51
|
Zhao H, Qiao L, Fan D, Zhang S, Turel O, Li Y, Li J, Xue G, Chen A, He Q. Modulation of Brain Activity with Noninvasive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): Clinical Applications and Safety Concerns. Front Psychol 2017; 8:685. [PMID: 28539894 PMCID: PMC5423956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a widely-used tool to induce neuroplasticity and modulate cortical function by applying weak direct current over the scalp. In this review, we first introduce the underlying mechanism of action, the brief history from discovery to clinical scientific research, electrode positioning and montages, and parameter setup of tDCS. Then, we review tDCS application in clinical samples including people with drug addiction, major depression disorder, Alzheimer's disease, as well as in children. This review covers the typical characteristics and the underlying neural mechanisms of tDCS treatment in such studies. This is followed by a discussion of safety, especially when the current intensity is increased or the stimulation duration is prolonged. Given such concerns, we provide detailed suggestions regarding safety procedures for tDCS operation. Lastly, future research directions are discussed. They include foci on the development of multi-tech combination with tDCS such as with TMS and fMRI; long-term behavioral and morphological changes; possible applications in other research domains, and more animal research to deepen the understanding of the biological and physiological mechanisms of tDCS stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Dongqiong Fan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- School of Education, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Department of Information systems and Decision Sciences, College of Business and Economics, California State University, FullertonFullerton, CA, USA
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Gui Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal UniversityChongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Vergara VM, Liu J, Claus ED, Hutchison K, Calhoun V. Alterations of resting state functional network connectivity in the brain of nicotine and alcohol users. Neuroimage 2017; 151:45-54. [PMID: 27864080 PMCID: PMC5420342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and nicotine intake result in neurological alterations at the circuit level. Resting state functional connectivity has shown great potential in identifying these alterations. However, current studies focus on specific seeds and leave out many brain regions where effects might exist. The present study uses a data driven technique for brain segmentation covering the whole brain. Functional magnetic-resonance-imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 188 subjects:51 non-substance consumption controls (CTR), 36 smoking-and-drinking subjects (SAD), 28 drinkers (DRN), and 73 smokers (SMK). Data were processed using group independent component analysis to derive resting state networks (RSN). The resting state functional network connectivity (rsFNC) was then calculated through correlation between time courses. One-way ANOVA tests were used to detect rsFNC differences among the four groups. A total of 50 ANOVA tests were significant after multi-comparison correction. Results delineate a general pattern of hypo-connectivity in the substance consumers. Precuneus, postcentral gyrus, insula and visual cortex were the main brain areas with rsFNC reduction suggesting reduced interoceptive awareness in drinkers. In addition, connectivity reduction between postcentral and one RSN covering right fusiform and lingual gyri showed significant association with severity of hazardous drinking. In smokers, connectivity changes agreed with the idea of a shift towards endogenous information processing, represented by the DMN. Hypo-connectivity between thalamus and putamen was observed in smokers. In contrast, the angular gyrus showed hyper-connectivity with the precuneus linked to smoking and significantly correlated with nicotine dependence severity. In spite of the presence of common effects, our results suggest that particular effects of alcohol and nicotine can be separated and identified. Results also suggest that concurrent use of both substances affects brain connectivity in a complex manner, requiring careful consideration of interaction effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Vergara
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Eric D Claus
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhou S, Xiao D, Peng P, Wang SK, Liu Z, Qin HY, Li SS, Wang C. Effect of smoking on resting-state functional connectivity in smokers: An fMRI study. Respirology 2017; 22:1118-1124. [PMID: 28374936 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Smoking is a leading cause of death in the world. Aberrant brain function has been repeatedly linked to tobacco smoking. However, little is known about insula-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in non-deprived tobacco-dependent smokers. This study characterized the correlation between insula-based rsFC and tobacco dependence severity in non-deprived smokers. METHODS A total of 37 male smokers and 37 age-matched male non-smokers completed resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scans. The insula-based rsFC differences between smokers and controls were investigated and the correlation between insula-based rsFC and FTND (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence) scores were then assessed. RESULTS Compared with controls, smokers showed significantly lower rsFC between orbitofrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, temporal lobe and insula. The rsFC between orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, inferior parietal cortex, occipital lobe and insula was positively correlated with FTND. However, the rsFC between anterior cingulate cortex and insula was negatively correlated with FTND. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest differences in brain functional connectivity between smokers and non-smokers. This study sheds new insights into the neural mechanisms of tobacco dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Tobacco Medicine and Tobacco Cessation Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Kun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Tobacco Medicine and Tobacco Cessation Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Qin
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Wei-Fang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Sheng-Shu Li
- Department of Respiration, Hainan Branch of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Sanya, China
| | - Chen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Alamian G, Hincapié AS, Combrisson E, Thiery T, Martel V, Althukov D, Jerbi K. Alterations of Intrinsic Brain Connectivity Patterns in Depression and Bipolar Disorders: A Critical Assessment of Magnetoencephalography-Based Evidence. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:41. [PMID: 28367127 PMCID: PMC5355450 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being the object of a thriving field of clinical research, the investigation of intrinsic brain network alterations in psychiatric illnesses is still in its early days. Because the pathological alterations are predominantly probed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), many questions about the electrophysiological bases of resting-state alterations in psychiatric disorders, particularly among mood disorder patients, remain unanswered. Alongside important research using electroencephalography (EEG), the specific recent contributions and future promise of magnetoencephalography (MEG) in this field are not fully recognized and valued. Here, we provide a critical review of recent findings from MEG resting-state connectivity within major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The clinical MEG resting-state results are compared with those previously reported with fMRI and EEG. Taken together, MEG appears to be a promising but still critically underexploited technique to unravel the neurophysiological mechanisms that mediate abnormal (both hyper- and hypo-) connectivity patterns involved in MDD and BD. In particular, a major strength of MEG is its ability to provide source-space estimations of neuromagnetic long-range rhythmic synchronization at various frequencies (i.e., oscillatory coupling). The reviewed literature highlights the relevance of probing local and interregional rhythmic synchronization to explore the pathophysiological underpinnings of each disorder. However, before we can fully take advantage of MEG connectivity analyses in psychiatry, several limitations inherent to MEG connectivity analyses need to be understood and taken into account. Thus, we also discuss current methodological challenges and outline paths for future research. MEG resting-state studies provide an important window onto perturbed spontaneous oscillatory brain networks and hence supply an important complement to fMRI-based resting-state measurements in psychiatric populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golnoush Alamian
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Ana-Sofía Hincapié
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Etienne Combrisson
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Center of Research and Innovation in Sport, Mental Processes and Motor Performance, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Brain Dynamics and Cognition, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thomas Thiery
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Véronique Martel
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Dmitrii Althukov
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Computer Sciences, National Research Institution Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; MEG Center, Moscow State University of Pedagogics and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karim Jerbi
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
McCormick EM, Telzer EH. Adaptive Adolescent Flexibility: Neurodevelopment of Decision-making and Learning in a Risky Context. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 29:413-423. [PMID: 28129057 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Research on adolescence has largely focused on the particular biological and neural changes that place teens at risk for negative outcomes linked to increases in sensation-seeking and risky behavior. However, there is a growing interest in the adaptive function of adolescence, with work highlighting the dual nature of adolescence as a period of potential risk and opportunity. We examined how behavioral and neural sensitivity to risk and reward varies as a function of age using the Balloon Analog Risk Task. Seventy-seven children and adolescents (ages 8-17 years) completed the Balloon Analog Risk Task during an fMRI session. Results indicate that adolescents show greater learning throughout the task. Furthermore, older participants showed increased neural responses to reward in the OFC and ventral striatum, increased activation to risk in the mid-cingulate cortex, as well as increased functional OFC-medial PFC coupling in both risk and reward contexts. Age-related changes in regional activity and interregional connectivity explain the link between age and increases in flexible learning. These results support the idea that adolescents' sensitivity to risk and reward supports adaptive learning and behavioral approaches for reward acquisition.
Collapse
|
56
|
Dorsal anterior cingulate glutamate is associated with engagement of the default mode network during exposure to smoking cues. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 167:75-81. [PMID: 27522872 PMCID: PMC5037039 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When exposed to smoking cues, nicotine dependent individuals activate brain regions overlapping with the default mode network (DMN), a network of regions involved in internally-focused cognition. The salience network (SN), which includes the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), is thought to interact with the DMN and aids in directing attention toward salient internal or external stimuli. One possibility is that neurochemical variation in SN regions such as the dACC impact DMN reactivity to personally relevant stimuli such as smoking cues. This is consistent with emerging evidence suggesting an association between midline cortical glutamate (Glu) and activity in brain regions overlapping with the DMN. METHODS In 18 nicotine-dependent individuals, we assessed the relationship between DMN activation to smoking relative to neutral cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging and dACC Glu as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This association also was tested in a replication sample of 14 nicotine-dependent participants. RESULTS Not only was the DMN significantly less suppressed during smoking cue exposure, but also there was a positive association between DMN reactivity to smoking relative to neutral cues and dACC Glu (r=0.56, p<0.02). This finding was confirmed in the independent replication cohort (r=0.64, p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS The current findings confirm that the DMN is less suppressed when smokers view smoking relative to neutral cues, suggesting that smoking cues engage self-relevant processing. Furthermore, these results indicate that dACC Glu is associated with enhanced DMN engagement when nicotine-dependent individuals are exposed to self-relevant smoking cues.
Collapse
|
57
|
Smoking Abstinence-Induced Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity with Ventral Striatum Predict Lapse During a Quit Attempt. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2521-9. [PMID: 27091382 PMCID: PMC4987851 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ventral and dorsal striatum are critical substrates of reward processing and motivation and have been repeatedly linked to addictive disorders, including nicotine dependence. However, little is known about how functional connectivity between these and other brain regions is modulated by smoking withdrawal and may contribute to relapse vulnerability. In the present study, 37 smokers completed resting state fMRI scans during both satiated and 24-h abstinent conditions, prior to engaging in a 3-week quit attempt supported by contingency management. We examined the effects of abstinence condition and smoking outcome (lapse vs non-lapse) on whole-brain connectivity with ventral and dorsal striatum seed regions. Results indicated a significant condition by lapse outcome interaction for both right and left ventral striatum seeds. Robust abstinence-induced increases in connectivity with bilateral ventral striatum were observed across a network of regions implicated in addictive disorders, including insula, superior temporal gyrus, and anterior/mid-cingulate cortex among non-lapsers; the opposite pattern was observed for those who later lapsed. For dorsal striatum seeds, 24-h abstinence decreased connectivity across both groups with several regions, including medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and supplemental motor area. These findings suggest that modulation of striatal connectivity with the cingulo-insular network during early withdrawal may be associated with smoking cessation outcomes.
Collapse
|
58
|
Garrison KA, Sinha R, Lacadie CM, Scheinost D, Jastreboff AM, Constable RT, Potenza MN. Functional Connectivity During Exposure to Favorite-Food, Stress, and Neutral-Relaxing Imagery Differs Between Smokers and Nonsmokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:1820-9. [PMID: 26995796 PMCID: PMC4978981 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco-use disorder is a complex condition involving multiple brain networks and presenting with multiple behavioral correlates including changes in diet and stress. In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of neural responses to favorite-food, stress, and neutral-relaxing imagery, smokers versus nonsmokers demonstrated blunted corticostriatal-limbic responses to favorite-food cues. Based on other recent reports of alterations in functional brain networks in smokers, the current study examined functional connectivity during exposure to favorite-food, stress, and neutral-relaxing imagery in smokers and nonsmokers, using the same dataset. METHODS The intrinsic connectivity distribution was measured to identify brain regions that differed in degree of functional connectivity between groups during each imagery condition. Resulting clusters were evaluated for seed-to-voxel connectivity to identify the specific connections that differed between groups during each imagery condition. RESULTS During exposure to favorite-food imagery, smokers versus nonsmokers showed lower connectivity in the supramarginal gyrus, and differences in connectivity between the supramarginal gyrus and the corticostriatal-limbic system. During exposure to neutral-relaxing imagery, smokers versus nonsmokers showed greater connectivity in the precuneus, and greater connectivity between the precuneus and the posterior insula and rolandic operculum. During exposure to stress imagery, smokers versus nonsmokers showed lower connectivity in the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide data-driven insights into smoking-related alterations in brain functional connectivity patterns related to appetitive, relaxing, and stressful states. IMPLICATIONS This study uses a data-driven approach to demonstrate that smokers and nonsmokers show differential patterns of functional connectivity during guided imagery related to personalized favorite-food, stress, and neutral-relaxing cues, in brain regions implicated in attention, reward-related, emotional, and motivational processes. For smokers, these differences in connectivity may impact appetite, stress, and relaxation, and may interfere with smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Child Study Center, and Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cheryl M Lacadie
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ania M Jastreboff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Neurobiology, and CASA Columbia, Yale School of Medicine, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lee TH, Telzer EH. Negative functional coupling between the right fronto-parietal and limbic resting state networks predicts increased self-control and later substance use onset in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 20:35-42. [PMID: 27344035 PMCID: PMC4975996 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developmental brain imaging studies have demonstrated that negatively coupled prefrontal-limbic circuitry implicates the maturation of brain development in adolescents. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and independent component analysis (ICA), the present study examined functional network coupling between prefrontal and limbic systems and links to self-control and substance use onset in adolescents. Results suggest that negative network coupling (anti-correlated temporal dynamics) between the right fronto-parietal and limbic resting state networks is associated with greater self-control and later substance use onset in adolescents. These findings increase our understanding of the developmental importance of prefrontal-limbic circuitry for adolescent substance use at the resting-state network level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), United States
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, UIUC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Weinstein AM, Freedman N, Greif J, Yemini Z, Mishani E, London E, Chisin R, Bocher M. Negative association of pretreatment cigarette use with smoking-induced striatal dopamine release in smokers receiving bupropion treatment. Am J Addict 2016; 25:486-92. [PMID: 27467186 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In an effort to help identify factors that maintain heavy smoking, this study tested the association of pretreatment cigarette use (cigarettes per day) with striatal dopamine release during smoking-cessation treatment. METHODS Thirteen regular smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day) were evaluated on parameters of smoking behavior, and they entered a smoking cessation treatment protocol, including bupropion administration and individual counseling for 2 months. On week 7 of treatment, 10 of the participants underwent brain scans using [(11) C]raclopride with positron emission tomography to assess smoking-induced dopamine release in the caudate nucleus and putamen, inferred from changes in dopamine D2 -type receptor availability. RESULTS Receptor availability, measured as binding potential referred to non-displaceable uptake (BPND ) in both striatal regions re-demonstrated a significant decrease after smoking a cigarette; and pre-treatment cigarette use significantly negatively correlated with smoking-induced dopamine release in the caudate. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The negative association of cigarette use with dopamine release suggests tolerance or down-regulation of the dopamine system by chronic smoking, or a pre-existing condition that promotes more frequent smoking. This association should be regarded as preliminary evidence that warrants verification. (Am J Addict 2016;25:486-492).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Malkiel Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Ariel, Science Park, Ariel, Israel, 40700.,Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah Hospital Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel, 91120.,Lung Institute, Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St. Tel Aviv, Israel, 64239
| | - Nanette Freedman
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah Hospital Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel, 91120
| | - Joel Greif
- Lung Institute, Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St. Tel Aviv, Israel, 64239
| | - Zipi Yemini
- Lung Institute, Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St. Tel Aviv, Israel, 64239
| | - Eyal Mishani
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah Hospital Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel, 91120
| | - Edythe London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roland Chisin
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah Hospital Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel, 91120
| | - Moshe Bocher
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah Hospital Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel, 91120
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Hyper-resting brain entropy within chronic smokers and its moderation by Sex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29435. [PMID: 27377552 PMCID: PMC4932513 DOI: 10.1038/srep29435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a chronic relapsing brain disorder, and remains a premier cause of morbidity and mortality. Functional neuroimaging has been used to assess differences in the mean strength of brain activity in smokers’ brains, however less is known about the temporal dynamics within smokers’ brains. Temporal dynamics is a key feature of a dynamic system such as the brain, and may carry information critical to understanding the brain mechanisms underlying cigarette smoking. We measured the temporal dynamics of brain activity using brain entropy (BEN) mapping and compared BEN between chronic non-deprived smokers and non-smoking controls. Because of the known sex differences in neural and behavioral smoking characteristics, comparisons were also made between males and females. Associations between BEN and smoking related clinical measures were assessed in smokers. Our data showed globally higher BEN in chronic smokers compared to controls. The escalated BEN was associated with more years of smoking in the right limbic area and frontal region. Female nonsmokers showed higher BEN than male nonsmokers in prefrontal cortex, insula, and precuneus, but the BEN sex difference in smokers was less pronounced. These findings suggest that BEN mapping may provide a useful tool for probing brain mechanisms related to smoking.
Collapse
|
62
|
Stoeckel LE, Chai XJ, Zhang J, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Evins AE. Lower gray matter density and functional connectivity in the anterior insula in smokers compared with never smokers. Addict Biol 2016; 21:972-81. [PMID: 25990865 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although nicotine addiction is characterized by both structural and functional abnormalities in brain networks involved in salience and cognitive control, few studies have integrated these data to understand how these abnormalities may support addiction. This study aimed to (1) evaluate gray matter density and functional connectivity of the anterior insula in cigarette smokers and never smokers and (2) characterize how differences in these measures were related to smoking behavior. We compared structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (gray matter density via voxel-based morphometry) and seed-based functional connectivity MRI data in 16 minimally deprived smokers and 16 matched never smokers. Compared with controls, smokers had lower gray matter density in left anterior insula extending into inferior frontal and temporal cortex. Gray matter density in this region was inversely correlated with cigarettes smoked per day. Smokers exhibited negative functional connectivity (anti-correlation) between the anterior insula and regions involved in cognitive control (left lPFC) and semantic processing/emotion regulation (lateral temporal cortex), whereas controls exhibited positive connectivity between these regions. There were differences in the anterior insula, a central region in the brain's salience network, when comparing both volumetric and functional connectivity data between cigarette smokers and never smokers. Volumetric data, but not the functional connectivity data, were also associated with an aspect of smoking behavior (daily cigarettes smoked).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke E. Stoeckel
- Department of Psychiatry; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Xiaoqian J. Chai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - A. Eden Evins
- Department of Psychiatry; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Mostert JC, Shumskaya E, Mennes M, Onnink AMH, Hoogman M, Kan CC, Arias Vasquez A, Buitelaar J, Franke B, Norris DG. Characterising resting-state functional connectivity in a large sample of adults with ADHD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 67:82-91. [PMID: 26825495 PMCID: PMC4788977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder that often persists into adulthood. While several studies have identified altered functional connectivity in brain networks during rest in children with ADHD, few studies have been performed on adults with ADHD. Existing studies have generally investigated small samples. We therefore investigated aberrant functional connectivity in a large sample of adult patients with childhood-onset ADHD, using a data-driven, whole-brain approach. Adults with a clinical ADHD diagnosis (N=99) and healthy, adult comparison subjects (N=113) underwent a 9-minute resting-state fMRI session in a 1.5T MRI scanner. After elaborate preprocessing including a thorough head-motion correction procedure, group independent component analysis (ICA) was applied from which we identified six networks of interest: cerebellum, executive control, left and right frontoparietal and two default-mode networks. Participant-level network maps were obtained using dual-regression and tested for differences between patients with ADHD and controls using permutation testing. Patients showed significantly stronger connectivity in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the executive control network. Trends were also observed for stronger connectivity in the cerebellum network in ADHD patients compared to controls. However, there was considerable overlap in connectivity values between patients and controls, leading to relatively low effect sizes despite the large sample size. These effect sizes were slightly larger when testing for correlations between hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and connectivity strength in the executive control and cerebellum networks. This study provides important insights for studies on the neurobiology of adult ADHD; it shows that resting-state functional connectivity differences between adult patients and controls exist, but have smaller effect sizes than existing literature suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette C Mostert
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Mennes
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Marten H Onnink
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis C Kan
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - David G Norris
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Shen Z, Huang P, Qian W, Wang C, Yu H, Yang Y, Zhang M. Severity of dependence modulates smokers' functional connectivity in the reward circuit: a preliminary study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2129-2137. [PMID: 26955839 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine dependence is characterized as a neural circuit dysfunction, particularly with regard to the reward circuit. Although dependence severity moderates cue reactivity in the brain regions involved in reward processing, the direction of its influence remains controversial. OBJECTIVES Investigating the functional organization of the reward circuit may provide complementary information. Here, we used resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to evaluate the integrity of the reward circuit in smokers with different severities of nicotine dependence. METHODS Totals of 65 smokers and 37 non-smokers underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The smokers were divided into low-dependent (FTND < 5, n = 26) and high-dependent smoker groups (FTND ≥ 5, n = 39) based on their nicotine-dependence severity (as measured by the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence [FTND]). The region of interest (ROI)-wise rsFC within the reward circuit was compared between smokers and non-smokers as well as between low-dependent and high-dependent smokers and then correlated with smokers' FTND scores. RESULTS Widespread rsFC attenuation was observed in the reward circuit of smokers compared with non-smokers. Compared with low-dependent smokers, high-dependent smokers showed greater rsFC between the right amygdala and the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as well as between the bilateral hippocampus. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the inter-hippocampus rsFC and the severity of nicotine dependence (FTND) was detected among all smokers (r = 0.416, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a dysfunction of the reward circuit in nicotine-dependent individuals. Moreover, our study improves the understanding of the neuroplastic changes that occur during the development of nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hualiang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Huang X, Liu Z, Mwansisya TE, Pu W, Zhou L, Liu C, Chen X, Rohrbaugh R, Marienfeld C, Xue Z, Liu H. Betel quid chewing alters functional connectivity in frontal and default networks: A resting-state fMRI study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:157-166. [PMID: 27227967 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha Hunan PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | | | - Weidan Pu
- Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Robert Rohrbaugh
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Carla Marienfeld
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Haihong Liu
- Clinical Psychology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha Hunan PR China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zhang JT, Yao YW, Li CSR, Zang YF, Shen ZJ, Liu L, Wang LJ, Liu B, Fang XY. Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in young adults with Internet gaming disorder. Addict Biol 2016; 21:743-51. [PMID: 25899520 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insula has been implicated in salience processing, craving, and interoception, all of which are critical to the clinical manifestations of drug and behavioral addiction. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the insula and its association with Internet gaming characteristics in 74 young adults with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (HCs). In comparison with HCs, IGD subjects (IGDs) exhibited enhanced rsFC between the anterior insula and a network of regions including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), putamen, angular gyrus, and precuneous, which are involved in salience, craving, self-monitoring, and attention. IGDs also demonstrated significantly stronger rsFC between the posterior insula and postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, supplemental motor area, and superior temporal gyrus (STG), which are involved in interoception, movement control, and auditory processing. Furthermore, IGD severity was positively associated with connectivity between the anterior insula and angular gyrus, and STG, and with connectivity between the posterior insula and STG. Duration of Internet gaming was positively associated with connectivity between the anterior insula and ACC. These findings highlight a key role of the insula in manifestation of the core symptoms of IGD and the importance to examine functional abnormalities of the anterior and posterior insula separately in IGDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Yuan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders; Hangzhou Normal University; China
| | - Zi-Jiao Shen
- Institute of Developmental Psychology; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Ling-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Ben Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology; Beijing Normal University; China
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior; Tianjin Normal University; China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Resting-state functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus is associated with risky decision-making in nicotine addicts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21778. [PMID: 26879047 PMCID: PMC4755012 DOI: 10.1038/srep21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine addiction is associated with risky behaviors and abnormalities in local brain areas related to risky decision-making such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula (AI), and thalamus. Although these brain abnormalities are anatomically separated, they may in fact belong to one neural network. However, it is unclear whether circuit-level abnormalities lead to risky decision-making in smokers. In the current study, we used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and examined resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to study how connectivity between the dACC, insula, and thalamus influence risky decision-making in nicotine addicts. We found that an increase in risky decision-making was associated with stronger nicotine dependence and stronger RSFC of the dACC-rAI (right AI), the dACC-thalamus, the dACC-lAI (left AI), and the rAI-lAI, but that risky decision-making was not associated with risk level-related activation. Furthermore, the severity of nicotine dependence positively correlated with RSFC of the dACC-thalamus but was not associated with risk level-related activation. Importantly, the dACC-thalamus coupling fully mediated the effect of nicotine-dependent severity on risky decision-making. These results suggest that circuit-level connectivity may be a critical neural link between risky decision-making and severity of nicotine dependence in smokers.
Collapse
|
68
|
Moeller SJ, London ED, Northoff G. Neuroimaging markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in drug addiction: Relationships to resting-state functional connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 61:35-52. [PMID: 26657968 PMCID: PMC4731270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by widespread abnormalities in brain function and neurochemistry, including drug-associated effects on concentrations of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. In healthy individuals, these neurotransmitters drive the resting state, a default condition of brain function also disrupted in addiction. Here, our primary goal was to review in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography studies that examined markers of glutamate and GABA abnormalities in human drug addiction. Addicted individuals tended to show decreases in these markers compared with healthy controls, but findings also varied by individual characteristics (e.g., abstinence length). Interestingly, select corticolimbic brain regions showing glutamatergic and/or GABAergic abnormalities have been similarly implicated in resting-state functional connectivity deficits in drug addiction. Thus, our secondary goals were to provide a brief review of this resting-state literature, and an initial rationale for the hypothesis that abnormalities in glutamatergic and/or GABAergic neurotransmission may underlie resting-state functional deficits in drug addiction. In doing so, we suggest future research directions and possible treatment implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Moeller
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Edythe D London
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georg Northoff
- Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Resting state functional connectivity analysis for addiction medicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 224:155-73. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
70
|
Copersino ML, Price JS, Frost KH, Vitaliano GD, Frederick BD, Lukas SE, Weiss RD, Janes AC. Default Mode Network Functional Reorganization During Early Abstinence in Polysubstance-Using Emerging Adults Treated for Opioid Dependence. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 28:325-327. [PMID: 26792100 PMCID: PMC4956593 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15090240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study examined default mode network connectivity within the first 30 days of abstinence in emerging adults entering treatment for opioid dependence. There were significant associations between abstinence duration and coupling strength with brain regions within and outside of the network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc L. Copersino
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Corresponding author: Marc L. Copersino, Ph.D, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Mail Stop #103, Belmont, MA 02478, (617) 855-2853;
| | - Jenessa S. Price
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Gordana D. Vitaliano
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Blaise deB. Frederick
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Scott E. Lukas
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Roger D. Weiss
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy C. Janes
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zanchi D, Brody AL, Montandon ML, Kopel R, Emmert K, Preti MG, Van De Ville D, Haller S. Cigarette smoking leads to persistent and dose-dependent alterations of brain activity and connectivity in anterior insula and anterior cingulate. Addict Biol 2015; 20:1033-41. [PMID: 26303184 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although many smokers try to quit smoking, only about 20-25 percent will achieve abstinence despite 6 months or more of gold-standard treatment. This low success rate suggests long-term changes in the brain related to smoking, which remain poorly understood. We compared ex-smokers to both active smokers and non-smokers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore persistent modifications in brain activity and network organization. This prospective and consecutive study includes 18 non-smokers (29.5 ± 6.7 years of age, 11 women), 14 smokers (≥10 cigarettes a day >2 years of smoking, 29.3 ± 6.0 years of age, 10 women) and 14 ex-smokers (>1 year of quitting 30.5 ± 5.7 years of age, 10 women). Participants underwent a block-design fMRI study contrasting smoking cue with control (neutral cue) videos. Data analyses included task-related general linear model, seed-based functional connectivity, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of gray matter and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of white matter. Smoking cue videos versus control videos activated the right anterior insula in ex-smokers compared with smokers, an effect correlating with cumulative nicotine intake (pack-years). Moreover, ex-smokers had a persistent decrease in functional connectivity between right anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared with control participants, but similar to active smokers. Potentially confounding alterations in gray or white matter were excluded in VBM and TBSS analyses. In summary, ex-smokers with long-term nicotine abstinence have persistent and dose-dependent brain network changes notably in the right anterior insula and its connection to the ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zanchi
- Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics; University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Arthur L. Brody
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California at Los Angeles
- Departments of Psychiatry and Research; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Marie-Louise Montandon
- Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics; University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Rotem Kopel
- Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics; University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva; Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Emmert
- Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics; University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Maria Giulia Preti
- Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics; University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva; Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics; University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva; Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva; Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology; University Hospital Freiburg; Germany
- Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge CDRC; Geneva Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Fedota JR, Stein EA. Resting-state functional connectivity and nicotine addiction: prospects for biomarker development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1349:64-82. [PMID: 26348486 PMCID: PMC4563817 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given conceptual frameworks of addiction as a disease of intercommunicating brain networks, examinations of network interactions may provide a holistic characterization of addiction-related dysfunction. One such methodological approach is the examination of resting-state functional connectivity, which quantifies correlations in low-frequency fluctuations of the blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging signal between disparate brain regions in the absence of task performance. Here, evidence of differentiated effects of chronic nicotine exposure, which reduces the efficiency of network communication across the brain, and acute nicotine exposure, which increases connectivity within specific limbic circuits, is discussed. Several large-scale resting networks, including the salience, default, and executive control networks, have also been implicated in nicotine addiction. The dynamics of connectivity changes among and between these large-scale networks during nicotine withdrawal and satiety provide a heuristic framework with which to characterize the neurobiological mechanism of addiction. The ability to simultaneously quantify effects of both chronic (trait) and acute (state) nicotine exposure provides a platform to develop a neuroimaging-based addiction biomarker. While such development remains in its early stages, evidence of coherent modulations in resting-state functional connectivity at various stages of nicotine addiction suggests potential network interactions on which to focus future addiction biomarker development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Fedota
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Beltz AM, Berenbaum SA, Wilson SJ. Sex differences in resting state brain function of cigarette smokers and links to nicotine dependence. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 23:247-54. [PMID: 26237322 PMCID: PMC4526105 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sex--a marker of biological and social individual differences--matters for drug use, particularly for cigarette smoking, which is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. More men than women smoke, but women are less likely than men to quit. Resting state brain function, or intrinsic brain activity that occurs in the absence of a goal-directed task, is important for understanding cigarette smoking, as it has been shown to differentiate between smokers and nonsmokers. But, it is unclear whether and how sex influences the link between resting state brain function and smoking behavior. In this study, the authors demonstrate that sex is indeed associated with resting state connectivity in cigarette smokers, and that sex moderates the link between resting state connectivity and self-reported nicotine dependence. Using functional MRI and behavioral data from 50 adult daily smokers (23 women), the authors found that women had greater connectivity than men within the default mode network, and that increased connectivity within the reward network was related to increased nicotine tolerance in women but to decreased nicotine tolerance in men. Findings highlight the importance of sex-related individual differences reflected in resting state connectivity for understanding the etiology and treatment of substance use problems.
Collapse
|
74
|
de Kloet SF, Mansvelder HD, De Vries TJ. Cholinergic modulation of dopamine pathways through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26208783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine addiction is highly prevalent in current society and is often comorbid with other diseases. In the central nervous system, nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and its effects depend on location and receptor composition. Although nicotinic receptors are found in most brain regions, many studies on addiction have focused on the mesolimbic system and its reported behavioral correlates such as reward processing and reinforcement learning. Profound modulatory cholinergic input from the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmentum to dopaminergic midbrain nuclei as well as local cholinergic interneuron projections to dopamine neuron axons in the striatum may play a major role in the effects of nicotine. Moreover, an indirect mesocorticolimbic feedback loop involving the medial prefrontal cortex may be involved in behavioral characteristics of nicotine addiction. Therefore, this review will highlight current understanding of the effects of nicotine on the function of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine projections in the mesocorticolimbic circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybren F de Kloet
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cogntive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cogntive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cogntive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Wang Z, Suh J, Li Z, Li Y, Franklin T, O'Brien C, Childress AR. A hyper-connected but less efficient small-world network in the substance-dependent brain. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 152:102-8. [PMID: 25957794 PMCID: PMC4458212 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional interconnections of the addicted brain may differ from the non-addicted population in important ways, but prioranalytic approaches were usually limited to the study of connections between a few number of selected brain regions. Recent approaches enable examination of the vast functional interactions within the entire brain, the functional connectome (FCM). The purpose of this study was to characterize FCM alterations in addiction using resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) and to assess their relations to addiction-related symptoms. METHODS rsfMRI data were acquired from 20 chronic polydrug users whose primary diagnosis was cocaine dependence (DRUG) and 19 age-matched non-drug using healthy controls (CTL). FCM was assessed using graph theoretical analysis. RESULTS Among the assessed 90 brain subdivisions, DRUG showed stronger functional connectivity. After controlling functional connectivity difference and the resultant network density, DRUG showed reduced communication efficiency and reduced small-worldness. CONCLUSIONS The increased connection strength in drug users' brain suggests an elevated dynamic resting state that may enable a rapid, semi-automatic, execution of behaviors directed toward drug-related goals.The reduced FCM communication efficiency and reduced small-worldness suggest a loss of normal inter-regional communications and topology features that makes it difficult to inhibit the drug seeking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, China; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Jesse Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA; VISN-4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yin Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, China
| | - Teresa Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
van der Werff SJA, Pannekoek JN, Andela CD, Meijer OC, van Buchem MA, Rombouts SARB, van der Mast RC, Biermasz NR, Pereira AM, van der Wee NJA. Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Long-Term Remission of Cushing's Disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1888-98. [PMID: 25652248 PMCID: PMC4839512 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid disturbance can be a cause of psychiatric symptoms. Cushing's disease represents a unique model for examining the effects of prolonged exposure to high levels of endogenous cortisol on the human brain as well as for examining the relation between these effects and psychiatric symptomatology. This study aimed to investigate resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the limbic network, the default mode network (DMN), and the executive control network in patients with long-term remission of Cushing's disease. RSFC of these three networks of interest was compared between patients in remission of Cushing's disease (n=24; 4 male, mean age=44.96 years) and matched healthy controls (n=24; 4 male, mean age=46.5 years), using probabilistic independent component analysis to extract the networks and a dual regression method to compare both groups. Psychological and cognitive functioning was assessed with validated questionnaires and interviews. In comparison with controls, patients with remission of Cushing's disease showed an increased RSFC between the limbic network and the subgenual subregion of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as an increased RSFC of the DMN in the left lateral occipital cortex. However, these findings were not associated with psychiatric symptoms in the patient group. Our data indicate that previous exposure to hypercortisolism is related to persisting changes in brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J A van der Werff
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 71 526 2281, Fax: +31 71 524 8156, E-mail:
| | - J Nienke Pannekoek
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelie D Andela
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roos C van der Mast
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Li Y, Yuan K, Cai C, Feng D, Yin J, Bi Y, Shi S, Yu D, Jin C, von Deneen KM, Qin W, Tian J. Reduced frontal cortical thickness and increased caudate volume within fronto-striatal circuits in young adult smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 151:211-9. [PMID: 25865908 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking during early adulthood results in neurophysiological and brain structural changes that may promote nicotine dependence later in life. Previous studies have revealed the important roles of fronto-striatal circuits in the pathology of nicotine dependence; however, few studies have focused on both cortical thickness and subcortical striatal volume differences between young adult smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS Twenty-seven young male adult smokers and 22 age-, education- and gender-matched nonsmokers were recruited in the present study. The cortical thickness and striatal volume differences of young adult smokers and age-matched nonsmokers were investigated in the present study and then correlated with pack-years and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). RESULTS The following results were obtained: (1) young adult smokers showed significant cortical thinning in the frontal cortex (left caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)), left insula, left middle temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, and right parahippocampus; (2) in regards to subcortical striatal volume, the volume of the right caudate was larger in young adult smokers than nonsmokers; and (3) the cortical thickness of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and OFC were associated with nicotine dependence severity (FTND) and cumulative amount of nicotine intake (pack-years) in smokers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed reduced frontal cortical thickness and increased caudate volume in the fronto-striatal circuits in young adult smokers compared to nonsmokers. These deficits suggest an imbalance between cognitive control (reduced protection factors) and reward drive behaviours (increased risk factors) associated with nicotine addiction and relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangding Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Chenxi Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dan Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Junsen Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yanzhi Bi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Sha Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, PR China
| | - Chenwang Jin
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Karen M von Deneen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, PR China; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Insula-Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Coupling is Associated with Enhanced Brain Reactivity to Smoking Cues. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1561-8. [PMID: 25567427 PMCID: PMC4915269 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The insula plays a critical role in maintaining nicotine dependence and reactivity to smoking cues. More broadly, the insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) are key nodes of the salience network (SN), which integrates internal and extrapersonal information to guide behavior. Thus, insula-dACC interactions may be integral in processing salient information such as smoking cues that facilitate continued nicotine use. We evaluated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from nicotine-dependent participants during rest, and again when they viewed smoking-related images. Greater insula-dACC coupling at rest was significantly correlated with enhanced smoking cue-reactivity in brain areas associated with attention and motor preparation, including the visual cortex, right ventral lateral prefrontal cortex, and the dorsal striatum. In an independent cohort, we found that insula-dACC connectivity was stable over 1-h delay and was not influenced by changes in subjective craving or expired carbon monoxide, suggesting that connectivity strength between these regions may be a trait associated with heightened cue-reactivity. Finally, we also showed that insula reactivity to smoking cues correlates with a rise in cue-reactivity throughout the entire SN, indicating that the insula's role in smoking cue-reactivity is not functionally independent, and may actually represent the engagement of the entire SN. Collectively, these data provide a more network-level understanding of the insula's role in nicotine dependence and shows a relationship between inherent brain organization and smoking cue-reactivity.
Collapse
|
79
|
Dong D, Jackson T, Wang Y, Chen H. Spontaneous regional brain activity links restrained eating to later weight gain among young women. Biol Psychol 2015; 109:176-83. [PMID: 26004091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Theory and prospective studies have linked restrained eating (RE) to risk for future weight gain and the onset of obesity, but little is known about resting state neural activity that may underlie this association. To address this gap, resting fMRI was used to test the extent to which spontaneous neural activity in regions associated with inhibitory control and food reward account for potential relations between baseline RE levels and changes in body weight among dieters over a one-year interval. Spontaneous regional activity patterns corresponding to RE were assessed among 50 young women using regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis, which measured temporal synchronization of spontaneous fluctuations within a food deprivation condition. Analyses indicated higher baseline RE scores predicted more weight gain at a one-year follow-up. Furthermore, food-deprived dieting women with high dietary restraint scores exhibited more spontaneous local activity in brain regions associated with the expectation and valuation for food reward [i.e., orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)] and reduced spontaneous local activity in inhibitory control regions [i.e., bilateral dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)] at baseline. Notably, the association between baseline RE and follow-up weight gain was mediated by decreased local synchronization of the right DLPFC in particular and, to a lesser degree, increased local synchronization of the right VMPFC. In conjunction with previous research, these findings highlight possible neural mechanisms underlying the relation between RE and risk for weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Beliveau V, Svarer C, Frokjaer VG, Knudsen GM, Greve DN, Fisher PM. Functional connectivity of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei at rest. Neuroimage 2015; 116:187-95. [PMID: 25963733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter critically involved in a broad range of brain functions and implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric illnesses including major depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Despite being widely distributed throughout the brain, there is limited knowledge on the contribution of 5-HT to intrinsic brain activity. The dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe (MR) nuclei are the source of most serotonergic neurons projecting throughout the brain and thus provide a compelling target for a seed-based probe of resting-state activity related to 5-HT. Here we implemented a novel multimodal neuroimaging approach for investigating resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between DR and MR and cortical, subcortical and cerebellar target areas. Using [(11)C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET) images of the brain serotonin transporter (5-HTT) combined with structural MRI from 49 healthy volunteers, we delineated DR and MR and performed a seed-based resting-state FC analysis. The DR and MR seeds produced largely similar FC maps: significant positive FC with brain regions involved in cognitive and emotion processing including anterior cingulate, amygdala, insula, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Significant negative FC was observed within pre- and postcentral gyri for the DR but not for the MR seed. We observed a significant association between DR and MR FC and regional 5-HTT binding. Our results provide evidence for a resting-state network related to DR and MR and comprising regions receiving serotonergic innervation and centrally involved in 5-HT related behaviors including emotion, cognition and reward processing. These findings provide a novel advance in estimating resting-state FC related to 5-HT signaling, which can benefit our understanding of its role in behavior and neuropsychiatric illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Viswanath H, Velasquez KM, Thompson-Lake DGY, Savjani R, Carter AQ, Eagleman D, Baldwin PR, De La Garza R, Salas R. Alterations in interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity are associated with tobacco smoking in humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:116. [PMID: 25805986 PMCID: PMC4353249 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity correlates with several neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and stroke. Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity also correlates with abuse of cannabis and cocaine. In the current report, we evaluated whether tobacco abuse (i.e., cigarette smoking) is associated with altered interhemispheric connectivity. To that end, we examined resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in short term tobacco deprived and smoking as usual tobacco smokers, and in non-smoker controls. Additionally, we compared diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the same subjects to study differences in white matter. The data reveal a significant increase in interhemispheric functional connectivity in sated tobacco smokers when compared to controls. This difference was larger in frontal regions, and was positively correlated with the average number of cigarettes smoked per day. In addition, we found a negative correlation between the number of DTI streamlines in the genual corpus callosum and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Taken together, our results implicate changes in interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity in current cigarette smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humsini Viswanath
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenia M Velasquez
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ricky Savjani
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asasia Q Carter
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Eagleman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip R Baldwin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Weiland BJ, Sabbineni A, Calhoun VD, Welsh RC, Hutchison KE. Reduced executive and default network functional connectivity in cigarette smokers. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:872-82. [PMID: 25346448 PMCID: PMC4978515 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered functional connectivity has been associated with acute and chronic nicotine use. Connectivity alterations, specifically in the right and left executive control networks (RECN/LECN) and the default mode network (DMN), may contribute to the addiction cycle. The objective of this study was to determine if executive control network (ECN) and DMN connectivity is different between non-smokers and smokers and whether reductions in connectivity are related to chronic cigarette use. The RECN, LECN, and DMN were identified in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in 650 subjects. Analyses tested for group differences in network connectivity strength, controlling for age and alcohol use. There was a significant group effect on LECN and DMN connectivity strength with smokers (n = 452) having lower network strengths than non-smokers (n = 198). Smokers had lower connectivity than non-smokers associated with key network hubs: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and parietal nodes within ECNs. Further, ECN connectivity strength was negatively associated with pack years of cigarette use. Our data suggest that chronic nicotine use negatively impacts functional connectivity within control networks that may contribute to the difficulty smokers have in quitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Weiland
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO
| | - Amithrupa Sabbineni
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNM
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM
| | - Robert C. Welsh
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Kent E. Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNM
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Increased functional connectivity in the resting-state basal ganglia network after acute heroin substitution. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e533. [PMID: 25803496 PMCID: PMC4354356 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement signals in the striatum are known to be crucial for mediating the subjective rewarding effects of acute drug intake. It is proposed that these effects may be more involved in early phases of drug addiction, whereas negative reinforcement effects may occur more in later stages of the illness. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore whether acute heroin substitution also induced positive reinforcement effects in striatal brain regions of protracted heroin-maintained patients. Using independent component analysis and a dual regression approach, we compared resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) strengths within the basal ganglia/limbic network across a group of heroin-dependent patients receiving both an acute infusion of heroin and placebo and 20 healthy subjects who received placebo only. Subsequent correlation analyses were performed to test whether the rsFC strength under heroin exposure correlated with the subjective rewarding effect and with plasma concentrations of heroin and its main metabolites morphine. Relative to the placebo treatment in patients, heroin significantly increased rsFC of the left putamen within the basal ganglia/limbic network, the extent of which correlated positively with patients' feelings of rush and with the plasma level of morphine. Furthermore, healthy controls revealed increased rsFC of the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus in this network relative to the placebo treatment in patients. Our results indicate that acute heroin substitution induces a subjective rewarding effect via increased striatal connectivity in heroin-dependent patients, suggesting that positive reinforcement effects in the striatum still occur after protracted maintenance therapy.
Collapse
|
84
|
Moran-Santa Maria MM, Hartwell KJ, Hanlon CA, Canterberry M, Lematty T, Owens M, Brady KT, George MS. Right anterior insula connectivity is important for cue-induced craving in nicotine-dependent smokers. Addict Biol 2015; 20:407-14. [PMID: 24529072 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The insula has been implicated in cue-induced craving and relapse in nicotine-dependent tobacco cigarette smokers. The aims of the present study were to identify brain regions that exhibit greater functional connectivity with the right anterior insula in response to smoking cues than to neutral cues and the role of functional connectivity between these regions in mediating cue-induced craving in healthy (free of axis I psychiatric disorders) nicotine-dependent tobacco cigarette smokers. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 63 healthy nicotine-dependent smokers viewing blocks of smoking and neutral cues. Craving ratings were obtained after each block. A psychophysiologic interaction approach was used to identify regions that exhibited significantly greater functional connectivity with the right anterior insula (seed) during the smoking cues than during the neutral (corrected cluster thresholding, Z > 2.3, P = 0.05). Parameter estimates of the interaction effects from each region were regressed against the mean cue-induced craving scores. Significant task by seed interactions were observed in two clusters centered in the bilateral precuneus and left angular gyrus. The strength of connectivity between the right anterior insula and the precuneus, which is involved interoceptive processing and self-awareness, was positively correlated with the magnitude of the craving response to the smoking cues (r(2) = 0.15; P < 0.01). These data suggest that among smokers, cue-induced craving may be a function of connectivity between two regions involved in interoception and self-awareness. Moreover, treatment strategies that incorporate mindful attention may be effective in attenuating cue-induced craving and relapse in nicotine-dependent smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Moran-Santa Maria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neuroscience Division; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Karen J. Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neuroscience Division; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center; Charleston SC USA
| | - Colleen A. Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neuroscience Division; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Melanie Canterberry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neuroscience Division; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Todd Lematty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neuroscience Division; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Max Owens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neuroscience Division; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Kathleen T. Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neuroscience Division; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center; Charleston SC USA
| | - Mark S. George
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neuroscience Division; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Putcha D, Ross RS, Cronin-Golomb A, Janes AC, Stern CE. Altered intrinsic functional coupling between core neurocognitive networks in Parkinson's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:449-55. [PMID: 25685711 PMCID: PMC4320252 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely attributed to disruptions in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. These neurodegenerative changes may also have a more global effect on intrinsic brain organization at the cortical level. Functional brain connectivity between neurocognitive systems related to cognitive processing is critical for effective neural communication, and is disrupted across neurological disorders. Three core neurocognitive networks have been established as playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders: the default-mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN). In healthy adults, DMN–CEN interactions are anti-correlated while SN–CEN interactions are strongly positively correlated even at rest, when individuals are not engaging in any task. These intrinsic between-network interactions at rest are necessary for efficient suppression of the DMN and activation of the CEN during a range of cognitive tasks. To identify whether these network interactions are disrupted in individuals with PD, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to compare between-network connectivity between 24 PD participants and 20 age-matched controls (MC). In comparison to the MC, individuals with PD showed significantly less SN–CEN coupling and greater DMN–CEN coupling during rest. Disease severity, an index of striatal dysfunction, was related to reduced functional coupling between the striatum and SN. These results demonstrate that individuals with PD have a dysfunctional pattern of interaction between core neurocognitive networks compared to what is found in healthy individuals, and that interaction between the SN and the striatum is even more profoundly disrupted in those with greater disease severity. Functional coupling is altered between the default-mode network and the salience and central executive networks in PD. Functional coupling between the striatum and the salience network diminishes as disease severity increases in PD. These disruptions to intrinsic functional coupling provide a framework for PD disease progression at the cortical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Putcha
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy C Janes
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have made a significant contribution to the efforts to identify measurable indices, or biomarkers, of addictions and their treatments. Biomarkers in addiction treatment are needed to provide targets for treatment, detect treatment subgroups, predict treatment response, and broadly improve outcomes. Neuroimaging is important to biomarkers research as it relates neural circuits to both molecular mechanisms and behavior. A focus of recent efforts in neuroimaging in addiction has been to elucidate the neural correlates associated with dimensions of functioning in substance-use and related disorders, such as cue-reactivity, impulsivity, and cognitive control, among others. These dimensions of functioning have been related to addiction treatment outcomes and relapse, and therefore, a better understanding of these dimensions and their neural correlates may help to identify brain-behavior biomarkers of treatment response. This paper reviews recent neuroimaging studies that report potential biomarkers in addiction treatment related to cue-reactivity, impulsivity, and cognitive control, as well as recent advances in neuroimaging that may facilitate efforts to determine reliable biomarkers. This important initial work has begun to identify possible mediators and moderators of treatment response, and multiple promising indices are being tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Garrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 730, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 730, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Petre B, Torbey S, Griffith JW, De Oliveira G, Herrmann K, Mansour A, Baria AT, Baliki MN, Schnitzer TJ, Apkarian AV. Smoking increases risk of pain chronification through shared corticostriatal circuitry. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:683-94. [PMID: 25307796 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is associated with increased incidence of chronic pain. However, the evidence is cross-sectional in nature, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a longitudinal observational study, we examined the relationship between smoking, transition to chronic pain, and brain physiology. In 160 subjects with subacute back pain (SBP: back pain lasting 4-12 weeks, and no prior back pain [BP] for at least 1 year) pain characteristics, smoking status, and brain functional properties were measured repeatedly over 1 year. Sixty-eight completed the study, subdivided into recovering (SBPr, n = 31) and persisting (SBPp, n = 37), based on >20% decrease in BP over the year. Thirty-two chronic back pain (CBP: duration > 5 years) and 35 healthy controls were similarly monitored. Smoking prevalence was higher in SBP and CBP but not related to intensity of BP. In SBP, smoking status at baseline was predictive of persistence of BP 1 year from symptom onset (differentiating SBPp and SBPr with 0.62 accuracy). Smoking status combined with affective properties of pain and medication use improved prediction accuracy (0.82). Mediation analysis indicated the prediction of BP persistence by smoking was largely due to synchrony of fMRI activity between two brain areas (nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex, NAc-mPFC). In SBP or CBP who ceased smoking strength of NAc-mPFC decreased from precessation to postcessation of smoking. We conclude that smoking increases risk of transitioning to CBP, an effect mediated by corticostriatal circuitry involved in addictive behavior and motivated learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Petre
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Castellazzi G, Palesi F, Casali S, Vitali P, Sinforiani E, Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, D'Angelo E. A comprehensive assessment of resting state networks: bidirectional modification of functional integrity in cerebro-cerebellar networks in dementia. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:223. [PMID: 25126054 PMCID: PMC4115623 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI), only functional connectivity (FC) reductions in the default mode network (DMN) are normally reported as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this investigation we have developed a comprehensive strategy to characterize the FC changes occurring in multiple networks and applied it in a pilot study of subjects with AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), compared to healthy controls (HC). Resting state networks (RSNs) were studied in 14 AD (70 ± 6 years), 12 MCI (74 ± 6 years), and 16 HC (69 ± 5 years). RSN alterations were present in almost all the 15 recognized RSNs; overall, 474 voxels presented a reduced FC in MCI and 1244 in AD while 1627 voxels showed an increased FC in MCI and 1711 in AD. The RSNs were then ranked according to the magnitude and extension of FC changes (gFC), putting in evidence 6 RSNs with prominent changes: DMN, frontal cortical network (FCN), lateral visual network (LVN), basal ganglia network (BGN), cerebellar network (CBLN), and the anterior insula network (AIN). Nodes, or hubs, showing alterations common to more than one RSN were mostly localized within the prefrontal cortex and the mesial-temporal cortex. The cerebellum showed a unique behavior where voxels of decreased gFC were only found in AD while a significant gFC increase was only found in MCI. The gFC alterations showed strong correlations (p < 0.001) with psychological scores, in particular Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and attention/memory tasks. In conclusion, this analysis revealed that the DMN was affected by remarkable FC increases, that FC alterations extended over several RSNs, that derangement of functional relationships between multiple areas occurred already in the early stages of dementia. These results warrant future work to verify whether these represent compensatory mechanisms that exploit a pre-existing neural reserve through plasticity, which evolve in a state of lack of connectivity between different networks with the worsening of the pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Castellazzi
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
- Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Fulvia Palesi
- Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Casali
- Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitali
- Brain MRI 3T Mondino Research Center, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | - Elena Sinforiani
- Neurology Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
| | | | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological InstitutePavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
DeWitt SJ, Aslan S, Filbey FM. Adolescent risk-taking and resting state functional connectivity. Psychiatry Res 2014; 222:157-64. [PMID: 24796655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The existing literature on the role of emotion regulation circuits (amygdala-prefrontal cortex) in the adolescent brain yields mixed results, particularly on the role of these regions in the context of reward sensitivity and risk-taking behavior sensitivity and risk-taking behavior. Here, we examined functional connectivity in the resting state in 18 risk-taking (RT) adolescents compared with 18 non-risk-taking (NRT) adolescents as defined by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Separate seed-based correlations with bilateral amygdala and bilateral nucleus accumbens used as the seed were performed to determine functional connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results showed greater connectivity between the amygdala (seed region) and the right middle frontal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, left precuneus and right inferior parietal lobule in RT adolescents than in NRT adolescents. Likewise, there was greater connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (seed region) and the right middle frontal gyrus in RT adolescents compared with NRT adolescents. These findings suggest that risk-taking behavior in adolescents is associated with hyperconnectivity during the resting state in networks associated with emotion regulation, reward sensitivity, executive control, and the default mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J DeWitt
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sina Aslan
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Advance MRI, LLC, Frisco, TX, USA
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Sex differences in resting state neural networks of nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers. Addict Behav 2014; 39:789-92. [PMID: 24525300 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although several sex differences in nicotine dependence have been identified, the neural mechanisms underlying these sex differences are not clear. The present study examines sex differences in resting-state brain activity using an arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging technique. Fifty-one (31 males) sated nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers underwent perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging during the resting state. Using functionally defined hippocampus/amygdala (HIP/AMY) seed regions, we observed sex differences in correlation strength between the HIP/AMY and the bilateral anterior insula, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobule with females showing stronger functional coupling than males. This pattern of synchronous variations in dynamic cerebral blood flow is consistent with recent models of nicotine dependence, and as such, our findings provide a novel perspective on the neural mechanisms that may contribute to sex differences in nicotine dependence.
Collapse
|
91
|
Janes AC, Farmer S, Frederick BD, Nickerson LD, Lukas SE. An increase in tobacco craving is associated with enhanced medial prefrontal cortex network coupling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88228. [PMID: 24505440 PMCID: PMC3914963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Craving is a key aspect of drug dependence that is thought to motivate continued drug use. Numerous brain regions have been associated with craving, suggesting that craving is mediated by a distributed brain network. Whether an increase in subjective craving is associated with enhanced interactions among brain regions was evaluated using resting state functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) in nicotine dependent participants. We focused on craving-related changes in the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) network, which also included the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) extending into the ventral striatum. Brain regions in the OMPFC network are not only implicated in addiction and reward, but, due to their rich anatomic interconnections, may serve as the site of integration across craving-related brain regions. Subjective craving and resting state fMRI were evaluated twice with an ∼1 hour delay between the scans. Cigarette craving was significantly increased at the end, relative to the beginning of the scan session. Enhanced craving was associated with heightened coupling between the OMPFC network and other cortical, limbic, striatal, and visceromotor brain regions that are both anatomically interconnected with the OMPFC, and have been implicated in addiction and craving. This is the first demonstration confirming that an increase in craving is associated with enhanced brain region interactions, which may play a role in the experience of craving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Janes
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stacey Farmer
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Blaise deB. Frederick
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa D. Nickerson
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Lukas
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Volkow ND, Baler RD. Addiction science: Uncovering neurobiological complexity. Neuropharmacology 2014; 76 Pt B:235-49. [PMID: 23688927 PMCID: PMC3818510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Until very recently addiction-research was limited by existing tools and strategies that were inadequate for studying the inherent complexity at each of the different phenomenological levels. However, powerful new tools (e.g., optogenetics and designer drug receptors) and high throughput protocols are starting to give researchers the potential to systematically interrogate "all" genes, epigenetic marks, and neuronal circuits. These advances, combined with imaging technologies (both for preclinical and clinical studies) and a paradigm shift toward open access have spurred an unlimited growth of datasets transforming the way we investigate the neurobiology of substance use disorders (SUD) and the factors that modulate risk and resilience. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Martínez-Ortega JM, Goldstein BI, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Sala R, Wang S, Blanco C. Temporal sequencing of nicotine dependence and bipolar disorder in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:858-64. [PMID: 23582710 PMCID: PMC3674324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) and nicotine dependence (ND) often co-occur. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We aimed to examine, for the first time in a national and representative sample, the magnitude and direction of the temporal relationship between BD and ND; and to compare, among individuals with lifetime ND and BD, the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals whose onset of ND preceded the onset of BD (ND-prior) with those whose onset of ND followed the onset of BD (BD-prior). The sample included individuals with lifetime BD type I or ND (n = 7958) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, n = 43093). Survival analyses and logistic regression models were computed to study the temporal association between ND and BD, and to compare ND-prior (n = 135) and BD-prior (n = 386) individuals. We found that ND predicted the onset of BD and BD also predicted the onset of ND. Furthermore, the risk of developing one disorder following the other one was greatest early in the course of illness. Most individuals with lifetime ND and BD were BD-prior (72.6%). BD-prior individuals had an earlier onset of BD and a higher number of manic episodes. By contrast, ND-prior individuals had an earlier onset of both daily smoking and ND, and an increased prevalence of alcohol use disorder. In conclusion, ND and BD predict the development of each other. The phenomenology and course of ND and BD varied significantly depending on which disorder had earlier onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Martínez-Ortega
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Sui J, He H, Yu Q, Chen J, Rogers J, Pearlson GD, Mayer A, Bustillo J, Canive J, Calhoun VD. Combination of Resting State fMRI, DTI, and sMRI Data to Discriminate Schizophrenia by N-way MCCA + jICA. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:235. [PMID: 23755002 PMCID: PMC3666029 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal brain imaging data have shown increasing utility in answering both scientifically interesting and clinically relevant questions. Each brain imaging technique provides a different view of brain function or structure, while multimodal fusion capitalizes on the strength of each and may uncover hidden relationships that can merge findings from separate neuroimaging studies. However, most current approaches have focused on pair-wise fusion and there is still relatively little work on N-way data fusion and examination of the relationships among multiple data types. We recently developed an approach called “mCCA + jICA” as a novel multi-way fusion method which is able to investigate the disease risk factors that are either shared or distinct across multiple modalities as well as the full correspondence across modalities. In this paper, we applied this model to combine resting state fMRI (amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, ALFF), gray matter (GM) density, and DTI (fractional anisotropy, FA) data, in order to elucidate the abnormalities underlying schizophrenia patients (SZs, n = 35) relative to healthy controls (HCs, n = 28). Both modality-common and modality-unique abnormal regions were identified in SZs, which were then used for successful classification for seven modality-combinations, showing the potential for a broad applicability of the mCCA + jICA model and its results. In addition, a pair of GM-DTI components showed significant correlation with the positive symptom subscale of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), suggesting that GM density changes in default model network along with white-matter disruption in anterior thalamic radiation are associated with increased positive PANSS. Findings suggest the DTI anisotropy changes in frontal lobe may relate to the corresponding functional/structural changes in prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus that are thought to play a role in the clinical expression of SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sui
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM , USA ; LIAMA Center for Computational Medicine, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Davis C. From passive overeating to "food addiction": a spectrum of compulsion and severity. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:435027. [PMID: 24555143 PMCID: PMC3901973 DOI: 10.1155/2013/435027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A psychobiological dimension of eating behaviour is proposed, which is anchored at the low end by energy intake that is relatively well matched to energy output and is reflected by a stable body mass index (BMI) in the healthy range. Further along the continuum are increasing degrees of overeating (and BMI) characterized by more severe and more compulsive ingestive behaviours. In light of the many similarities between chronic binge eating and drug abuse, several authorities have adopted the perspective that an apparent dependence on highly palatable food-accompanied by emotional and social distress-can be best conceptualized as an addiction disorder. Therefore, this review also considers the overlapping symptoms and characteristics of binge eating disorder (BED) and models of food addiction, both in preclinical animal studies and in human research. It also presents this work in the context of the modern and "toxic" food environment and therein the ubiquitous triggers for over-consumption. We complete the review by providing evidence that what we have come to call "food addiction" may simply be a more acute and pathologically dense form of BED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Davis
- Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, York University, 343 Bethune College, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Ding WN, Sun JH, Sun YW, Zhou Y, Li L, Xu JR, Du YS. Altered default network resting-state functional connectivity in adolescents with Internet gaming addiction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59902. [PMID: 23555827 PMCID: PMC3608539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Excessive use of the Internet has been linked to a variety of negative psychosocial consequences. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether functional connectivity is altered in adolescents with Internet gaming addiction (IGA). METHODS Seventeen adolescents with IGA and 24 normal control adolescents underwent a 7.3 minute resting-state fMRI scan. Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) connectivity was determined in all subjects by investigating synchronized low-frequency fMRI signal fluctuations using a temporal correlation method. To assess the relationship between IGA symptom severity and PCC connectivity, contrast images representing areas correlated with PCC connectivity were correlated with the scores of the 17 subjects with IGA on the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) and their hours of Internet use per week. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the distributions of the age, gender, and years of education between the two groups. The subjects with IGA showed longer Internet use per week (hours) (p<0.0001) and higher CIAS (p<0.0001) and BIS-11 (p = 0.01) scores than the controls. Compared with the control group, subjects with IGA exhibited increased functional connectivity in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe and middle temporal gyrus. The bilateral inferior parietal lobule and right inferior temporal gyrus exhibited decreased connectivity. Connectivity with the PCC was positively correlated with CIAS scores in the right precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, caudate, nucleus accumbens, supplementary motor area, and lingual gyrus. It was negatively correlated with the right cerebellum anterior lobe and left superior parietal lobule. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that adolescents with IGA exhibit different resting-state patterns of brain activity. As these alterations are partially consistent with those in patients with substance addiction, they support the hypothesis that IGA as a behavioral addiction that may share similar neurobiological abnormalities with other addictive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-na Ding
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin-hua Sun
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ya-wen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (Y-sD)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian-rong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ya-song Du
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (Y-sD)
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Ding X, Lee SW. Changes of functional and effective connectivity in smoking replenishment on deprived heavy smokers: a resting-state FMRI study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59331. [PMID: 23527165 PMCID: PMC3602016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous researches have explored the changes of functional connectivity caused by smoking with the aid of fMRI. This study considers not only functional connectivity but also effective connectivity regarding both brain networks and brain regions by using a novel analysis framework that combines independent component analysis (ICA) and Granger causality analysis (GCA). We conducted a resting-state fMRI experiment in which twenty-one heavy smokers were scanned in two sessions of different conditions: smoking abstinence followed by smoking satiety. In our framework, group ICA was firstly adopted to obtain the spatial patterns of the default-mode network (DMN), executive-control network (ECN), and salience network (SN). Their associated time courses were analyzed using GCA, showing that the effective connectivity from SN to DMN was reduced and that from ECN/DMN to SN was enhanced after smoking replenishment. A paired t-test on ICA spatial patterns revealed functional connectivity variation in regions such as the insula, parahippocampus, precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, and ventromedial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These regions were later selected as the regions of interest (ROIs), and their effective connectivity was investigated subsequently using GCA. In smoking abstinence, the insula showed the increased effective connectivity with the other ROIs; while in smoking satiety, the parahippocampus had the enhanced inter-area effective connectivity. These results demonstrate our hypothesis that for deprived heavy smokers, smoking replenishment takes effect on both functional and effective connectivity. Moreover, our analysis framework could be applied in a range of neuroscience studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Whan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SWL)
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Martin-Soelch C. Neuroadaptive changes associated with smoking: structural and functional neural changes in nicotine dependence. Brain Sci 2013; 3:159-76. [PMID: 24961312 PMCID: PMC4061825 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci3010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the most frequent form of substance abuse. We provide a review of the neuroadaptive changes evidenced in human smokers with regard to the current neurobiological models of addiction. Addiction is thought to result from an interplay between positive and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcing effects of the drugs are mediated by striatal dopamine release, while negative reinforcement involves the relief of withdrawal symptoms and neurobiological stress systems. In addition, drug-related stimuli are attributed with excessive motivational value and are thought to exert a control on the behavior. This mechanism plays a central role in drug maintenance and relapse. Further neuroadaptive changes associated with chronic use of the drug consist of reduced responses to natural rewards and in the activation of an antireward system, related to neurobiological stress systems. Reduced inhibitory cognitive control is believed to support the development and the maintenance of addiction. The findings observed in human nicotine dependence are generally in line with these models. The current state of the research indicates specific neuroadaptive changes associated with nicotine addiction that need to be further elucidated with regard to their role in the treatment of nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Martin-Soelch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
|