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Tabeshpour J, Hosseinzadeh H, Hashemzaei M, Karimi G. A review of the hepatoprotective effects of hesperidin, a flavanon glycoside in citrus fruits, against natural and chemical toxicities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:305-317. [PMID: 32277430 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Liver is the most important and functional organ in the body to metabolize and detoxify endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. The major goal of the present narrative review is to assess the hepatoprotective properties of hesperidin against a variety of natural and chemical hepatotoxins via different mechanisms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Scientific databases such as Scopus, Medline, Web of Science and Google scholar were thoroughly searched, based on different keywords. RESULTS A variety of natural hepatotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide, concanavalin A and microcystins, and chemical hepatotoxins such as ethanol, acrylamide and carbon tetrachloride have been shown to damage hepatocytes as well as other liver cells. In addition to hepatocytes, ethanol can also damage liver hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells. In this regard, the flavanone hesperidin, occur in the rind of citrus fruits, had been demonstrated to possess widespread pharmacological properties. Hesperidin exerts its hepatoprotective properties via different mechanisms including elevation in the activities of nuclear factor-like 2/antioxidant response element and heme oxygenase 1 as well as the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, reduction in the levels of high-mobility group box 1 protein, inhibitor of kappa B protein-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and C-reactive protein are some other important hesperidin-derived hepatoprotective mechanisms. CONCLUSION Based on several research papers, it could be concluded that hesperidin is able to protect against liver damage from inflammation and/or oxidative stress-mediated natural and chemical toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Tabeshpour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran.
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Salazar JR, Loza-Mejía MA, Soto-Cabrera D. Chemistry, Biological Activities and In Silico Bioprospection of Sterols and Triterpenes from Mexican Columnar Cactaceae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071649. [PMID: 32260146 PMCID: PMC7180492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cactaceae family is an important source of triterpenes and sterols. The wide uses of those plants include food, gathering, medicinal, and live fences. Several studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many bioactive compounds. This review is focused on the chemistry and biological properties of sterols and triterpenes isolated mainly from some species with columnar and arborescent growth forms of Mexican Cactaceae. Regarding the biological properties of those compounds, apart from a few cases, their molecular mechanisms displayed are not still fully understand. To contribute to the above, computational chemistry tools have given a boost to traditional methods used in natural products research, allowing a more comprehensive exploration of chemistry and biological activities of isolated compounds and extracts. From this information an in silico bioprospection was carried out. The results suggest that sterols and triterpenoids present in Cactaceae have interesting substitution patterns that allow them to interact with some bio targets related to inflammation, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative processes. Thus, they should be considered as attractive leads for the development of drugs for the management of chronic degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodrigo Salazar
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.A.L.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-5278-9500 (J.R.S. & M.A.L.-M.)
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.A.L.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-5278-9500 (J.R.S. & M.A.L.-M.)
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Shirani K, Yousefsani BS, Shirani M, Karimi G. Protective effects of naringin against drugs and chemical toxins induced hepatotoxicity: A review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1734-1744. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Shirani
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Bahare Sadat Yousefsani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- School of Persian MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Tanimoto A, Witaicenis A, Caruso ÍP, Piva HM, Araujo GC, Moraes FR, Fossey MC, Cornélio ML, Souza FP, Di Stasi LC. 4-Methylesculetin, a natural coumarin with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity, elicits a glutathione antioxidant response by different mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Targeting Ovarian Cancer Cell Cytotoxic Drug Resistance Phenotype with Xanthium strumarium L. Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6073019. [PMID: 31827554 PMCID: PMC6885198 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6073019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging drugs aim at targeting the genomic integrity and replication machinery in ovarian cancer. While the antiproliferative activity of Xanthium strumarium L. extract (XFC), a traditional herbal medicine, is believed to alter the mitotic apparatus of Chinese hamster ovary epithelial cells, its capacity to target and overcome the chemoresistance phenotype in ovarian cancer is unknown. Among the cancer cell lines tested, we found that the best proliferation inhibitory effect for XFC was against ovarian cancer cells and ranged from 30 to 35 μg/mL. XFC efficiently targeted both the cytotoxic drug chemoresistance phenotype of SKOV-3 cells and of the chemosensitive ES-2 cells. Early apoptosis and late apoptosis were effectively induced by XFC extract in ES-2 cells, whereas late apoptosis and necrosis events were triggered in SKOV-3 cells. Cell cycling regulation was trapped by XFC extract in the G2/M phase in both the ES-2 and SKOV-3 cell models. This effect was, in part, attributable to increased dose-dependent tubulin polymerization, which was increased in SKOV-3 cells. Whereas XFC extract triggered poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in both ES-2 and SKOV-3 cells, it only lowered Nrf2 in ES-2 cells and phosphorylated Akt levels in SKOV-3 cells. Interestingly, cell cycling regulators Cdk4, Cyclin D3, and p27 were all decreased in SKOV-3 cells. XFC extracts were effective in inhibiting in vitro migration in both ovarian cancer cell models. Our data support the potential anticancer targeting of chemoresistant human ovarian cancer cells phenotype by XFC extract.
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Liao F, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhao D, Peng W, Wang W, Feng S. The size-dependent genotoxic potentials of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1199-1207. [PMID: 31294929 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research activities, there are still many major knowledge gaps over the potential adverse effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 -NPs), one of the most widely produced and used nanoparticles, on human cardiovascular health and the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus test were employed to determine the genotoxic potentials of four sizes (100, 50, 30, and 10 nm) of anatase TiO2 -NPs to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture. Also, the intracellular redox statuses were explored through the measurement of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) with kits, respectively. Meanwhile, the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were also detected by western blot. The results showed that at the exposed levels (1, 5, and 25 μg/mL), all the four sizes of TiO2 -NPs could elicit an increase of both DNA damage and MN frequency in HUVECs in culture, with a positive dose-dependent and negative size-dependent effect relationship (T100 < T50 < T30 < T10). Also, increased levels of intracellular ROS, but decreased levels of GSH, were found in all the TiO2 -NP-treated groups. Intriguingly, a very similar manner of dose-dependent and size-dependent effect relationship was observed between the ROS test and both comet assay and MN test, but contrary to that of GSH assay. Correspondingly, the levels of Nrf2 protein were also elevated in the TiO2 -NP-exposed HUVECs, with an inversely size-dependent effect relationship. These findings indicated that induction of oxidative stress and subsequent genotoxicity might be an important biological mechanism by which TiO2 -NP exposure would cause detrimental effects to human cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liao
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuanfeng Liu
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dongting Zhao
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenyi Peng
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wuxiang Wang
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaolong Feng
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolism and oxidoreductive homeostasis: a new perspective for understanding the effects of bioactive dietary compounds. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 33:90-101. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMitochondria play an important role in a number of fundamental cellular processes, including energy production, biosynthetic pathways and cellular oxidoreductive homeostasis (redox status), and their dysfunction can lead to numerous pathophysiological consequences. As the biochemical mechanisms orchestrating mitochondrial metabolism and redox homeostasis are functionally linked, mitochondria have been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Consequently, considerable effort has been made to evaluate the efficacy of natural compounds that modulate mitochondrial function. Molecules produced by plants (for example, polyphenols and isothiocyanates) have been shown to modulate mitochondrial metabolism/biogenesis and redox status; however, despite the existence of a functional link, few studies have considered the combined efficacy of these mitochondrial functions. The present review provides a complete overview of the molecular pathways involved in modulating mitochondrial metabolism/biogenesis and redox status. Crosstalk between these critical mechanisms is also discussed, whilst major data from the literature regarding their antioxidant abilities are described and critically analysed. We also provide a summary of recent evidence regarding the ability of several plant-derived compounds to target these mitochondrial functions. An in-depth understanding of the functional link between mitochondrial metabolism/biogenesis and redox status could facilitate the analysis of the biological effects of natural compounds as well as the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kanara I, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Kodukula K, Zamboni RJ. Epigenetic treatment of dermatologic disorders. Drug Dev Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of PharmacyUniversity of California, San Francisco San Francisco California
- ShangPharma Innovation Inc. South San Francisco California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of MedicineBoston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts
- Cancer Research CenterBoston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of OphthalmologyNew York University School of Medicine New York City New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University Auburn Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health SciencesBoston University Boston Massachusetts
- Department of AnatomyBoston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Beetham Eye InstituteJoslin Diabetes Center Boston Massachusetts
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research CenterBoston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc. Natick Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis LaboratoryMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston Massachusetts
- Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Krishna Kodukula
- ShangPharma Innovation Inc. South San Francisco California
- PhenoMatriX, Inc. Natick Massachusetts
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Nunes Dos Santos K, Florentino RM, França A, Lima Filho ACM, Santos MLD, Missiaggia D, Fonseca MDC, Brasil Costa I, Vidigal PVT, Nathanson MH, Lemos FDO, Leite MF. Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of NFE2L2 Gene Is a Genetic Marker of Susceptibility to Cirrhosis Associated with Alcohol Abuse. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3589. [PMID: 31340446 PMCID: PMC6678089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a highly prevalent spectrum of pathologies caused by alcohol overconsumption. Morbidity and mortality related to ALD are increasing worldwide, thereby demanding strategies for early diagnosis and detection of ALD predisposition. A potential candidate as a marker for ALD susceptibility is the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), codified by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 gene (NFE2L2). Nrf2 regulates expression of proteins that protect against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by alcohol overconsumption. Here, we assessed genetic variants of NFE2L2 for association with ALD. Specimens from patients diagnosed with cirrhosis caused by ALD were genotyped for three NFE2L2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (SNPs: rs35652124, rs4893819, and rs6721961). Hematoxylin & eosin and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the inflammatory score and Nrf2 expression, respectively. SNPs rs4893819 and rs6721961 were not specifically associated with ALD, but analysis of SNP rs35652124 suggested that this polymorphism predisposes to ALD. Furthermore, SNP rs35652124 was associated with a lower level of Nrf2 expression. Moreover, liver samples from ALD patients with this polymorphism displayed more severe inflammatory activity. Together, these findings provide evidence that the SNP rs35652124 variation in the Nrf2-encoding gene NFE2L2 is a potential genetic marker for susceptibility to ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andressa França
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dabny Missiaggia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Igor Brasil Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Evandro Chagas - IEC, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil
| | | | - Michael H Nathanson
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - M Fatima Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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Akiyama M, Unoki T, Shinkai Y, Ishii I, Ida T, Akaike T, Yamamoto M, Kumagai Y. Environmental Electrophile-Mediated Toxicity in Mice Lacking Nrf2, CSE, or Both. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:67002. [PMID: 31166132 PMCID: PMC6794492 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a key role in detoxification of electrophiles via formation of glutathione (GSH) adducts and subsequent excretion into extracellular spaces. We found that reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as cysteine persulfides produced by cystathionine [Formula: see text] (CSE), capture environmental electrophiles through formation of sulfur adducts. However, contributions of Nrf2 and CSE to the blockage of environmental electrophile-mediated toxicity remain to be evaluated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to clarify roles that CSE and Nrf2 play in the protection against various environmental electrophiles. We also wished to clarify the molecular basis of the developmental window of toxicity through investigating expression levels of Nrf2, RSS-producing enzymes, and sulfur nucleophiles during developmental stages of mice. METHODS Wild-type (WT), CSE knockout (KO), Nrf2 KO, Nrf2/CSE double KO (DKO) mice, and their primary hepatocytes were analyzed in this study. Cadmium (Cd), methylmercury (MeHg), 1,4-naphthoquinone, crotonaldehyde, and acrylamide were used. We conducted Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-triphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis, alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, histopathological analysis, and rotarod test. RESULTS Primary hepatocytes from DKO mice were significantly more sensitive to the environmental electrophiles than each single KO counterpart. Both Nrf2 and CSE single KO mice were highly susceptible to Cd and MeHg, and such sensitivity was further exacerbated in the DKO mice. Lower-level expressions of CSE and sulfur nucleophiles than those in adult mice were observed in a window of developmental stage. CONCLUSIONS Our mouse model provided new insights into the response to environmental electrophiles; while Nrf2 is recognized as a key transcription factor for detoxification of environmental electrophiles, CSE is crucial factor to repress their toxicity in a parallel mode. In addition, the sensitivity of fetuses to MeHg appears to be, at least in part, associated with the restricted production of RSS due to low-level expression of CSE. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Akiyama
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Unoki
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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The effect of medicinal plants on multiple drug resistance through autophagy: A review of in vitro studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:244-253. [PMID: 30965056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) often occurs after prolonged chemotherapy, leading to refractory tumor and cancer recurrence. Autophagy as a primarily process during starvation or stress has a bipolar nature in cancer. It can cause MDR to become more difficult or make resistant cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents. A number of natural products have been introduced to drug discovery for many years. Some of these compounds have been shown to reverse drug resistance by different regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the focus is on the role of medicinal plants in the MDR phenomenon, primarily through the autophagy process.
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Valokola MG, Karimi G, Razavi BM, Kianfar M, Jafarian AH, Jaafari MR, Imenshahidi M. The protective activity of nanomicelle curcumin in bisphenol A-induced cardiotoxicity following subacute exposure in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:319-329. [PMID: 30496632 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic compound, is used in manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, is a potent protective compound against cardiac diseases. In this study the protective effect of nanomicelle curcumin on BPA-induced subchronic cardiotoxicity in rats was evaluated. Rats were divided into 6 groups including control, nanomicelle curcumin (50 mg/kg, gavage), BPA (50 mg/kg, gavage), nanomicelle curcumin (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) plus BPA. The treatments were continued for 4 weeks. Results revealed that BPA significantly induced histophatological injuries including focal lymphatic inflammation, nuclear degenerative changes and cytoplasmic vacuolation, increased body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, malondialdehyde and Creatine phosphokinase-MB level and decreased glutathione content in comparison with control group. In addition, in electrocardiographic graph, RR, QT, and PQ intervals were increased by BPA. Western blot analysis showed that BPA up-regulated phosphorylated p38 (p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase) and JNK (c-jun NH2 terminal kinases), while down-regulated phosphorylated AKT (Protein Kinase B) and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2). However, nanomicelle curcumin (50 mg/kg) significantly improved these toxic effects of BPA in rat heart tissue. The results provide evidence that nanomicelle curcumin showed preventive effects on subchronic exposure to BPA induced toxicity in the heart tissue in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gorji Valokola
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Kianfar
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Jafarian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hepatoprotective activity of metformin: A new mission for an old drug? Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 850:1-7. [PMID: 30753869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, as a dimethyl biguanide prescribed as the first-line medication for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is one of the most frequently used drugs, worldwide. However, the beneficial effects of metformin are not limited to insulin sensitizing and blood glucose lowering effects as recent clinical trials deciphered lower cancer risk in metformin users. In addition, metformin protected the liver against chemical or viral hepatotoxicants through various mechanisms including activation of AMPK via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibition of Smads phosphorylation. Clinical trials are under way to assess possible additive effects of metformin when co-administered along with the standard regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms behind protective activity of metformin against different liver diseases.
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Potì F, Santi D, Spaggiari G, Zimetti F, Zanotti I. Polyphenol Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E351. [PMID: 30654461 PMCID: PMC6359281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that polyphenol-enriched diets may have beneficial effects against the development of degenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis and disorders affecting the central nervous system. This activity has been associated not only with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but also with additional mechanisms, such as the modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota function. However, long-term studies on humans provided controversial results, making the prediction of polyphenol impact on health uncertain. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and critical analysis of the literature related to the effects of the principal dietary polyphenols on cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. We critically considered and meta-analyzed randomized controlled clinical trials involving subjects taking polyphenol-based supplements. Although some polyphenols might improve specific markers of cardiovascular risk and cognitive status, many inconsistent data are present in literature. Therefore, definitive recommendations for the use of these compounds in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline are currently not applicable. Once pivotal aspects for the definition of polyphenol bioactivity, such as the characterization of pharmacokinetics and safety, are addressed, it will be possible to have a clear picture of the realistic potential of polyphenols for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Potì
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Unità di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, via Volturno 39/F, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Unità di Endocrinologia, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicine Specialistiche-Unità di Endocrinologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, via Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Dipartimento di Medicine Specialistiche-Unità di Endocrinologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, via Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Lv H, Hong L, Tian Y, Yin C, Zhu C, Feng H. Corilagin alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via enhancing the AMPK/GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:2. [PMID: 30630510 PMCID: PMC6327405 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is mainly resulted from uncontrolled oxidative stress. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key antioxidant transcription factor, is essential for alleviating APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Corilagin (Cori) is a natural polyphenol compound that possesses effective antioxidant activity; however, the protective effect of Cori on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is still unknown. The current study aimed to explore whether Cori could mitigate hepatotoxicity caused by APAP and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Methods Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, Western blotting analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, a mouse model, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout technology, and hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining were employed to explore the mechanisms by which Cori exerts a protective effect on hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and in a mouse model. Results Our findings suggested that Cori efficiently decreased APAP-triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in HepG2 cells. Additionally, Cori significantly induced the expression of several antioxidant enzymes, and this induced expression was closely linked to the upregulation of Nrf2, inhibition of Keap1 protein expression, and promotion of antioxidant response element (ARE) activity in HepG2 cells. Moreover, Cori clearly induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Furthermore, Cori-mediated GSK3β inactivation, Nrf2 upregulation and cytoprotection were abolished by an AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) in HepG2 cells. Lastly, we found that Cori inhibited APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and mediated the expression of many antioxidant enzymes; these results were reversed in Nrf2 −/− HepG2 cells. In vivo, Cori significantly protected against APAP-induced ALF by reducing mortality and alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, attenuating histopathological liver changes, inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content and GSH-to-GSSG ratio as well as suppressing c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. However, Cori-induced reductions in mortality, AST and ALT levels, and histopathological liver changes induced by APAP were clearly abrogated in Nrf2-deficienct mice. Conclusions These findings principally indicated that Cori effectively protects against APAP-induced ALF via the upregulation of the AMPK/GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333#, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Hong
- Endodontic Department of Stomatological Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333#, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiu Yin
- Women and Children's Health Hospital of Jilin Province, 1051 Jianzheng Street, Changchun, 130061, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333#, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Hedayati N, Naeini MB, Nezami A, Hosseinzadeh H, Wallace Hayes A, Hosseini S, Imenshahidi M, Karimi G. Protective effect of lycopene against chemical and natural toxins: A review. Biofactors 2019; 45:5-23. [PMID: 30339717 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
People are exposed to a number of environmental, occupational, and therapeutic toxic agents which may be natural or man made. These hazardous substances may manifest as direct side effects on the function of organs or indirectly induced alteration of gene expression, cancer-associated metabolic pathways, and/or alter homeostasis. Lycopene, as a one of the most potent antioxidant, is found in fruits and vegetables. High-intake of lycopene has been shown to be effective in decreasing the risk of both natural toxins including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and chemical toxins including heavy metals, pesticides as well as herbicides. Recently, there is growing attention in understanding the mechanisms of the phytochemicals and carotenoids as antioxidative, antiapoptotic, radical scavenging, and chelating agents and their roles in the modulation of inflammatory pathways. This review summarizes available data from several recent studies about lycopene and its role against chemical and natural toxicants. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):5-23, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hedayati
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehri Bemani Naeini
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Nezami
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA
- Michigan State University Institute for Integrative Toxicology, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sarasadat Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Fan X, Lv H, Wang L, Deng X, Ci X. Isoorientin Ameliorates APAP-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Activation Nrf2 Antioxidative Pathway: The Involvement of AMPK/Akt/GSK3β. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1334. [PMID: 30546306 PMCID: PMC6279939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been highlighted as therapeutic targets for acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Isoorientin (Iso), a well-known flavonoid-like compound, has been shown to have antioxidant potential. However, the effect of Iso on APAP-induced liver injury has not yet been elucidated. The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of Iso and its underlying mechanism. C57BL/6J mice were used to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Iso in vivo and HepG2 cells were utilized to further decipher the mechanisms of Iso -induced Nrf2 activation. We found that Iso treatment significantly reduced APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing the lethality, histopathological liver changes, and alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in serum. These effects were accompanied by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and myeloperoxidase level (MPO), and by decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Moreover, Iso induced Nrf2 activation and translocation as well as upstream AMPK/Akt/GSK3β activation. Furthermore, Iso effectively alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing c-jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and translocation, Bax mitochondrial translocation, and apoptosis-inducing factor and cytochrome c release. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the activation of Nrf2 by Iso via the AMPK/Akt/GSK3β pathway contributed to the hepatoprotective activity of Iso in vitro. In addition, the Iso-mediated inhibition of APAP-induced the lethality, histopathological changes and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in WT mice was nearly absent in Nrf2-/- mice. In summary, Iso ameliorated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by activating Nrf2 via the AMPK/Akt/GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Fan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongming Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Ci
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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