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Maraldo MV, Ng AK. Minimizing Cardiac Risks With Contemporary Radiation Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:208-10. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.64.6588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea K. Ng
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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van Nimwegen FA, Schaapveld M, Cutter DJ, Janus CP, Krol AD, Hauptmann M, Kooijman K, Roesink J, van der Maazen R, Darby SC, Aleman BM, van Leeuwen FE. Radiation Dose-Response Relationship for Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:235-43. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.63.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cardiovascular diseases are increasingly recognized as late effects of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and to quantify the effects of radiation dose to the heart, chemotherapy, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and Methods We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 2,617 5-year HL survivors, treated between 1965 and 1995. Cases were patients diagnosed with CHD as their first cardiovascular event after HL. Detailed treatment information was collected from medical records of 325 cases and 1,204 matched controls. Radiation charts and simulation radiographs were used to estimate in-field heart volume and mean heart dose (MHD). A risk factor questionnaire was sent to patients still alive. Results The median interval between HL and CHD was 19.0 years. Risk of CHD increased linearly with increasing MHD (excess relative risk [ERR]) per Gray, 7.4%; 95% CI, 3.3% to 14.8%). This results in a 2.5-fold increased risk of CHD for patients receiving a MHD of 20 Gy from mediastinal radiotherapy, compared with patients not treated with mediastinal radiotherapy. ERRs seemed to decrease with each tertile of age at treatment (ERR/Gy<27.5years, 20.0%; ERR/Gy27.5-36.4years, 8.8%; ERR/Gy36.5-50.9years, 4.2%; Pinteraction = .149). Having ≥ 1 classic CHD risk factor (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia) independently increased CHD risk (rate ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1). A high level of physical activity was associated with decreased CHD risk (rate ratio, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8). Conclusion The linear radiation dose-response relationship identified can be used to predict CHD risk for future HL patients and survivors. Appropriate early management of CHD risk factors and stimulation of physical activity may reduce CHD risk in HL survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Michael Schaapveld
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - David J. Cutter
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Cècile P.M. Janus
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Augustinus D.G. Krol
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Karen Kooijman
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Judith Roesink
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Richard van der Maazen
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Sarah C. Darby
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Berthe M.P. Aleman
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
| | - Flora E. van Leeuwen
- Frederika A. van Nimwegen, Michael Schaapveld, Michael Hauptmann, Karen Kooijman, Berthe M.P. Aleman, and Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Michael Schaapveld, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization; Judith Roesink, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Cècile P.M. Janus, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam; Augustinus D.G. Krol, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Richard van der Maazen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; David J
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Specht L. Does Radiation Have a Role in Advanced Stage Hodgkin’s or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2016; 17:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-015-0377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gujral DM, Lloyd G, Bhattacharyya S. Radiation-induced valvular heart disease. Heart 2015; 102:269-76. [PMID: 26661320 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation to the mediastinum is a key component of treatment with curative intent for a range of cancers including Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer. Exposure to radiation is associated with a risk of radiation-induced heart valve damage characterised by valve fibrosis and calcification. There is a latent interval of 10-20 years between radiation exposure and development of clinically significant heart valve disease. Risk is related to radiation dose received, interval from exposure and use of concomitant chemotherapy. Long-term outlook and the risk of valve surgery are related to the effects of radiation on mediastinal structures including pulmonary fibrosis and pericardial constriction. Dose prediction models to predict the risk of heart valve disease in the future and newer radiation techniques to reduce the radiation dose to the heart are being developed. Surveillance strategies for this cohort of cancer survivors at risk of developing significant heart valve complications are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy M Gujral
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Guy Lloyd
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Bart's Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK Valvular Heart Disease Clinic, Bart's Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sanjeev Bhattacharyya
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Bart's Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK Valvular Heart Disease Clinic, Bart's Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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FDG-PET and radiotherapy in lymphoma. Clin Transl Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-015-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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56
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The concept and evolution of involved site radiation therapy for lymphoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2015; 20:849-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-015-0863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Filippi AR, Ragona R, Piva C, Scafa D, Fiandra C, Fusella M, Giglioli FR, Lohr F, Ricardi U. Optimized volumetric modulated arc therapy versus 3D-CRT for early stage mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma without axillary involvement: a comparison of second cancers and heart disease risk. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:161-8. [PMID: 25863763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risks of second cancers and cardiovascular diseases associated with an optimized volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning solution in a selected cohort of stage I/II Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients treated with either involved-node or involved-site radiation therapy in comparison with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty-eight patients (13 males and 25 females) were included. Disease extent was mediastinum alone (n=8, 21.1%); mediastinum plus unilateral neck (n=19, 50%); mediastinum plus bilateral neck (n=11, 29.9%). Prescription dose was 30 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. Only 5 patients had mediastinal bulky disease at diagnosis (13.1%). Anteroposterior 3D-CRT was compared with a multiarc optimized VMAT solution. Lung, breast, and thyroid cancer risks were estimated by calculating a lifetime attributable risk (LAR), with a LAR ratio (LAR(VMAT)-to-LAR(3D-CRT)) as a comparative measure. Cardiac toxicity risks were estimated by calculating absolute excess risk (AER). RESULTS The LAR ratio favored 3D-CRT for lung cancer induction risk in mediastinal alone (P=.004) and mediastinal plus unilateral neck (P=.02) presentations. LAR ratio for breast cancer was lower for VMAT in mediastinal plus bilateral neck presentations (P=.02), without differences for other sites. For thyroid cancer, no significant differences were observed, regardless of anatomical presentation. A significantly lower AER of cardiac (P=.038) and valvular diseases (P<.0001) was observed for VMAT regardless of disease extent. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of patients with favorable characteristics in terms of disease extent at diagnosis (large prevalence of nonbulky presentations without axillary involvement), optimized VMAT reduced heart disease risk with comparable risks of thyroid and breast cancer, with an increase in lung cancer induction probability. The results are however strongly influenced by the different anatomical presentations, supporting an individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Ragona
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Piva
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Scafa
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Christian Fiandra
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Fusella
- Medical Physics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Frank Lohr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Cutter DJ, Schaapveld M, Darby SC, Hauptmann M, van Nimwegen FA, Krol ADG, Janus CPM, van Leeuwen FE, Aleman BMP. Risk of valvular heart disease after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv008. [PMID: 25713164 PMCID: PMC4394894 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are at increased risk of developing valvular heart disease (VHD). We evaluated the determinants of the risk and the radiation dose-response. METHODS A case-control study was nested in a cohort of 1852 five-year HL survivors diagnosed at ages 15 to 41 years and treated between 1965 and 1995. Case patients had VHD of at least moderate severity as their first cardiovascular diagnosis following HL treatment. Control patients were matched to case patients for age, gender, and HL diagnosis date. Treatment and follow-up data were abstracted from medical records. Radiation doses to heart valves were estimated by reconstruction of individual treatments on representative computed tomography datasets. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Eighty-nine case patients with VHD were identified (66 severe or life-threatening) and 200 control patients. Aortic (n = 63) and mitral valves (n = 42) were most frequently affected. Risks increased more than linearly with radiation dose. For doses to the affected valve(s) of less than or equal to 30, 31-35, 36-40, and more than 40 Gy, VHD rates increased by factors of 1.4, 3.1, 5.4, and 11.8, respectively (P trend < .001). Approximate 30-year cumulative risks were 3.0%, 6.4%, 9.3%, and 12.4% for the same dose categories. VHD rate increased with splenectomy by a factor of 2.3 (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Radiation dose to the heart valves can increase the risk of clinically significant VHD, especially at doses above 30 Gy. However, for patients with mediastinal involvement treated today with 20 or 30 Gy, the 30-year risk will be increased by only about 1.4%. These findings may be useful for patients and doctors both before treatment and during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cutter
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA)
| | - Michael Schaapveld
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA)
| | - Sarah C Darby
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA)
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA)
| | - Frederika A van Nimwegen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA)
| | - Augustinus D G Krol
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA)
| | - Cecile P M Janus
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA)
| | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA)
| | - Berthe M P Aleman
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DJC, SCD); Department of Psychosocial Research, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MS, MH, FAvN, FEvL); Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (ADGK); Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (CPMJ); Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands (BMPA).
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Maraldo MV, Specht L. A Decade of Comparative Dose Planning Studies for Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: What Can We Learn? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 90:1126-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Pieters RS, Wagner H, Baker S, Morano K, Ulin K, Cicchetti MG, Bishop-Jodoin M, FitzGerald TJ. The impact of protocol assignment for older adolescents with hodgkin lymphoma. Front Oncol 2014; 4:317. [PMID: 25506581 PMCID: PMC4246660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment has evolved to reduce or avoid radiotherapy (RT) dose and volume and minimize the potential for late effects. Some older adolescents are treated on adult protocols. The purpose of this study is to examine the protocol assignment of older adolescents and its impact on radiation dose to relevant thoracic structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cooperative group data were reviewed and 12 adolescents were randomly selected from a pediatric HL protocol. Treatment plans were generated per one pediatric and two adult protocols. Dose volume histograms for heart, lung, and breast allowed comparison of radiation dose to these sites across these three protocols. RESULTS A total of 15.2% of adolescents were treated on adult HL protocols and received significantly higher radiation dosage to heart and lung compared to pediatric HL protocols. Adolescents treated on either pediatric or adult protocols received similar RT dose to breast. CONCLUSION Older adolescents treated on adult HL protocols received higher RT dose to thoracic structures except breast. Level of nodal involvement may impact overall RT dose to breast. The impact of varying field design and RT dose on survival, local, and late effects needs further study for this vulnerable age group. Adolescents, young adults, Hodgkin lymphoma, RT, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Pieters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care System , Worcester, MA , USA
| | - Henry Wagner
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences and Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA , USA
| | - Karen Morano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Quality Assurance Review Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Lincoln, RI , USA
| | - Kenneth Ulin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care System , Worcester, MA , USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Quality Assurance Review Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Lincoln, RI , USA
| | - Maria Giulia Cicchetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care System , Worcester, MA , USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Quality Assurance Review Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Lincoln, RI , USA
| | - Maryann Bishop-Jodoin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Quality Assurance Review Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Lincoln, RI , USA
| | - Thomas J FitzGerald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care System , Worcester, MA , USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Quality Assurance Review Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Lincoln, RI , USA
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Cella L, Palma G, Deasy JO, Oh JH, Liuzzi R, D’Avino V, Conson M, Pugliese N, Picardi M, Salvatore M, Pacelli R. Complication probability models for radiation-induced heart valvular dysfunction: do heart-lung interactions play a role? PLoS One 2014; 9:e111753. [PMID: 25360627 PMCID: PMC4216137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare different normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for predicting heart valve dysfunction (RVD) following thoracic irradiation. Methods All patients from our institutional Hodgkin lymphoma survivors database with analyzable datasets were included (n = 90). All patients were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with a median total dose of 32 Gy. The cardiac toxicity profile was available for each patient. Heart and lung dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were extracted and both organs were considered for Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) and Relative Seriality (RS) NTCP model fitting using maximum likelihood estimation. Bootstrap refitting was used to test the robustness of the model fit. Model performance was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Using only heart-DVHs, parameter estimates were, for the LKB model: D50 = 32.8 Gy, n = 0.16 and m = 0.67; and for the RS model: D50 = 32.4 Gy, s = 0.99 and γ = 0.42. AUC values were 0.67 for LKB and 0.66 for RS, respectively. Similar performance was obtained for models using only lung-DVHs (LKB: D50 = 33.2 Gy, n = 0.01, m = 0.19, AUC = 0.68; RS: D50 = 24.4 Gy, s = 0.99, γ = 2.12, AUC = 0.66). Bootstrap result showed that the parameter fits for lung-LKB were extremely robust. A combined heart-lung LKB model was also tested and showed a minor improvement (AUC = 0.70). However, the best performance was obtained using the previously determined multivariate regression model including maximum heart dose with increasing risk for larger heart and smaller lung volumes (AUC = 0.82). Conclusions The risk of radiation induced valvular disease cannot be modeled using NTCP models only based on heart dose-volume distribution. A predictive model with an improved performance can be obtained but requires the inclusion of heart and lung volume terms, indicating that heart-lung interactions are apparently important for this endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cella
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Joseph O. Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jung Hun Oh
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raffaele Liuzzi
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D’Avino
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Conson
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Novella Pugliese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Picardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Pacelli
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
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Aleman BM, Moser EC, Nuver J, Suter TM, Maraldo MV, Specht L, Vrieling C, Darby SC. Cardiovascular disease after cancer therapy. EJC Suppl 2014; 12:18-28. [PMID: 26217163 PMCID: PMC4250533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in treatment and earlier diagnosis have both contributed to increased survival for many cancer patients. Unfortunately, many treatments carry a risk of late effects including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), possibly leading to significant morbidity and mortality. In this paper we describe current knowledge of the cardiotoxicity arising from cancer treatments, outline gaps in knowledge, and indicate directions for future research and guideline development, as discussed during the 2014 Cancer Survivorship Summit organised by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Better knowledge is needed of the late effects of modern systemic treatments and of radiotherapy to critical structures of the heart, including the effect of both radiation dose and volume of the heart exposed. Research elucidating the extent to which treatments interact in causing CVD, and the mechanisms involved, as well as the extent to which treatments may increase CVD indirectly by increasing cardiovascular risk factors is also important. Systematic collection of data relating treatment details to late effects is needed, and great care is needed to obtain valid and generalisable results. Better knowledge of these cardiac effects will contribute to both primary and secondary prevention of late complications where exposure to cardiotoxic treatment is unavoidable. Also surrogate markers would help to identify patients at increased risk of cardiotoxicity. Evidence-based screening guidelines for CVD following cancer are also needed. Finally, risk prediction models should be developed to guide primary treatment choice and appropriate follow up after cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthe M.P. Aleman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C. Moser
- Department of Radiotherapy and Breast Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Janine Nuver
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M. Suter
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maja V. Maraldo
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Conny Vrieling
- Department of Radiotherapy, Clinique des Grangettes, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah C. Darby
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Maraldo M, Jørgensen M, Brodin N, Aznar M, Vogelius I, Petersen P, Berthelsen A, Christensen C, Hjalgrim L, Specht L. The impact of involved node, involved field and mantle field radiotherapy on estimated radiation doses and risk of late effects for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:717-22. [PMID: 24660228 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of radiotherapy (RT) is debated for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) due to the late effects of treatment. Radiation doses to the thyroid, heart, lungs, and breasts are compared with the extensive mantle field (MF), Involved Field RT(IFRT), Modified IFRT (mIFRT), and Involved Node RT (INRT) and the risk of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease, secondary cancers, and the corresponding Life Years Lost (LYL) is estimated with each technique. PROCEDURE INRT, mIFRT, IFRT, and MF plans (20 and 30 Gy) were simulated for 10 supradiaphragmatic, clinical stage I–II classical HL patients <18 years old, total of 4 x 2 plans for each patient. The lifetime excess risks of cardiac morbidity, cardiac mortality, lung, breast, and thyroid cancer with each technique were estimated. The estimated excess risks attributable to RT were based on HL series with long-term follow-up, treating death from other causes as competing risks. The corresponding LYL were derived from the estimated excess risks. Statistical analyses were performed with repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Both a reduction in field size and in prescribed radiation dose significantly lowered the estimated dose to the heart, lungs, breasts, and thyroid compared to past,extended fields, even for patients with mediastinal disease. This translated into a significantly reduced estimated risk of cardiovascular disease, secondary cancers, and LYL. CONCLUSIONS Involved Node Radiotherapy should be considered for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma since it is estimated to substantially lower the risk of severe long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.V. Maraldo
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Jørgensen
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N.P. Brodin
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University; Bronx New York
| | - M.C. Aznar
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Faculty of Sciences; Niels Bohr Institute; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - I.R. Vogelius
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P.M. Petersen
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Hematology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A.K. Berthelsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Nuclear Medicine and PET; Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C.B. Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Nuclear Medicine and PET; Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L.L. Hjalgrim
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. Specht
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Hematology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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65
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Maraldo M, Brodin N, Aznar M, Vogelius I, Munck af Rosenschöld P, Petersen P, Specht L. Doses to head and neck normal tissues for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma after involved node radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2014; 110:441-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Interactive Decision-Support Tool for Risk-Based Radiation Therapy Plan Comparison for Hodgkin Lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 88:433-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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67
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Cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy. Am J Cardiol 2013; 112:1688-96. [PMID: 24012026 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chest radiotherapy is routinely used to treat malignancies such as Hodgkin disease and breast cancer but is commonly associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications involving the pericardium, myocardium, valves, coronary arteries, and conduction system. Cardiovascular complications are related to the total dose of radiation and the fractionation of the dose. They are usually progressive, portend poor prognosis, and are often refractory to treatment after significant radiation exposure. The mechanism of injury is multifactorial and likely involves endothelial damage of the microvasculature and coronary arteries and liberation of multiple inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. In conclusion, routine follow-up with a cardiologist, which might include screening for valvular disease with echocardiography and coronary artery disease with computed tomography angiography or coronary artery calcium scoring, should be considered in patients with a history of chest radiotherapy.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Thoracic radiation remains an effective treatment for many types of neoplasms. The clinical benefit of radiation therapy on cancer mortality is counterbalanced by an increased risk of cardiovascular events in survivors. The long-term cardiovascular sequelae of thoracic radiation include premature coronary artery disease, valvular disease, pericardial disease, myocardial disease with systolic and especially diastolic dysfunction, and conduction system abnormalities. Radiation heart disease progresses over time and may manifest decades after the initial exposure. Since the risk of cardiac complications is significantly increased following chest irradiation, appropriate screening and long-term cardiac follow-up of these patients is essential. This article will summarize the pathophysiological features, clinical presentations, and current recommendations for screening and prevention of the wide spectrum of radiation induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negareh Mousavi
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Health Care Center, 30 The Queensway, Toronto, ON, Canada
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69
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Jørgensen AYS, Maraldo MV, Brodin NP, Aznar MC, Vogelius IR, Rosenschöld PMA, Petersen PM, Specht L. The effect on esophagus after different radiotherapy techniques for early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Acta Oncol 2013; 52:1559-65. [PMID: 24047340 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2013.813636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cure rate of early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is excellent; investigating the late effects of treatment is thus important. Esophageal toxicity is a known side effect in patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) to the mediastinum, although little is known of this in HL survivors. This study investigates the dose to the esophagus in the treatment of early stage HL using different RT techniques. Estimated risks of early esophagitis, esophageal stricture and cancer are compared between treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included 46 patients ≥ 15 years with supradiaphragmatic, clinical stage I-II HL, who received chemotherapy followed by involved node RT (INRT) to 30.6 Gy at our institution. INRT was planned with three-dimensional conformal RT (3DCRT). For each patient a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), proton therapy (PT) and mantle field (MF) treatment plan was simulated. Mean, maximum and minimum dose to the esophagus were extracted from the treatment plans. Risk estimates were based on dose-response models from clinical series with long-term follow-up. Statistical analyses were performed with repeated measures ANOVA using Bonferroni corrections. RESULTS Mean dose to the esophagus was 16.4, 16.4, 14.7 and 34.2 Gy (p < 0.001) with 3DCRT, VMAT, PT and MF treatment, respectively. No differences were seen in the estimated risk of developing esophagitis, stricture or cancer with 3DCRT compared to VMAT (p = 1.000, p = 1.000, p = 0.356). PT performed significantly better with the lowest risk estimates on all parameters compared to the photon treatments, except compared to 3DCRT for stricture (p = 0.066). On all parameters the modern techniques were superior to MF treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The estimated dose to the esophagus and the corresponding estimated risks of esophageal complications are decreased significantly with highly conformal RT compared to MF treatment. The number of patients presenting with late esophageal side effects will, thus, likely be minimal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Y S Jørgensen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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70
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Lipshultz SE, Adams MJ, Colan SD, Constine LS, Herman EH, Hsu DT, Hudson MM, Kremer LC, Landy DC, Miller TL, Oeffinger KC, Rosenthal DN, Sable CA, Sallan SE, Singh GK, Steinberger J, Cochran TR, Wilkinson JD. Long-term cardiovascular toxicity in children, adolescents, and young adults who receive cancer therapy: pathophysiology, course, monitoring, management, prevention, and research directions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013; 128:1927-95. [PMID: 24081971 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e3182a88099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Verhappen MH, Poortmans PMP, Raaijmakers E, Raemaekers JMM. Reduction of the treated volume to involved node radiation therapy as part of combined modality treatment for early stage aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Radiother Oncol 2013; 109:133-9. [PMID: 24021344 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This retrospective study investigated whether focused involved node radiation therapy (INRT) can safely replace involved field RT (IFRT) in patients with early stage aggressive NHL. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 258 patients with stage I/II aggressive NHL who received combined modality treatment (87%) or primary RT alone (13%). RT consisted of a total dose of 30-40 Gy in 15-20 fractions IFRT or INRT. We compared survival, relapse pattern, radiation-related toxicity and quality of life for both RT techniques. RESULTS Type of RT was not related to the outcome in either the uni- or multivariate survival analysis. Relapses developed in 59 of 252 patients (23%) of which 47 (80%) were documented as distant recurrence only. Failure of the INRT technique was noted in one patient. There was no significant difference in acute radiation-related toxicity between RT-groups but IFRT showed a significantly higher incidence of higher grade toxicities. Patients treated with INRT had a significantly better physical functioning and global quality of life compared to the IFRT group. CONCLUSIONS Given the retrospective nature of this study, no solid conclusions can be drawn. However, in view of the equivalent efficacy and more favorable toxicity profile, the replacement of IFRT by INRT in combination with chemo-(immuno)-therapy looks very attractive for patients with early stage aggressive NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke H Verhappen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute Verbeeten, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Maraldo MV, Brodin P, Aznar MC, Vogelius IR, Munck af Rosenschöld P, Petersen PM, Specht L. Doses to carotid arteries after modern radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: is stroke still a late effect of treatment? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 87:297-303. [PMID: 23910709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are at an increased risk of stroke because of carotid artery irradiation. However, for early-stage HL involved node radiation therapy (INRT) reduces the volume of normal tissue exposed to high doses. Here, we evaluate 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and proton therapy (PT) delivered as INRT along with the extensive mantle field (MF) by comparing doses to the carotid arteries and corresponding risk estimates. METHODS AND MATERIALS We included a cohort of 46 supradiaphragmatic stage I-II classical HL patients. All patients were initially treated with chemotherapy and INRT delivered as 3D-CRT (30 Gy). For each patient, we simulated MF (36 Gy) and INRT plans using VMAT and PT (30 Gy). Linear dose-response curves for the 20-, 25-, and 30-year risk of stroke were derived from published HL data. Risks of stroke with each technique were calculated for all patients. Statistical analyses were performed with repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS The mean doses to the right and left common carotid artery were significantly lower with modern treatment compared with MF, with substantial patient variability. The estimated excess risk of stroke after 20, 25, and 30 years was 0.6%, 0.86%, and 1.3% for 3D-CRT; 0.67%, 0.96%, and 1.47% for VMAT; 0.61%, 0.96%, and 1.33% for PT; and 1.3%, 1.72%, and 2.61% for MF. CONCLUSIONS INRT reduces the dose delivered to the carotid arteries and corresponding estimated risk of stroke for HL survivors. Even for the subset of patients with lymphoma close to the carotid arteries, the estimated risk is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja V Maraldo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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73
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Specht L. Interim positron emission tomography in early stage Hodgkin lymphoma: is there evidence for its prognostic and predictive value in patients treated with standard combined modality treatment? Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:1127-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.743658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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74
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Maraldo MV, Brodin NP, Aznar MC, Vogelius IR, Munck af Rosenschöld P, Petersen PM, Specht L. Estimated risk of cardiovascular disease and secondary cancers with modern highly conformal radiotherapy for early-stage mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2113-8. [PMID: 23619032 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors have an increased morbidity and mortality from secondary cancers and cardiovascular disease (CD). We evaluate doses with involved node radiotherapy (INRT) delivered as 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), or proton therapy (PT), compared with the extensive Mantle Field (MF). PATIENTS AND METHODS For 27 patients with early-stage, mediastinal HL, treated with chemotherapy and INRT delivered as 3D CRT (30 Gy), we simulated an MF (36 Gy), INRT-VMAT and INRT-PT (30 Gy). Dose to the heart, lungs, and breasts, estimated risks of CD, lung (LC) and breast cancer (BC), and corresponding life years lost (LYL) were compared. RESULTS 3D CRT, VMAT or PT significantly lower the dose to the heart, lungs and breasts and provide lower risk estimates compared with MF, but with substantial patient variability. The risk of CD is not significantly different for 3D CRT versus VMAT. The risk of LC and BC is highest with VMAT. For LYL, PT is the superior modern technique. CONCLUSIONS In early-stage, mediastinal HL modern radiotherapy provides superior results compared with MF. However, there is no single best radiotherapy technique for HL-the decision should be made at the individual patient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Maraldo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Schlienger M, Ferroir JP, Huguet F, Deluen F, Pène F, Marseguerra R, Touboul E. [Dropped Head Syndrome after whiplash injury in a patient treated for a Hodgkin's lymphoma by mantle field radiotherapy]. Cancer Radiother 2012; 17:44-9. [PMID: 23219138 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a case of Dropped Head Syndrome with an unusually rapid onset after an accident in a patient with a history of Hodgkin's lymphoma cured by chemotherapy and mantle field radiotherapy and compare this case to the rare published cases of chronic Dropped Head Syndrome occurring after this type of treatment. A 56-year-old man was treated at the age 36 years for supra-diaphragmatic Hodgkin's lymphoma by chemotherapy and mantle field radiotherapy according to a standard technique and standard doses (40Gy, 20 fractions, 27 days). Seventeen years after the end of treatment, he experienced a violent whiplash injury, rapidly followed by a Dropped Head Syndrome, similar to the cases of chronic Dropped Head Syndrome already described in the context of Hodgkin's lymphoma (permanent flexion of the head, only reduced in the supine position). Physical and neurophysiological examination, electromyogram, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of Dropped Head Syndrome. Very few treatment options are available for the major disability related to Dropped Head Syndrome. This type of subacute onset of Dropped Head Syndrome has not been previously described. The good results of radiation therapy after chemotherapy allow a dose reduction to 30Gy in the involved regions. This, together with recent progress in treatment planning, should allow eradication of these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schlienger
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Abstract
The results of recent clinical trials for the management of limited-stage Hodgkin lymphoma have led to considerable debate, especially regarding the role of radiation therapy. This review highlights those recent trials and provides perspectives regarding their interpretation from a radiation oncologist and a hematologist. The trial protocol is available at http://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMoa1111961/suppl_file/nejmoa1111961_protocol.pdf.
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Abstract
Abstract
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged as the most accurate tool for staging, treatment monitoring, and response evaluation in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Accurate staging and restaging are very important for the optimal management of HL, but we are only beginning to understand how to use PET/CT to improve treatment outcome. More precise determination of disease extent may result in more precise pretreatment risk stratification, and is also essential for the minimal and highly individualized radiotherapy volumes of the present era. Several trials are currently investigating the use of PET/CT for early response-adapted therapy, with therapeutic stratification based on interim PET/CT results. Posttreatment PET/CT is a cornerstone of the revised response criteria and enables the selection of advanced-stage patients without the need for consolidation radiotherapy. Once remission is achieved after first-line therapy, PET/CT seems to have little or no role in the routine surveillance of HL patients. PET/CT looks promising for the selection of therapy in relapsed and refractory disease, but its role in this setting is still unclear.
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Meyer RM, Hoppe RT. Point/counterpoint: early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma and the role of radiation therapy. Blood 2012; 120:4488-95. [PMID: 22821764 PMCID: PMC3512228 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-423236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of recent clinical trials for the management of limited-stage Hodgkin lymphoma have led to considerable debate, especially regarding the role of radiation therapy. This review highlights those recent trials and provides perspectives regarding their interpretation from a radiation oncologist and a hematologist. The trial protocol is available at http://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMoa1111961/suppl_file/nejmoa1111961_protocol.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph M Meyer
- National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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