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Xu X, Fallah M, Tian Y, Mukama T, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Brenner H, Kharazmi E. Risk of invasive prostate cancer and prostate cancer death in relatives of patients with prostatic borderline or in situ neoplasia: A nationwide cohort study. Cancer 2020; 126:4371-4378. [PMID: 32697345 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The question of whether having a family history of prostatic borderline or in situ neoplasia (PBISN) is associated with an increased risk of invasive prostate cancer (PCa) or death from PCa remains unanswered. The objective of the current study was to provide an evidence-based risk estimation for the relatives of patients with PBISN. METHODS Nationwide Swedish family cancer data sets were used for the current study, including data regarding all residents of Sweden who were born after 1931 and their parents. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and lifetime cumulative risks of PCa were calculated for men with different constellations of family history. Family history was defined as a dynamic (time-dependent) variable considering changes during follow-up (1958-2015). RESULTS Of the 6,343,727 men in the current study, a total of 238,961 developed invasive PCa and 5756 were diagnosed with PBISN during the follow-up. Men with 1 first-degree relative who was diagnosed with PBISN had a 70% increased risk of invasive PCa (SIR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-1.9) and PCa death (SMR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.2) compared with men with no family history of PBISN or invasive PCa. These were rather close to estimates in men with 1 first-degree relative diagnosed with invasive PCa (SIR, 2.1 and SMR, 1.8). A higher risk of PCa in family members was found among patients with a family history of PBISN and/or PCa diagnosed before age 60 years. The results in terms of cumulative risk resembled this trend. CONCLUSIONS A family history of PBISN appears to be as important as a family history of invasive PCa with regard to an increased risk of invasive PCa or PCa mortality. Such a history should not be overlooked in PCa screening recommendations or in future research regarding familial PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahdi Fallah
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Yu Tian
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Trasias Mukama
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education, Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education, Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elham Kharazmi
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.,Statistical Genetics Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Defever K, Platz EA, Lopez DS, Mondul AM. Differences in the prevalence of modifiable risk and protective factors for prostate cancer by race and ethnicity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:851-860. [PMID: 32666408 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer burden is disproportionate by race. Black men have the highest incidence and mortality rates. Rates for Hispanic men are significantly lower than for non-Hispanic Whites. Whether differences in prevalences of modifiable risk and protective factors for prostate cancer may explain these racial/ethnic differences remains unclear. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), which are cross-sectional and nationally representative. We selected factors known or suspected to be associated with prostate cancer and calculated risk scores combining key factors. Age-adjusted means and proportions were calculated for each factor and risk score by race/ethnicity. We estimated odds ratios (OR) using polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS Prevalences of most factors are statistically significantly differed by race/ethnicity. In NHANES III, the prevalence of high risk score (i.e., > 25th percentile for all participants) was lower for all groups (non-Hispanic Black = 59.4%, non-US-born Mexican American = 51.4%, US-born Mexican American = 61.4%) vs. non-Hispanic White men (76.4%). Similar findings were observed for the fatal weighted risk score and for continuous NHANES. CONCLUSIONS Our findings from this nationally representative study suggest that a combination of multiple risk and protective factors may help to explain the lower rates of prostate cancer in Mexican Americans. However, variation in these factors did not explain the higher risk of prostate cancer in non-Hispanic Black men. No one lifestyle change can reduce prostate cancer equally across all racial/ethnic groups, and modifiable factors may not explain the increased risk in black men at all. Secondary prevention strategies may provide the most benefit for black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Defever
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David S Lopez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Perfil de força de preensão manual em pacientes idosos com câncer de próstata. SCIENTIA MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.35399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: analisar o perfil de Força de Preensão Manual em pacientes idosos com câncer de próstata, atendidos em instituição hospitalar filantrópica do Recife.Métodos: estudo transversal com análise de dados secundários, coletados no Ambulatório de Oncogeriatria do Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, utilizando uma amostra por conveniência com uma amostragem de 72 idosos. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico STATA 12. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi aplicado a variáveis numéricas para se determinar a normalidade da amostra. Em caso de não normalidade, foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 0,05%.Resultados: observou-se uma Força de Preensão Manual reduzida nos pacientes com estadiamento de uma doença mais avançada quando comparado a outros estágios mais localizados ou clinicamente melhores (estadiamento I: 27,78 vs. estadiamento IV: 27,20 no braço dominante (p=0, 340)/ estadiamento I: 27,33 vs. estadiamento IV: 24,13 no braço não dominante) sendo esse resultado melhor reproduzido na mão não dominante (p=0,090). Por meio da análise das comorbidades (hipertensão, diabetes, cardiomiopatia e osteoartrite) em relação à mão dominante e não dominante, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas na Força de Preensão Manual na presença ou ausência das comorbidades analisadas tanto na mão dominante quanto da não dominante (p=0,189 vs.p=0,437).Conclusões: o estudo trouxe subsídios relevantes sobre a importância da Força de Preensão Manual como um importante parâmetro geral para força e um indicativo de saúde, principalmente quando analisados em idosos com câncer, onde afeta significativamente sua função física e neuromuscular, incluindo atrofia muscular, diminuição da força muscular e diminuição do desempenho funcional em atividades diárias, comprometendo significativamente a qualidade de vida e seu prognóstico.
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The changing landscape of cancer in the USA — opportunities for advancing prevention and treatment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:631-649. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sheng Xiong P, Juan Xiong M, Xi Liu Z, Liu Y. Prevalence of smoking among adolescents in China: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2020; 182:26-31. [PMID: 32145409 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a major public health problem worldwide. Estimates for smoking prevalence among adolescents in different regions and in the whole of China are important for the development of public health policies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of smoking among youth in China. STUDY DESIGN This is a meta-analysis study. METHODS English (PubMed, EMBASE) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Internet, WANFANG Data, and CBM) databases were independently searched by two investigators from inception to May 2019. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of smoking. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to investigate sources of heterogeneity. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019130803. RESULTS In total, 131 articles were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 146 studies, involving 684,370 Chinese participants. The total prevalence of smoking among youth in mainland China was 8.17% (95% confidence interval: 6.97-9.45). Subgroup analysis showed that the geographic location and gender could significantly influence the prevalence of smoking. Meta-regression analyses revealed study year, sex ratio (male, %), and response rates did not contribute to the heterogeneity of the results (P-value >0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were statistically stable. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that smoking is common among adolescents in China, and the rate varies between different regions. More practical and effective policies targeting adolescents are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sheng Xiong
- Zhanggong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, GanZhou City, JiangXi Province, China.
| | - M Juan Xiong
- Shenzhen Cancer Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z Xi Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Liu
- Shangrao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shangrao, JiangXi Province, China
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Wang Y, Wang J, Yan K, Lin J, Zheng Z, Bi J. Identification of core genes associated with prostate cancer progression and outcome via bioinformatics analysis in multiple databases. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8786. [PMID: 32266115 PMCID: PMC7120053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The morbidity and mortality of prostate carcinoma has increased in recent years and has become the second most common ale malignant carcinoma worldwide. The interaction mechanisms between different genes and signaling pathways, however, are still unclear. Methods Variation analysis of GSE38241, GSE69223, GSE46602 and GSE104749 were realized by GEO2R in Gene Expression Omnibus database. Function enrichment was analyzed by DAVID.6.8. Furthermore, the PPI network and the significant module were analyzed by Cytoscape, STRING and MCODE.GO. Pathway analysis showed that the 20 candidate genes were closely related to mitosis, cell division, cell cycle phases and the p53 signaling pathway. A total of six independent prognostic factors were identified in GSE21032 and TCGA PRAD. Oncomine database and The Human Protein Atlas were applied to explicit that six core genes were over expression in prostate cancer compared to normal prostate tissue in the process of transcriptional and translational. Finally, gene set enrichment were performed to identified the related pathway of core genes involved in prostate cancer. Result Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that these 20 core genes were mostly related to carcinogenesis and development. CKS2, TK1, MKI67, TOP2A, CCNB1 and RRM2 directly related to the recurrence and prognosis of prostate cancer. This result was verified by TCGA database and GSE21032. Conclusion These core genes play a crucial role in tumor carcinogenesis, development, recurrence, metastasis and progression. Identifying these genes could help us to understand the molecular mechanisms and provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kexin Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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57
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Evedove AUD, Loch MR. Health risk behaviors in elderly Brazilian widowers. Salud Colect 2020; 16:e2255. [PMID: 32222142 DOI: 10.18294/sc.2020.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of health risk behaviors among elderly widowers with that of elderly partnered males, as well as single or divorced/separated men. Additionally, we set out to examine the prevalence of risk behaviors in elderly widowered men according to age, education level, and race/skin color. A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly men (≥ 60 years) who were interviewed through the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) in 2016 (n=5,384) and 2017 (n=5,801). The Vigitel survey includes representative samples of adults residing in the capitals of Brazilian states and the Federal District, and of those surveyed, 886 were widowers. Identified risk behaviors included physical inactivity during leisure time, irregular consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes, smoking and alcohol abuse. The prevalence of smoking was lower among partnered elderly men [PR=0.68, CI95% (0.52-0.90)] than among widowers. There were no differences in the prevalence of other risk behaviors between widowers and other groups. When only widowers were taken into account, there was significant association of risk behaviors with age and educational level, but not with race/skin color.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ulian Dall Evedove
- Magíster en Salud Colectiva. Programa de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil.
| | - Mathias Roberto Loch
- Doctor en Salud Colectiva. Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil.
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Abstract
The opportunity to prevent, to improve their prognosis, or even to cure uro-oncological diseases by modifying the lifestyle habits is a very modern topical subject and represents a great and fascinating challenge for the future. A PubMed and Web of Science databases search has been performed to review the published knowledge on most important lifestyle habits, such as smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sexual activity, and personal hygiene, highlighting modifiable factors influencing development and progression of urological cancers. Cigarette smoking has been historically established as risk factors for urothelial cancer, and an association with risk of renal cell carcinoma and worse prognosis of prostate cancer has been sufficiently demonstrated. Poor genital hygiene is a recognized risk factor for penile cancer. Furthermore, a convincing evidence has been found on the association between physical activity and both risk and prognosis of bladder and prostate cancer. Obesity is strongly associated with increased risk of developing lethal prostate cancer. An unequivocal evidence of a direct relationship between most of the other lifestyle habits and development of the uro-oncological diseases has not been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacco Emilio
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Vaccarella Luigi
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Bientinesi Riccardo
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Gandi Carlo
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Abstract
A variety of diet and lifestyle factors have been studied with respect to prostate cancer risk in large, prospective cohort studies. In spite of this work, and in contrast to other common cancers, few modifiable risk factors have been firmly established as playing a role in prostate cancer. There are several possible explanations for the lack of well-established risk factors. First, prostate cancer has among the highest heritability of all common cancers; second, early life exposures may play an important role in risk, rather than mid- and later-life exposures assessed in most epidemiological studies. Finally, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening plays a critical role in prostate cancer detection and incidence rates, which has important implications for epidemiological studies.Among modifiable risk factors, smoking and obesity are consistently associated with higher risk specifically of advanced prostate cancer. There is also considerable evidence for a positive association between dairy intake and overall prostate cancer risk, and an inverse association between cooked tomato/lycopene intake and risk of advanced disease. Several other dietary factors consistently associated with risk in observational studies, including selenium and vitamin E, have been cast into doubt by results from clinical trials. Results for other well-studied dietary factors, including fat intake, red meat, fish, vitamin D, soy and phytoestrogens are mixed.In practical terms, men concerned with prostate cancer risk should be encouraged to stop smoking, be as physically active as possible, and achieve or maintain a healthy weight. These recommendations also have the advantage of having a positive impact on risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases. Reducing dairy intake while increasing consumption of fish and tomato products is also reasonable advice.
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Kensler KH, Rebbeck TR. Cancer Progress and Priorities: Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:267-277. [PMID: 32024765 PMCID: PMC7006991 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Kensler
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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De Nunzio C, Tema G, Trucchi A, Cicione A, Sica A, Lombardo R, Tubaro A. Smoking reduces PSA accuracy for detection of prostate cancer: results from an Italian cross-sectional study. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2019; 71:583-589. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.19.03360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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62
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Tobacco smoking and death from prostate cancer in US veterans. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 23:252-259. [PMID: 31624316 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for mortality in several genitourinary cancers, likely due to accumulation of carcinogens in urine. However, in prostate cancer (PC) the link has been less studied. We evaluated differences in prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) between current smokers, past smokers, and never smokers diagnosed with PC. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of PCSM in men diagnosed with PC between 2000 and 2015 treated in the US Veterans Affairs health care system, using competing risk regression analyses. RESULTS The cohort included 73,668 men (current smokers: 22,608 (30.7%), past smokers: 23,695 (32.1%), and never smokers: 27,365 (37.1%)). Median follow-up was 5.9 years. Current smoker patients were younger at presentation (median age current: 63, never: 66; p < 0.001), and had more advanced disease stage (stage IV disease current: 5.3%, never: 4.3%; p < 0.04). The 10-year incidence of PCSM was 5.2%, 4.8%, and 4.5% for current, past, and never smokers, respectively. On competing risk regression, current smoking was associated with increased PCSM (subdistribution hazard ratio: 1.14, 95% confidence interval: (1.05-1.24), p = 0.002), whereas past smoking was not. Hierarchical regression suggests that this increased risk was partially attributable to tumor characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Smoking at the time of diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of dying from PC as well as other causes of death. In contrast, past smoking was not associated with PCSM suggesting that smoking may be a modifiable risk factor. PC diagnosis may be an important opportunity to discuss smoking cessation.
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Foerster B, Pozo C, Abufaraj M, Mari A, Kimura S, D'Andrea D, John H, Shariat SF. Association of Smoking Status With Recurrence, Metastasis, and Mortality Among Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Prostatectomy or Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol 2019; 4:953-961. [PMID: 29800115 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance Studies investigating the association of cigarette smoking with prostate cancer incidence and outcomes have revealed controversial results. Objective To systematically review and analyze the association of smoking status with biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and cancer-specific mortality among patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing primary radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. Data Sources A systematic search of original articles published between January 2000 and March 2017 was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases in March 2017. Study Selection Observational studies reporting Cox proportional hazards regression or logistic regression analyses were independently screened. Data Extraction and Synthesis This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Available multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs were included in quantitative analysis. A risk-of-bias assessment was completed for nonrandomized studies. Main Outcomes and Measures Prespecified outcomes of interest were biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and cancer-specific mortality. Results A total of 5157 reports were identified, of which 16 articles were selected for qualitative analysis and 11 articles were selected for quantitative analysis. All included studies were observational and nonrandomized and comprised a total of 22 549 patients. Overall, 4202 patients (18.6%) were current smokers. The overall median follow-up was 72 months. Current smokers had a statistically significantly higher risk of biochemical recurrence (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.66; P < .001 [10 studies]), as did former smokers (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.30; P < .001 [7 studies]). Current smokers were also at a higher risk of metastasis (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.80-3.51; P < .001 [3 studies]) and cancer-specific mortality (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.37-2.60; P < .001 [5 studies]), whereas former smokers were not (metastasis: HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.65-3.97; P = .31 [2 studies]; cancer-specific mortality: HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.81-1.37; P = .70 [4 studies]). Conclusions and Relevance Current smokers at the time of primary curative treatment for localized prostate cancer are at higher risk of experiencing biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and cancer-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Foerster
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Pozo
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Andrea Mari
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shoji Kimura
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert John
- Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
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Khan S, Thakkar S, Drake B. Smoking history, intensity, and duration and risk of prostate cancer recurrence among men with prostate cancer who received definitive treatment. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 38:4-10. [PMID: 31563295 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of smoking history and multiple measures of smoking intensity and duration with risk of biochemical recurrence in men treated for prostate cancer. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1641 men (773 ever-smokers) treated with radical prostatectomy or radiation between 2003 and 2010. The association between ever-smoking and risk of biochemical recurrence was examined using Cox Proportional Hazards models with adjustment for confounders. Among ever-smokers, we further assessed the association between multiple measures of smoking duration and intensity and risk of biochemical recurrence. RESULTS In the full cohort, we observed no association between ever-smoking and risk of biochemical recurrence. However, among ever-smokers, a smoking duration of greater than or equal to 10 years was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio: 2.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 5.33). Our results also suggested that greater than or equal to 10 pack-years of smoking may be associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio: 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 3.15). No association was observed between packs smoked per day or years since smoking cessation (among former smokers) and risk of biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSION Smoking duration is a significant predicator of biochemical recurrence among men with prostate cancer who are current or former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khan
- Epidemiology program, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
| | - Shivani Thakkar
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bettina Drake
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Ma J, Jemal A, Fedewa SA, Islami F, Lichtenfeld JL, Wender RC, Cullen KJ, Brawley OW. The American Cancer Society 2035 challenge goal on cancer mortality reduction. CA Cancer J Clin 2019; 69:351-362. [PMID: 31066919 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A summary evaluation of the 2015 American Cancer Society (ACS) challenge goal showed that overall US mortality from all cancers combined declined 26% over the period from 1990 to 2015. Recent research suggests that US cancer mortality can still be lowered considerably by applying known interventions broadly and equitably. The ACS Board of Directors, therefore, commissioned ACS researchers to determine challenge goals for reductions in cancer mortality by 2035. A statistical model was used to estimate the average annual percent decline in overall cancer death rates among the US general population and among college-educated Americans during the most recent period. Then, the average annual percent decline in the overall cancer death rates of college graduates was applied to the death rates in the general population to project future rates in the United States beginning in 2020. If overall cancer death rates from 2020 through 2035 nationally decline at the pace of those of college graduates, then death rates in 2035 in the United States will drop by 38.3% from the 2015 level and by 54.4% from the 1990 level. On the basis of these results, the ACS 2035 challenge goal was set as a 40% reduction from the 2015 level. Achieving this goal could lead to approximately 1.3 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred from 2020 through 2035 and 122,500 fewer cancer deaths in 2035 alone. The results also show that reducing the prevalence of risk factors and achieving optimal adherence to evidence-based screening guidelines by 2025 could lead to a 33.5% reduction in the overall cancer death rate by 2035, attaining 85% of the challenge goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Ma
- Senior Principal Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Scientific Vice President, Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Senior Principal Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Farhad Islami
- Scientific Director, Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Richard C Wender
- Chief Cancer Control Officer, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kevin J Cullen
- Director, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Otis W Brawley
- Chief Medical Officer (Former), American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
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66
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Koo HJ, Lee KR, Kim HS, Lee BM. Detoxification effects of aloe polysaccharide and propolis on the urinary excretion of metabolites in smokers. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 130:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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67
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Liu X, Yu C, Bi Y, Zhang Z. Trends and age-period-cohort effect on incidence and mortality of prostate cancer from 1990 to 2017 in China. Public Health 2019; 172:70-80. [PMID: 31220754 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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68
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Karunasinghe N, Symes E, Gamage A, Wang A, Murray P, Zhu S, Goudie M, Masters J, Ferguson LR. Interaction between leukocyte aldo-keto reductase 1C3 activity, genotypes, biological, lifestyle and clinical features in a prostate cancer cohort from New Zealand. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217373. [PMID: 31125365 PMCID: PMC6534310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) is known for multiple functions including its catalytic activity towards producing extra-testicular androgen. The present study is towards understanding interaction between biological, lifestyle and genetic impacts of AKR1C3 and their influence on clinical factors in a prostate cancer (PC) cohort from New Zealand (NZ). Method Characteristics of 516 PC patients were collected from the Auckland Regional Urology Facility, NZ. These men were genotyped for the AKR1C3 rs12529 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The leukocyte AKR1C3 activity was measured in a sub-cohort. Variability of leukocyte AKR1C3 activity between biological, lifestyle and clinical features as well as correlation between biological and clinical features were assessed with and without genetic stratification. Results The leukocyte AKR1C3 activity was associated with age at diagnosis (0.51 vs 0.34 μM coumberol units for >69y vs ≤69y, P = 0.03); and with anatomic stage/prognostic grouping among the AKR1C3 rs12529 CC genotype carriers (0.50 vs 28 μM coumberol units among low- and high-risk groups respectively, P = 0.02). Significant correlation between leukocyte AKR1C3 activity and age at PC diagnosis was also observed (correlation coefficient 0.20 and P = 0.02). Ever- smoking impacted both age and PSA at PC diagnosis among AKR1C3 rs12529 GG and CG genotype carriers respectively. Age at diagnosis significantly correlated with PSA at diagnosis in the main (correlation coefficient 0.29, and P<0.001) and sub-cohorts (correlation coefficient 0.24, and P = 0.01); and those carrying the AKR1C3 rs12529 CG and GG genotypes in both the main (correlation coefficient 0.30, and P<0.001 and correlation coefficient 0.35, and P<0.001 respectively) and sub-cohorts (correlation coefficient 0.43, and P<0.001 and correlation coefficient 0.39, and P = 0.06 respectively); but not with those carrying the CC genotype. Conclusions Age dependent PSA thresholds in PC screening could have been valid only in men carrying the AKR1C3 rs12529 CG and GG genotypes in this NZ cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Karunasinghe
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Symes
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amy Gamage
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alice Wang
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pam Murray
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shuotun Zhu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FM&HS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Megan Goudie
- Urology Department, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Masters
- Urology Department, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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69
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Moradi A, Zamani M, Moudi E. A systematic review and meta-analysis on incidence of prostate cancer in Iran. Health Promot Perspect 2019; 9:92-98. [PMID: 31249795 PMCID: PMC6588804 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2019.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is a global health concern. In Iran, its epidemiology is not precisely recognized. We aimed to evaluate incidence of prostate cancer among Iranian populations. Methods: In this systematic review, we searched the databases PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus and Google Scholar for English studies and the databases Magiran, Scientific information Database, IranMedex and IranDoc for Persian studies, using related keywords. The cross sectional articles published from inception to 31 December 2018 were included. Meta-analysis was conducted on the collected data with STATA software using random effects model. Results: Out of 763 articles initially obtained, 9 articles were finally included after applying the predefined exclusion criteria. Analysis of 9 studies on the incidence of prostate cancer showed a crude rate of 7.1 per 100000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6-8.6). Also, the pooled age-standardized incidence rate was 8.7 per 100000 (95% CI: 6.7-10.4). Studies performed in the period 2004-2012 had significantly a higher pooled estimate of the crude incidence rate (9.2 per 100000 [95% CI: 7.9-10.4]) compared with those conducted in the period 1996-2003 (4.5 per 100000 [95% CI: 2.8-6.2]). This trend was also observed based on the age-standardized incidence rate (11 per 100000 [95% CI: 9.4-12.5] versus 6.3 per 100000[95% CI: 4-8.5]). Conclusion: Despite low rate of prostate cancer occurrence in Iran, it is recommended that preventive measures be taken against this disease by health policymakers. Also, more epidemiological studies are needed to better find out the pattern of prostate cancer among Iranian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaad Moradi
- Department of Urology, Firozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Emadoddin Moudi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Urology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Chen X, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhao R. The effects of cigarette smoking on the associations between sitting time and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:315-319. [PMID: 29982348 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is recognized as an independent risk factor for mortality, but it remains unclear whether cigarette smoking will aggravate the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting on mortality. This study examined the impact of cigarette smoking on the relationship between sitting time and all-cause mortality in adults. METHODS Electronic database searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and the EMBASE up to 1 June 2017. Prospective studies that reported sitting time, percent of current smokers, and all-cause mortality were included. Data were extracted independently by two authors. RESULTS Ten prospective studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies included 850990 adults who were followed up for 2-15.7 years, during which 64 781 died (7.6%). Generally, during follow-up sitting time showed a dose-response relationship with all-cause mortality, with each 1 h increment of sitting time per day accounting for hazard ratio (HR) of mortality 1.02 (95%CI, 1.02-1.03). The relationship remained significant when stratified by the quartiles of smoking populations (≤8.4%, 8.5%-12.6%, 12.7%-27.9%, and ≥28.0%), and the risk of sitting time-related mortality increased parallel to the increment of the percent of smoking populations, with HRs 1.02 (95%CI, 1.02-1.03), 1.03 (95%CI, 1.02-1.03), 1.04 (95%CI, 1.03-1.04) and 1.06 (95%CI, 1.06-1.06), respectively. The associations between the risk of prolonged sitting-related mortality and the percent of smoking populations were linear (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking significantly aggravated the detrimental effects of sitting time on all-cause mortality. Our findings provided further evidence on the harmful effects of smoking combing prolonged sitting on adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguo Chen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liuji Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangdong Middle School, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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71
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Lifestyles, health habits, and prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 146:1623-1624. [PMID: 30790052 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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72
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Brostow DP, Gunzburger E, Abbate LM, Brenner LA, Thomas KS. Mental Illness, Not Obesity Status, is Associated with Food Insecurity Among the Elderly in the Health and Retirement Study. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 38:149-172. [PMID: 30794096 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2019.1565901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Food insecurity, limited or uncertain access to adequate nutrition, is an increasingly recognized determinant of health outcomes and is often associated with having obesity. It is unclear, however, if this association persists in elderly populations. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2868 participants' aged 65+ years from the Health and Retirement Study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between food insecurity and body mass index, demographic characteristics, psychiatric history, and medical history. RESULTS Participants with overweight/obesity had a higher prevalence of food insecurity than leaner counterparts, however, weight status was not a significant predictor of food insecurity after multivariate adjustment. Instead, mental illness, current smoking status, and non-White race were all independently associated with food insecurity. DISCUSSION Beyond financial status, health care providers are encouraged to use these characteristics to identify elderly patients that may be at risk of food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Brostow
- a Denver VA Medical Center , Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care , Denver , CO , USA
| | - Elise Gunzburger
- a Denver VA Medical Center , Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care , Denver , CO , USA.,b Department of Biostatistics and Informatics , University of Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Lauren M Abbate
- c Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center , Denver VA Medical Center , Denver , CO , USA.,d Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- e Denver VA Medical Center , Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center , Denver , CO , USA.,f Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology , University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Kali S Thomas
- g Providence VA Medical Center , Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports , Providence , RI , USA.,h Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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73
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Ramirez E, Morano J, Beguiristain T, Castro G, de la Vega PR, Nieder AM, Barengo NC. Insurance status as a modifier of the association between race and stage of prostate cancer diagnosis in Florida during 1995 and 2013. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 59:104-108. [PMID: 30731402 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stage at diagnosis is a critical prognostic factor regarding a patient's health outcomes. It has yet to be shown whether insurance status across different race has any implications on the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate whether insurance status was a modifier of the association between race and stage of previously undetected prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis in Florida between 1995 and 2013. METHODS Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey using information from the Florida Cancer Data System (n = 224,819). Study participants included black and white males diagnosed with prostate cancer in Florida between 1995 and 2013. The main outcome variable was stage of prostate cancer at diagnosis. The main independent variable was race (black vs white). Adjusted logistic regression models were used to explore the association between race, insurance status and stage at diagnosis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Black males were more likely to be diagnosed with late stage prostate cancer (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.27-1.35). Being uninsured (OR 2.28; 95% CI 2.13-2.45) or having Medicaid (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.70-1.98) was associated with a diagnosis of late stage cancer. Stratified analysis for health insurance revealed that blacks had an increased risk for late stage cancer if uninsured (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.07-1.55) and if having Medicare (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.31-1.48). CONCLUSION Insurance status may modify the effect of race on late stage prostate cancer in black patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ramirez
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Julieta Morano
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Tiffany Beguiristain
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Grettel Castro
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Pura Rodriguez de la Vega
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Alan M Nieder
- Department of Urology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, United States
| | - Noël C Barengo
- Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, United States.
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Feasibility, Acceptability, and Behavioral Outcomes from a Technology-enhanced Behavioral Change Intervention (Prostate 8): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Men with Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2019; 75:950-958. [PMID: 30638635 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that lifestyle factors may decrease the risk of prostate cancer progression. Lifestyle guidelines and tools may support lifestyle modification after diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a digital lifestyle intervention among men with prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A 12-wk pilot randomized controlled trial among 76 men with clinical stage T1-T3a prostate cancer. Eligibility included Internet access, no contraindications to aerobic exercise, and engaging in four or fewer of eight targeted behaviors at baseline. INTERVENTION Website, Fitbit One, and text messaging to facilitate adoption of eight behaviors: vigorous activity, smoking cessation, and six diet improvements. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Our primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability based on recruitment and user data, and surveys, respectively. Secondarily, we evaluated the change in eight lifestyle behaviors, and also objective physical activity. Each factor was assigned one point, for an overall "P8 score" (range 0-8). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted. Exploratory outcomes included quality of life, anthropometrics, and circulating biomarkers after 12wk, and behaviors after 1yr. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS At baseline, men in both arms met a median of three targeted behaviors. Sixty-four men (n=32 per arm) completed the study; 88% completed 12-wk assessments (intervention, 94%; control, 82%). Intervention participants wore their Fitbits a median of 82d (interquartile range [IQR]: 72-83), replied to a median of 71% of text messages (IQR: 57-89%), and visited the website a median of 3d (IQR: 2-5) over 12wk. Median (IQR) absolute changes in the P8 score from baseline to 12wk were 2 (1, 3) for the intervention and 0 (-1, 1) for the control arm. The estimated mean score of the intervention arm was 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.7, 2.3) higher than that of the control arm at 12wk (ANCOVA p<0.001). Changes were driven by diet rather than exercise. Limitations include self-reported diet and exercise data. CONCLUSIONS Overall, in this novel pilot trial, the intervention was feasible and acceptable to men with prostate cancer. Next steps include improving the intervention to better meet individuals' needs and focusing on increasing physical activity in men not meeting nationally recommended physical activity levels. PATIENT SUMMARY Tailored print materials combined with technology integration, including the use of a website, text messaging, and physical activity trackers, helped men with prostate cancer adopt healthy lifestyle habits, in particular recommended dietary changes, in the Prostate 8 pilot trial.
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De Nunzio C, Tema G, Lombardo R, Trucchi A, Bellangino M, Esperto F, Deroma M, Proietti F, Vecchione A, Tubaro A. Cigarette smoking is not associated with prostate cancer diagnosis and aggressiveness: a cross sectional Italian study. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2018; 70:598-605. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.03182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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76
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Ibrahim BA, Al-Humaish S, Al-Obaide MAI. Tobacco Smoking, Lung Cancer, and Therapy in Iraq: Current Perspective. Front Public Health 2018; 6:311. [PMID: 30416993 PMCID: PMC6212484 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a research topic of high interest to the public health in Iraq. Although Iraq is a country with a high percentage of smokers, we noticed the dearth of adequate studies and programs to deal with this problem. The percentage of smokers exceed 30% of the population and smoking problem becomes a permanent habit in adults and young people. The problems associated with tobacco smoking behavior related to individuals' post-traumatic stress disorder following post-war conflicts, and the social and cultural environment. The health consequences of tobacco smoking can harm almost every organ in the body, and there are reports confirmed the tobacco smoking is a high-risk factor for lung cancer and other diseases. The relative risk of lung cancer increases with increasing duration and intensity of smoking. Also, smoking associated with bladder, prostate, and head and neck cancers, in addition to respiratory diseases. Intervention efforts should focus on reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking, introduce effective treatments for cancer and quit smoking. In this perspective article, we present our viewpoint and three scenarios to deal with the problem of tobacco smoking in Iraq. We recommend introducing educational, health and legislative policies for quitting smoking and using effective treatments for cancer.
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77
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Kao LT, Xirasagar S, Lin HC, Huang CY. Association Between Pioglitazone Use and Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in the Han Population. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 59:344-349. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sudha Xirasagar
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Herng-Ching Lin
- Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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78
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Ederhy S, Ancedy Y, Soulat-Dufour L, Chauvet-Droit M, Cohen A. [Is cancer a factor or a marker of cardiovascular risk in women?]. Presse Med 2018; 47:780-783. [PMID: 30293849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancers are the 2 main causes of mortality in industrialized countries. Cancer and cardiovascular disease share molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in both cardiovascular disease and cancer development. Some prescribed therapies for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (statin, aspirin) may have effects on the cancer plan. Physical activity would be particularly beneficial in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, breast and endometrial cancer in women. The control of risk factors is associated with a reduction in the incidence of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Ederhy
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris-Sorbonne, service de cardiologie, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - Yann Ancedy
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris-Sorbonne, service de cardiologie, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - Laurie Soulat-Dufour
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris-Sorbonne, service de cardiologie, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - Marion Chauvet-Droit
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris-Sorbonne, service de cardiologie, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - Ariel Cohen
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris-Sorbonne, service de cardiologie, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France.
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Hjelle LV, Gundersen POM, Hellesnes R, Sprauten M, Brydøy M, Tandstad T, Wilsgaard T, Fosså SD, Oldenburg J, Bremnes RM, Haugnes HS. Long-term serum platinum changes and their association with cisplatin-related late effects in testicular cancer survivors. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:1392-1400. [PMID: 29775128 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1473641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term toxicities after cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBCT) reveal a remarkable inter-individual variation among testicular cancer survivors (TCSs). Therefore, we assessed long-term platinum (Pt) changes and their associations with CBCT-related late effects in TCSs. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 77 TCSs treated with CBCT from 1984 to 1990, blood samples for analyses of Pt and a questionnaire including self-reported neuro- and ototoxicity (NTX) symptoms were collected during two follow-up surveys at median 12 (Survey I; SI) and 20 (Survey II; SII) years after treatment. Information about second cancers after SII was retrieved from the Norwegian Cancer Registry. RESULTS A larger Pt decline from SI to SII was associated with a decreased risk of a second cancer diagnosis (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.99 per 10 ng/L/year), and worsening of paresthesias in hands (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.09-3.59 per 10 ng/L/year) and tinnitus (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.01-2.27 per 10 ng/L/year). CONCLUSION In summary, we found a significant association between a larger Pt decline and a reduced risk of second cancers and deterioration of paresthesias in hands and tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line V. Hjelle
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per O. M. Gundersen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Hellesnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mette Sprauten
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Brydøy
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torgrim Tandstad
- The cancer Clinic, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sophie D. Fosså
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Oldenburg
- Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roy M. Bremnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hege S. Haugnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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80
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Kato T, Hashimoto Y, Wong RK, Mitsui Y, Maekawa S, Chang I, Shahryari V, Yamamura S, Majid S, Saini S, Tabatabai ZL, Dahiya R, Deguchi T, Tanaka Y. Influence of lifestyle choices on risks of CYP1B1 polymorphisms for prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4676-4687. [PMID: 30133114 PMCID: PMC6156244 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) converts xenobiotics to carcinogens and how lifestyle choices may interact with CYP1B1 polymorphisms and affect prostate cancer risk was assessed. Blood genomic DNA from a Caucasian population was analysed at polymorphic sites of the 5' untranslated region of CYP1B1 using TaqMan genotyping assays. Overall, drinker status and minor alleles at rs2551188, rs2567206 and rs10175368 were associated with prostate cancer. Linkage was observed between rs2551188, rs2567206, rs2567207 and rs10175368, and the G-C-T-G haplotype (major allele at respective sites) was decreased in cancer. Interestingly when classified by lifestyle factors, no associations of genotypes were found for non-smokers and non-drinkers, whereas on the contrary, minor type at rs2567206 and rs10175368 increased and major G-C-T-G decreased risk for cancer among smokers and drinkers. Interestingly, rs2551188, rs2567206 and rs10175368 minor genotypes correlated with increased tissue CYP1B1 as determined by immunohistochemistry. Further, rs10175368 enhanced luciferase activity and mobility shift show stronger binding of nuclear factor for the minor allele. These results demonstrate smoking and alcohol consumption to modify the risks of CYP1B1 polymorphisms for prostate cancer which may be through rs10175368, and this is of importance in understanding their role in the pathogenesis and as a biomarker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kato
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyGifu University Graduate school of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Yutaka Hashimoto
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Ryan K. Wong
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Yozo Mitsui
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Shigekatsu Maekawa
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Inik Chang
- Department of Oral BiologyYonsei University College of DentistrySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | - Soichiro Yamamura
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Shahana Majid
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Z. Laura Tabatabai
- Department of PathologyVeterans Affairs Medical Center and University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Takashi Deguchi
- Department of UrologyGifu University Graduate school of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
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81
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Dombrowski M, May M, Spachmann PJ, Ganesh Kumar M, Fritsche HM, Brookman-May S, Maurer O, Burger M, Gilfrich C. Influence of Gender and Age on the Willingness to Reduce Nicotine Consumption-Results of a Survey in Urological Cancer Patients (KRAUT Study). Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018; 16:e1181-e1187. [PMID: 30224329 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to investigate whether patients with urologic tumors were aware of smoking as a risk factor for the development and progression of several urologic cancers and the extent of the medical education they had received. Another aim was to investigate whether gender or age influenced patients' willingness to change their smoking habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with histologically malignant urologic tumors were enrolled in our questionnaire-based study from September 2013 to December 2014 in 2 urology departments. Patients were asked about their smoking habits and their general understanding of the relationship between smoking and the onset of cancer (urologic cancer and lung cancer). Also, the extent of information they had acquired from a physician was assessed. The descriptive and oncologic data of the patients were recorded. RESULTS Of 258 enrolled patients, 186 (72.1%) had never had an informational discussion with a doctor about smoking and their urologic tumor disease. Of the 160 active and former smokers, only 45 (28.1%) were planning to stop or reduce smoking because of their tumor disease. The willingness to change smoking habits was greater for women, with a statistically significant difference (odds ratio, 5.59; P = .002). Younger patients aged <58 years were also more willing to reduce or stop smoking. CONCLUSION In our study, most patients with urologic cancer were unaware of smoking as the most probable cause of tumor development. The patients had not received proper counseling from doctors on smoking and the risk it poses for tumor progression. Efforts to balance compliance among the genders and age groups through risk-adapted counseling should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Dombrowski
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Barmherzige Brüder Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias May
- Department of Urology, St Elisabeth Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Philipp Julian Spachmann
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manju Ganesh Kumar
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Fritsche
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Surgical Clinic Munich-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Brookman-May
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany; Janssen Pharma Research and Development, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Odilo Maurer
- Department of Urology, St Elisabeth Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gilfrich
- Department of Urology, St Elisabeth Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany
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82
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Dugué PA, Dowty JG, Joo JE, Wong EM, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, English DR, Hopper JL, Pedersen J, Severi G, MacInnis RJ, Milne RL, Giles GG, Southey MC. Heritable methylation marks associated with breast and prostate cancer risk. Prostate 2018; 78:962-969. [PMID: 30133758 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation can mimic the effects of germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. Recently, we identified twenty-four heritable methylation marks associated with breast cancer risk. As breast and prostate cancer share genetic risk factors, including rare, high-risk mutations (eg, in BRCA2), we hypothesized that some of these heritable methylation marks might also be associated with the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS We studied 869 incident prostate cancers (430 aggressive and 439 non-aggressive) and 869 matched controls nested within a prospective cohort study. DNA methylation was measured in pre-diagnostic blood samples using the Illumina Infinium HM450K BeadChip. Conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for prostate cancer risk factors and blood cell composition, were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between the 24 methylation marks and the risk of prostate cancer. RESULTS Five methylation marks within the VTRNA2-1 promoter region (cg06536614, cg00124993, cg26328633, cg25340688, and cg26896946), and one in the body of CLGN (cg22901919) were associated with the risk of prostate cancer. In stratified analyses, the five VTRNA2-1 marks were associated with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights a potentially important new area of investigation for prostate cancer susceptibility and adds to our knowledge about shared risk factors for breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James G Dowty
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jihoon E Joo
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ee M Wong
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidmiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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83
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Kok VC, Hsiao YH, Horng JT, Wang KL. Association Between Erectile Dysfunction and Subsequent Prostate Cancer Development: A Population-Based Cohort Study With Double Concurrent Comparison Groups. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1492-1502. [PMID: 29708021 PMCID: PMC6142143 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318772741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that erectile dysfunction (ED) and prostate cancer share common potential risk factors such as chronic inflammation, prostatitis, cigarette smoking, obesity, a high animal fat diet, sedentarism, and depression. There is great interest in knowing if ED is associated with prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate if men afflicted with ED harbor an increased risk of prostate cancer, utilizing two concurrent comparison groups, constructed from the Taiwan NHIRD, with up to 8 years' follow-up. Among men with no preexisting prostate cancer, an ED group of 3,593 men ≥ 40 years of age and two non-ED comparison groups of 14,372 men from the general population, 1:4 matched by age and index date (GENPOP); and 3,594 men with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), matched by similar criteria were assembled. A Cox model was constructed to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) after controlling for age, socioeconomic factors, and various medical comorbidities. During the 11,449 person-year follow-up for the ED group, 24 incident prostate cancer developed. During the 44,486 and 11,221 person-year follow-up for the GENPOP and the BPH group, respectively, there were 33 and 25 incidents of prostate cancer. The ED group demonstrated a 2.6-fold greater risk of prostate cancer than that by the GENPOP with an aHR of 2.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.51, 4.59], p < .001). There was no significant difference in risk between ED and BPH group (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.46, 1.48]). This concurrent, double comparison, longitudinal study revealed a positive association between ED and subsequent prostate cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C. Kok
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer Center, Taichung, Taiwan
- Disease Informatics Research Group, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Victor C. Kok, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer Center, Assistant Professor, Asia University Taiwan, 117 Shatien Road, Shalu District, Taichung 43303, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jorng-Tzong Horng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Liang Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
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84
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Darcey E, Boyle T. Tobacco smoking and survival after a prostate cancer diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 70:30-40. [PMID: 30055462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a number of studies indicate tobacco smoking has a detrimental impact on survival and recurrence after a prostate cancer diagnosis, there has been no quantitative review of this literature and it is unclear whether tobacco smoking affects clinical populations differentially. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the associations between tobacco smoking and overall (OM) and prostate cancer-specific (PSM) mortality and recurrence after a prostate cancer diagnosis. METHODS EMBASE and ISI Web of Science were searched for English-language studies, published up to August 17, 2017, which conducted a survival analysis to estimate the association between tobacco smoking and OM, PSM and/or recurrence. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the summary hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations between tobacco smoking and the three outcomes. RESULTS A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the primary meta-analysis indicate current smokers have significantly poorer overall survival (Summary HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.69, 2.28), prostate cancer-specific survival (Summary HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.47, 2.20) and recurrence-free survival (Summary HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.28, 1.72) than never smokers. Similar results were found in population-based studies and in studies conducted in specific clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that tobacco smoking at prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of overall mortality, prostate-cancer specific mortality and recurrence. We recommend future studies collect more detailed information about tobacco smoking to further understanding of the association between tobacco smoking and PCa prognosis. In addition, further research should concentrate on the impact of smoking cessation post-diagnosis and post-treatment on prognosis, and the feasibility and effectiveness of smoking cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Darcey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Terry Boyle
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
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85
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Freedland SJ. Smoking and Death From Prostate Cancer. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4:961-962. [PMID: 29800137 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Freedland
- Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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86
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Hashim D, Boffetta P, Galsky M, Oh W, Lucchini R, Crane M, Luft B, Moline J, Udasin I, Harrison D, Taioli E. Prostate cancer characteristics in the World Trade Center cohort, 2002-2013. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 27:347-354. [PMID: 27898584 PMCID: PMC5443704 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An increased incidence of prostate cancer was reported in three cohorts of World Trade Center (WTC) respondents. It is uncertain whether this increase is because of WTC-related exposures or enhanced surveillance. Prostate cancer cases (2002-2013) were obtained from the WTC Health Program. Age, race, and Gleason score distribution were compared with New York State Cancer Registry cases from the same time period. Multivariate models were adjusted for age and race. Analyses of clinical characteristics of prostate cancer cases within the cohort were also carried out, adjusting for age, race, and WTC exposure categories. WTC respondents had a prostate cancer age-standardized rate ratio of 1.65 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37-1.93] compared with New York State; age-specific ratios were highest for ages 30-49 (2.28; 95% CI: 1.51-3.43), 70-74 (2.05; 95% CI: 1.03-4.10), and 80-84 years (5.65; 95% CI: 1.41-22.58). High WTC exposure was associated with advanced clinical stage (5.58; 95% CI: 1.05-29.76; Ptrend=0.03). WTC respondents continue to have a higher prostate cancer rate compared with New York State as a whole. Respondents with a higher WTC exposure level may have had more advanced clinical stage of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hashim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Galsky
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Oh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Lucchini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michael Crane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Luft
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jaqueline Moline
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention , Hofstra North Shore–LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Iris Udasin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Denise Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center/New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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87
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García-Perdomo HA, Zapata-Copete JA, Sánchez A. Una mirada global y actualizada del cáncer de próstata. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v66n3.65770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El cáncer de próstata es una patología importante en la salud pública y tiene alto impacto mundial. El conocimiento y manejo de esta enfermedad debe ser del dominio de todo médico general y especialista que tenga a cargo pacientes que la padezcan.Objetivo. Obtener una visión actualizada de la epidemiología, los factores de riesgo, la clasificación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Embase y MEDLINE desde enero del 2000 hasta marzo del 2017 mediante la cual se hizo un recorrido a través de las condiciones de riesgo, tamizaje, diagnóstico, nuevos biomarcadores y tratamiento del cáncer de próstata.Resultados. Factores genéticos y medioambientales son foco de estudio en la actualidad. La sospecha diagnóstica del cáncer de próstata sigue siendo con el antígeno específico prostático y el tacto rectal y su diagnóstico se debe hacer con la biopsia de próstata. Se han hecho cambios importantes en cuanto a la clasificación y tratamiento de los pacientes con esta enfermedad.Conclusión. Existe mucha investigación en curso y por venir sobre la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta condición tan importante, relevante y pertinente para los hombres alrededor del mundo.
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88
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Perloy A, Schouten LJ, van den Brandt PA, Godschalk R, van Schooten FJ, Hogervorst JGF. The Role of Genetic Variants in the Association between Dietary Acrylamide and Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:620-631. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1460682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Perloy
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM – School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM – School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke G. F. Hogervorst
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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89
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Gansler T, Shah R, Wang Y, Stevens VL, Yang B, Newton CC, Gapstur SM, Jacobs EJ. Smoking and Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality after Diagnosis in a Large Prospective Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:665-672. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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90
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Waziry R, Jawad M, Ballout RA, Al Akel M, Akl EA. The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:32-43. [PMID: 27075769 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims A systematic review conducted in 2008 found significant associations between waterpipe tobacco smoking and lung cancer, respiratory disease, periodontal disease and low birthweight. Since then, a number of relevant studies have been published. The objective of this study was to update the systematic review on the effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes. Methods In May 2015 we electronically searched the following databases with no date restrictions: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the ISI Web of Science using a detailed search strategy with no language restrictions. We also screened the references' lists of the included studies. We included cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies, and excluded case reports, conference abstracts, editorials and reviews. We excluded studies not conducted in humans, assessing physiological outcomes, not distinguishing waterpipe tobacco smoking from other forms of smoking or not reporting association measures. We assessed risk of bias for each included study and conducted meta-analyses for each of the outcomes of interest. Results We identified 50 eligible studies. We found that waterpipe tobacco smoking was significantly associated with: respiratory diseases [COPD; odds ratio (OR) = 3.18, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.25, 8.08; bronchitis OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.49, 3.77; passive waterpipe smoking and wheeze OR) = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.28, 3.04]; oral cancer OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 2.53, 6.89; lung cancer OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.32, 3.42; low birthweight (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.32); metabolic syndrome (OR 1.63-1.95, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.45); cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.24); and mental health (OR 1.30-2.4, 95% CI = 1.20, 2.80). Waterpipe tobacco smoking was not significantly associated with: oesophageal cancer (OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 0.93, 18.46); worse quality of life scores [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.66, 0.34]; gastric carcinoma (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 0.72, 6.47); bladder cancer (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.57); prostate cancer (OR = 7.00, 95% CI = 0.90, 56.90); hepatitis C infection (OR = 0.98, 95%0.80, 1.21); periodontal disease (OR = 3.00, 5.00); gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.56); nasopharyngeal carcinoma (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.20, 1.23); bladder cancer (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.57); infertility (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.00, 6.30); and mortality (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.93, 1.43). Conclusions There is accumulating evidence about the association of waterpipe tobacco smoking with a growing number of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Waziry
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Jawad
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Academic Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rami A Ballout
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Al Akel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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91
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Brookman-May SD, Campi R, Henríquez JDS, Klatte T, Langenhuijsen JF, Brausi M, Linares-Espinós E, Volpe A, Marszalek M, Akdogan B, Roll C, Stief CG, Rodriguez-Faba O, Minervini A. Latest Evidence on the Impact of Smoking, Sports, and Sexual Activity as Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Incidence, Recurrence, and Progression: A Systematic Review of the Literature by the European Association of Urology Section of Oncological Urology (ESOU). Eur Urol Focus 2018; 5:756-787. [PMID: 29576530 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Smoking, sexual activity, and physical activity (PA) are discussed as modifiable lifestyle factors associated with prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the available evidence concerning the association of smoking, sexual activity, and sports and exercise on PCa risk, treatment outcome, progression, and cancer-specific mortality. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of studies published between 2007 and 2017 using MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement criteria was conducted. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS While data concerning the impact of smoking on PCa development remain conflicting, there is robust evidence that smoking is associated with aggressive tumor features and worse cancer-related outcome, which seems to be maintained for 10 yr after smoking cessation. Less convincing and limited evidence exists for the association of sexual activity with PCa risk. The findings related to PA and PCa support the inference that exercise might be a useful factor in the prevention of PCa and tumor progression, while it is not finally proved under which specific conditions PA might be protective against disease development. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is associated with aggressive tumor features and worse cancer-related prognosis; as this negative impact seems to be maintained for 10yr after smoking cessation, urologists should advise men to quit smoking latest at PCa diagnosis to improve their prognosis. As several studies indicate a positive impact of exercise on tumor development, progression, and treatment outcome, it is certainly reasonable to advocate an active lifestyle. Least convincing evidence is available for the interaction of sexual activity and PCa, and well-conducted and longitudinal studies are clearly necessary to evaluate whether the suggested associations between PCa risk and sexual behavior are real or spurious. PATIENT SUMMARY In this systematic review, we looked at the impact of smoking, sexual activity, and sports and exercise on prostate cancer risk and outcome after treatment. While the evidence for sexual activity is not overall clear, we found that smoking might lead to more aggressive cancers and result in worse treatment outcome. Physical activity might prevent prostate cancer and improve cancer-related outcomes as well. Hence, it is certainly reasonable to advocate an active lifestyle and advise men to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jose D S Henríquez
- Unidad de Uro-Oncología, Servicio de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Maurizio Brausi
- Department of Urology, B. Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi-Modena, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Volpe
- Department of Urology, University of Eastern Piedmont, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Martin Marszalek
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bulent Akdogan
- Department of Urology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christina Roll
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oscar Rodriguez-Faba
- Unidad de Uro-Oncología, Servicio de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
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92
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May M, Fritsche HM, Gilfrich C, Dombrowski M, Maurer O, Spachmann P, Kumar MG, Bjurlin M, Burger M, Brookman-May S. What do patients with urothelial cancer know about the association of their tumor disease with smoking habits? Results of a German survey study. Investig Clin Urol 2018. [PMID: 29520384 PMCID: PMC5840123 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Smoking represents a primary risk factor for the development of urothelial carcinoma (UC) and a relevant factor impacting UC-specific prognosis. Data on the accordant knowledge of UC-patients in this regard and the significance of physicians in the education of UC-patients is limited. Materials and Methods Eighty-eight UC-patients were enrolled in a 23-items-survey-study aimed to analyse patient knowledge and awareness of their tumor disease with smoking along with physician smoking cessation counselling. Results The median age of the study patients was 69 years; 26.1% (n=23), 46.6% (n=41), and 27.3% (n=24), respectively, were non-smokers, previous, and active smokers. Exactly 50% of active smokers reported a previous communication with a physician about the association of smoking and their tumor disease; however, only 25.0% were aware of smoking as main risk factor for UC development. Merely 33% of the active smokers had been prompted directly by their physicians to quit smoking. About 42% of active smokers had received the information that maintaining smoking could result in a tumor-specific impairment of their prognosis. Closely 29% of active and about 5% of previous smokers (during the time-period of active smoking) had been offered support from physicians for smoking cessation. No association was found between smoking anamnesis (p=0.574) and pack-years (p=0.912), respectively, and tumor stage of UC. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the medical conversation of physicians with UC-patients about the adverse significance of smoking is limited. Implementation of structured educational programs for smoking cessation may be an opportunity to further enhance comprehensive cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias May
- Department of Urology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Fritsche
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gilfrich
- Department of Urology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Mirja Dombrowski
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Odilo Maurer
- Department of Urology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Philipp Spachmann
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manju Ganesh Kumar
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marc Bjurlin
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone Hospital, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Brookman-May
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, Janssen Pharma Research and Development, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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93
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Wang K, Li F, Zhang X, Li Z, Li H. Smoking increases risks of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality in breast cancer individuals: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies involving 39725 breast cancer cases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83134-83147. [PMID: 27863414 PMCID: PMC5347758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is associated with the risks of mortality from breast cancer (BC) or all causes in BC survivors. Two-stage dose-response meta-analysis was conducted. A search of PubMed and Embase was performed, and a random-effect model was used to yield summary hazard ratios (HRs). Eleven prospective cohort studies were included. The summary HR per 10 cigarettes/day, 10 pack-years, 10 years increase were 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.16), 1.09 (95% CI = 1.06–1.12), 1.10 (95% CI = 1.06–1.14) for BC specific mortality, and 1.15 (95% CI = 1.10–1.19), 1.15 (95% CI = 1.10–1.20), 1.17 (95% CI = 1.11–1.23) for all-cause mortality, respectively. The linear or non-linear associations between smoking and risks of mortality from BC or all causes were revealed. Subgroup analyses suggested a positive association between ever or former smoking and the risk of all-cause mortality in BC patients, especially in high doses consumption. In conclusion, higher smoking intensity, more cumulative amount of cigarettes consumption and longer time for smoking is associated with elevated risk of mortality from BC and all causes in BC individuals. The results regarding smoking cessation and “ever or former” smokers should be treated with caution due to limited studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuyue Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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94
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Al Qadire M, Alkhalaileh M, ALBashtawy M. Lifestyle and Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Multicentre Case-Control Study. Clin Nurs Res 2018; 28:992-1008. [PMID: 29426230 DOI: 10.1177/1054773818757311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the association between fruit and vegetable intake, high fat, body mass index (BMI) score, physical activity, and the occurrence of prostate cancer among Jordanian men. A case-control study was conducted in three large referral hospitals. The sample included 165 prostate cancer patients in the case group and 177 healthy participants in the control group. The results showed that smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.18, 0.57]), a history of prostate infection (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = [0.11, 0.38]), high-fat intake (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.85]), and increased mean of BMI (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = [1.02, 1.13]) increased the likelihood of developing prostate cancer. Healthy diet and giving up smoking are recommended, as they may contribute to a reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer. More randomized clinical trials in this area are needed to strengthen the available evidence and reduce the effects of confounding variables.
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95
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Risk factors for prostate cancer: A multifactorial case-control study. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 42:337-343. [PMID: 29433825 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among Pakistani men. It is a multifactorial disease involving genetics together with environmental factors. Countries where men have greater dietary fat intake showed increased prostate cancer mortality rates. A population based case-control study was conducted to evaluate various prostate cancer risk factors. Study subjects were 896 prostate cancer cases (2010-2015) and 900 age matched controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to estimate the association between different risk factors and prostate cancer. P values for different factors were computed by t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test. Results showed significant association of increased age (OR = 10.6; CI: 7.92-14.31; P = 0.0001; Z = 15.7) and smoking (P = 0.05) with risk of disease. Consistent evidence suggested that fruits (P = 0.0001), vegetables (P = 0.0007), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.84; CI: 0.72-0.97; P = 0.02; Z = 2.28) were significantly associated with decreased prostate cancer risk. Comparison of education, marital status, occupation, intake of meat (<100 grams/week, 101-250 grams/week, >250 grams/week), number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking duration, and family history of disease among cases and controls were not associated (P > 0.05) with risk of prostate cancer. Most of the prostate cancer patients were at stage IV with a Gleason score ranging from 7-9 and had undergone surgery. This epidemiological study illustrated that age and smoking were potential risk factors for prostate cancer in Pakistani men. Furthermore, phytonutrients can reduce its risk to a greater extent. Prospective studies with detailed analysis and greater sample size are required to explore more accurate findings.
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96
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Jiménez-Mendoza E, Vázquez-Salas RA, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Labra-Salgado IR, Manzanilla-García HA, Torres-Sánchez LE. Smoking and prostate cancer: a life course analysis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:160. [PMID: 29415662 PMCID: PMC5803914 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inconsistent associations between smoking status and prostate cancer (PC) could be due to exposure assessment error. Reconstructing smoking behaviors over the life course could reduce exposure assessment error. Methods As part of a case-control study, we identified 402 incident and histologically confirmed PC cases that were matched by age (±5 years) to 805 population controls. Through direct interview, we obtained information about: age at smoking onset, intensity and frequency of cigarette smoking at different life stages, and smoking cessation age. Smoking status at interview and average smoking index over the lifetime (packs/year) were estimated. Life course smoking patterns were obtained applying the k-means+ method for longitudinal data to the smoking index (pack/year) for each life stage. Results Two life-course smoking patterns were identified among ever smokers: “pattern A” characterized by males who reported low and constant smoking intensity (87.8%), and “pattern B” (12.2%) males with an initial period of low intensity, followed by an increase during the second period. Compared to never smokers, pattern B was associated with higher poorly differentiated PC, (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.21–4.38). No association was observed with average smoking index. Conclusion Life course smoking patterns seem to capture the smoking variability during life course and reduce the likelihood of reverse causation. Using this assessment strategy our findings support the potential role of tobacco smoking in PC, particularly poorly differentiated PC. Prospective studies with comprehensive smoking history during the lifetime are needed to confirm these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4065-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Jiménez-Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ruth A Vázquez-Salas
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Isaac Roberto Labra-Salgado
- Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, Deleg. Cuauhtémoc, 06726, México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hugo A Manzanilla-García
- Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, Deleg. Cuauhtémoc, 06726, México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luisa E Torres-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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97
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Depczynski J, Dobbins T, Armstrong B, Lower T. Comparison of cancer incidence in Australian farm residents 45 years and over, compared to rural non-farm and urban residents - a data linkage study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:33. [PMID: 29304761 PMCID: PMC5756349 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known if the incidence of common cancers in Australian farm residents is different to rural non-farm or urban residents. METHODS Data from farm, rural non-farm and urban participants of the 45 and Up Study cohort in New South Wales, Australia, were linked with state cancer registry data for the years 2006-2009. Directly standardised rate ratios for cancer incidence were compared for all-cancer, prostate, breast, colorectal cancer, melanoma and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Proportional hazards regression was used to generate incidence hazard ratios for each cancer type adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS Farm women had a significantly lower all-cancer hazard ratio than rural non-farm women (1.14, 1.01-1.29). However, the lower all-cancer risk observed in farm men, was not significant when compared to rural non-farm and urban counterparts. The all-cancer adjusted hazard ratio for combined rural non-farm and urban groups compared to farm referents, was significant for men (1.08,1.01-1.17) and women (1.13, 1.04-1.23). Confidence intervals did not exclude unity for differences in risk for prostate, breast, colorectal or lung cancers, NHL or melanoma. Whilst non-significant, farm residents had considerably lower risk of lung cancer than other residents after controlling for smoking and other factors. CONCLUSIONS All-cancer risk was significantly lower in farm residents compared to combined rural non-farm and urban groups. Farm women had a significantly lower all-cancer adjusted hazard ratio than rural non-farm women. These differences appeared to be mainly due to lower lung cancer incidence in farm residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Depczynski
- Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety, The University of Sydney, Moree, Australia
| | - Timothy Dobbins
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce Armstrong
- School of Global and Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Lower
- Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety, The University of Sydney, Moree, Australia
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98
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Elwood PC, Whitmarsh A, Gallacher J, Bayer A, Adams R, Heslop L, Pickering J, Morgan G, Galante J, Dolwani S, Longley M, Roberts ZE. Healthy living and cancer: evidence from UK Biobank. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:792. [PMID: 29434658 PMCID: PMC5804718 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT UK Biobank is a prospective study of half a million subjects, almost all aged 40-69 years, identified in 22 centres across the UK during 2006-2010. OBJECTIVE A healthy lifestyle has been described as 'better than any pill, and no side effects [5]. We therefore examined the relationships between healthy behaviours: low alcohol intake, non-smoking, healthy BMI, physical activity and a healthy diet, and the risk of all cancers, colon, breast and prostate cancers in a large dataset. METHOD Data on lifestyle behaviours were provided by 343,150 subjects, and height and weight were measured at recruitment. 14,285 subjects were diagnosed with cancer during a median of 5.1 years of follow-up. RESULTS Compared with subjects who followed none or a single healthy behaviour, a healthy lifestyle based on all five behaviours was associated with a reduction of about one-third in incident cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.63-0.74). Colorectal cancer was reduced in subjects following the five behaviours by about one-quarter (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.58-0.97), and breast cancer by about one-third (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.52-0.83). The association between a healthy lifestyle and prostate cancer suggested a significant increase in risk, but this can be attributed to bias consequent on inequalities in the uptake of the prostate specific antigen screening test. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with reported reductions in diabetes, vascular disease and dementia, it is clearly important that every effort is taken to promote healthy lifestyles throughout the population, and it is pointed out that cancer and other screening clinics afford 'teachable moments' for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Elwood
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Alex Whitmarsh
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - John Gallacher
- Dementia Platform, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Anthony Bayer
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Luke Heslop
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Janet Pickering
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Gareth Morgan
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Julieta Galante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Sunil Dolwani
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Zoe E Roberts
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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99
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Malhotra J, Borron C, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, van den Brandt PA, White E, Milne RL, Giles GG, Boffetta P. Association between Cigar or Pipe Smoking and Cancer Risk in Men: A Pooled Analysis of Five Cohort Studies. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:704-709. [PMID: 28972007 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Use of non-cigarette tobacco products such as cigars and pipe has been increasing, even though these products entail exposure to similar carcinogens to those in cigarettes. More research is needed to explore the risk of these products to guide cancer prevention efforts.Methods: To measure the association between cigars and/or pipe smoking, and cancer incidence in men, we performed meta-analyses of data from five prospective cohorts. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between different aspects of cigars and pipe smoking and risk of each smoking-related cancer (head and neck, esophagus, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bladder) for each study. Adjusted HRs were combined using random-effects models.Results: Cigars and/or pipe smokers were at increased risk for head and neck [HR, 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-1.87], lung (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.68-2.47), and liver cancers (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08-2.26). Ever-smokers of cigars and/or pipe had an increased risk of developing a smoking-related cancer when compared with never smokers of any tobacco product (overall HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.12). The risk for smoking-related cancers was also increased in mixed smokers who smoked cigars or pipe as well as cigarettes, even when they were smoking predominantly pipe or cigars.Discussion: This pooled analysis highlights the increased risk for smoking-related cancers, particularly for lung and head and neck cancers in exclusive and predominant smokers (former and current) of cigars and pipe. Tobacco prevention efforts should include these products in addition to cigarettes. Cancer Prev Res; 10(12); 704-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Malhotra
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
| | - Claire Borron
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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100
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Mari A, Abufaraj M, Foerster B, Özsoy M, Briganti A, Rouprêt M, Karakiewicz PI, Mathieu R, D'Andrea D, Chade DC, Shariat SF. Oncologic Effect of Cumulative Smoking Exposure in Patients Treated With Salvage Radical Prostatectomy for Radiation-recurrent Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 16:e619-e627. [PMID: 29239845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of smoking with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and metastasis in radiation-recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 214 patients treated with SRP for radiation-recurrent PCa in 5 tertiary referral centers were included from January 2007 to December 2015. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to assess the time to BCR and metastasis. Pre- and postoperative multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted. RESULTS Overall, 120 (56.1%), 49 (22.9%), and 45 (21%) patients were never, former, and current smokers, respectively. Low-, medium-, and high-cumulative smoking exposure was registered in 59.8%, 16.4%, and 23.8% of cases, respectively. Patients with high cumulative smoking exposure had a significantly greater rate of a pathologic Gleason score of ≥ 8 (P = .01) and extracapsular extension (P = .004). Smoking status, cumulative smoking exposure, intensity, and duration were significantly associated with BCR-free survival (P < .001 for all). Smoking status, cumulative smoking exposure, and smoking intensity were significantly associated with metastasis-free survival (P = .03 for all). High cumulative smoking exposure was independently associated with BCR in both pre- (hazard ratio, 2.23; P = .001) and postoperative (hazard ratio, 1.64; P = .04) multivariable models adjusted for the effects of established clinicopathologic features. Smoking cessation did not affect either BCR- or metastasis-free survival (P = .56 and P = .40, respectively). CONCLUSION High cumulative smoking exposure was associated with the biologic and clinical aggressiveness of PCa in patients treated with SRP for radiation-recurrent disease. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor that detrimentally affected the outcomes, even in patients with advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mari
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Beat Foerster
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Mehmet Özsoy
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris VI, Paris, France
| | | | - Romain Mathieu
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daher C Chade
- Department of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical School and Institute of Cancer, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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