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Choudhuri S, Rios L, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Garg NJ. Oxidative stress implications for therapeutic vaccine development against Chagas disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1395-1406. [PMID: 34406892 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1969230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD) caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) involves chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress. In this review, we discuss the research efforts in therapeutic vaccine development to date and the potential challenges imposed by oxidative stress in achieving an efficient therapeutic vaccine against CD. AREAS COVERED This review covers the immune and nonimmune mechanisms of reactive oxygen species production and immune response patterns during T. cruzi infection in CD. A discussion on immunotherapy development efforts, the efficacy of antigen-based immune therapies against T. cruzi, and the role of antioxidants as adjuvants is discussed to provide promising insights to developing future treatment strategies against CD. EXPERT OPINION Administration of therapeutic vaccines can be a good option to confront persistent parasitemia in CD by achieving a rapid, short-lived stimulation of type 1 cell-mediated immunity. At the same time, adjunct therapies could play a critical role in the preservation of mitochondrial metabolism and cardiac muscle contractility in CD. We propose combined therapy with antigen-based vaccine and small molecules to control the pathological oxidative insult would be effective in the conservation of cardiac structure and function in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lizette Rios
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados En Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tx, USA
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Álvarez-Hernández DA, García-Rodríguez-Arana R, Ortiz-Hernández A, Álvarez-Sánchez M, Wu M, Mejia R, Martínez-Juárez LA, Montoya A, Gallardo-Rincon H, Vázquez-López R, Fernández-Presas AM. A systematic review of historical and current trends in Chagas disease. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211033715. [PMID: 34408874 PMCID: PMC8365018 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211033715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. When acquired, the disease develops in stages. For diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required, and an extensive assessment of the patient's health should be performed. Treatment consists of the administration of trypanocidal drugs, which may cause severe adverse effects. The objective of our systematic review was to analyze data contained in the CD published case reports to understand the challenges that patients and clinicians face worldwide. Materials and methods We performed a systematic review following the PRISMA guidance. PubMed database was explored using the terms 'American trypanosomiasis' or 'Chagas disease'. Results were limited to human case reports written in English or Spanish. A total of 258 reports (322 patients) were included in the analysis. Metadata was obtained from each article. Following this, it was analyzed to obtain descriptive measures. Results From the sample, 56.2% were males and 43.8% were females. Most cases were from endemic countries (85.4%). The most common clinical manifestations were fever during the acute stage (70.0%), dyspnea during the chronic stage in its cardiac form (53.7%), and constipation during the chronic stage in its digestive form (73.7%). Most patients were diagnosed in the chronic stage (72.0%). Treatment was administered in 56.2% of cases. The mortality rate for the acute stage cases was 24.4%, while for the chronic stage this was 28.4%. Discussion CD is a parasitic disease endemic to Latin America, with increasing importance due to human and vector migration. In this review, we report reasons for delays in diagnosis and treatment, and trends in medical practices. Community awareness must be increased to improve CD's diagnoses; health professionals should be appropriately trained to detect and treat infected individuals. Furthermore, public health policies are needed to increase the availability of screening and diagnostic tools, trypanocidal drugs, and, eventually, vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandro Ortiz-Hernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Centro, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Mariana Álvarez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University Mexico - North Campus, Huixquilucan, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology & Infectious Diseases PLLC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rojelio Mejia
- Laboratory of Human Parasitology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alejandra Montoya
- Department of Digital Health, Carlos Slim Foundation, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Gallardo-Rincon
- Direction of Operational Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalino Vázquez-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University Mexico - North Campus, Huixquilucan, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Ana-María Fernández-Presas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University Mexico - North Campus, Huixquilucan, Mexico State, Mexico
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54
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Farani PSG, Begum K, Vilar-Pereira G, Pereira IR, Almeida IC, Roy S, Lannes-Vieira J, Moreira OC. Treatment With Suboptimal Dose of Benznidazole Mitigates Immune Response Molecular Pathways in Mice With Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:692655. [PMID: 34381739 PMCID: PMC8351877 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.692655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most frequent and severe form of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and the main cause of morbimortality from cardiovascular problems in endemic areas. Although efforts have been made to understand the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying CCC, the immunological signaling pathways regulated by the etiological treatment with benznidazole (Bz) has not been reported. In experimental CCC, Bz combined with the hemorheological and immunoregulatory agent pentoxifylline (PTX) has beneficial effects on CCC. To explore the molecular mechanisms of Bz or Bz+PTX therapeutic strategies, C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with the T. cruzi Colombian strain (discrete typing unit TcI) and showing electrocardiographic abnormalities were submitted to suboptimal dose of Bz or Bz+PTX from 120 to 150 days postinfection. Electrocardiographic alterations, such as prolonged corrected QT interval and heart parasite load, were beneficially impacted by Bz and Bz+PTX. RT-qPCR TaqMan array was used to evaluate the expression of 92 genes related to the immune response in RNA extracted from heart tissues. In comparison with non-infected mice, 30 genes were upregulated, and 31 were downregulated in infected mice. Particularly, infection upregulated the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12b, and IL-2 (126-, 44-, and 18-fold change, respectively) and the T-cell chemoattractants CCL3 and CCL5 (23- and 16-fold change, respectively). Bz therapy restored the expression of genes related to inflammatory response, cellular development, growth, and proliferation, and tissue development pathways, most probably linked to the cardiac remodeling processes inherent to CCC, thus mitigating the Th1-driven response found in vehicle-treated infected mice. The combined Bz+PTX therapy revealed pathways related to the modulation of cell death and survival, and organismal survival, supporting that this strategy may mitigate the progression of CCC. Altogether, our results contribute to the better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the immune response in the heart tissue in chronic Chagas disease and reinforce that parasite persistence and dysregulated immune response underpin CCC severity. Therefore, Bz and Bz+PTX chemotherapies emerge as tools to interfere in these pathways aiming to improve CCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Silva Grijó Farani
- Real Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Khodeza Begum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor C Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacilio Cruz Moreira
- Real Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cordeiro TAR, de Resende MAC, Moraes SCDS, Franco DL, Pereira AC, Ferreira LF. Electrochemical biosensors for neglected tropical diseases: A review. Talanta 2021; 234:122617. [PMID: 34364426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A group of infectious and parasitic diseases with prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet, especially in places with difficult access, internal conflicts, poverty, and low visibility from the government and health agencies are classified as neglected tropical diseases. While some well-intentioned isolated groups are making the difference on a global scale, the number of new cases and deaths is still alarming. The development and employment of low-cost, miniaturized, and easy-to-use devices as biosensors could be the key to fast diagnosis in such areas leading to a better treatment to further eradication of such diseases. Therefore, this review contains useful information regarding the development of such devices in the past ten years (2010-2020). Guided by the updated list from the World Health Organization, the work evaluated the new trends in the biosensor field applied to the early detection of neglected tropical diseases, the efficiencies of the devices compared to the traditional techniques, and the applicability on-site for local distribution. So, we focus on Malaria, Chagas, Leishmaniasis, Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Schistosomiasis, Leprosy, Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Lymphatic filariasis, and Rabies. Few papers were found concerning such diseases and there is no available commercial device in the market. The works contain information regarding the development of point-of-care devices, but there are only at proof of concepts stage so far. Details of electrode modification and construction of electrochemical biosensors were summarized in Tables. The demand for the eradication of neglected tropical diseases is increasing. The use of biosensors is pivotal for the cause, but appliable devices are scarce. The information present in this review can be useful for further development of biosensors in the hope of helping the world combat these deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Aparecida Reis Cordeiro
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Cristina Dos Santos Moraes
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology - Laboratory of Electroanalytic Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering - Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Brazil
| | - Diego Leoni Franco
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology - Laboratory of Electroanalytic Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering - Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Brazil.
| | - Arnaldo César Pereira
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Franco Ferreira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil.
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Costa J, Dale C, Galvão C, Almeida CE, Dujardin JP. Do the new triatomine species pose new challenges or strategies for monitoring Chagas disease? An overview from 1979-2021. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e210015. [PMID: 34076075 PMCID: PMC8186471 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease persists as one of the most important, and yet most neglected, diseases in the world, and several changes in its epidemiological aspects have been recorded since its discovery. Currently, some of the most relevant changes are related to: (i) the reduction in the incidence of the endemic due to the control of the most important vectors, Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus, in many countries; (ii) the migration of human populations spreading cases of the disease throughout the world, from endemic to non-endemic areas, transforming Chagas disease into a global threat; and (iii) new acute cases and deaths caused by oral transmission, especially in the north of Brazil. Despite the reduction in the number of cases, new challenges need to be responded to, including monitoring and control activities aiming to prevent house infestation by the secondary vectors from occurring. In 1979, Lent & Wygodzinsky(1) published the most complete review of the subfamily Triatominae, encompassing 111 recognised species in the taxon. Forty-two years later, 46 new species and one subspecies have been described or revalidated. Here we summarise the new species and contextualise them regarding their ecology, epidemiologic importance, and the obstacles they pose to the control of Chagas disease around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carolina Dale
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Teixeira de Alencar Filho JM, Sampaio PA, Silva de Carvalho I, Rocha da Silva A, Pereira ECV, Araujo E Amariz I, Nishimura RHV, Cavalcante da Cruz Araújo E, Rolim-Neto PJ, Rolim LA. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with therapeutic and biomedical applications: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:937-949. [PMID: 33915072 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1924149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a recent group of nano porous materials with exceptional physical properties, such as large surface areas, high pore volumes, low densities and well-defined pores. This type of material has been used frequently for biomedical and therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery systems and theranostic materials.Areas covered: In this review, the authors searched for patents filed in the last 10 years, found in different databases, related to the therapeutic or biomedical application of MOFs for use in different health fields. The possibility of these new materials becoming new therapeutic possibilities available to the population was emphasized.Expert opinion: The advances in research with MOFs have grown in the last 10 years and with that many possibilities for their applications have emerged in several areas, especially biomedical. The possibility of using these materials in drug delivery systems is the most common form of possibility of use in the health area, mainly due to easy obtaining and high reproducibility, which are seen very positively by the drug development technology sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedrita Alves Sampaio
- Central de Análises de Fármacos, Medicamentos E Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina-PE, Brasil
| | - Iure Silva de Carvalho
- Central de Análises de Fármacos, Medicamentos E Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina-PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Isabela Araujo E Amariz
- Central de Análises de Fármacos, Medicamentos E Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina-PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Pedro José Rolim-Neto
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brasil
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Central de Análises de Fármacos, Medicamentos E Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina-PE, Brasil
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Castro Eiro MD, Natale MA, Alvarez MG, Shen H, Viotti R, Lococo B, Bua J, Nuñez M, Bertocchi GL, Albareda MC, Cesar G, Tarleton RL, Laucella SA. Reduced Trypanosoma cruzi-specific humoral response and enhanced T cell immunity after treatment interruption with benznidazole in chronic Chagas disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1580-1592. [PMID: 33693664 PMCID: PMC8600036 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interruption of benznidazole therapy due to the appearance of adverse effects, which is presumed to lead to treatment failure, is a major drawback in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease. METHODS Trypanosoma cruzi-specific humoral and T cell responses, T cell phenotype and parasite load were measured to compare the outcome in 33 subjects with chronic Chagas disease treated with an incomplete benznidazole regimen and 58 subjects treated with the complete regimen, during a median follow-up period of 48 months. RESULTS Both treatment regimens induced a reduction in the T. cruzi-specific antibody levels and similar rates of treatment failure when evaluated using quantitative PCR. Regardless of the regimen, polyfunctional CD4+ T cells increased in the subjects, with successful treatment outcome defined as a decrease of T. cruzi-specific antibodies. Regardless of the serological outcome, naive and central memory T cells increased after both regimens. A decrease in CD4+ HLA-DR+ T cells was associated with successful treatment in both regimens. The cytokine profiles of subjects with successful treatment showed fewer inflammatory mediators than those of the untreated T. cruzi-infected subjects. High levels of T cells expressing IL-7 receptor and low levels of CD8+ T cells expressing the programmed cell death protein 1 at baseline were associated with successful treatment following benznidazole interruption. CONCLUSIONS These findings challenge the notion that treatment failure is the sole potential outcome of an incomplete benznidazole regimen and support the need for further assessment of the treatment protocols for chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa D Castro Eiro
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Natale
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Alvarez
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Huifeng Shen
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rodolfo Viotti
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Lococo
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacqueline Bua
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Nuñez
- Departmento de Físicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María C Albareda
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cesar
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rick L Tarleton
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Susana A Laucella
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ávila MR, Figueiredo PHS, Lima VP, Silva WT, Vianna MVA, Fernandes LHC, de Azevedo ACA, Lima MMO, de Carvalho Bastone A, do Carmo Pereira Nunes M, Mediano MFF, da Costa Rocha MO, Costa HS. Accuracy of health-related quality of life in identifying systolic dysfunction in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:936-942. [PMID: 33864407 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systolic dysfunction is a well-established marker of mortality in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy (CC). However, its diagnosis is expensive and useful tools for screening these patients are required. The evaluation of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) detects the patient's perception of the disease's impact. However, its accuracy in identifying patients with CC and systolic dysfunction is unknown. The study aimed to verify the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the physical and mental components related to HRQoL in identifying patients with CC and systolic dysfunction. METHODS 75 patients with CC, aged 49 (95% confidence interval: 47-51) years, were evaluated by echocardiography and Short-Form of Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Systolic dysfunction was defined by left ventricular ejection fraction <52% for men and <54% for women and left ventricular diastolic diameter >55 mm. RESULTS Most patients (73%) had systolic dysfunction, with lower HRQoL values in the physical functioning, physical role functioning and general health perceptions domains and in the physical component summary. The accuracy of identifying patients with systolic dysfunction by the scores of physical components was 73% and 62% of mental components. The optimal cut-off point was 46 for physical and 54 for mental components, with respective positive predictive values of 91% and 80%. CONCLUSION The evaluation of the HRQoL by the SF-36, a low-cost instrument, can be useful in identifying patients with systolic dysfunction, assisting in the screening and risk stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Ribeiro Ávila
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pereira Lima
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Whesley Tanor Silva
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Accetta Vianna
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Laís Helena Carvalho Fernandes
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Alda Cristina Alves de Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Oliveira Lima
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Alessandra de Carvalho Bastone
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique Silveira Costa
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
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Gontijo TB, de Carvalho RL, Dantas-Pereira L, Menna-Barreto RFS, Rogge T, Ackermann L, da Silva Júnior EN. Ruthenium(II)- and Palladium(II)-catalyzed position-divergent CH oxygenations of arylated quinones: Identification of hydroxylated quinonoid compounds with potent trypanocidal activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116164. [PMID: 34020276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented synthesis of hydroxylated aryl-quinones via CH oxygenation reactions and their evaluation against Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, was accomplished. With the use of ruthenium(II)- or palladium(II)-based catalysts, complementary regioselectivities were observed in the hydroxylation reactions and we have identified 9 compounds more potent than benznidazole (Bz) among these novel arylated and hydroxylated quinones. For instance, 5-hydroxy-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-naphthoquinone (4h) with an IC50/24 h value of 22.8 µM is 4.5-fold more active than the state-of-the-art drug Bz. This article provides the first example of the application of CH activation for the position-selective hydroxylation of arylated quinones and the identification of these compounds as trypanocidal drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita B Gontijo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato L de Carvalho
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiza Dantas-Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
| | | | - Torben Rogge
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Potsdamer Strasse 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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61
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Halliday C, de Castro-Neto A, Alcantara CL, Cunha-E-Silva NL, Vaughan S, Sunter JD. Trypanosomatid Flagellar Pocket from Structure to Function. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:317-329. [PMID: 33308952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The trypanosomatids Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp. are flagellate eukaryotic parasites that cause serious diseases in humans and animals. These parasites have cell shapes defined by a subpellicular microtubule array and all share a number of important cellular features. One of these is the flagellar pocket, an invagination of the cell membrane around the proximal end of the flagellum, which is an important organelle for endo/exocytosis. The flagellar pocket plays a crucial role in parasite pathogenicity and persistence in the host and has a great influence on cell morphogenesis and cell division. Here, we compare the morphology and function of the flagellar pockets between different trypanosomatids, with their life cycles and ecological niches likely influencing these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Halliday
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Artur de Castro-Neto
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Carolina L Alcantara
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Narcisa L Cunha-E-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Sue Vaughan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Jack D Sunter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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62
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Magri A, Galuppi R, Fioravanti M. Autochthonous Trypanosoma spp. in European Mammals: A Brief Journey amongst the Neglected Trypanosomes. Pathogens 2021; 10:334. [PMID: 33805748 PMCID: PMC8000865 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Trypanosoma includes flagellated protozoa belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae (Euglenozoa, Kinetoplastida) that can infect humans and several animal species. The most studied species are those causing severe human pathology, such as Chagas disease in South and Central America, and the human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or infections highly affecting animal health, such as nagana in Africa and surra with a wider geographical distribution. The presence of these Trypanosoma species in Europe has been thus far linked only to travel/immigration history of the human patients or introduction of infected animals. On the contrary, little is known about the epidemiological status of trypanosomes endemically infecting mammals in Europe, such as Trypanosomatheileri in ruminants and Trypanosomalewisi in rodents and other sporadically reported species. This brief review provides an updated collection of scientific data on the presence of autochthonous Trypanosoma spp. in mammals on the European territory, in order to support epidemiological and diagnostic studies on Trypanosomatid parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Galuppi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (M.F.)
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63
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Mule SN, Costa-Martins AG, Rosa-Fernandes L, de Oliveira GS, Rodrigues CMF, Quina D, Rosein GE, Teixeira MMG, Palmisano G. PhyloQuant approach provides insights into Trypanosoma cruzi evolution using a systems-wide mass spectrometry-based quantitative protein profile. Commun Biol 2021; 4:324. [PMID: 33707618 PMCID: PMC7952728 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiological agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a complex of seven genetic subdivisions termed discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI and Tcbat. The relevance of T. cruzi genetic diversity to the variable clinical course of the disease, virulence, pathogenicity, drug resistance, transmission cycles and ecological distribution requires understanding the parasite origin and population structure. In this study, we introduce the PhyloQuant approach to infer the evolutionary relationships between organisms based on differential mass spectrometry-based quantitative features. In particular, large scale quantitative bottom-up proteomics features (MS1, iBAQ and LFQ) were analyzed using maximum parsimony, showing a correlation between T. cruzi DTUs and closely related trypanosomes' protein expression and sequence-based clustering. Character mapping enabled the identification of synapomorphies, herein the proteins and their respective expression profiles that differentiate T. cruzi DTUs and trypanosome species. The distance matrices based on phylogenetics and PhyloQuant clustering showed statistically significant correlation highlighting the complementarity between the two strategies. Moreover, PhyloQuant allows the identification of differentially regulated and strain/DTU/species-specific proteins, and has potential application in the identification of specific biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ngao Mule
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Monadeli F Rodrigues
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Quina
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziella E Rosein
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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64
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Silberstein E, Kim KS, Acosta D, Debrabant A. Human Placental Trophoblasts Are Resistant to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in a 3D-Culture Model of the Maternal-Fetal Interface. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626370. [PMID: 33746919 PMCID: PMC7969514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the etiological agent of Chagas Disease (CD), is transmitted to humans by infected kissing bugs, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and from mother-to-child. Congenital transmission is now considered an important route of CD spread in non-endemic countries where no routine testing of pregnant women for the disease is implemented. The main cellular mechanisms that lead to fetal infection by T. cruzi, despite the presence of a placental barrier, remain unclear. Mother-to-child transmission most likely occurs when bloodstream trypomastigotes reach the placental intervillous space and interact with the large cellular surface provided by the syncytioptrophoblasts. These highly specialized cells not only function as a physical obstacle between mother and fetus, but also modulate immune responses against pathogen infections. To overcome the limitations associated with the use of human fetal tissues, we employed a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model to recreate the human placenta environment. In this system, the trophoblast-derived JEG-3 cell line is co-cultured with human brain microvascular endothelial cells attached to microcarrier beads in a rotating bioreactor. Here, we report that 3D culture of JEG-3/HBMEC spheroids promote JEG-3 cells differentiation revealed by the formation of syncytia and production of β human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen (hPL). Under these growth conditions, we demonstrate that 3D-grown JEG-3 cells have reduced susceptibility to T. cruzi infection compared to JEG-3 cells grown in conventional tissue culture flasks. We also show that 3D-cultured JEG-3 cells release paracrine factors in the supernatant that prevent T. cruzi infection of non-trophoblastic cell lines. Our in vitro model of T. cruzi vertical transmission may help better understand the molecular processes by which parasites bypass the human placental barrier and could be exploited to evaluate therapeutics to reduce congenital CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Silberstein
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Acosta
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Alain Debrabant
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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65
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Coelho VL, de Brito TF, de Abreu Brito IA, Cardoso MA, Berni MA, Araujo HMM, Sammeth M, Pane A. Analysis of ovarian transcriptomes reveals thousands of novel genes in the insect vector Rhodnius prolixus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1918. [PMID: 33479356 PMCID: PMC7820597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is a Triatominae insect species and a primary vector of Chagas disease. The genome of R. prolixus has been recently sequenced and partially assembled, but few transcriptome analyses have been performed to date. In this study, we describe the stage-specific transcriptomes obtained from previtellogenic stages of oogenesis and from mature eggs. By analyzing ~ 228 million paired-end RNA-Seq reads, we significantly improved the current genome annotations for 9206 genes. We provide extended 5' and 3' UTRs, complete Open Reading Frames, and alternative transcript variants. Strikingly, using a combination of genome-guided and de novo transcriptome assembly we found more than two thousand novel genes, thus increasing the number of genes in R. prolixus from 15,738 to 17,864. We used the improved transcriptome to investigate stage-specific gene expression profiles during R. prolixus oogenesis. Our data reveal that 11,127 genes are expressed in the early previtellogenic stage of oogenesis and their transcripts are deposited in the developing egg including key factors regulating germline development, genome integrity, and the maternal-zygotic transition. In addition, GO term analyses show that transcripts encoding components of the steroid hormone receptor pathway, cytoskeleton, and intracellular signaling are abundant in the mature eggs, where they likely control early embryonic development upon fertilization. Our results significantly improve the R. prolixus genome and transcriptome and provide novel insight into oogenesis and early embryogenesis in this medically relevant insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Lima Coelho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maira Arruda Cardoso
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mateus Antonio Berni
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Maria Marcolla Araujo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michael Sammeth
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute of Bioanalysis, Coburg University, Coburg, Germany
| | - Attilio Pane
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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66
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Colombo V, Giacomelli A, Casazza G, Galimberti L, Bonazzetti C, Sabaini F, Ridolfo AL, Antinori S. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Latin American pregnant women living outside endemic countries and frequency of congenital transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Travel Med 2021; 28:5908540. [PMID: 32946555 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, as a consequence of globalization and immigration, is no more restricted to Central and Latin America. Therefore, congenital transmission represents a growing public health concern in non-endemic countries. METHODS The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in pregnant Latin American (LA) women living outside endemic countries and the rate of congenital transmission. Data were extracted from studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Lilacs and SciELO databases without language restriction. Two investigators independently collected data on study characteristics, diagnosis, prevalence of infection in pregnant women and congenital infection rate. The data were pooled using a random effects model. RESULTS The search identified 1078 articles of which 29 were eligible regarding prevalence of T. cruzi infection among pregnant women and 1795 articles of which 32 were eligible regarding the congenital transmission rate. The estimated pooled prevalence of T. cruzi infection in LA pregnant women was 4.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0-5.5]. The prevalence of T. cruzi infection in pregnant women from Bolivia was 15.5% (95% CI: 11.7-19.7) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2-0.89) for those coming from all other LA countries. The estimated global rate of congenital transmission was 3.5% (95% CI: 2.5-4.5); excluding poor-quality studies, the rate of congenital transmission was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.4-5.1). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of Chagas disease among LA pregnant women living outside endemic countries is high, particularly in Bolivian women. The rate of vertical transmission of T. cruzi infection is similar to the rate reported in South and Central American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Colombo
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomelli
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casazza
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Galimberti
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bonazzetti
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Sabaini
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Ridolfo
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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67
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Bombaça ACS, Silva LA, Chaves OA, da Silva LS, Barbosa JMC, da Silva AM, Ferreira ABB, Menna-Barreto RFS. Novel N,N-di-alkylnaphthoimidazolium derivative of β-lapachone impaired Trypanosoma cruzi mitochondrial electron transport system. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111186. [PMID: 33395606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease that is endemic in Latin America and spreading worldwide due to globalization. The current treatments are based on benznidazole and nifurtimox; however, these drugs have important limitations and limited efficacy during the chronic phase, reinforcing the necessity of an alternative chemotherapy. For the last 30 years, our group has been evaluating the biological activity of naphthoquinones and derivatives on T. cruzi, and of the compounds tested, N1, N2 and N3 were found to be the most active in vitro. Here, we show the synthesis of a novel β-lapachone-derived naphthoimidazolium named N4 and assess its activity on T. cruzi stages and the mechanism of action. The new compound was very active on all parasite stages (IC50/24 h in the range of 0.8-7.9 μM) and had a selectivity index of 5.4. Mechanistic analyses reveal that mitochondrial ROS production begins after short treatment starts and primarily affects the activity of complexes II-III. After 24 h treatment, a partial restoration of mitochondrial physiology (normal complexes II-III and IV activities and controlled H2O2 release) was observed; however, an extensive injury in its morphology was still detected. During treatment with N4, we also observed that trypanothione reductase activity increased in a time-dependent manner and concomitant with increased oxidative stress. Molecular docking calculations indicated the ubiquinone binding site of succinate dehydrogenase as an important interaction point with N4, as with the FMN binding site of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The results presented here may be a good starting point for the development of alternative treatments for Chagas disease and for understanding the mechanism of naphthoimidazoles in T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina S Bombaça
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otávio Augusto Chaves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorrainy S da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M C Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ari M da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aurélio B B Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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68
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Pedra-Rezende Y, Fernandes MC, Mesquita-Rodrigues C, Stiebler R, Bombaça ACS, Pinho N, Cuervo P, De Castro SL, Menna-Barreto RFS. Starvation and pH stress conditions induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production and autophagy in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166028. [PMID: 33248274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected illness endemic in Latin America that mainly affects rural populations. The etiological agent of Chagas disease is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which has three different parasite stages and a dixenous life cycle that includes colonization of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. During its life cycle, T. cruzi is subjected to stress conditions, including variations in nutrient availability and pH, which impact parasite survival and differentiation. The plasticity of mitochondrial function in trypanosomatids has been defined as mitochondrial activity related to substrate availability. Thus, mitochondrial remodeling and autophagy, which is a constitutive cellular process of turnover and recycling of cellular components, may constitute a response to the nutritional and pH stress in the host. To assess these processes, epimastigotes were subjected to acidic, alkaline, and nutritional stress conditions, and mitochondrial function and its influence on the autophagic process were evaluated. Our data demonstrated that the three stress conditions affected the mitochondrial structure, inducing organelle swelling and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Stressed epimastigotes produced increased ROS levels and overexpressed antioxidant enzymes. The stress conditions resulted in an increase in the number of autophagosomes and exacerbated the expression of different autophagy-related genes (Atgs). A correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic phenotypes was also observed. After 24 h, acid stress and nutritional deprivation induced metacyclogenesis phenotypes (mitochondrial remodeling and autophagy). On the other hand, alkaline stress was transient due to insect blood feeding and culminated in an increase in autophagic flux as a survival mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Pedra-Rezende
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle C Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Diretoria de Extensão, Fundação Centro de Educação a Distância do Cecierj Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Mesquita-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Stiebler
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina S Bombaça
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Pinho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cuervo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Solange L De Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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69
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Pacheco AB, Melo RDJL, Rochitte CE. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of Chagas Disease and its Complications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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70
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Teixeira de Moraes Gomes PA, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Dos Santos IR, Amaro de Sousa F, da Conceição JM, Gouveia de Melo Silva V, Duarte D, Pereira R, Oliveira R, Nogueira F, Alves LC, Brayner FA, da Silva Santos AC, Rêgo Alves Pereira V, Lima Leite AC. Dual Parasiticidal Activities of Phthalimides: Synthesis and Biological Profile against Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2164-2175. [PMID: 32813331 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease and malaria are two neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that prevail in tropical and subtropical regions in 149 countries. Chagas is also present in Europe, the US and Australia due to immigration of asymptomatic infected individuals. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the control of both diseases relies on chemotherapy. However, the emergence of parasite drug resistance is rendering currently available drugs obsolete. Hence, it is crucial to develop new molecules. Phthalimides, thiosemicarbazones, and 1,3-thiazoles have been used as scaffolds to obtain antiplasmodial and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Herein we present the synthesis of 24 phthalimido-thiosemicarbazones (3 a-x) and 14 phthalimido-thiazoles (4 a-n) and the corresponding biological activity against T. cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. Some of these compounds showed potent inhibition of T. cruzi at low cytotoxic concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells. The most active compounds, 3 t (IC50 =3.60 μM), 3 h (IC50 =3.75 μM), and 4 j (IC50 =4.48 μM), were more active than the control drug benznidazole (IC50 =14.6 μM). Overall, the phthalimido-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were more potent than phthalimido-thiazole derivatives against T. cruzi. Flow cytometry assay data showed that compound 4 j was able to induce necrosis and apoptosis in trypomastigotes. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigote cells treated with compounds 3 h, 3 t, and 4 j at IC50 concentrations promoted changes in the shape, flagella, and surface of the parasite body similar to those observed in benznidazole-treated cells. The compounds with the highest antimalarial activity were the phthalimido-thiazoles 4 l (IC50 =1.2 μM), 4 m (IC50 =1.7 μM), and 4 n (IC50 =2.4 μM). Together, these data revealed that phthalimido derivatives possess a dual antiparasitic profile with potential effects against T. cruzi and lead-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso
- Laboratório de Prospecção de Moléculas Bioativas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental para o Semiárido, Universidade de Pernambuco, 56328-903, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Ignes Regina Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Amaro de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria da Conceição
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gouveia de Melo Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Denise Duarte
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pereira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratório de imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Campus UFPE, 50670-901, Recife PE, Brazil.,Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio André Brayner
- Laboratório de imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Campus UFPE, 50670-901, Recife PE, Brazil.,Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
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71
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Hypothyroidism impairs the host immune response during the acute phase of Chagas disease. Immunobiology 2020; 225:152024. [PMID: 33227693 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diseases associated with thyroid hypofunction have been the subject of studies in infectious models, since several authors have demonstrated a pivotal role of iodinated hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) in the modulation of immune effector responses. Using a model of hypothyroidism induced by anti-thyroid drug, we investigated the influence of hypothyroidism in the course of acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. For this, male Hannover Wistar rats were challenged with methimazole for 21 days (0.02% in drinking water), and water for control counterparts. After confirmation of the hypothyroidism, rats were intraperitoneally challenged with 1x105 blood trypomastigotes of the Y strain of T. cruzi. Our findings suggest that hypothyroidism impairs animal weight gain, but does not affect the health of essential organs. Interestingly, infected hypothyroid animals had a significant increase in thymic cell death, with consequent drop in lymphocyte frequency in whole blood (evaluated on the 11th day of infection). Analyzing the percentage of immune cells in the spleen, we found a strong influence of hypothyroidism as a negative regulator of B cells, and antigenic ability of macrophages (RT1b expression) in the course of the experimental chagasic infection. Enhanced serum IL-17A concentration was induced by T. cruzi infection, but hypothyroidism impaired the production of this mediator as seen in infected hypothyroid animals. Taken together, our work suggests for the first time that hypothyroidism may adversely interfere with the modulation of effective immunity in the early phase of Chagas' disease.
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72
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Performance Evaluation of a Commercial Real-Time PCR Assay and of an In-House Real-Time PCR for Trypanosoma cruzi DNA Detection in a Tropical Medicine Reference Center, Northern Italy. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111692. [PMID: 33143253 PMCID: PMC7692395 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, a neglected protozoal disease endemic in Latin America, is also currently considered an emerging threat in nonendemic areas because of population movements. The detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA is increasingly being considered as important evidence to support Chagas disease diagnoses. However, further performance evaluation of molecular assays is useful for a standardization of strategy considering the whole process in routine diagnosis, especially for the different settings such as endemic and nonendemic countries. Seventy-five samples were collected from subjects screened for Chagas disease in Italy. The DNA was isolated from blood using automated extraction. We evaluated the performance of the commercial RealCycler® CHAG kit (pmPCR) based on satellite DNA (SatDNA) and of an in-house real-time PCR (ihPCR) targeting Sat and kinetoplast (k) DNAs, using the concordance of two serology assays as a reference standard. The sensitivity of kDNA and SatDNA tests by ihPCR and SatDNA by pmPCR were 14.29% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.38 to 26.22), 7.14% (95% CI 1.98 to 17.29), and 7.14% (95% CI 1.98 to 17.29), respectively. Specificity was 100% for all PCR assays and targets. Overall, our results suggest that the preferred approach for clinical laboratories is to combine the kDNA and SatDNA as targets in order to minimize false-negative results increasing sensitivity.
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73
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de Moura Ferraz LR, Tabosa AÉGA, da Silva Nascimento DDS, Ferreira AS, de Albuquerque Wanderley Sales V, Silva JYR, Júnior SA, Rolim LA, de Souza Pereira JJ, Rolim-Neto PJ. ZIF-8 as a promising drug delivery system for benznidazole: development, characterization, in vitro dialysis release and cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16815. [PMID: 33033328 PMCID: PMC7545170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of the major public health problems in developing countries. Benznidazole (BNZ) is the only drug available for CD treatment in most countries, however, it presents high toxicity and low bioavailability. To address these problems this study used Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8), which has garnered considerable attention due to its potential applications, enabling the controlled delivery of drugs. The present work developed and characterized a BNZ@ZIF-8 system, and the modulation of BNZ release from the ZIF-8 framework was evaluated through the in vitro dialysis release method under sink conditions at different pH values. Moreover, the in vitro evaluation of cell viability and cytotoxicity by MTT assay were also performed. The dissolution studies corroborated that a pH sensitive Drug Delivery System capable of vectorizing the release of BNZ was developed, may leading to the improvement in the bioavailability of BNZ. The MTT assay showed that no statistically significant toxic effects occurred in the developed system, nor significant effects on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Raphael de Moura Ferraz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil.
| | - Alinne Élida Gonçalves Alves Tabosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil
| | - Débora Dolores Souza da Silva Nascimento
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Ferreira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil
| | - Victor de Albuquerque Wanderley Sales
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil
| | - José Yago Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Terras Raras, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Severino Alves Júnior
- Laboratório de Terras Raras, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Central de Análise de Fármacos, Medicamentos e Alimentos, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, Petrolina, PE, 56304-917, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro José Rolim-Neto
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Dos Medicamentos, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil
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74
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Almeida RG, Valença WO, Rosa LG, de Simone CA, de Castro SL, Barbosa JMC, Pinheiro DP, Paier CRK, de Carvalho GGC, Pessoa C, Goulart MOF, Kharma A, da Silva Júnior EN. Synthesis of quinone imine and sulphur-containing compounds with antitumor and trypanocidal activities: redox and biological implications. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1145-1160. [PMID: 33479619 PMCID: PMC7651858 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ortho-Quinones represent a special class of redox active compounds associated with a spectrum of pronounced biological activities, including selective cytotoxicity and antimicrobial actions. The modification of the quinone ring by simple nitrogen and sulphur substitutions leads to several new classes of compounds with their own, distinct redox behaviour and equally distinct activities against cancer cell lines and Trypanosoma cruzi. Some of the compounds investigated show activity against T. cruzi at concentrations of 24.3 and 65.6 μM with a selectivity index of around 1. These results demonstrate that simple chemical modifications on the ortho-quinone ring system, in particular, by heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulphur, transform these simple redox molecules into powerful cytotoxic agents with considerable "potential", not only in synthesis and electrochemistry, but also, in a broader sense, in health sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G Almeida
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil .
| | - Wagner O Valença
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil .
- Center for the Development of Chemical Technologies , State University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Naviraí , 79950-000 , MS , Brazil
| | - Luísa G Rosa
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil .
| | - Carlos A de Simone
- Department of Physics and Informatics , Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , São Carlos , 13560-160 , SP , Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel P Pinheiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , CE 60430-270 , Brazil
| | - Carlos R K Paier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , CE 60430-270 , Brazil
| | - Guilherme G C de Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , CE 60430-270 , Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , CE 60430-270 , Brazil
| | - Marilia O F Goulart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Federal University of Alagoas , CEP 57072-970 , Maceió , AL , Brazil
| | - Ammar Kharma
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil .
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , University of Saarland , D-66123 Saarbruecken , Germany
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil .
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75
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Santiago PB, Charneau S, Mandacaru SC, Bentes KLDS, Bastos IMD, de Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, de Araújo CN, Santana JM. Proteomic Mapping of Multifunctional Complexes Within Triatomine Saliva. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:459. [PMID: 32984079 PMCID: PMC7492717 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatomines are hematophagous insects that transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This neglected tropical disease represents a global health issue as it is spreading worldwide. The saliva of Triatominae contains miscellaneous proteins crucial for blood feeding acquisition, counteracting host's hemostasis while performing vasodilatory, anti-platelet and anti-coagulant activities, besides modulating inflammation and immune responses. Since a set of biological processes are mediated by protein complexes, here, the sialocomplexomes (salivary protein complexes) of five species of Triatominae were studied to explore the protein-protein interaction networks. Salivary multiprotein complexes from Triatoma infestans, Triatoma dimidiata, Dipetalogaster maxima, Rhodnius prolixus, and Rhodnius neglectus were investigated by Blue-Native- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. More than 70 protein groups, uncovering the landscape of the Triatominae salivary interactome, were revealed. Triabin, actin, thioredoxin peroxidase and an uncharacterized protein were identified in sialocomplexes of the five species, while hexamerin, heat shock protein and histone were identified in sialocomplexes of four species. Salivary proteins related to triatomine immunity as well as those required during blood feeding process such as apyrases, antigen 5, procalins, and nitrophorins compose different complexes. Furthermore, unique proteins for each triatomine species were revealed. This study represents the first Triatominae sialocomplexome reference to date and shows that the approach used is a reliable tool for the analysis of Triatominae salivary proteins assembled into complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Beatriz Santiago
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Coelho Mandacaru
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Kaio Luís da Silva Bentes
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos André O Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carla Nunes de Araújo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jaime Martins Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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76
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Roman-Campos D, Sales-Junior P, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV, Ropert C, Cruz JS. Deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase delays the onset of cardiomyocyte electrical remodeling in experimental Chagas disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165949. [PMID: 32841732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Roman-Campos
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Universitade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Universitade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Universitade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catherine Ropert
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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77
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Wood JM, Satam NS, Almeida RG, Cristani VS, de Lima DP, Dantas-Pereira L, Salomão K, Menna-Barreto RF, Namboothiri IN, Bower JF, da Silva Júnior EN. Strategies towards potent trypanocidal drugs: Application of Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions, sulfonyl phthalide annulation and nitroalkene reactions for the synthesis of substituted quinones and their evaluation against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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78
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Franco CH, Warhurst DC, Bhattacharyya T, Au HYA, Le H, Giardini MA, Pascoalino BS, Torrecilhas AC, Romera LMD, Madeira RP, Schenkman S, Freitas-Junior LH, Chatelain E, Miles MA, Moraes CB. Novel structural CYP51 mutation in Trypanosoma cruzi associated with multidrug resistance to CYP51 inhibitors and reduced infectivity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2020; 13:107-120. [PMID: 32688218 PMCID: PMC7369355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, such as posaconazole and ravuconazole, have been proposed as drug candidates for Chagas disease, a neglected infectious tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. To understand better the mechanism of action and resistance to these inhibitors, a clone of the T. cruzi Y strain was cultured under intermittent and increasing concentrations of ravuconazole until phenotypic stability was achieved. The ravuconazole-selected clone exhibited loss in fitness in vitro when compared to the wild-type parental clone, as observed in reduced invasion capacity and slowed population growth in both mammalian and insect stages of the parasite. In drug activity assays, the resistant clone was above 300-fold more tolerant to ravuconazole than the sensitive parental clone, when the half-maximum effective concentration (EC50) was considered. The resistant clones also showed reduced virulence in vivo, when compared to parental sensitive clones. Cross-resistance to posaconazole and other CYP51 inhibitors, but not to other antichagasic drugs that act independently of CYP51, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, was also observed. A novel amino acid residue change, T297M, was found in the TcCYP51 gene in the resistant but not in the sensitive clones. The structural effects of the T297M, and of the previously described P355S residue changes, were modelled to understand their impact on interaction with CYP51 inhibitors. A ravuconazole-resistant T. cruzi clone presented reduced in vitro and in vivo fitness. The ravuconazole-resistant clone presented cross-resistance to other CYP51 inhibitors. There was no cross-resistance to benznidazole and nifurtimox. Resistance is associated with a novel structural mutation in the TcCYP51 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio H Franco
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David C Warhurst
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tapan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ho Y A Au
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hai Le
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Miriam A Giardini
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruno S Pascoalino
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Lavinia M D Romera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pedro Madeira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucio H Freitas-Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institut Pasteur Korea, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Miles
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carolina B Moraes
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institut Pasteur Korea, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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79
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Synthesis of new N,S-acetal analogs derived from juglone with cytotoxic activity against Trypanossoma cruzi. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:199-213. [PMID: 32418003 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 11 new N,S-acetal juglone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against T. cruzi epimastigote forms. These compounds were obtained in good to moderate yields using a microwave irradiation protocol. Among all compounds, two N,S-acetal analogs, showed significant trypanocidal activity. Notably, one compound 11g exhibited selectivity index 10-fold higher than the reference drug benznidazole for epimastigote. The compound 11h was more effective for amastigote forms. Both prototypes exhibited S.I. higher than the benznidazole description. Thus, both compounds proving to be useful candidate molecules to further studies in infected animals.
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80
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Liu Q, Chen M, Zhou XN. Chagas Disease - An Underestimated Global Public Health Challenge. China CDC Wkly 2020; 2:362-363. [PMID: 34594661 PMCID: PMC8393049 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2020.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Muxin Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
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81
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Pinheiro MVT, Moll-Bernardes RJ, Camargo GC, Siqueira FP, Azevedo CFD, Holanda MTD, Mendes FDSNS, Sangenis LHC, Mediano MFF, Sousa ASD. Associations between Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping Parameters and Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients with Chagas Disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:745-751. [PMID: 32431281 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas disease can progress to myocardial involvement with intense fibrosis, which may predispose patients to sudden cardiac death through ventricular arrhythmia. The associations of myocardial fibrosis detected by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters with non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) were evaluated. This cross-sectional study included patients in early stages of Chagas disease (n = 47) and a control group (n = 15). Patients underwent cardiac evaluation, including CMR examination. Myocardial fibrosis assessment by CMR with measurement of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native T1, and extracellular volume (ECV) was performed. There was an increase in myocardial fibrosis CMR parameters and ventricular arrhythmias among different stages of Chagas disease, combined with a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by CMR and also in the right ventricular systolic function by S' wave on tissue Doppler. Fibrosis mass and ECV were associated with the Rassi score, ventricular extrasystole, and E/e' ratio in a logistic regression model adjusted for age and gender. The ECV maintained an association with the presence of NSVT, even after adjustments for fibrosis mass and LVEF assessed by CMR. The receiver-operating characteristic area under the curve for global ECV (0.85; 95% CI: 0.71-0.99) and NSVT was greater than that for fibrosis mass (0.75; 95% CI: 0.54-0.96), although this difference was not statistically significant. Extracellular volume could be an early marker of increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia in Chagas disease, presenting an independent association with NSVT in the initial stages of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy, even after adjustment for fibrosis mass and LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Cordeiro Camargo
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Silvestre de Sousa
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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82
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Zheng C, Quintero O, Revere EK, Oey MB, Espinoza F, Puius YA, Ramirez-Baron D, Salama CR, Hidalgo LF, Machado FS, Saeed O, Shin J, Patel SR, Coyle CM, Tanowitz HB. Chagas Disease in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa156. [PMID: 32500090 PMCID: PMC7255644 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, once considered a disease confined to Mexico, Central America, and South America, is now an emerging global public health problem. An estimated 300 000 immigrants in the United States are chronically infected with T. cruzi. However, awareness of Chagas disease among the medical community in the United States is poor. Methods We review our experience managing 60 patients with Chagas disease in hospitals throughout the New York City metropolitan area and describe screening, clinical manifestations, EKG findings, imaging, and treatment. Results The most common country of origin of our patients was El Salvador (n = 24, 40%), and the most common detection method was by routine blood donor screening (n = 21, 35%). Nearly half of the patients were asymptomatic (n = 29, 48%). Twenty-seven patients were treated with either benznidazole or nifurtimox, of whom 7 did not complete therapy due to side effects or were lost to follow-up. Ten patients had advanced heart failure requiring device implantation or organ transplantation. Conclusions Based on our experience, we recommend that targeted screening be used to identify at-risk, asymptomatic patients before progression to clinical disease. Evaluation should include an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and chest x-ray, as well as gastrointestinal imaging if relevant symptoms are present. Patients should be treated if appropriate, but providers should be aware of adverse effects that may prevent patients from completing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Zheng
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Orlando Quintero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Revere
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell University, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Michael B Oey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell University, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Fabiola Espinoza
- Metro Infectious Diseases Consultants, Burr Ridge, Illinois, USA
| | - Yoram A Puius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Carlos R Salama
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Elmhurst Hospital Center-Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Luis F Hidalgo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Omar Saeed
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jooyoung Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Snehal R Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Christina M Coyle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Herbert B Tanowitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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83
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Yeung C, Mendoza I, Echeverria LE, Baranchuk A. Chagas' cardiomyopathy and Lyme carditis: Lessons learned from two infectious diseases affecting the heart. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 31:233-239. [PMID: 32376493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chagas' disease and Lyme disease are two endemic, vector-borne zoonotic infectious diseases that impact multiple organ systems, including the heart. Chagas' cardiomyopathy is a progressive process that can evolve into a dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure several decades after the acute infection; in contrast, although early-disseminated Lyme carditis has been relatively well characterized, the sequelae of Lyme disease on the heart are less well-defined. A century of research on Chagas' cardiomyopathy has generated compelling data for pathophysiological models, evaluated the efficacy of therapy in large randomized controlled trials, and explored the social determinants of health impacting preventative measures. Recognizing the commonalities between Chagas' disease and Lyme disease, we speculate on whether some of the lessons learned from Chagas' cardiomyopathy may be applicable to Lyme carditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Electrophysiology and Pacing, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Ivan Mendoza
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Central University of Venezuela Section of Cardiology, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis Eduardo Echeverria
- Clínica de Falla Cardíaca y Trasplante, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Electrophysiology and Pacing, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada.
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84
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Díaz Alcázar MDM, Zúñiga de Mora Figueroa B, García Robles A. Megacolon with infectious etiology that is infrequent in our country: Chagas disease. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2020; 112:423-424. [PMID: 32338024 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.6643/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a 37-year-old male with constipation refractory to medical treatment, in the context of megacolon due to Chagas disease. The entire gastrointestinal tract may be affected but the digestive form is characterized by megaesophagus and megacolon. There is altered peristalsis due to the destruction of the neurons of the enteric nervous system caused by the parasite. Although the mortality rate is low, the disease can have a considerable impact upon quality of life. Chagas disease is poorly recognized and undertreated by healthcare providers in non-endemic regions.
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85
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Bellera CL, Alberca LN, Sbaraglini ML, Talevi A. In Silico Drug Repositioning for Chagas Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:662-675. [PMID: 31622200 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191016114839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an infectious tropical disease included within the group of neglected tropical diseases. Though historically endemic to Latin America, it has lately spread to high-income countries due to human migration. At present, there are only two available drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, approved for this treatment, both with considerable side-effects (which often result in treatment interruption) and limited efficacy in the chronic stage of the disease in adults. Drug repositioning involves finding novel therapeutic indications for known drugs, including approved, withdrawn, abandoned and investigational drugs. It is today a broadly applied approach to develop innovative medications, since indication shifts are built on existing safety, ADME and manufacturing information, thus greatly shortening development timeframes. Drug repositioning has been signaled as a particularly interesting strategy to search for new therapeutic solutions for neglected and rare conditions, which traditionally present limited commercial interest and are mostly covered by the public sector and not-for-profit initiatives and organizations. Here, we review the applications of computer-aided technologies as systematic approaches to drug repositioning in the field of Chagas disease. In silico screening represents the most explored approach, whereas other rational methods such as network-based and signature-based approximations have still not been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Bellera
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucas N Alberca
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - María L Sbaraglini
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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86
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Phan TN, Baek KH, Lee N, Byun SY, Shum D, No JH. In Vitro and in Vivo Activity of mTOR Kinase and PI3K Inhibitors Against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081980. [PMID: 32340370 PMCID: PMC7221892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites, including Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp., are life threatening pathogens with a worldwide distribution. Next-generation therapeutics for treatment are needed as current treatments have limitations, such as toxicity and drug resistance. In this study, we examined the activities of established mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors against these tropical diseases. High-throughput screening of a library of 1742 bioactive compounds against intracellular L. donovani was performed, and seven mTOR/PI3K inhibitors were identified. Dose-dilution assays revealed that these inhibitors had half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 0.14 to 13.44 μM for L. donovani amastigotes and from 0.00005 to 8.16 μM for T. brucei. The results of a visceral leishmaniasis mouse model indicated that treatment with Torin2, dactolisib, or NVP-BGT226 resulted in reductions of 35%, 53%, and 54%, respectively, in the numbers of liver parasites. In an acute T. brucei mouse model using NVP-BGT226 parasite numbers were reduced to under the limits of detection by five consecutive days of treatment. Multiple sequence and structural alignment results indicated high similarities between mTOR and kinetoplastid TORs; the inhibitors are predicted to bind in a similar manner. Taken together, these results indicated that the TOR pathways of parasites have potential for the discovery of novel targets and new potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Nhat Phan
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (T.-N.P.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Kyung-Hwa Baek
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (T.-N.P.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Nakyung Lee
- Screening Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (N.L.); (S.Y.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Soo Young Byun
- Screening Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (N.L.); (S.Y.B.); (D.S.)
| | - David Shum
- Screening Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (N.L.); (S.Y.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (T.-N.P.); (K.-H.B.)
- Correspondence:
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87
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Grazielle-Silva V, Zeb TF, Burchmore R, Machado CR, McCulloch R, Teixeira SMR. Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi DNA Mismatch Repair Proteins Act Differently in the Response to DNA Damage Caused by Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:154. [PMID: 32373549 PMCID: PMC7176904 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MSH2, associated with MSH3 or MSH6, is a central component of the eukaryotic DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) pathway responsible for the recognition and correction of base mismatches that occur during DNA replication and recombination. Previous studies have shown that MSH2 plays an additional DNA repair role in response to oxidative damage in Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei. By performing co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry with parasites expressing tagged proteins, we confirmed that the parasites' MSH2 forms complexes with MSH3 and MSH6. To investigate the involvement of these two other MMR components in the oxidative stress response, we generated knockout mutants of MSH6 and MSH3 in T. brucei bloodstream forms and MSH6 mutants in T. cruzi epimastigotes. Differently from the phenotype observed with T. cruzi MSH2 knockout epimastigotes, loss of one or two alleles of T. cruzi msh6 resulted in increased susceptibility to H2O2 exposure, besides impaired MMR. In contrast, T. brucei msh6 or msh3 null mutants displayed increased tolerance to MNNG treatment, indicating that MMR is affected, but no difference in the response to H2O2 treatment when compared to wild type cells. Taken together, our results suggest that, while T. cruzi MSH6 and MSH2 are involved with the oxidative stress response in addition to their role as components of the MMR, the DNA repair pathway that deals with oxidative stress damage operates differently in T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Grazielle-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tehseen Fatima Zeb
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Burchmore
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Richard McCulloch
- The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Santuza M R Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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88
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Altamura F, Rajesh R, Catta-Preta CMC, Moretti NS, Cestari I. The current drug discovery landscape for trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis: Challenges and strategies to identify drug targets. Drug Dev Res 2020; 83:225-252. [PMID: 32249457 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are vector-borne neglected tropical diseases caused by infection with the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp., respectively. Once restricted to endemic areas, these diseases are now distributed worldwide due to human migration, climate change, and anthropogenic disturbance, causing significant health and economic burden globally. The current chemotherapy used to treat these diseases has limited efficacy, and drug resistance is spreading. Hence, new drugs are urgently needed. Phenotypic compound screenings have prevailed as the leading method to discover new drug candidates against these diseases. However, the publication of the complete genome sequences of multiple strains, advances in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and in vivo bioluminescence-based imaging have set the stage for advancing target-based drug discovery. This review analyses the limitations of the narrow pool of available drugs presently used for treating these diseases. It describes the current drug-based clinical trials highlighting the most promising leads. Furthermore, the review presents a focused discussion on the most important biological and pharmacological challenges that target-based drug discovery programs must overcome to advance drug candidates. Finally, it examines the advantages and limitations of modern research tools designed to identify and validate essential genes as drug targets, including genomic editing applications and in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Altamura
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rishi Rajesh
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nilmar S Moretti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Cestari
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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89
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Morais TR, Conserva GAA, Varela MT, Costa-Silva TA, Thevenard F, Ponci V, Fortuna A, Falcão AC, Tempone AG, Fernandes JPS, Lago JHG. Improving the drug-likeness of inspiring natural products - evaluation of the antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi through semi-synthetic and simplified analogues of licarin A. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5467. [PMID: 32214193 PMCID: PMC7096397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neolignan licarin A (1) was isolated from leaves of Nectandra oppositifolia (Lauraceae) and displayed activity against trypomastigote forms of the etiologic agent of American trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma cruzi. Aiming for the establishment of SAR, five different compounds (1a - 1e) were prepared and tested against T. cruzi. The 2-allyl derivative of licarin A (1d) exhibited higher activity against trypomastigotes of T. cruzi (IC50 = 5.0 μM and SI = 9.0), while its heterocyclic derivative 1e displayed IC50 of 10.5 μM and reduced toxicity against NCTC cells (SI > 19.0). However, these compounds presented limited oral bioavailability estimation (<85%, Papp <1.0 × 10-6 cm/s) in parallel artificial membrane permeability assays (PAMPA) due to excessive lipophilicity. Based on these results, different simplified structures of licarin A were designed: vanillin (2), vanillyl alcohol (3), isoeugenol (4), and eugenol (5), as well as its corresponding methyl (a), acetyl (b), O-allyl (c), and C-allyl (d) analogues. Vanillin (2) and its acetyl derivative (2b) displayed expressive activity against intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi with IC50 values of 5.5 and 5.6 μM, respectively, and reduced toxicity against NCTC cells (CC50 > 200 μM). In addition, these simplified analogues showed a better permeability profile (Papp > 1.0 × 10-6 cm/s) on PAMPA models, resulting in improved drug-likeness. Vanillyl alcohol acetyl derivative (3b) and isoeugenol methyl derivative (4a) displayed activity against the extracellular forms of T. cruzi (trypomastigotes) with IC50 values of 5.1 and 8.8 μM respectively. Based on these results, compounds with higher selectivity index against extracellular forms of the parasite (1d, 1e, 3d, and 4a) were selected for a mechanism of action study. After a short incubation period (1 h) all compounds increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of trypomastigotes, suggesting cellular oxidative stress. The ATP levels were increased after two hours of incubation, possibly involving a high energy expenditure of the parasite to control the homeostasis. Except for compound 4a, all compounds induced hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, demonstrating a mitochondrial imbalance. Considering the unique mitochondria apparatus of T. cruzi and the lethal alterations induced by structurally based on licarin A, these compounds are interesting hits for future drug discovery studies in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R Morais
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Geanne A Alves Conserva
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Marina T Varela
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Thais A Costa-Silva
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Thevenard
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Vitor Ponci
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar C Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andre G Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S Fernandes
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil.
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil.
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90
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Pavani RS, Lima LP, Lima AA, Fernandes CAH, Fragoso SP, Calderano SG, Elias MC. Nuclear export of replication protein A in the nonreplicative infective forms of
Trypanosoma cruzi. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1596-1607. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S. Pavani
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
| | - Loyze P. Lima
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
| | - André A. Lima
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos A. H. Fernandes
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Botucatu Brazil
- Laboratorie de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris‐Saclay Cachan France
| | | | - Simone G. Calderano
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Elias
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil
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91
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Rios L, Campos EE, Menon R, Zago MP, Garg NJ. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of maternal-fetal transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and a case for vaccine development against congenital Chagas disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165591. [PMID: 31678160 PMCID: PMC6954953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trypanos o ma cruzi (T. cruzi or Tc) is the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD). It is common for patients to suffer from non-specific symptoms or be clinically asymptomatic with acute and chronic conditions acquired through various routes of transmission. The expecting women and their fetuses are vulnerable to congenital transmission of Tc. Pregnant women face formidable health challenges because the frontline antiparasitic drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, are contraindicated during pregnancy. However, it is worthwhile to highlight that newborns can be cured if they are diagnosed and given treatment in a timely manner. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of maternal-fetal transmission of Tc and provide a justification for the investment in the development of vaccines against congenital CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Rios
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - E Emanuel Campos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - M Paola Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Salta, Argentina.
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Effects of Cu(II) and Zn(II) coordination on the trypanocidal activities of curcuminoid-based ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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93
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Groom ZC, Zochios V, Protopapas AD. Translating Chagasic dilating cardiomyopathy to surgical therapies: An under published global challenge. SAGE Open Med 2020; 7:2050312119895927. [PMID: 31897298 PMCID: PMC6920581 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119895927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic anthropozoonosis of the Americas linked to social deprivation with no hope of eradication in the future. Having been the most common non-ischemic cause of dilating cardiomyopathy in Latin America, it now spreads beyond the geographical boundaries of its vector via imported and autochthonous transmission. We review the evidence on surgery in Chagasic heart failure and offer a brief narrative on the main aspects of translational management. There is very limited literature on surgery for Chagasic heart failure, especially assist devices and transplantation. This may be attributed to the often unsurmountable economic burden of this single-system parasymphatholytic heart failure to young sufferers who commonly have very limited access to the aforementioned procedures. Chagasic heart failure offers a so far neglected translational model of parasymphatholytic non-ischemic cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe C Groom
- Costello Medical Consulting Limited, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vasileios Zochios
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Centre of Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands Deanery, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester, UK
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94
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do Vale Chaves e Mello F, Castro Salomão Quaresma BM, Resende Pitombeira MC, Araújo de Brito M, Farias PP, Lisboa de Castro S, Salomão K, Silva de Carvalho A, Oliveira de Paula JI, de Brito Nascimento S, Peixoto Cupello M, Paes MC, Boechat N, Felzenszwalb I. Novel nitroimidazole derivatives evaluated for their trypanocidal, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 186:111887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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95
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Melo TG, Coutinho EA, Pereira MCS. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan triggers focal adhesion kinase signaling during Trypanosoma cruzi invasion. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020. [PMCID: PMC7849177 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is capable of triggering different signaling pathways that modulate its internalisation in mammalian cells. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein, has been demonstrated as a mechanism of T. cruzi invasion in cardiomyocytes. Since the involved cell surface receptors are not yet known, we evaluated whether heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), a molecule involved in T. cruzi recognition and in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, are able to trigger the FAK signaling pathway during T. cruzi invasion. METHODS To investigate the role of HSPG in the regulation of the FAK signaling pathway during trypomastigote entry, we performed heparan sulfate (HS) depletion from the cardiomyocyte surface by treatment with heparinase I or p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (p-n-xyloside), which abolishes glycosaminoglycan (GAG) attachment to the proteoglycan core protein. Wild-type (CHO-k1) and GAG-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-745) were also used as an approach to evaluate the participation of the HSPG-FAK signaling pathway. FAK activation (FAK Tyr397) and spatial distribution were analysed by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. FINDINGS HS depletion from the cardiomyocyte surface inhibited FAK activation by T. cruzi. Cardiomyocyte treatment with heparinase I or p-n-xyloside resulted in 34% and 28% FAK phosphorylation level decreases, respectively. The experiments with the CHO cells corroborated the role of HSPG as a FAK activation mediator. T. cruzi infection did not stimulate FAK phosphorylation in CHO-745 cells, leading to a 36% reduction in parasite invasion. FAK inhibition due to the PF573228 treatment also impaired T. cruzi entry in CHO-k1 cells. MAIN CONCLUSION Jointly, our data demonstrate that HSPG is a key molecule in the FAK signaling pathway activation, regulating T. cruzi entry.
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96
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Paranaiba LF, Guarneri AA, Torrecilhas AC, Melo MN, Soares RP. Extracellular vesicles isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi affect early parasite migration in the gut of Rhodnius prolixus but not in Triatoma infestans. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190217. [PMID: 31851215 PMCID: PMC6908325 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi has the ability to spontaneously secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this paper, T. cruzi EVs derived from epimastigote forms were evaluated during interaction with triatomine bugs Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. T. cruzi EVs were purified and artificially offered to the insects prior to infection with epimastigote forms. No effect of EVs was detected in the parasite counts in the guts of both vectors after 49-50 days. On the other hand, pre-feeding with EVs delayed parasite migration to rectum only in the gut in R. prolixus after 21-22 days. Those data suggest a possible role of T. cruzi EVs during the earlier events of infection in the invertebrate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa F Paranaiba
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Ana C Torrecilhas
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria N Melo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo P Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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97
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Chagas Disease: Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy. Curr Probl Cardiol 2019; 46:100507. [PMID: 31983471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a tropical vector-borne infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), also known as American Trypanosomiasis. It is considered endemic in all South and Central America and in this past decades its becoming a burden particularly in the United States and Europe due to human migration. The vast majority of patients during the acute phase are asymptomatic, while chronic symptomatic phase appears years later, with around 30% progressing toward detectable organ damage affecting mainly the cardiovascular and digestive systems. Chagas cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) in Latin America and affects around 30% of infected patients. The foremost characteristics are a diffuse myocarditis with focal fibrosis, mainly located in the apex and basal segments of the posterior and inferior wall, leading to a highly arrhythmogenic disease. Treatment can be etiologic during the parasitic infection, without and established efficacy during the advanced chronic symptomatic phase. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy treatment consists in guided medical therapy for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, but more studies are imperative to improve clinical outcomes, some of them already in progress, and hopefully soon refine treatment and recommendations.
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98
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Arrúa EC, Seremeta KP, Bedogni GR, Okulik NB, Salomon CJ. Nanocarriers for effective delivery of benznidazole and nifurtimox in the treatment of chagas disease: A review. Acta Trop 2019; 198:105080. [PMID: 31299283 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitute a group of infectious diseases prevalent in countries with tropical and subtropical climate that affect the poorest individuals and produce high chronic disability associated with serious problems for the health system and socioeconomic development. Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is included on the NTDs list. However, even though this disease affects more than 10 million people, mostly in Latin America, causing the death of over 10,000 people every year, only two drugs are approved for its treatment, benznidazole and nifurtimox. These antiparasitic agents were developed almost half a century ago and present several biopharmaceutical disadvantages such as low aqueous solubility and permeability limiting their bioavailability. In addition, both therapeutic agents are available only as tablets and a liquid pediatric formulation is still lacking. Therefore, novel pharmaceutical strategies to optimize the pharmacotherapy of Chagas disease are urgently required. In this regard, nanotechnological approaches may be a crucial alternative for the delivery of both drugs ensuring an effective pharmacotherapy although the successful bench-to-bedside translation remains a major challenge. The present work reviews in detail the formulation and in-vitro/in-vivo analysis of different nanoformulations of nifurtimox and benznidazole in order to enhance their solubility, dissolution, bioavailability and trypanocidal activity.
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99
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Sabiá Júnior EF, Menezes LFS, de Araújo IFS, Schwartz EF. Natural Occurrence in Venomous Arthropods of Antimicrobial Peptides Active against Protozoan Parasites. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E563. [PMID: 31557900 PMCID: PMC6832604 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropoda is a phylum of invertebrates that has undergone remarkable evolutionary radiation, with a wide range of venomous animals. Arthropod venom is a complex mixture of molecules and a source of new compounds, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Most AMPs affect membrane integrity and produce lethal pores in microorganisms, including protozoan pathogens, whereas others act on internal targets or by modulation of the host immune system. Protozoan parasites cause some serious life-threatening diseases among millions of people worldwide, mostly affecting the poorest in developing tropical regions. Humans can be infected with protozoan parasites belonging to the genera Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Plasmodium, and Toxoplasma, responsible for Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, and toxoplasmosis. There is not yet any cure or vaccine for these illnesses, and the current antiprotozoal chemotherapeutic compounds are inefficient and toxic and have been in clinical use for decades, which increases drug resistance. In this review, we will present an overview of AMPs, the diverse modes of action of AMPs on protozoan targets, and the prospection of novel AMPs isolated from venomous arthropods with the potential to become novel clinical agents to treat protozoan-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Ferreira Sabiá Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Santos Menezes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Israel Flor Silva de Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
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Hagström L, Marques ALP, Nitz N, Hecht MM. The use of qPCR in human Chagas disease: a systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:875-894. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1659729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Hagström
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Pereira Marques
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado Hecht
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
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