing human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Miller
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qianhui Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Czerwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Renee F Conway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Taylor Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jason R Spence
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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78
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Lu Q, Scott PA, Vukmanic EV, Kaplan HJ, Dean DC, Li Q. Yap1 is required for maintenance of adult RPE differentiation. FASEB J 2020; 34:6757-6768. [PMID: 32223016 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear YAP1 plays a critical role in regulation of stem cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and organ size in many types of epithelia. Due to rapid turnover of most epithelial cell types, the cytoplasmic function of YAP1 in epithelial cells has not been well studied. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly polarized epithelial cell type maintained at a senescence state, and offers an ideal cell model to study the active role of YAP1 in maintenance of the adult epithelial phenotype. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic function of YAP1 is essential to maintain adult RPE differentiation. Knockout of Yap1 in the adult mouse RPE caused cell depolarization and tight junction breakdown, and led to inhibition of RPE65 expression, diminishment of RPE pigments, and retraction of microvilli and basal infoldings. These changes in RPE further prompted the loss of adjacent photoreceptor outer segments and photoreceptor death, which eventually led to decline of visual function in older mice between 6 and 12 months of age. Furthermore, nuclear β-catenin and its activity were significantly increased in mutant RPE. These results suggest that YAP1 plays an important role in active inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and is essential for downregulation of β-catenin nuclear activity and prevention of dedifferentiation of adult RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Patrick A Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric V Vukmanic
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qiutang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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79
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Barbry P, Cavard A, Chanson M, Jaffe AB, Plasschaert LW. Regeneration of airway epithelial cells to study rare cell states in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19 Suppl 1:S42-S46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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80
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Shen YQ, Bao ZD, Pan JJ, Mao XN, Cheng R, Zhou XG, Zhou XY, Yang Y. MicroRNA‑431 inhibits the expression of surfactant proteins through the BMP4/activin/TGF‑β signaling pathway by targeting SMAD4. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1571-1582. [PMID: 32323744 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and secretion of surfactant proteins (SPs) is an important sign of lung maturation. Furthermore, the morbidity of lung developmental diseases, including respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia which are mainly caused by immature lung development and lack of SPs, is increasing. As is well known, multiple microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) are able to influence lung development via numerous different signaling pathways. However, few studies examine the association between the miRNAs and lung developmental diseases. A previous study has demonstrated that miR‑431 was significantly (F=33.49; P<0.001) downregulated in the lung tissues of Sprague‑Dawley rats at 3 time points, embryonic day 19, embryonic day 21 and postnatal day 3. The present study reported that the regulation of miR‑431 may influence the expression of SPs. Thus, the further potential mechanisms of miR‑431 in negatively regulating lung development were examined in the present study. Stable A549 cell lines overexpressing or knocking down SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) transfected with miR‑431 overexpressed or knocked down, and their control groups were established. Subsequently, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), SMAD4 and SPs (SP‑A, SP‑B and SP‑C) at the RNA and protein levels were validated respectively by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and western blotting. miR‑431 exhibited a decreased expression, while BMP4 and SPs exhibited increased expression at the mRNA and protein levels in the SMAD4 knockdown group. Meanwhile, the expression of SPs were reduced in the SMAD4‑knockdown group via overexpressing miR‑431 and increased in the SMAD4‑overexpression group via inhibiting miR‑431. The present results indicate that SMAD4 negatively regulates the expression of SPs, and that miR‑431 negatively regulates the expression of SPs through inhibiting the BMP4/activin/transforming growth factor‑β signaling pathway by targeting SMAD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Shen
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Dan Bao
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Nan Mao
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhou
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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81
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Pobbati AV, Hong W. A combat with the YAP/TAZ-TEAD oncoproteins for cancer therapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:3622-3635. [PMID: 32206112 PMCID: PMC7069086 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-regulators YAP and TAZ pair primarily with the TEAD family of transcription factors to elicit a gene expression signature that plays a prominent role in cancer development, progression and metastasis. YAP and TAZ endow cells with various oncogenic traits such that they sustain proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, maintain stemness, respond to mechanical stimuli, engineer metabolism, promote angiogenesis, suppress immune response and develop resistance to therapies. Therefore, inhibiting YAP/TAZ- TEAD is an attractive and viable option for novel cancer therapy. It is exciting to know that many drugs already in the clinic restrict YAP/TAZ activities and several novel YAP/TAZ inhibitors are currently under development. We have classified YAP/TAZ-inhibiting drugs into three groups. Group I drugs act on the upstream regulators that are stimulators of YAP/TAZ activities. Many of the Group I drugs have the potential to be repurposed as YAP/TAZ indirect inhibitors to treat various solid cancers. Group II modalities act directly on YAP/TAZ or TEADs and disrupt their interaction; targeting TEADs has emerged as a novel option to inhibit YAP/TAZ, as TEADs are major mediators of their oncogenic programs. TEADs can also be leveraged on using small molecules to activate YAP/TAZ-dependent gene expression for use in regenerative medicine. Group III drugs focus on targeting one of the oncogenic downstream YAP/TAZ transcriptional target genes. With the right strategy and impetus, it is not far-fetched to expect a repurposed group I drug or a novel group II drug to combat YAP and TAZ in cancers in the near future.
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82
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Isago H, Mitani A, Mikami Y, Horie M, Urushiyama H, Hamamoto R, Terasaki Y, Nagase T. Epithelial Expression of YAP and TAZ Is Sequentially Required in Lung Development. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:256-266. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0218oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Isago
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Urushiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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83
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Ikonomou L, Herriges MJ, Lewandowski SL, Marsland R, Villacorta-Martin C, Caballero IS, Frank DB, Sanghrajka RM, Dame K, Kańduła MM, Hicks-Berthet J, Lawton ML, Christodoulou C, Fabian AJ, Kolaczyk E, Varelas X, Morrisey EE, Shannon JM, Mehta P, Kotton DN. The in vivo genetic program of murine primordial lung epithelial progenitors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 32005814 PMCID: PMC6994558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent Nkx2-1-positive lung epithelial primordial progenitors of the foregut endoderm are thought to be the developmental precursors to all adult lung epithelial lineages. However, little is known about the global transcriptomic programs or gene networks that regulate these gateway progenitors in vivo. Here we use bulk RNA-sequencing to describe the unique genetic program of in vivo murine lung primordial progenitors and computationally identify signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Tgf-β superfamily pathways, that are involved in their cell-fate determination from pre-specified embryonic foregut. We integrate this information in computational models to generate in vitro engineered lung primordial progenitors from mouse pluripotent stem cells, improving the fidelity of the resulting cells through unbiased, easy-to-interpret similarity scores and modulation of cell culture conditions, including substratum elastic modulus and extracellular matrix composition. The methodology proposed here can have wide applicability to the in vitro derivation of bona fide tissue progenitors of all germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laertis Ikonomou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Michael J Herriges
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sara L Lewandowski
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert Marsland
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ignacio S Caballero
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - David B Frank
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Reeti M Sanghrajka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Keri Dame
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Maciej M Kańduła
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Chair of Bioinformatics Research Group, Boku University, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Hicks-Berthet
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Matthew L Lawton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Constantina Christodoulou
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Eric Kolaczyk
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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84
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Varma R, Soleas JP, Waddell TK, Karoubi G, McGuigan AP. Current strategies and opportunities to manufacture cells for modeling human lungs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:90-109. [PMID: 32835746 PMCID: PMC7442933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases remain major healthcare burdens, for which the only curative treatment is lung transplantation. In vitro human models are promising platforms for identifying and testing novel compounds to potentially decrease this burden. Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is an important strategy to generate lung cells to create such models. Current lung directed differentiation protocols are limited as they do not 1) recapitulate the diversity of respiratory epithelium, 2) generate consistent or sufficient cell numbers for drug discovery platforms, and 3) establish the histologic tissue-level organization critical for modeling lung function. In this review, we describe how lung development has formed the basis for directed differentiation protocols, and discuss the utility of available protocols for lung epithelial cell generation and drug development. We further highlight tissue engineering strategies for manipulating biophysical signals during directed differentiation such that future protocols can recapitulate both chemical and physical cues present during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Varma
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John P Soleas
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
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85
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors, the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), regulate organ growth and cell plasticity during animal development and regeneration. Remarkably, experimental activation of YAP/TAZ in the mouse can promote regeneration in organs with poor or compromised regenerative capacity, such as the adult heart and the liver and intestine of old or diseased mice. However, therapeutic YAP/TAZ activation may cause serious side effects. Most notably, YAP/TAZ are hyperactivated in human cancers, and prolonged activation of YAP/TAZ triggers cancer development in mice. Thus, can the power of YAP/TAZ to promote regeneration be harnessed in a safe way? Here, we review the role of Hippo signalling in animal regeneration, examine the promises and risks of YAP/TAZ activation for regenerative medicine and discuss strategies to activate YAP/TAZ for regenerative therapy while minimizing adverse side effects.
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86
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van Soldt BJ, Cardoso WV. Hippo-Yap/Taz signaling: Complex network interactions and impact in epithelial cell behavior. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e371. [PMID: 31828974 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway has emerged as a crucial integrator of signals in biological events from development to adulthood and in diseases. Although extensively studied in Drosophila and in cell cultures, major gaps of knowledge still remain on how this pathway functions in mammalian systems. The pathway consists of a growing number of components, including core kinases and adaptor proteins, which control the subcellular localization of the transcriptional co-activators Yap and Taz through phosphorylation of serines at key sites. When localized to the nucleus, Yap/Taz interact with TEAD transcription factors to induce transcriptional programs of proliferation, stemness, and growth. In the cytoplasm, Yap/Taz interact with multiple pathways to regulate a variety of cellular functions or are targeted for degradation. The Hippo pathway receives cues from diverse intracellular and extracellular inputs, including growth factor and integrin signaling, polarity complexes, and cell-cell junctions. This review highlights the mechanisms of regulation of Yap/Taz nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and their implications for epithelial cell behavior using the lung as an intriguing example of this paradigm. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J van Soldt
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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87
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Bailey DD, Zhang Y, van Soldt BJ, Jiang M, Suresh S, Nakagawa H, Rustgi AK, Aceves SS, Cardoso WV, Que J. Use of hPSC-derived 3D organoids and mouse genetics to define the roles of YAP in the development of the esophagus. Development 2019; 146:dev.178855. [PMID: 31748205 PMCID: PMC6918786 DOI: 10.1242/dev.178855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Balanced progenitor activities are crucial for the development and maintenance of high turn-over organs such as the esophagus. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating these progenitor activities in the esophagus remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that Yap is required for the proliferation of esophageal progenitor cells (EPCs) in the developing murine esophagus. We found that Yap deficiency reduces EPC proliferation and stratification whereas persistent Yap activation increases cell proliferation and causes aberrant stratification of the developing esophagus. We further demonstrated that the role of YAP signaling is conserved in the developing human esophagus by utilizing 3D human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived esophageal organoid culture. Taken together, our studies combining loss/gain-of-function murine models and hPSC differentiation support a key role for YAP in the self-renewal of EPCs and stratification of the esophageal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique D. Bailey
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin J. van Soldt
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Supriya Suresh
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seema S. Aceves
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wellington V. Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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88
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Mammoto T, Muyleart M, Mammoto A. Endothelial YAP1 in Regenerative Lung Growth through the Angiopoietin-Tie2 Pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:117-127. [PMID: 30156429 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0105oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood capillaries, plays a key role in organ development and regeneration. Inhibition of lung angiogenesis through the blockade of angiogenic signaling pathways impairs compensatory and regenerative lung growth after unilateral pneumonectomy (PNX). The Hippo signaling transducer, Yes-associated protein (YAP) 1 binds to TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) and controls organ size and regeneration. However, the role of endothelial YAP1 in lung vascular and alveolar morphogenesis remains unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that knockdown of YAP1 in endothelial cells (ECs) decreases angiogenic factor receptor Tie2 expression, and inhibits EC sprouting and epithelial cell budding in vitro and vascular and alveolar morphogenesis in the gel implanted on the mouse lung. The expression levels of YAP1, TEAD1, and Tie2 increase in ECs isolated from the remaining mouse lungs after unilateral PNX and vascular formation is stimulated in the post-PNX mouse lungs. Knockdown of endothelial YAP1 inhibits compensatory lung growth and vascular and alveolar morphogenesis after unilateral PNX. These findings suggest that endothelial YAP1 is required for lung vascular and alveolar regeneration and modulation of YAP1 in ECs may be novel interventions for the improvement of lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Muyleart
- 1 Department of Radiology and.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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89
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Sivakumar A, Frank DB. Paradigms that define lung epithelial progenitor cell fate in development and regeneration. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019; 5:133-144. [PMID: 32587809 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Throughout the lifespan, lung injury impedes the primary critical function essential for life-respiration. To repair quickly and efficiently is critical and is orchestrated by a diverse repertoire of progenitor cells and their niche. This review incorporates knowledge gained from early studies in lung epithelial morphogenesis and cell fate and explores its relevance to more recent findings of lung progenitor and stem cells in development and regeneration. Recent Findings Cell fate in the lung is organized into an early specification phase and progressive differentiation phase in lung development. The advent of single cell analysis combined with lineage analysis and projections is uncovering new functional cell types in the lung providing a topographical atlas for progenitor cell lineage commitment during development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Summary Lineage commitment of lung progenitor cells is spatiotemporally regulated during development. Single cell sequencing technologies have significantly advanced our understanding of the similarities and differences between developmental and regenerative cell fate trajectories. Subsequent unraveling of the molecular mechanisms underlying these cell fate decisions will be essential to manipulating progenitor cells for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Sivakumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David B Frank
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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90
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Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway and its transcriptional co-activator targets Yorkie/YAP/TAZ first came to attention because of their role in tissue growth control. Over the past 15 years, it has become clear that, like other developmental pathways (e.g. the Wnt, Hedgehog and TGFβ pathways), Hippo signalling is a 'jack of all trades' that is reiteratively used to mediate a range of cellular decision-making processes from proliferation, death and morphogenesis to cell fate determination. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we briefly outline the core pathway and its regulation, and describe the breadth of its roles in animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Robert Davis
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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91
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Liu X, Long X, Gao Y, Liu W, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ogura T, Onodera S, Wang DO, Ikejima T. Type I collagen inhibits adipogenic differentiation via YAP activation in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1821-1837. [PMID: 31432516 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) has a marked influence on adipose tissue development. Adipose tissue formation is initiated with proliferation of preadipocytes and migration before undergoing further differentiation into mature adipocytes. Previous studies showed that collagen I (col I) provides a good substratum for 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to grow and migrate. However, it remains unclear whether and how col I regulates adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes. This study reports that lipid accumulation, representing in vitro adipogenesis of the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or the mouse primary adipocyte precursor cells derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue in the inguinal region is inhibited by the culture on col I, owing to downregulation of adipogenic factors. Previous study shows that col I enhances 3T3-L1 cell migration via stimulating the nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP). In this study, we report that downregulation of YAP is associated with in vitro adipogenesis of preadipocytes as well as with in vivo adipose tissue of high-fat diet fed mice. Increased expression of YAP in the cells cultured on col I-coated dishes is correlated with repression of adipogenic differentiation processes. The inactivation of YAP using YAP inhibitor, verteporfin, or YAP small-interfering RNA enhanced adipogenic differentiation and reversed the inhibitory effect of col I. Activation of YAP either by the transfection of YAP plasmid or the silence of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1), an inhibitory kinase of YAP, inhibited adipogenic differentiation. The results indicate that col I inhibits adipogenic differentiation via YAP activation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Long
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advan ced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Satoshi Onodera
- Medical Research Institute of Curing Mibyo, Narusedai, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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92
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Zheng Y, Pan D. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Development and Disease. Dev Cell 2019; 50:264-282. [PMID: 31386861 PMCID: PMC6748048 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway regulates diverse physiological processes, and its dysfunction has been implicated in an increasing number of human diseases, including cancer. Here, we provide an updated review of the Hippo pathway; discuss its roles in development, homeostasis, regeneration, and diseases; and highlight outstanding questions for future investigation and opportunities for Hippo-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA.
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93
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Shen YQ, Pan JJ, Sun ZY, Chen XQ, Zhou XG, Zhou XY, Cheng R, Yang Y. Differential expression of circRNAs during rat lung development. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1399-1413. [PMID: 31432143 PMCID: PMC6713411 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, thousands of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found in cancer and various tissues from different species. However, the expression of circRNAs during rat lung development remains largely unknown. In the present study, circRNA expression profiles were screened in three mixed rat lung tissues at 3 time-points [embryonic day (E) 19, E21 and post-natal (P) day 3] during fetal rat development with circRNA high-throughput sequencing. Preliminary results were verified by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) at 4 time-points (E16, E19, E21 and P3). A total of 375 circRNAs were differently expressed in E19 vs. E21 (fold change ≥1.5; P<0.05). At the same time, a total of 358 circRNAs were differently expressed in E21 vs. P3 (fold change ≥1.5; P<0.05). A total of 3 circRNAs (rno_circ:chr7:24777879-24784993, r n o _c i r c:c h r14:14 62 0 910 −14 62 49 33 a n d r n o _circ:chr3:1988750- 1998592) were characterized by having consistent fold changes (≥1.5) between 3 time-points (E19, E21 and P3) and were selected for RT-PCR at 4 time-points (E16, E19, E21 and P3). Subsequently, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of parent genes of the differentially expressed circRNAs revealed that these circRNAs may serve important roles in lung development. The present results support that these new found circRNAs participate in lung development. Furthermore, these findings may help to clarify the physiopathological mechanism of normal rat lung development, and may further provide a physiopatho-logical basis of lung developmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Shen
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Yi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhou
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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94
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Cellular crosstalk in the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:551-566. [PMID: 31217577 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, including the peripheral lungs, large airways and trachea, is one of the most recently evolved adaptations to terrestrial life. To support the exchange of respiratory gases, the respiratory system is interconnected with the cardiovascular system, and this interconnective nature requires a complex interplay between a myriad of cell types. Until recently, this complexity has hampered our understanding of how the respiratory system develops and responds to postnatal injury to maintain homeostasis. The advent of new single-cell sequencing technologies, developments in cellular and tissue imaging and advances in cell lineage tracing have begun to fill this gap. The view that emerges from these studies is that cellular and functional heterogeneity of the respiratory system is even greater than expected and also highly adaptive. In this Review, we explore the cellular crosstalk that coordinates the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. We discuss both the classic cell and developmental biology studies and recent single-cell analysis to provide an integrated understanding of the cellular niches that control how the respiratory system develops, interacts with the external environment and responds to injury.
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95
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Lv X, He C, Huang C, Wang H, Hua G, Wang Z, Zhou J, Chen X, Ma B, Timm BK, Maclin V, Dong J, Rueda BR, Davis JS, Wang C. Timely expression and activation of YAP1 in granulosa cells is essential for ovarian follicle development. FASEB J 2019; 33:10049-10064. [PMID: 31199671 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900179rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in development and tumorigenesis has been extensively studied in multiple organs, its role in ovarian follicle development remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1), the major effector of Hippo signaling, is spatiotemporally expressed in ovarian granulosa cells and plays a critical role in the regulation of follicle development. We found that the active form of YAP1 (nuclear YAP1) was predominantly expressed in proliferative granulosa cells, whereas the inactive form of YAP1 (cytoplasmic YAP1) was mainly detected in luteal cells (terminally differentiated granulosa cells). Pharmacological inhibition of YAP1 activity disrupted mouse ovarian follicle development in vitro and in vivo. Foxl2 promoter-driven knockout of Yap1 in ovarian granulosa cells resulted in increased apoptosis of granulosa cells, decreased number of corpora lutea, reduced ovarian size, and subfertility in transgenic mice. However, Cyp19a1 promoter-driven knockout of Yap1 in differentiated granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles and luteal cells of corpora lutea had no effect on ovarian morphology and fertility. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that YAP1 interacted with epidermal growth factor receptor and TGF-β signaling pathways to regulate granulosa cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Results from this study identify YAP1 as a critical regulator of granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation. Balanced expression and activation of YAP1 is essential for follicle development and successful reproduction. YAP1 is a promising target for treatment of subfertility associated with abnormal granulosa cell function.-Lv, X., He, C., Huang, C., Wang, H., Hua, G., Wang, Z., Zhou, J., Chen, X., Ma, B., Timm, B. K., Maclin, V., Dong, J., Rueda, B. R., Davis, J. S., Wang, C. Timely expression and activation of YAP1 in granulosa cells is essential for ovarian follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Lv
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chunbo He
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingcheng Chen
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bowen Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Barbara K Timm
- Heartland Center for Reproductive Medicine, PC, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Victoria Maclin
- Heartland Center for Reproductive Medicine, PC, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jixin Dong
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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96
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Hyun J, Oh SH, Premont RT, Guy CD, Berg CL, Diehl AM. Dysregulated activation of fetal liver programme in acute liver failure. Gut 2019; 68:1076-1087. [PMID: 30670575 PMCID: PMC6580749 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncertainty about acute liver failure (ALF) pathogenesis limits therapy. We postulate that ALF results from excessive reactivation of a fetal liver programme that is induced in hepatocytes when acutely injured livers regenerate. To evaluate this hypothesis, we focused on two molecules with known oncofetal properties in the liver, Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) and Insulin-like growth factor-2 RNA-binding protein-3 (IGF2BP3). DESIGN We compared normal liver with explanted livers of patients with ALF to determine if YAP1 and IGF2BP3 were induced; assessed whether these factors are upregulated when murine livers regenerate; determined if YAP1 and IGF2BP3 cooperate to activate the fetal programme in adult hepatocytes; and identified upstream signals that control these factors and thereby hepatocyte maturity during recovery from liver injury. RESULTS Livers of patients with ALF were massively enriched with hepatocytes expressing IGF2BP3, YAP1 and other fetal markers. Less extensive, transient accumulation of similar fetal-like cells that were proliferative and capable of anchorage-independent growth occurred in mouse livers that were regenerating after acute injury. Fetal reprogramming of hepatocytes was YAP1-dependent and involved YAP1-driven reciprocal modulation of let7 microRNAs and IGF2BP3, factors that negatively regulate each other to control fate decisions in fetal cells. Directly manipulating IGF2BP3 expression controlled the fetal-like phenotype regardless of YAP1 activity, proving that IGF2BP3 is the proximal mediator of this YAP1-directed fate. CONCLUSION After acute liver injury, hepatocytes are reprogrammed to fetal-like cells by a YAP1-dependent mechanism that differentially regulates let7 and IGF2BP3, identifying novel therapeutic targets for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Hyun
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seh-Hoon Oh
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia D Guy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carl L Berg
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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97
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Shreberk-Shaked M, Oren M. New insights into YAP/TAZ nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling: new cancer therapeutic opportunities? Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1335-1341. [PMID: 31050214 PMCID: PMC6547617 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes‐associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ), the main effectors of the Hippo pathway, are emerging as important players in cancer biology and therapy response. The intracellular localization of YAP/TAZ is a key determinant in the regulation of their activity and their roles in signal transduction. This is particularly relevant for cancer: Aberrant nuclear localization of YAP and TAZ has been observed in numerous human cancers and may therefore represent an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the mechanisms that regulate the nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling of YAP/TAZ and their implications for cancer, and discuss how the new insights about this process may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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98
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van Soldt BJ, Qian J, Li J, Tang N, Lu J, Cardoso WV. Yap and its subcellular localization have distinct compartment-specific roles in the developing lung. Development 2019; 146:dev.175810. [PMID: 30944105 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the Hippo-yes-associated protein (Yap) pathway has been implicated in lung development, the specific roles for Yap and its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in the developing airway and alveolar compartments remain elusive. Moreover, conflicting results from expression studies and differences in the lung phenotypes of Yap and Hippo kinase null mutants caused controversy over the dynamics and significance of Yap subcellular localization in the developing lung. Here, we show that the aberrant morphogenesis of Yap-deficient lungs results from the disruption of developmental events specifically in distal epithelial progenitors. We also show that activation of nuclear Yap is enough to fulfill the Yap requirements to rescue abnormalities in these lungs. Remarkably, we found that Yap nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is largely dispensable in epithelial progenitors for both branching morphogenesis and sacculation. However, if maintained transcriptionally active in airways, nuclear Yap profoundly alters proximal-distal identity and halts epithelial differentiation. Taken together, these observations provide novel insights into the crucial importance of Hippo-Yap signaling in the lung prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J van Soldt
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jun Qian
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jiao Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jining Lu
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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99
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LaCanna R, Liccardo D, Zhang P, Tragesser L, Wang Y, Cao T, Chapman HA, Morrisey EE, Shen H, Koch WJ, Kosmider B, Wolfson MR, Tian Y. Yap/Taz regulate alveolar regeneration and resolution of lung inflammation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2107-2122. [PMID: 30985294 DOI: 10.1172/jci125014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelium plays a pivotal role in protecting the lungs from inhaled infectious agents. Therefore, the regenerative capacity of the alveolar epithelium is critical for recovery from these insults in order to rebuild the epithelial barrier and restore pulmonary functions. Here, we show that sublethal infection of mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia, led to exclusive damage in lung alveoli, followed by alveolar epithelial regeneration and resolution of lung inflammation. We show that surfactant protein C-expressing (SPC-expressing) alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) underwent proliferation and differentiation after infection, which contributed to the newly formed alveolar epithelium. This increase in AECII activities was correlated with increased nuclear expression of Yap and Taz, the mediators of the Hippo pathway. Mice that lacked Yap/Taz in AECIIs exhibited prolonged inflammatory responses in the lung and were delayed in alveolar epithelial regeneration during bacterial pneumonia. This impaired alveolar epithelial regeneration was paralleled by a failure to upregulate IκBa, the molecule that terminates NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. These results demonstrate that signals governing resolution of lung inflammation were altered in Yap/Taz mutant mice, which prevented the development of a proper regenerative niche, delaying repair and regeneration of alveolar epithelium during bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peggy Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Tragesser
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tongtong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marla R Wolfson
- Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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100
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Deng H, Sun Y, Wang W, Li M, Yuan T, Kong W, Huang X, Long Z, Chen Z, Wang D, Yang Q. The hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein promotes epithelial proliferation and remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy 2019; 74:731-742. [PMID: 30362580 DOI: 10.1111/all.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation and development. However, its possible role in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains unknown. We aim to investigate it on nasal epithelial proliferation and remodeling in CRSwNP. METHODS The expressions of hippo pathway components as well as Ki-67 and E-cadherin in the sinonasal mucosa and nasal epithelial cells were analyzed in 14 controls, 14 eosinophilic CRSwNP, and 14 noneosinophilic CRSwNP. Nasal epithelial cells from 6 controls, 6 eosinophilic CRSwNP, and 6 noneosinophilic CRSwNP were cultured and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Poly(I:C), or a selective YAP inhibitor verteporfin (VP). RESULTS The hippo pathway components MST1, LATS1/2, YAP, and TEAD1 were increased in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP, particularly in nasal epithelial cells, along with upregulation of Ki-67 and downregulation of E-cadherin. The mRNA levels of YAP positively correlated with the Ki-67 mRNA levels, and negatively associated with the E-cadherin mRNA levels in polyp tissues and epithelial cells from nasal polyps (NPECs). LPS and Poly(I:C) upregulated the YAP expression in nasal epithelial cells accompanied by increased TEAD1 and Ki-67 expression. Conversely, YAP inhibition by VP decreased TEAD1 and Ki-67 expression in NPECs. CONCLUSIONS Hippo pathway components are abnormally upregulated in NPECs, and its effector YAP promotes nasal epithelial cells proliferation and remodeling in CRSwNP. It provides a rationale to explore inhibition of YAP as a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing the epithelial proliferation and remodeling in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yueqi Sun
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Meijiao Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Weifeng Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xuekun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zijie Long
- Department of Hematology The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhuanggui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology National University Health System National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Qintai Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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