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Bao Y, Wang S, Yang X, Li T, Xia Y, Meng X. Metabolomic study of the intervention effects of Shuihonghuazi Formula, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formulae, on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rats using performance HPLC/ESI-TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:468-478. [PMID: 28108381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolomics is the comprehensive assessment of endogenous metabolites of a biological system in a holistic context, and its property consists with the global view of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Shuihonghuazi Formula (SHHZF) has been used for liver cancer early treatment in clinical for more than thirty years, but its mechanism remains unclear completely. This paper was designed to explore the therapeutic effects of SHHZF on liver cancer and its metabolomic characters. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at the dosage of 70mg/kg for 14 weeks. From the 7th weeks, SHHZF was given to the rats which lasted for 10 weeks. Therapeutic effects of SHHZF was compared with that of cyclophosphamide (CTX). High performance liquid-chromatography/electrospray-ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (HPLC/ESI-TOF-MS) combined with pattern recognition approaches including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), was integrated to approximate the comprehensive metabolic signature and discover differentiating metabolites by Agilent MPP 12.1. The changes in metabolic profiling in plasma were restored to their baseline values after SHHZF treatment according to the PLS-DA score plots. RESULTS The results indicated that 23 ions as "differentiating metabolites". The alterations in those metabolites were associated with perturbations in fatty acid and bile acid metabolism, in response to liver cancer through immune and nervous system. And SHHZF could increase the uptake and utilization of linoleic acid and oleic acid, increase arachidonic acid-like substance content and enhance organism immunity of liver cancer rats. And it also could increase the translation from phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC), linoleic acid metabolism and inhibits abnormal metabolism of bile acid. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of therapeutic effects of SHHZF on liver cancer by adjusting the activities of PE N-methyl transferase (PEMT), Lysophospholipase D, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and lysophospholipase was elucidated by the method of metabonomics for the first time.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Discriminant Analysis
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Least-Squares Analysis
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Metabolomics/methods
- Principal Component Analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Yueming Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian 116600, PR China.
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Amen Y, Arung ET, Afifi MS, Halim AF, Ashour A, Fujimoto R, Goto T, Shimizu K. Melanogenesis inhibitors from Coix lacryma-jobi seeds in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2712-2718. [PMID: 28278663 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1292270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An adenine derivative, 9-β-D-glucopyranosyl adenine, reported for the first time from a natural source, in addition to nine known compounds were isolated from the seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic and chemical studies. The isolated compounds and the ethanol extract have been assayed for melanin inhibition using B16-F10 melanoma cell line. The results of our study suggested the potential use of Coix lacryma-jobi seeds as a skin whitening agent and reveal the seeds to be a rich source of important phytochemicals with melanogenesis inhibitory activity. Among the isolated compounds, coixol (2) and 2-O-β-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (8) exhibited potent melanogenesis inhibitory activity with no obvious melanocytotoxicity. The rest of the compounds showed weak to moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhiya Amen
- a Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences , Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.,b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Enos Tangke Arung
- a Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences , Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.,c Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Product Technology , Mulawarman University , Samarinda , Indonesia
| | - Mohamed S Afifi
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Halim
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | | | | | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- a Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences , Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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Identification and anti-tumour activities of phenolic compounds isolated from defatted adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L . var. ma-yuen Stapf) seed meal. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Manosroi A, Sainakham M, Chankhampan C, Abe M, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. Potent in vitro anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-oxidative activities of semi-purified Job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi Linn.) extracts from different preparation methods on 5 human cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:281-292. [PMID: 27125591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHONOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCES Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi Linn.) is commonly used as an herbal medicine. The low incidence of cancer has been observed in the area of China where regularly consume Job's tears. The effects of preparation methods of Job's tears on anti-cancer activities were investigated. Potent in vitro anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-oxidative activities of semi-purified Job's tears extracts from different preparation methods on 5 human cancer cell lines comparing with standards and commercial product were observed. AIM OF STUDY To study the anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-oxidative activities of semi-purified Job's tear extracts from different preparation methods on 5 human cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude methanolic extracts of non-cooked, steamed and roasted Job's tears cultivars were prepared and further semi-purified by liquid-liquid extraction techniques. Both of crude and semi-purified extracts were tested for anti-proliferative, apoptotic induction, anti-oxidative activities and phytochemicals content. RESULTS The highest yields of crude and-purified extracts were 4.60% and 1.46%, respectively. In crude extracts, the steamed whole Thai Black Loei Job's tears (W-TBL-S1) extract showed the highest anti-proliferative activity in mouth epidermal carcinoma cell (KB) at the IC50 of 43.61±0.76μg/ml (0.005 folds of doxorubicin), whereas the roasted whole Laos White Loei Job's tears (W-LWL-R2) extract showed the highest apoptotic activity in cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) at 21.52±1.50% (0.22 and 15.05 folds of doxorubicin and commercial product, respectively). After liquid-liquid extraction, almost all of the semi-purified extracts showed increases in anti-proliferative activity. Ethyl acetate fraction of the roasted whole Laos White Loei Job's tears (W-LWL-R2) showed the highest anti-proliferative activity in HeLa cell at the IC50 of 0.97±0.82μg/ml (7.82 and 45.39 folds of doxorubicin and crude extract, respectively) and apoptotic activity of 18.77±6.31% (0.19 folds of doxorubicin). The commercial product showed no anti-proliferative activity in all cell lines but induced apoptosis in HeLa cell at 1.43±0.34%. The butanol and hexane soluble fractions of the roasted whole of Laos White Loei Job's tears (W-LWL-R2) showed the highest free radical scavenging (SC50) and metal chelating activity (MC50) of 0.31±0.06mg/ml (0.64 folds of ascorbic acid) and 0.08±0.01mg/ml (6.37 folds of EDTA), respectively. All ethyl acetate fractions contain high content of carotenoid and tannin, whereas the hexane soluble fraction of the roasted hull of Laos Black Loei Job's tears (H-LBL-R1) showed the highest linoleic acid content of 8.09±0.74% w/w. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated the potent anti-cancer activity of the semi-purified extracts from roasted Job's tears with high potential for further development to modern anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, 179 Moo 10, Klong Cholprathan Road, Suthep, Meung Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Science, North Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Charinya Chankhampan
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, 179 Moo 10, Klong Cholprathan Road, Suthep, Meung Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Administration Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Masahiko Abe
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 2641, Japan
| | - Worapaka Manosroi
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, 179 Moo 10, Klong Cholprathan Road, Suthep, Meung Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Science, North Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Sainakham M, Manosroi A, Abe M, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. Potent in vivo anticancer activity and stability of liposomes encapsulated with semi-purified Job's tear (Coix lacryma-jobi Linn.) extracts on human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) xenografted mice. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3399-3407. [PMID: 27169326 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1189464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo anticancer activity and stability of liposomes encapsulated with semi-purified Job's tear (Coix lacryma-jobi Linn.) extracts (S5L), prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid technique, on human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) xenografted mice were investigated. For the stability and the physicochemical characteristics, S5L showed a high stability of pH, good dispersibility, small particle size and stable zeta potential. Liposomes can protect linoleic acid in the extract comparing with the free S5. S5L kept at 4 °C for 3 months showed the highest linoleic acid content of 63.50%, whereas at 45 °C, the lowest linoleic acid content of 42.66% was observed. The anticancer activity and toxicity on xenografted mice were observed for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the relative tumor volume (RTV) in the S5L-treated xenografted mice showed a significant RTV reduction. The high dose of S5 and S5L were potent with the highest inhibition of tumor growth of 48.67 and 54.75%, which was 86.94% and 97.81% of 5-fluorouracil, respectively. The apoptotic activity was shown in xenografted mice treated with S5 at medium and high dose, S5L, 5-fluorouracil and commercial product. All treated xenografted mice showed no toxic signs and symptoms, abnormality of internal organs histopathology and blood chemistry. This study has demonstrated the high physicochemical stability of liposomes encapsulated with semi-purified Job's tear extract and their potent anticancer activity on human colon adenocarcinoma xenografted model with the potential for further development to anticolon cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aranya Manosroi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Manose Health and Beauty Research Center , Meung Chiang Mai , Thailand.,c Faculty of Science and Technology , North Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Masahiko Abe
- d Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Chiba , Japan , and
| | - Worapaka Manosroi
- e Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Jiradej Manosroi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Manose Health and Beauty Research Center , Meung Chiang Mai , Thailand.,c Faculty of Science and Technology , North Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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Structural characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the phenolic-rich fraction from defatted adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L . var. ma-yuen Stapf) seed meal. Food Chem 2016; 196:509-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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58
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Secondary metabolites from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica and their in vitro anti-diabetic activities. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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59
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Yang Q, Zhao M, Lin L. Adsorption and desorption characteristics of adlay bran free phenolics on macroporous resins. Food Chem 2016; 194:900-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Prophylactic Treatment with Adlay Bran Extract Reduces the Risk of Severe Acute Radiation Dermatitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:312072. [PMID: 26495009 PMCID: PMC4606150 DOI: 10.1155/2015/312072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute radiation dermatitis is a frequent adverse effect in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, but there are only a small number of studies providing evidence-based interventions for this clinical condition. Adlay is a cereal crop that has been previously shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we seek to evaluate the effectiveness of oral prophylactic treatment with adlay bran extract in reducing the risk of severe acute radiation dermatitis. A total of 110 patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy were analyzed. Using a prospective, randomized, double-blind design, 73 patients received oral treatment with adlay bran extract and 37 patients received olive oil (placebo). Treatment was started at the beginning of radiation therapy and continued until the termination of radiation treatment. Our results showed that the occurrence of severe acute radiation dermatitis (RTOG grade 2 or higher) was significantly lower in patients treated with oral adlay bran extract compared to placebo (45.2% versus 75.7%, adjusted odds ratio 0.24). No serious adverse effects from adlay bran treatment were noted. In conclusion, prophylactic oral treatment with adlay bran extract reduces the risk of severe acute radiation dermatitis and may have potential use in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy.
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de Luna MDG, Flores ED, Cenia MCB, Lu MC. Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by adlai shell (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) adsorbents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:841-844. [PMID: 26081160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adlai shell (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) adsorbents (ASA) were used to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions under batch conditions. The effect of physical and chemical modification of ASA on Cu(II) removal was evaluated. Results showed that the high coefficients of determination for the pseudo-second order (R(2) > 0.9999) and for the intraparticle diffusion (R(2) > 0.9843) equations indicate that the rate-determining step is a combination of pore diffusion and chemisorption at low Cu(II) concentration and boundary layer, pore diffusion and chemisorption at high Cu(II) concentration. At 298K and 100 mg L(-1) Cu(II), the computed qe and k2 values were 17.2 mg g(-1) and 0.012 g mg(-1) min(-1), respectively. The Freundlich model (R(2) > 0.9636) adequately describes the experimental data indicating heterogeneous adsorption. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate the potential of adlai shell adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Daniel G de Luna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Edgar D Flores
- Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization, Department of Agriculture, Nueva Ecija, Philippines; Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Marie Chela B Cenia
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Ming-Chun Lu
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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Han AR, Kang U, Kil YS, Lee J, Seo EK. Identification of Two New Lactams from the Hulled Seeds of Coix lachryma-jobivar. ma-yuen. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Reum Han
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Unwoo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division; Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine; Daejeon 305-811 Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the relationship between reduced pulmonary function and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and helper T cells (Th)1/Th2 drift in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis (AA), and to study the impact of Xinfeng capsule (XFC) on pulmonary function and investigate the mechanism of action. METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), Tripterygium glycosides tablet group (TPT), and XFC group, with 10 in each. Except for the NC group, AA was induced in all rats by intracutaneous injection of 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant in the right paw. On the 19th day after modeling, the NC and MC groups were given physiological saline (0.9%), while the TPT and XFC groups were given TPT (10 mg/kg) and XFC (2.4 g/kg), once daily, respectively. Thirty days after administration, changes in paw swelling, arthritis index (AI), pulmonary function, levels of serum gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-4, Tregs in peripheral blood, and IFN-gamma, IL-4, Forkhead box transcription factor 3 (FoxP3) in lung tissue were observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. RESULTS Compared with the NC group, paw swelling, AI, IFN-gamma, and Th1/Th2 were increased, and pulmonary function parameters, IL-4, FoxP3 were decreased significantly in the MC group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Pulmonary function parameters, Treg, IL-4, FoxP3 (and mRNA) were higher, and paw swelling, AI, and IFN-gamma (and mRNA) were lower in the XFC group than those in the MC group. The XFC group was also much better than the TPT group in improving pulmonary function, FoxP3 mRNA, IFN-gamma, IL-4, Th1/Th2, and IL-10 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Xinfeng capsule can improve pulmonary function by regulating the levels of Tregs, inhibiting the activation of Th1 to Th2 cells, inducing drift, maintaining cell immune suppression, correcting the imbalance of Th1/Th2, and reducing inflammatory mediators.
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Zhao M, Zhu D, Sun-Waterhouse D, Su G, Lin L, Wang X, Dong Y. In vitro and in vivo studies on adlay-derived seed extracts: phenolic profiles, antioxidant activities, serum uric acid suppression, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7771-7778. [PMID: 25029106 DOI: 10.1021/jf501952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential of polished adlay, brown adlay, adlay bran, and adlay hull to prevent and treat hyperuricemia. Brown adlay extract effectively decreased the serum uric acid levels of oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Free and bound phenolic extracts from these materials contained significant amounts of phenolics, with free phenolics dominated by chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid while bound phenolics dominated by p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Free and bound phenolics of adlay bran exhibited significant xanthine oxidase inhibition activities, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, oxygen radical absorbance capacities, and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Adlay bran phenolics could be effective xanthine oxidase inhibitors and radical scavengers. p-Coumaric acid is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with strong superoxide radical scavenging activity. However, ferulic acid is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with weak superoxide radical scavenging activity. Chlorogenic acid is a superoxide radical scavenger with weak xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouming Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Kuo CC, Chen HH, Chiang W. Adlay ( yì yĭ; "soft-shelled job's tears"; the seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agent toward Multistage Carcinogenesis Processes. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:267-75. [PMID: 24716141 PMCID: PMC3942904 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay ( yì yĭ "soft-shelled job's tears", the seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop that has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and as a nourishing food in China for the treatment of warts, chapped skin, rheumatism, neuralgia, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. In addition, adlay also has been said to have stomachic, diuretic, antipholgistic, anodynic, and antispasmodic effects. Carcinogenesis is a multistage process that begins with exposure of viruses or chemicals that are found in the environment. Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic, non-toxic chemical substances to reverse, repress, or prevent carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent research attempting to study the chemopreventive blocking and suppressing potential of adlay and its active components in scavenging electrophiles and reactive oxygen species, antimutagenicity, enhancing Nrf2-mediated detoxification and antioxidant effect, altering carcinogen metabolism, suppressing proliferation, decreasing inflammation, and enhancing antitumor immunity. In addition, several active components with diverse chemopreventive properties have been also mentioned in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chuan Kuo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan
- Correspondence to: Ching-Chuan Kuo, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Shengli Road, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-6-7000123 ext. 65115; Fax: +886-6-2083427; Wenchang Chiang, Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-2-33664115; Fax: +886-2-23638673;
| | - Huang-Hui Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Correspondence to: Ching-Chuan Kuo, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Shengli Road, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-6-7000123 ext. 65115; Fax: +886-6-2083427; Wenchang Chiang, Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-2-33664115; Fax: +886-2-23638673;
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Application of the solvent extraction technique to investigation of the anti-inflammatory activity of adlay bran. Food Chem 2014; 145:445-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Han AR, Kil YS, Kang U, Youn IS, Choi G, Lee YJ, Nam JW, Lee JH, Hong J, Lee SK, Seo EK. Identification of a New Fatty Acid from the Seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.4.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gao ZH, Kong LM, Zou XS, Shi YM, Shang SZ, Luo HR, Liang CQ, Li XN, Li Y, Du X, Xiao WL, Sun HD. Four new indole alkaloids from Plantago asiatica. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2012; 2:249-254. [PMCID: PMC4131610 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Four new indole alkaloids, plasiaticines A-D (1–4), together with two known ones, were isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity, and all compounds except 4 were tested for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ling-Mei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Xi-Sheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Yi-Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shan-Zhai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Cheng-Qin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Xue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
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69
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Chen HJ, Lo YC, Chiang W. Inhibitory effects of adlay bran (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) on chemical mediator release and cytokine production in rat basophilic leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:119-127. [PMID: 22353428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Adlay (Job's tears, Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) has long been used in China to treat rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the anti-allergic effects of adlay bran on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the anti-allergic effects of adlay bran, the release of histamines and cytokines were measured using ELISA. To explore the mechanism of these effects, the protein expression levels were determined using western blotting. RESULTS A 40.8μg/mL concentration of the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanolic extracts of adlay bran (ABE-EtOAc) effectively inhibited mast cell degranulation. The 40-100% EtOAc/Hex subfractions of ABE-EtOAc inhibited histamine release with an IC(50) of 71-87μg/mL. Moreover, the ABE-EtOAc subfractions suppressed the secretion of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the RBL-2H3 cells, indicating that adlay bran can inhibit cytokine secretion in the late phase of the allergic reaction. In addition, adlay bran reduced the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and decreased the expression of protein kinase C. Furthermore, six phenolic acids and one flavone were isolated. Of these compounds, luteolin showed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC(50)=1.5μg/mL). CONCLUSION Adlay bran extract reduced the release of histamines and cytokines and suppressed the production of Akt. These combined effects influenced the signal transduction in RBL-2H3 cells, thereby revealing the mechanisms of the anti-allergic effects of adlay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jhang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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70
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XU BAOJUN, CHEN XUE. COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITIES AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF WHOLE AND DEHULLED ADLAY (COIX LACRYMA-JOBI
VAR. MA-YUEN
) AS AFFECTED BY THERMAL PROCESSING METHODS. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2012.00683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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71
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Cereal bran: the next super food with significant antioxidant and anticancer potential. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-012-0091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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72
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Zheng ZF, Zhang QJ, Chen RY, Yu DQ. Four new N-contained iridoid glycosides from flower buds of Lonicera japonica. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:729-37. [PMID: 22693961 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.688038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Four new N-contained iridoid glycosides, lonijapospiroside A (1), L-phenylalaninosecologanin B (2), L-phenylalaninosecologanin C (3), and dehydroprolinoylloganin A (4), were isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Their structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fei Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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73
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McCulloch M, Broffman M, van der Laan M, Hubbard A, Kushi L, Abrams DI, Gao J, Colford JM. Colon cancer survival with herbal medicine and vitamins combined with standard therapy in a whole-systems approach: ten-year follow-up data analyzed with marginal structural models and propensity score methods. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 10:240-59. [PMID: 21964510 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411406539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although localized colon cancer is often successfully treated with surgery, advanced disease requires aggressive systemic therapy that has lower effectiveness. Approximately 30% to 75% of patients with colon cancer use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but there is limited formal evidence of survival efficacy. In a consecutive case series with 10-year follow-up of all colon cancer patients (n = 193) presenting at a San Francisco Bay-Area center for Chinese medicine (Pine Street Clinic, San Anselmo, CA), the authors compared survival in patients choosing short-term treatment lasting the duration of chemotherapy/radiotherapy with those continuing long-term. To put these data into the context of treatment responses seen in conventional medical practice, they also compared survival with Pan-Asian medicine + vitamins (PAM+V) with that of concurrent external controls from Kaiser Permanente Northern California and California Cancer Registries. Kaplan-Meier, traditional Cox regression, and more modern methods were used for causal inference-namely, propensity score and marginal structural models (MSMs), which have not been used before in studies of cancer survival and Chinese herbal medicine. PAM+V combined with conventional therapy, compared with conventional therapy alone, reduced the risk of death in stage I by 95%, stage II by 64%, stage III by 29%, and stage IV by 75%. There was no significant difference between short-term and long-term PAM+V. Combining PAM+V with conventional therapy improved survival, compared with conventional therapy alone, suggesting that prospective trials combining PAM+V with conventional therapy are justified.
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74
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Chen HH, Chiang W, Chang JY, Chien YL, Lee CK, Liu KJ, Cheng YT, Chen TF, Kuo YH, Kuo CC. Antimutagenic constituents of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with potential cancer chemopreventive activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6444-6452. [PMID: 21561091 DOI: 10.1021/jf200539r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adlay has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a nourishing food. The acetone extract of adlay hull had previously been demonstrated to possess potent antimutagenic activity. The aims of this study were to identify the antimutagenic constituents from adlay hull by using Ames antimutagenic activity-guide isolation procedures and to investigate their chemopreventive efficacies in cultured cells. The results demonstrated that six compounds showing great antimutagenic activity were identified by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with authentic samples to be p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, trans-coniferylaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, and coixol. Two of them, trans-coniferylaldehyde and sinapaldehyde, exhibit relatively potent scavenging of DPPH radicals, inhibit TPA stimulated superoxide anion generation in neutrophil-like leukocytes, and induce Nrf2/ARE-driven luciferase activity in HSC-3 cells. Moreover, trans-coniferylaldehyde possesses cytoprotective efficacy against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced DNA double-strand breaks in cultured cells, and the chemopreventive potency induced by trans-coniferylaldehyde may be through the activation of kinase signals, including p38, ERK1/2, JNK, MEK1/2, and MSK1/2. In summary, we first identified six antimutagenic constituents from adlay hull. Among them, trans-coniferylaldehyde would be a highly promising agent for cancer chemoprevention and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Hui Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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75
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Yao HT, Lin JH, Chiang MT, Chiang W, Luo MN, Lii CK. Suppressive effect of the ethanolic extract of adlay bran on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in rat liver and lungs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4306-4314. [PMID: 21395288 DOI: 10.1021/jf200117m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop and is reported to protect against various diseases such as cancer. To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of adlay bran (ABE) on drug-metabolizing enzymes and glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes in rats, three groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats each were fed a control diet or a diet containing 5 or 10% ABE for 4 weeks. Significant decreases in microsomal cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1-catalyzed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, CYP2C-catalyzed diclofenac 4-hydroxylation, CYP2D-catalyzed dextromethorphan O-demethylation, and CYP3A-catalyzed testosterone 6β-hydroxylation in the liver and CYP1A1-catalyzed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation in the lungs of rats fed ABE were observed. Immunoblot analyses also showed decreases of CYP1A1, 1A2, 2C6, 2C11, 2D1, 2E1, 3A1, and 3A2 in the liver and CYP1A1 in the lungs. Furthermore, rats fed the 10% ABE diet had a higher glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activities in the lungs, but such an increase was not noted in the liver. Inhibition of various CYP-catalyzed enzyme reactions by ABE in rat and human liver microsomes had also been shown. The results of this study indicate that ABE feeding may suppress CYP enzyme activities and CYP protein expression in the liver and lungs of rats. Moreover, the increase of the antioxidant potential by ABE is tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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76
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Chung CP, Hsu CY, Lin JH, Kuo YH, Chiang W, Lin YL. Antiproliferative lactams and spiroenone from adlay bran in human breast cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1185-1194. [PMID: 21284381 DOI: 10.1021/jf104088x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two new lactams, coixspirolactam D (1) and coixspirolactam E (2), and a new spiroenone, coixspiroenone (3), together with seven known compounds, coixspirolactam A (4), coixspirolactam B (5), coixspirolactam C (6), coixlactam (7), coixol (8), ethyl dioxindole-3-acetate (9), and isoindol-1-one (10), and two neolignans, zhepiresionol (11) and ficusal (12), were isolated from the bioactive subfraction of adlay bran ethanolic extract (ABE). Compounds 9 and 10 are the first isolates from natural resources. The structures of new compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods, including infrared (IR) spectrum, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrum (MS). All of the isolated compounds were tested for antiproliferative effects on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and T-47D cells. Results showed that compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 at 50 μM significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation by 30.2, 19.2, 21.0, 13.5, and 32.4%, respectively; compounds 2, 4, and 7 significantly inhibited T-47D cells at 50 μM by 20.7, 24.8, and 28.9%; and compounds 1, 2, and 12 significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells at 50 μM by 47.4, 25.3, and 69.3%, respectively. In conclusion, ABE has antiproliferative activities, and this effect is partially related to the presence of lactams and spiroenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pei Chung
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
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77
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Li SC, Chen CM, Lin SH, Chiang W, Shih CK. Effects of adlay bran and its ethanolic extract and residue on preneoplastic lesions of the colon in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:547-552. [PMID: 21218491 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a cereal crop used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a nutritious food. Epidemiologists have suspected that the low cancer rates in southeastern China might be related to adlay. Previous studies have shown that adlay has anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory activity. This study investigated the effect of adlay bran and its fractions on chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. RESULTS Adlay bran and its ethanolic extract and residue significantly reduced the number of preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and modified their mucin composition. The inhibitory effect of adlay bran ethanolic extract on ACF showed a dose dependence. Adlay bran and its ethanolic extract suppressed small ACF (one, two or three crypts) and ACF in the distal colon, while the residue suppressed large ACF (four or more crypts). CONCLUSION These findings suggest the possibility that adlay bran and its ethanolic extract and residue inhibit colonic preneoplastic lesions in an early stage. Adlay and its fractions may have the potential to be developed as chemopreventive cereal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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78
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Chen HJ, Chung CP, Chiang W, Lin YL. Anti-inflammatory effects and chemical study of a flavonoid-enriched fraction from adlay bran. Food Chem 2010; 126:1741-8. [PMID: 25213953 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammation-guided fractionation and purification were used to evaluate the bioactivity and components of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) bran. Results showed that the fraction with high phenolic and flavonoid contents from the ethanol extracts of adlay bran suppressed LPS-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α secretions in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Fifteen compounds, including a novel aurone derivative, two chromones, one dihydrochalcone, one chalcone, four flavanones, five flavones and one isoflavone, were isolated from the active fraction. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and MS. All of the isolates are reported for the first time from adlay except naringenin. LC/MS was also provided as an analytical platform. Our results suggest that flavonoids in adlay bran, partially at least, contribute to its anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, adlay bran may be beneficial to the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jhang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Pei Chung
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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79
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Chung CP, Hsu HY, Huang DW, Hsu HH, Lin JT, Shih CK, Chiang W. Ethyl acetate fraction of adlay bran ethanolic extract inhibits oncogene expression and suppresses DMH-induced preneoplastic lesions of the colon in F344 rats through an anti-inflammatory pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7616-7623. [PMID: 20536243 DOI: 10.1021/jf101084e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop and was reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity and an antiproliferative effect in cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of an adlay bran ethanolic extract (ABE-Ea) on colon carcinogenesis in an animal model and investigate its mechanism. Male F344 rats received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and consumed different doses of ABE-Ea. The medium-dose group (17.28 mg of ABE-Ea/day) exhibited the best suppressive effect on colon carcinogenesis and prevented preneoplastic mucin-depleted foci (MDF) formation. Moreover, RAS and Ets2 oncogenes were significantly down-regulated in this group compared to the negative control group, whereas Wee1, a gene involved in the cell cycle, was up-regulated. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression was significantly suppressed in all colons receiving the ABE-Ea, indicating that ABE-Ea delayed carcinogenesis by suppressing chronic inflammation. ABE-Ea included considerable a proportion of phenolic compounds, and ferulic acid was the major phenolic acid (5206 microg/g ABE-Ea) on the basis of HPLC analysis. Results from this study suggest that ABE-Ea suppressed DMH-indued preneoplastic lesions of the colon in F344 rats and that ferulic acid may be one of the active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pei Chung
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food and Biomolecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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80
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Lin LJ, Hsiao ESL, Tseng HS, Chung MC, Chua ACN, Kuo ME, Tzen JTC. Molecular cloning, mass spectrometric identification, and nutritional evaluation of 10 coixins in adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:10916-10921. [PMID: 19919123 DOI: 10.1021/jf903025n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is regarded as a nutritive food source as well as herbal medicine. The food nutrition is a consequence of its high protein content and superior amino acid composition. From ca. 200 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences in maturing adlay grains, clones encoding precursor polypeptides of 10 seed storage proteins in the prolamin family, including 8 alpha-coixin isoforms, 1 delta-coixin, and 1 gamma-coixin, were identified. Full-length cDNA fragments encoding these 10 coixins were obtained by PCR cloning. Mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of these 10 coixins in the extract of adlay grain. Calculated amino acid compositions indicate that all 10 coixins are rich in glutamine (>20% in alpha-coixin isoforms, 13.3% in delta-coixin, and 31.2% in gamma-coixin). The 8 alpha-coixin isoforms are low in methionine, cysteine, and lysine (on average, 0.8, 0.6, and 0.1%, respectively). However, the delta-coixin is a sulfur-rich protein (18.2% methionine and 9.1% cysteine), and the gamma-coixin is a nutritive protein composed of 2.0% methionine, 6.6% cysteine, 2.6% lysine, and 8.9% histidine. The company of delta-coixin and gamma-coixin with alpha-coixin isoforms enhances the nutritional value of alday grain for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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81
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Huang DW, Kuo YH, Lin FY, Lin YL, Chiang W. Effect of Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) Testa and its phenolic components on Cu2+-treated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2259-2266. [PMID: 19243096 DOI: 10.1021/jf803255p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of adlay testa (AT) on Cu(2+)-treated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging capacity, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and determine its active components. The AT ethanolic extract (ATE) was partitioned into four fractions by various solvents as follows: n-hexane (ATE-Hex), ethyl acetate (ATE-Ea), n-butanol (ATE-Bu), and water (ATE-H(2)O). ATE-Ea and ATE-Bu were further fractionated into ATE-Ea-a-ATE-Ea-h and ATE-Bu-A-ATE-Bu-F, respectively, by column chromatography. Results showed that ATE-Ea, ATE-Bu, ATE-Ea-e, and ATE-Bu-C expressed antiradical, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities with respect to the DPPH-scavenging capacity, LDL protection effect, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Inflammation was further modulated by ATE-Ea, ATE-Bu, ATE-Ea-e, and ATE-Bu-C through downregulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) proteins. The following components were found in ATE-Ea-e and ATE-Bu-C after purification and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis: chlorogenic acid (CGA), vanillic acid (VA), caffeic acid (CA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), ferulic acid (FA), and 2-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-4((2)H)-benzoxazin-3-one (GMBO). Results showed that CGA, CA, and FA were the major components responsible for the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of ATE-Ea-e and ATE-Bu-C. Subsequently, each gram of ATE-Bu-C had 30.3 mg of CGA, 9.02 mg of CA, and 189 mg of GMBO, while each gram of ATE-Ea-e had 1.31 mg of VA, 3.89 mg of PCA, and 47.6 microg of FA. In conclusion, ATE has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and its effects are partially related to its phenolic components. Thus, ATE has the potential to be developed as a functional food targeting chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Din-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food and Biomolecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hsia SM, Kuo YH, Chiang W, Wang PS. Effects of adlay hull extracts on uterine contraction and Ca2+ mobilization in the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E719-26. [PMID: 18577689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90367.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is directly related to elevated PGF(2alpha) levels. It is treated with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Western medicine. Since NSAIDs produce many side effects, Chinese medicinal therapy is considered as a feasible alternative medicine. Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treating dysmenorrhea. However, the relationship between smooth muscle contraction and adlay extracts remains veiled. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in the rat uterus by measuring uterine contraction activity and recording the intrauterine pressure. We studied the in vivo and in vitro effects of the methanolic extracts of adlay hull (AHM) on uterine smooth muscle contraction. The extracts were fractionated using four different solvents: water, 1-butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane; the four respective fractions were AHM-Wa, AHM-Bu, AHM-EA, and AHM-Hex. AHM-EA and its subfractions (175 microg/ml) inhibited uterine contractions induced by PGF(2alpha), the Ca(2+) channel activator Bay K 8644, and high K(+) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. AHM-EA also inhibited PGF(2alpha)-induced uterine contractions in vivo; furthermore, 375 microg/ml of AHM-EA inhibited the Ca(2+)-dependent uterine contractions. Thus 375 microg/ml of AHM-EA consistently suppressed the increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations induced by PGF(2alpha) and high K(+). We also demonstrated that naringenin and quercetin are the major pure chemical components of AHM-EA that inhibit PGF(2alpha)-induced uterine contractions. Thus AHM-EA probably inhibited uterine contraction by blocking external Ca(2+) influx, leading to a decrease in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Thus adlay hull may be considered as a feasible alternative therapeutic agent for dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Min Hsia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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