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Parker CC, Petersen PM, Cook AD, Clarke NW, Catton C, Cross WR, Kynaston H, Parulekar WR, Persad RA, Saad F, Bower L, Durkan GC, Logue J, Maniatis C, Noor D, Payne H, Anderson J, Bahl AK, Bashir F, Bottomley DM, Brasso K, Capaldi L, Cooke PW, Chung C, Donohue J, Eddy B, Heath CM, Henderson A, Henry A, Jaganathan R, Jakobsen H, James ND, Joseph J, Lees K, Lester J, Lindberg H, Makar A, Morris SL, Oommen N, Ostler P, Owen L, Patel P, Pope A, Popert R, Raman R, Ramani V, Røder A, Sayers I, Simms M, Srinivasan V, Sundaram S, Tarver KL, Tran A, Wells P, Wilson J, Zarkar AM, Parmar MKM, Sydes MR. Timing of Radiotherapy (RT) After Radical Prostatectomy (RP): Long-term outcomes in the RADICALS-RT trial [NCT00541047]. Ann Oncol 2024:S0923-7534(24)00105-4. [PMID: 38583574 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal timing of radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer has been uncertain. RADICALS-RT compared efficacy and safety of adjuvant RT versus an observation policy with salvage RT for PSA failure. METHODS RADICALS-RT was a randomised controlled trial enrolling patients with ≥1 risk factor (pT3/4, Gleason 7-10, positive margins, pre-op PSA≥10ng/ml) for recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Patients were randomised 1:1 to adjuvant RT ("Adjuvant-RT") or an observation policy with salvage RT for PSA failure ("Salvage-RT") defined as PSA≥0.1ng/ml or 3 consecutive rises. Stratification factors were Gleason score, margin status, planned RT schedule (52.5Gy/20 fractions or 66Gy/33 fractions) and treatment centre. The primary outcome measure was freedom-from-distant metastasis, designed with 80% power to detect an improvement from 90% with Salvage-RT (control) to 95% at 10yr with Adjuvant-RT. Secondary outcome measures were bPFS, freedom-from-non-protocol hormone therapy, safety and patient-reported outcomes. Standard survival analysis methods were used; HR<1 favours Adjuvant-RT. FINDINGS Between Oct-2007 and Dec-2016, 1396 participants from UK, Denmark, Canada and Ireland were randomised: 699 Salvage-RT, 697 Adjuvant-RT. Allocated groups were balanced with median age 65yr. 93% (649/697) Adjuvant-RT reported RT within 6m after randomisation; 39% (270/699) Salvage-RT reported RT during follow-up. Median follow-up was 7.8 years. With 80 distant metastasis events, 10yr FFDM was 93% for Adjuvant-RT and 90% for Salvage-RT: HR=0.68 (95%CI 0·43-1·07, p=0·095). Of 109 deaths, 17 were due to prostate cancer. Overall survival was not improved (HR=0.980, 95%CI 0.667-1.440, p=0.917). Adjuvant-RT reported worse urinary and faecal incontinence one year after randomisation (p=0.001); faecal incontinence remained significant after ten years (p=0.017). INTERPRETATION Long-term results from RADICALS-RT confirm adjuvant RT after radical prostatectomy increases the risk of urinary and bowel morbidity, but does not meaningfully improve disease control. An observation policy with salvage RT for PSA failure should be the current standard after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Parker
- Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - P M Petersen
- Dept of Oncology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A D Cook
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - N W Clarke
- Dept of Urology, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals, Manchester, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Catton
- Dept of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W R Cross
- Dept of Urology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - H Kynaston
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - W R Parulekar
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - R A Persad
- Dept of Urology, Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - F Saad
- Dept of Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - L Bower
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G C Durkan
- Dept of Urology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Logue
- Dept of Oncology, The Christie Hospital NHS FT, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - C Maniatis
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - D Noor
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - H Payne
- The Prostate Centre, London, UK
| | - J Anderson
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK
| | - A K Bahl
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - F Bashir
- Queen's Centre for Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
| | | | - K Brasso
- Dept of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Capaldi
- Worcester Oncology Centre, Worcestershire Acute NHS Hospitals Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - P W Cooke
- Dept of Urology, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - C Chung
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - J Donohue
- Dept of Urology, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK
| | - B Eddy
- East Kent University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - C M Heath
- Dept of Clinical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A Henderson
- Dept of Urology, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK
| | - A Henry
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Jaganathan
- Dept of Urology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - H Jakobsen
- Dept of Urology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N D James
- Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Joseph
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals, UK; York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals, UK
| | - K Lees
- Dept of Oncology, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK
| | - J Lester
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - H Lindberg
- Dept of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Makar
- Dept of Urology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - S L Morris
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N Oommen
- Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, UK
| | - P Ostler
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - L Owen
- Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK; Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - P Patel
- Dept of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A Pope
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - R Popert
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Raman
- Kent Oncology Centre, Kent & Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, UK
| | - V Ramani
- Dept of Urology, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals, Manchester, UK
| | - A Røder
- Dept of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Sayers
- Deanesly Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - M Simms
- Dept of Urology, Hull University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - V Srinivasan
- Glan Clwyd Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Rhyl, UK
| | - S Sundaram
- Dept of Urology, Mid Yorkshire Teaching Hospital, Pontefract, UK
| | - K L Tarver
- Dept of Oncology, Queen's Hospital, Romford, UK
| | - A Tran
- Dept of Oncology, The Christie Hospital NHS FT, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - P Wells
- St Bartholomews Hospital, London UK
| | - J Wilson
- Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK
| | - A M Zarkar
- Dept of Oncology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M K M Parmar
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - M R Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK.
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Parker CC, Clarke NW, Catton C, Kynaston H, Cook A, Cross W, Davidson C, Goldstein C, Logue J, Maniatis C, Petersen PM, Neville P, Payne H, Persad R, Pugh C, Stirling A, Saad F, Parulekar WR, Parmar MKB, Sydes MR. RADICALS-HD: Reflections before the Results are Known. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:593-597. [PMID: 35810050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Parker
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
| | - N W Clarke
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Department of Surgery, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK; Department of Urology, Salford Royal Hospitals, Manchester, UK
| | - C Catton
- Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - H Kynaston
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Cook
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - W Cross
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - C Davidson
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - C Goldstein
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - J Logue
- Oncology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - C Maniatis
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - P M Petersen
- Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Neville
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - H Payne
- Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - R Persad
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol Hospitals, Bristol, UK
| | - C Pugh
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - A Stirling
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - F Saad
- University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - W R Parulekar
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - M K B Parmar
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - M R Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
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Keller KK, Thomsen JS, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Nielsen AW, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Svendsen L, Graakjær M, Petersen PM, Unger B, Kjær SG, Langdahl BL, Hauge EM. Local bone loss in patients with anti-citrullinated peptide antibody and arthralgia, evaluated with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Scand J Rheumatol 2017; 47:110-116. [DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2017.1333629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KK Keller
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - JS Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - AW Nielsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - L Svendsen
- Private Rheumatology Practice, Skanderborg, Denmark
| | | | - PM Petersen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - B Unger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - SG Kjær
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - BL Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - EM Hauge
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Keizman D, Fosboel MO, Reichegger H, Peer A, Rosenbaum E, Desax MC, Neiman V, Petersen PM, Mueller J, Cathomas R, Gottfried M, Dresler H, Sarid D, Mermershtain W, Rouvinov K, Mortensen J, Gillessen S, Daugaard G, Omlin A. Imaging response during therapy with radium-223 for castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases—analysis of an international multicenter database. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:289-293. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hansen AK, Tawfieq M, Jensen OB, Andersen PE, Sumpf B, Erbert G, Petersen PM. Concept for power scaling second harmonic generation using a cascade of nonlinear crystals. Opt Express 2015; 23:15921-15934. [PMID: 26193569 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.015921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the field of high-power second harmonic generation (SHG), power scaling is often hindered by adverse crystal effects such as thermal dephasing arising from the second harmonic (SH) light, which imposes limits on the power that can be generated in many crystals. Here we demonstrate a concept for efficient power scaling of single-pass SHG beyond such limits using a cascade of nonlinear crystals, in which the first crystal is chosen for high nonlinear efficiency and the subsequent crystal(s) are chosen for power handling ability. Using this highly efficient single-pass concept, we generate 3.7 W of continuous-wave diffraction-limited (M(2)=1.25) light at 532 nm from 9.5 W of non-diffraction-limited (M(2)=7.7) light from a tapered laser diode, while avoiding significant thermal effects. Besides constituting the highest SH power yet achieved using a laser diode, this demonstrates that the concept successfully combines the high efficiency of the first stage with the good power handling properties of the subsequent stages. The concept is generally applicable and can be expanded with more stages to obtain even higher efficiency, and extends also to other combinations of nonlinear media suitable for other wavelengths.
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Unterhuber A, Považay B, Müller A, Jensen OB, Duelk M, Le T, Petersen PM, Velez C, Esmaeelpour M, Andersen PE, Drexler W. Simultaneous dual wavelength eye-tracked ultrahigh resolution retinal and choroidal optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett 2013; 38:4312-5. [PMID: 24177081 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an optical coherence tomography device that simultaneously combines different novel ultrabroad bandwidth light sources centered in the 800 and 1060 nm regions, operating at 66 kHz depth scan rate, and a confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscope-based eye tracker to permit motion-artifact-free, ultrahigh resolution and high contrast retinal and choroidal imaging. The two wavelengths of the device provide the complementary information needed for diagnosis of subtle retinal changes, while also increasing visibility of deeper-lying layers to image pathologies that include opaque media in the anterior eye segment or eyes with increased choroidal thickness.
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Urup T, Pawlak WZ, Petersen PM, Pappot H, Rørth M, Daugaard G. Treatment with docetaxel and cisplatin in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma, a phase II study. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1994-7. [PMID: 23652308 PMCID: PMC3670472 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease with a poor response to chemotherapy. Cisplatin is the most widely investigated drug in the treatment of ACC and in vitro studies have indicated activity of taxanes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin combined with docetaxel as first-line treatment of advanced ACC. Methods: Patients with advanced ACC were included in this phase II trial investigating the response to a combination of cisplatin (50 mg m−2) and docetaxel (60 mg m−2) administered with a 3-week interval. Results: Nineteen patients were included in this study. The response rate was 21% (95% CI: 3–39%). No patients obtained a complete response, 32% had stable disease, and 37% progressed while on treatment. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95% CI: 0.7–5.3 months) and 1 year PFS was 21% (95% CI: 3–39%). Median survival was 12.5 months (95% CI: 6–19 months). The predominant grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia (35%); febrile neutropenia occurred in 5% of cycles. Conclusion: This study could not demonstrate that the combination of cisplatin and docetaxel has higher efficacy than other regimens reported in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Urup
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Maraldo MV, Brodin NP, Aznar MC, Vogelius IR, Munck af Rosenschöld P, Petersen PM, Specht L. Estimated risk of cardiovascular disease and secondary cancers with modern highly conformal radiotherapy for early-stage mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2113-8. [PMID: 23619032 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors have an increased morbidity and mortality from secondary cancers and cardiovascular disease (CD). We evaluate doses with involved node radiotherapy (INRT) delivered as 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), or proton therapy (PT), compared with the extensive Mantle Field (MF). PATIENTS AND METHODS For 27 patients with early-stage, mediastinal HL, treated with chemotherapy and INRT delivered as 3D CRT (30 Gy), we simulated an MF (36 Gy), INRT-VMAT and INRT-PT (30 Gy). Dose to the heart, lungs, and breasts, estimated risks of CD, lung (LC) and breast cancer (BC), and corresponding life years lost (LYL) were compared. RESULTS 3D CRT, VMAT or PT significantly lower the dose to the heart, lungs and breasts and provide lower risk estimates compared with MF, but with substantial patient variability. The risk of CD is not significantly different for 3D CRT versus VMAT. The risk of LC and BC is highest with VMAT. For LYL, PT is the superior modern technique. CONCLUSIONS In early-stage, mediastinal HL modern radiotherapy provides superior results compared with MF. However, there is no single best radiotherapy technique for HL-the decision should be made at the individual patient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Maraldo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Pontoppidan MB, Petersen PM, Philipp M. For she that hath, to her shall be given…Implications of flowering in Anemone nemorosa L. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2011; 13:842-847. [PMID: 21973160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We looked for life-history trade-offs between flowering, vegetative growth and somatic maintenance in the common woodland herb Anemone nemorosa. A. nemorosa forms a horizontal rhizome system consisting of previously formed annual segments and terminated by a flowering or non-flowering shoot. Resources acquired by the aboveground parts are used for flowering, seed production, storage and growth of the annual segments. Resources stored in the rhizome during the growing period are used for preformation of buds, somatic maintenance between two growing periods and development of aboveground parts in the following spring. We hypothesised that the decision to invest in flower buds depends on the amount of resources stored in the recently formed annual segment. We also hypothesised a trade-off between flowering and segment growth and, finally, as a consequence, we expected individual rhizomes to alternate between the flowering and the non-flowering state. We found that segments producing flower buds were significantly longer than non-flowering segments, indicating that resource level influences the function of the preformed buds. Contrary to our expectations, we found flowering rhizomes produced longer annual segments than non-flowering rhizomes. We suggest the larger leaf area of flowering rhizomes and occasional abortion of flowers or seeds as possible mechanisms behind this pattern. Our study shows that even though the decision to produce a flower bud is taken in another time-frame than that in which the actual flowering and fruiting takes place, an ostensibly inexpedient decision is changed to a neutral or even an advantageous incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-B Pontoppidan
- Section for Ecology & Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Petersen PM, Gospodarowicz M, Tsang R, Pintilie M, Wells W, Hodgson D, Sun A, Crump M, Patterson B, Bailey D. Long-term outcome in stage I and II follicular lymphoma following treatment with involved field radiation therapy alone. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Tsang
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Pintilie
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W. Wells
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D. Hodgson
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A. Sun
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Crump
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - D. Bailey
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Knudsen H, Petersen PM. Measurements of differential single-scattering cross sections of heavy ions at MeV energies on solid targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/11/3/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Behrens GH, Petersen PM, Grotmol T, Sørensen DR, Torjesen P, Tretli S, Haugen TB. Reproductive function in male rats after brief in utero exposure to diethylstilboestrol. Int J Androl 2000; 23:366-71. [PMID: 11114983 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2000.00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term effects of brief in utero exposure to diethylstilboestrol (DES) during a foetal period known to be critical for gonadal development were evaluated. Rats were exposed to DES (100 microg/kg body-weight) from day 17 to 19 of pregnancy. All of the DES-treated pregnant rats (11/11) ate parts or whole of their offspring during the first day after birth (p=0.03). Surviving male offspring were examined on day 63 post-partum. DES induced a reduction in weight of the testis (p=0.06) and ventral prostate (p=0.07), even after this short exposure. DES tended to reduce the number of Sertoli cells (p=0.13). Our findings indicate that even a short in utero exposure of rats to DES during a critical period for gonadal development results in cannibalism and reduced testis and ventral prostate weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Behrens
- Andrology Laboratory, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, National Hospital, University of Oslo, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
An increasing proportion of boys and young men with cancer will survive their disease and desire fertility. Unfortunately, the cancer treatment, and in some cases the malignant disease itself, may have a negative and permanent impact on the individual's fertility potential. This effect is highly dependent on the type and dose of therapy as well as the age at which it has been given. Basic knowledge in this field is necessary to enable oncologists and fertility specialists to counsel these patients about their fertility prospects and, if appropriate, advise them to take precautions (e.g. the cryopreservation of semen) to safeguard their fertility. Another aspect of the relationship between cancer and infertility is the possibility that men with testicular dysfunction may have an increased risk of testicular cancer. Screening for early testicular malignancy may therefore be advisable in some groups of men with poor semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giwercman
- University Department of Urology, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, SE, 20502, Sweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The possibility of cryopreservation of semen from adolescents has until now received only little attention. Therefore, we have investigated the possibility of cryopreservation of semen in adolescent boys with cancer. PROCEDURE Forty-five boys, aged 13-18 years, admitted because of cancer during the period January 1, 1995 to July 31, 1998 were eligible. Semen was obtained after masturbation in the majority of the cases. In three boys, semen was preserved after penile vibration or electroejaculation in general anaesthesia. The semen samples were analysed for concentration, motility, and morphology according to the WHO guidelines. The sample was transferred into straws prior to cryopreservation at 196 degrees C in liquid nitrogen. RESULTS Twenty-one boys delivered a semen sample for cryopreservation. Four boys were offered and accepted sperm banking but were not able to produce a sample. In 20 cases time did not allow an attempt of sperm banking, the boy was not assessed to be mature enough to deliver a semen sample, or the procedure was not accepted. The boys delivered 1-3 samples, and the total number of spermatozoa ranged from 0-210 millions. Median percentage of motile sperm was 50% (range 9-86%). Semen quality improved with age; however, a 13- year- old boy produced 75 million spermatozoa with 38% motile cells. CONCLUSIONS Pubertal maturation should be assessed in all boys admitted for cancer, and the possibility of sperm banking should be discussed with the patient and his parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Müller
- Clinic of Growth and Reproduction, Juliane Marie Centre, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Petersen PM, Hansen SW. The course of long-term toxicity in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for non-seminomatous germ-cell cancer. Ann Oncol 1999; 10:1475-83. [PMID: 10643539 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008322909836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of advanced testicular cancer has improved considerably after the introduction of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. The improved prognosis of testicular cancer has brought the long-term toxicity of the treatment into focus. PATIENTS AND METHODS Long-term toxicity was investigated prospectively until more than 10 years after after treatment in a group of 22 patients treated with six series of cisplatin based chemotherapy (PVB) for testicular cancer. We have focused on nephro-, neuro-, pulmonary-, and gonadal toxicity. RESULTS Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased significantly during treatment but increased during follow-up and all the patients had normal values of GFR 10-15 years after treatment. Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (TLco) decreased during PVB treatment in smokers. TLco remained unchanged during the first years after PVB treatment, but improvement of TLco was seen in some patients more than 43 months after treatment. Paresthesia was reported by 83% of the patients immediately after treatment, 50% at follow-up 4-9 years after chemotherapy and 14% prevalence 11-15 hears after treatment. The reported decline in neurotoxicity was verified by normalisation of vibration perception. Gonadal toxicity was severe and persistent although improvement was seen in a few patients even many years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The patients treated with PVB were physically and socially well-being at follow-up investigation 11-15 years after treatment. Improvements in pulmonary- and renal function, and recovery from neurotoxicity was seen during the long-term follow-up period. Gonadal toxicity was severe and persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Oncology, Finsencenter, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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16
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Petersen PM. Protein composition associated with variation in fibre diameter along the length of merino wool staples. Exp Dermatol 1999; 8:307-8. [PMID: 10439238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- CSIRO Division of Wool Technology, Belmont, Vic., Australia
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17
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Petersen PM, Giwercman A, Pakkenberg B. Stereological methods as efficient and unbiased tools to quantitate structures in the testis. Scand J Work Environ Health 1999; 25 Suppl 1:31-3. [PMID: 10235405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
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18
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Petersen PM, Skakkebaek NE, Rørth M, Giwercman A. Semen quality and reproductive hormones before and after orchiectomy in men with testicular cancer. J Urol 1999; 161:822-6. [PMID: 10022693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We clarify the impact of removal of the tumor bearing testis on semen quality and reproductive hormones in men with testicular cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen quality and levels of reproductive hormones were investigated in 48 men before and after orchiectomy for testicular cancer. Semen analysis was done in 35 of these men and hormone analyses were done in 47. The hormone data of patients with (14) or without (33) elevated values of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were analyzed separately. RESULTS Median sperm concentration and total sperm count decreased from 17 x 10(6)/ml. (range 0 to 117) and 39 x 10(6) (0 to 433), respectively, before to 7 x 10(6)/ml. (0 to 69) and 30 x 10(6) (0 to 200), respectively, after orchiectomy. After orchiectomy sperm concentration was decreased in 30 of 35 men (p = 0.001) and azoospermia developed in 3 (9%). In men without detectable HCG median follicle-stimulating hormone levels increased (p <0.001) from 5.7 IU/l. (range 0.01 to 30) before to 10.0 IU/l. (4.6 to 48) after orchiectomy in 33 of 33 patients. Median inhibin B significantly decreased (p = 0.003) from 108 pg./l. (range 60 to 193) before to 95 pg./l. (less than 20 to 141) after orchiectomy. Median luteinizing hormone increased significantly from 3.1 IU/l. (range 1.1 to 9.9) before to 5.2 IU/l. (2.1 to 27) after treatment (p <0.001). Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin did not change significantly after orchiectomy. Patients with detectable serum HCG before orchiectomy had a considerable increase in follicle-stimulating hormone after orchiectomy, and a concomitant decrease in testosterone and estradiol. CONCLUSIONS Semen quality was poor at diagnosis and deteriorated further after orchiectomy compared with pretreatment values. Our findings indicate that in some patients the most appropriate time for cryopreservation of semen is before orchiectomy. Androgen production was maintained by increased luteinizing hormone stimulation after orchiectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Finsencenter, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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19
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Petersen PM, Skakkebaek NE, Vistisen K, Rørth M, Giwercman A. Semen quality and reproductive hormones before orchiectomy in men with testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:941-7. [PMID: 10071288 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.3.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To obtain information about preorchiectomy gonadal function in patients with testicular germ cell cancer to improve the clinical management of fertility and other andrologic aspects in these men. PATIENTS AND METHODS In group 1, a group of 83 consecutive patients with testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) investigated before orchiectomy, semen analysis was carried out in 63 patients and hormonal investigations, including measurement of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), inhibin B, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), in 71 patients. Hormone levels in patients with elevated hCG (n = 41) were analyzed separately. To discriminate between general cancer effects and specific effects associated with TGCC, the same analyses were carried out in a group of 45 consecutive male patients with malignant lymphoma (group 2). Group 3 comprised 141 men employed in a Danish company who served as controls in the comparison of semen parameters. As a control group in hormone investigations, 193 men were selected randomly from the Danish National Personal Register to make up group 4. RESULTS We found significantly lower sperm concentration (median, 15 x 10(6)/mL; range, 0 to 128 x 10(6)/mL) and total sperm count (median, 29 x 10(6)/mL; range, 0 to 589 x 10(6)) in patients with testicular cancer than in patients with malignant lymphomas (sperm concentration: median, 48 x 10(6)/mL; range, 0.04 to 250 x 10(6)/mL; sperm count: median, 146 x 10(6); range, 0.05 to 418 x 10(6)) (P < .001 and P < .001) and healthy men (sperm concentration: median, 48 x 10(6)/mL; range, 0 to 402 x 10(6)/mL; sperm count: median, 162 x 10(6); range, 0 to 1253 x 10(6)) (P < .001 and P < .001). FSH levels were increased in men with testicular cancer (median, 5.7 IU/L; range, 2.0 to 27 IU/L) compared with both men with malignant lymphomas (median, 3.3 IU/L; range, 1.01 to 12.0 IU/L) and healthy controls (median, 4.1 IU/L; range, 1.04 to 21 IU/L)(P = .001 and P = .007, respectively). Surprisingly, we found significantly lower LH in the group of men with TGCC (median, 3.6 IU/L; range, 1.12 to 11.9 IU/L) than in healthy men (median, 4.7 IU/L; range, 1.3 to 11.9 IU/L) (P = .01). We could not detect any differences between men with testicular cancer and men with malignant lymphomas and healthy men with regard to serum levels of testosterone, SHBG, and estradiol. Men with testicular cancer who had increased hCG levels had significantly lower LH and significantly higher testosterone and estradiol than those without detectable hCG levels. CONCLUSION Spermatogenesis is already impaired in men with testicular cancer before orchiectomy. Neither local suppression of spermatogenesis by tumor pressure nor a general cancer effect seems to fully explain this impairment. The most likely explanation is preexisting impairment of spermatogenesis in the contralateral testis in men with testicular cancer. The question of whether also a pre-existing Leydig cell dysfunction is present in men with testicular cancer could not be answered in this study because the tumor seems to have a direct effect on the Leydig cells. Men with testicular cancer had low LH values as compared with controls. We speculate that increased intratesticular level of hCG also in men without measurable serum hCG may play a role by exerting LH-like effects on the Leydig cells, causing increased testosterone and estrogen levels and low LH values in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Finsencenter, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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20
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Abstract
A group of men treated with testicular irradiation for carcinoma in situ in the remaining testis after orchidectomy for unilateral testicular germ cell cancer was used as a model to study of the effect of selective eradication of germ cells on the levels of serum inhibin B in the human male. Thirteen men with verified spermatogenesis and detectable preirradiation levels of serum inhibin B (median, 55; range, 23-193 pg/mL) were investigated before and after testicular irradiation (14-20 Gy). All patients had undetectable levels of inhibin B 2-12 months (median, 5 months) after radiotherapy (<20 pg/mL). Correspondingly, serum FSH increased in all men after radiotherapy [from a median of 9.6 (range, 3.0-24) IU/L to a median of 28 (range, 15-70) IU/L); P < 0.001]. Histological investigation showed a Sertoli cell-only pattern in all patients after radiotherapy. Neither LH nor testosterone showed a significant decrease after radiotherapy. Our data indicate that inhibin B production sufficient to maintain detectable serum levels in adults requires spermatogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Finsencenter, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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21
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Petersen PM, Giwercman A, Hansen SW, Berthelsen JG, Daugaard G, Rørth M, Skakkebaek NE. Impaired testicular function in patients with carcinoma-in-situ of the testis. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:173-9. [PMID: 10458231 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.1.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the biologic association between germ cell neoplasia and testicular dysfunction, through investigation of Leydig cell function and semen quality in men with carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of the testis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined two groups of men, unilaterally orchidectomized for testicular cancer. Biopsy of the contralateral testis had showed CIS in a group of 24 patients and no evidence of CIS in the other group of 30 patients. Semen quality and serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were compared in these two groups of men after orchidectomy but before further treatment for testicular cancer. RESULTS Significantly higher LH levels (median, 8.1 IU/L v 4.8 IU/L; P < .001) and generally lower testosterone levels (median, 12.5 nmol/L v 15.5 nmol/L; P = .13) were found in the CIS group. The proportion of patients with Leydig cell dysfunction was higher in the group of patients with CIS (11 of 24) than in the group of patients without (two of 30) (P = .01). Sperm concentration and total sperm count were significantly lower (P < .001) in patients with CIS (median, 0.03 x 10(6)/mL and 0.10 x 10(6), respectively) than in patients without (median, 9.1 x 10(6)/mL and 32 x 10(6), respectively), whereas the levels of FSH were significantly higher (P < .001) in the former group of men (median, 19.6 IU/L v 9.0 IU/L). CONCLUSION Not only spermatogenesis but also Leydig cell function is impaired in testes with CIS. This impairment could be due to common factors in the pathogenesis of germ cell neoplasm and testicular dysfunction. Alternatively, CIS cells may have a negative impact on Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Finsencenter, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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22
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Løbel M, Petersen PM, Johansen PM. Single-mode operation of a laser-diode array with frequency-selective phase-conjugate feedback. Opt Lett 1998; 23:825-827. [PMID: 18087354 DOI: 10.1364/ol.23.000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for single-mode operation of laser-diode arrays is presented. A gain-guided GaAlAs laser diode array is coupled to an external frequency-selective phase-conjugate feedback system that contains a photorefractive barium titanate crystal, a Fabry-Perot etalon, and a spatial filter. The etalon is the key component, and it forces the array, which has low spatial and spectral coherence when it runs freely, to oscillate in a single spatial and a single longitudinal mode. At a drive current of two times the threshold current, the far-field pattern is reduced to only 1.4 times the diffraction limit, the spectral bandwidth is less than 0.02 nm, and the coherence length is increased by a factor of 70. The technique has general validity and can be applied to various other multimode laser systems.
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23
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Petersen PM, Giwercman A, Skakkebaek NE, Rørth M. Gonadal function in men with testicular cancer. Semin Oncol 1998; 25:224-33. [PMID: 9562456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews current knowledge on the effect of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) on gonadal function and of the cancer treatment on spermatogenesis and Leydig cell function. It seems likely that development of TGCC shares common etiological factors with development other types of testicular dysfunction. This suggestion is supported by the observation that men with various types of gonadal dysfunction such as testicular dysgenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome, and cryptorchidism have increased risk of testicular cancer. Epidemiological and clinical data indicate common etiology between testicular germ cell cancer and other abnormalities in male reproductive health such as infertility and cryptorchidism. These observations are in agreement with the suggestions of hormonal involvement in the etiology of testicular cancer. It is well documented that testicular cancer is associated with impaired spermatogenic function and some patients have impairment of Leydig's cell function already before orchidectomy. The degree of spermatogenic dysfunction is higher than what can be explained by local tumor effect and by a general cancer effect. These observations are supported by histological investigations, which have shown a high prevalence of abnormalities of spermatogenesis in the contralateral testis in patients with unilateral TGCC. The spermatogenetic function is still severely impaired after orchidectomy and radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy induce further dose-dependent impairment of spermatogenesis. Recovery of spermatogenesis after treatment may be long, in some patients lasting more than 5 years. Sufficient androgen production is seen in the majority of the patients but some patients do suffer from testosterone deficiency. The effect of chemotherapy on Leydig's cell function seems to be dose dependent. Trials on protection of spermatogenetic function against the harmful effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy by suppression of spermatogenesis has not been successful. The only way to maintain fertility is to limit gonadal exposure to harmful agents. Moreover cryopreservation of semen should be done before treatment. The optimal time for cryopreservation is before orchiectomy at least in some patients. Generally men with TGCC need counselling about their reproductive function, with respect to semen cryopreservation, chance for recovery of spermatogenesis, fertility, and the possibility of need for androgen replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Finsencenter, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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24
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Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Jørgensen N, Carlsen E, Petersen PM, Giwercman A, Andersen AG, Jensen TK, Andersson AM, Müller J. Germ cell cancer and disorders of spermatogenesis: an environmental connection? APMIS 1998; 106:3-11; discussion 12. [PMID: 9524557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Why is there a small peak of germ cell tumours in the postnatal period and a major peak in young age, starting at puberty? And, paradoxically, small risk in old age, although spermatogenesis is a lifelong process? Why is this type of cancer more common in individuals with maldeveloped gonads, including undescended testis, gonadal dysgenesis and androgen insensitivity syndrome? Why has there, during the past 50 years, been a quite dramatic increase in testicular cancer in many developed countries? These are just a few of many questions concerning testicular cancer. However, the recent progress in research in the early stages of testicular cancer (carcinoma in situ testis (CIS)) allows us to begin to answer some of these questions. There is more and more evidence that the CIS cell is a gonocyte with stem cell potential, which explains why an adult man can develop a non-seminoma, which is a neoplastic caricature of embryonic growth. We consider the possibility that CIS cells may loose their stem cell potential with ageing. Along these lines, a seminoma is regarded a gonocytoma where the single gonocytes have little or no stem cell potential. The Sertoli and Leydig cells, which are activated postnatally and during and after puberty, may play a crucial role for both the development of the CIS gonocyte and progression of the neoplasm to invasiveness. The reported increase in testicular cancer is not the only sign that male reproductive health is at risk. There are reports that undescended testis and hypospadias have become more common. Also semen quality has deteriorated, at least in some countries. The epidemiological evidence suggests that environmental factors may play a role. Are the environmental hormone disrupters (e.g. DDT, PCB, nonylphenol, bisphenol A) to be blamed for the apparently synchronised deterioration in these aspects of male reproductive health?
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Skakkebaek
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Abstract
This paper reviews current knowledge about the effect of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) on gonadal function and of cancer treatment on spermatogenesis and Leydig cell function. It is well documented that testicular cancer is associated with impaired spermatogenic function and some patients already have impairment of Leydig cell function before orchidectomy. The degree of spermatogenic dysfunction is higher than what can be explained by local tumour effect and by a general cancer effect, since patients with other malignant diseases have normal, or only slightly decreased, semen quality. Furthermore, sperm counts after orchidectomy are further reduced to less than half of the values in healthy men, even in patients cured from the cancer disease after orchidectomy alone. These observations are supported by histological investigations which have shown a high prevalence of abnormalities of spermatogenesis in the contralateral testis in patients with unilateral TGCC. The association between testicular cancer and poor gonadal function is very interesting both from a biological and from a therapeutic point of view. Firstly, the increase in incidence of testicular cancer has been suggested to be associated with a general decline in male reproductive health and it seems likely that the development of TGCC shares common aetiologic factors with development of other types of testicular dysfunction. This suggestion is supported by the observation that men with various types of gonadal dysfunction such as testicular dysgenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome, and cryptorchidism have increased risk of testicular cancer. Secondly, the general cure rate in patients with testicular cancer exceeds 90% and the quality of life, including fertility aspects, is therefore important in the management of these patients. Spermatogenesis is already so severely impaired before treatment that fertility is lower than in healthy men. Moreover, radiotherapy and chemotherapy both induce dose-dependent impairment of spermatogenesis and recovery of spermatogenesis after treatment may be long lasting even more than five years in some patients. Sufficient androgen production is seen in the majority of the patients, but some patients suffer from testosterone deficiency. The effect of chemotherapy on Leydig cell function also seems to be dose-dependent. In conclusion there is no doubt that testicular cancer is associated with poor gonadal function even before treatment. Furthermore, the treatment of testicular cancer may have a serious impact on the gonadal function in these patients, most of whom are in the reproductive age. Moreover, the epidemiological and clinical data indicate a common aetiology between testicular germ cell cancer and other abnormalities in male reproductive health (such as infertility and cryptorchidism). These observations are in agreement with the suggestions of hormonal involvement in the aetiology of testicular cancer. Generally, men with TGCC need counselling about their reproductive function with respect to semen cryopreservation, chance of recovery of spermatogenesis, fertility, and the possible need for androgen replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
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26
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Ottesen AM, Kirchhoff M, Rajpert De-Meyts E, Maahr J, Gerdes T, Rose H, Lundsteen C, Petersen PM, Philip J, Skakkebaek NE. Detection of chromosomal aberrations in seminomatous germ cell tumours using comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1997; 20:412-8. [PMID: 9408759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to evaluate tissue specimens from 16 seminomas in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of germ cell tumours in males. A characteristic pattern of losses and gains within the entire genomes was detected in 94% of the seminomas by comparing the ratio profiles of the tumours with a standard of cytogenetically normal genomic DNA. Losses represented 43% of the total number of alterations often affecting chromosomes and chromosome arms 4, 5, 11, 13q, and 18q. Gains amounted to 57% and were often observed on 1q, 7, 8, 12, 14q, 15q, 21q, and 22q. Aberrations of 12p and 21q appeared most consistently. Results from CGH analysis displayed no relationship to the clinical stages of the malignancy. Some rare aberrations appeared, however, only in clinical stage II and in tumours showing relapse in the contralateral testis following orchiectomy, although the alterations were not present in all of the tumours in question. Losses of 16q13-21 and gains of 9q22.1-22.2 were demonstrated in both groups, while loss of 16p12 and gains of 6p21 and 6q23.3-24 were detected in the latter group as well. In conclusion, a specific pattern of chromosomal alterations was demonstrated in the seminomas by improved detection criteria, which increased specificity and sensitivity. The rare aberrations, which appeared only in tumours in improved detection criteria, which increased specificity and sensitivity. The rare aberrations, which appeared only in tumours in clinical stage II and relapsed tumours, may be linked to tumour progression, invasiveness, and bilateral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ottesen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Juliane Marie Centre, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Petersen PM, Lenz SC, Giwercman AJ, Sommer P, Skakkebaek NE. [Testicular carcinoma in situ detected by ultrasound in infertile men]. Ugeskr Laeger 1997; 159:3962-3. [PMID: 9214071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The findings of non-palpable testicular tumour and contralateral carcinoma in situ testis (CIS) in two men, examined because of infertility, are described. Both patients had no symptoms other than infertility and bilateral testicular atrophy. Ultrasonography showed tumour in both cases and abnormal ultrasonic texture of testicular tissue in the contralateral testis. Both patients had seminomas and contralateral CIS. These cases show the value of ultrasonic examination of testis in men examined for infertility, and ultrasonic examination is recommended in these men, particularly if they have testicular atrophy.
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28
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Petersen PM, Wu W, Fenlon EE, Kim S, Zimmerman SC. Synthesis of heterocycles containing two cytosine or two guanine base-pairing sites. Novel tectons for self-assembly. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:1107-12. [PMID: 8831982 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1 and 2 is described, as is the X-ray structure of 1. Tecton 1 contains two DAA hydrogen bonding sites (cytosine-like), while 2 contains two DDA sites (guanosine-like). Tectons 1 and 2 were designed to self-assemble into a helical superstructure. Self-recognition of 1 occurs in the solid state with a novel inclusion of dimethylacetamide solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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29
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Dam-Hansen C, Johansen PM, Petersen PM, Fridkin VM. Influence of an externally applied magnetic field on vectorial interaction in LiNbO3:Fe crystals. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:13098-13101. [PMID: 9980488 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.r13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Ebbesen P, Hager H, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Zdravkovic M, Villadsen J, Liu X, Petersen PM, Bambra C, Nyongo A. Concurrence of high levels of interferons alpha and beta in cord and maternal blood and simultaneous presence of interferon in trophoblast in an African population. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995; 15:123-8. [PMID: 8590315 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1995.15.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A high concentration of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) (> 5 U/ml) in cord blood was used as the criterion for establishing our study group. In a collection from deliveries by 269 Kenyan women, 16 such cord samples with matching maternal blood and placental biopsies were identified. These 16 were studied in detail together with 23 randomly selected among those with low cord IFN-alpha levels. The levels of IFN- in retal blood correlated with levels in their mothers for both IFN-alpha and beta but not for IFN-gamma. IFN-alpha was furthermore demonstrated in villous and decidual trophoblast from 15 (94%) placentae from donors with high IFN-alpha in the cord blood but not in the placenta of any low IFN level donors. In contrast, IFN-beta was not demonstrated in any placenta. These observations suggest simultaneous IFN induction in the three compartments, transplacental IFN transport, or trophoblast production of IFN to both circulations. Looking for IFN inducers, we did serologic tests for nonspecific indicators of inflammation and for specific virus and protozoan infections, but these showed no relation to elevated IFN levels. Immunohistology also revealed no evidence of a number of placental infections. The cause of the high levels of IFN-alpha could still be infectious but remains unexplained and may be noninfectious.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ebbesen
- Danish Cancer Society, Department of Virus and Cancer, Aarhus
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31
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Lund B, Ryberg M, Petersen PM, Anderson H, Thatcher N, Dombernowsky P. Phase II study of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) given as a twice weekly schedule to previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:852-3. [PMID: 7848889 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a059018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Lund
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Hager H, Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Petersen PM, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Juhl CB, Villadsen JA, Zdravkovic M, Gildberg A, Dalsgaard AM, Ebbesen P. Human trophoblast interferons enhance major histocompatibility complex class I antigen expression on human term trophoblast cells in culture. Placenta 1994; 15:709-14. [PMID: 7838826 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4004(94)90033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The expression and regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) antigens by virus-induced human trophoblast interferons (tro-IFNs) were examined in term trophoblast cultures. Flow cytometry studies using fluorescence monoclonal antibodies against MHC class I antigens revealed that isolated cytotrophoblasts can express MHC class I antigens. The expression of these antigens increased with stimulation of trophoblast cultures with tro-IFN-alpha and -beta. One hundred IU tro-IFN-alpha and -beta/ml induced no significant higher levels of MHC class I antigens as compared with the control, whereas 1000 IU tro-IFN-alpha and -beta/ml did. The tro-IFN-enhanced expression of MHC class I antigens may be important as it increases the efficiency of local and viral antigen presentation, cytotoxicity by T cell response and local inflammatory processes, thereby preventing virus spread from mother to fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hager
- Danish Cancer Society, Department of Virus and Cancer, Aarhus
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Petersen PM, Hansen SW, Giwercman A, Rørth M, Skakkebaek NE. Dose-dependent impairment of testicular function in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for germ cell cancer. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:355-8. [PMID: 8075033 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enormous differences in semen quality following cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy reported in previous studies may be caused by differences in the cisplatin dosages. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined thirty-three patients treated with conventional-dose PEB (cisplatin 20 mg/m2 x 5, q3w, etoposide 100 mg/m2 x 5 q3w and bleomycin 15 mg/m2 q1w) and 21 patients treated with high-dose PEB (cisplatin 40 mg/m2 x 5 q3w, etoposide 200 mg/m2 x 5 q3w and bleomycin 15 mg/m2 q1w). RESULTS The sperm density was significantly higher (median 5.83 mill/ml) in the conventionally-treated group than in the group of high-dose-treated patients (median 0.005 mill/ml) (p = 0.008). Azoospermia was present in 19% of the conventionally- and in 47% of the high-dose-treated patients. All patients treated with a cumulative cisplatin dose above 600 mg/m2 had severe oligospermia or azoospermia. Serum values of basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (median 27.2 iu/l vs. 15.2 iu/l) and stimulated FSH (median 57.7 iu/l vs. 28.4 iu/l) were significantly higher in the high-dose group than in the conventionally-treated group. No differences could be detected in basal or stimulated testosterone or in luteinizing hormone in serum. CONCLUSION In patients treated with PEB for testicular cancer, we found strong evidence that the impairment of spermatogenesis is dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Petersen
- University Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ebbesen P, Hager H, Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Petersen PM, Lützhøft J, Villadsen JA, Zdravkovic M, Dalsgaard AM, Zachar V. Physiological oxygen tension is relevant to MHC-1 expression, spontaneous transformation, and interferon response of in vitro aging murine fibroblasts. Exp Gerontol 1993; 28:573-8. [PMID: 7511110 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(93)90046-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Working from the hypothesis that modest deviations from physiological oxygen tension will influence cell characteristics important for infections/immunity and tumor development, cells were studied at three oxygen tensions during in vitro aging. Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts were established and subsequently passaged at 3, 6, and 18 kPa oxygen tension (6 representing normal tissue tension and 18 being the conventionally tension at in vitro cultures). The growth rate was slightly higher at 6 than 3 and 18 kPa. All cultures eventually stopped growing and subsequently transformed to nonmalignant cells with unlimited growth capacity. Cells kept at 3 kPa reached the highest number of cell doublings before crisis. Stimulation with PolyI:C resulted in detectable interferon response only at the high oxygen tension, and after transformation none of the cultures responded with interferon production. Expression of the major histocompatibility complex H-2K was elevated above and below physiological oxygen tension, indicating regulatory processes optimizing MHC expression at about physiological oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ebbesen
- Department of Virus and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society, Aarhus
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Abstract
The human placental trophoblasts which constitute the first fetal cells and form the major cell layer of the feto-maternal interface are potent producers of interferons (IFNs). The IFN production is dependent on the gestational age of the trophoblast, type of inducer and the stage of differentiation of the trophoblasts. First trimester trophoblast populations produce higher levels (5-6 times) of IFN than the third trimester trophoblasts when stimulated with viruses. Non-viral inducers, such as poly(rl).poly(rC), induce exclusively IFN-beta whereas viruses such as Sendai and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) induce mixtures of IFN-alpha subtypes and IFN-beta. Differentiation of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts into syncytiotrophoblasts in vitro increase the IFN production. High-performance and immunoaffinity chromatography of the virus-induced trophoblast IFN preparations resulted in the isolation of three antigenically distinct IFNs, namely, alpha I, alpha II1 (omega 1), and beta with molecular masses of 16, 22 and 24 kDa, respectively, on SDS-PAGE. The human trophoblast IFNs have physical and antiviral activities characteristic of the Type 1 IFNs. The possible roles of the trophoblast IFNs in human placental and fetal development are also discussed in this review.
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Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Tóth FD, Petersen PM, Gildberg A, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Zachar V, Ebbesen P. Differential interferon production in human first and third trimester trophoblast cultures stimulated with viruses. Placenta 1993; 14:225-34. [PMID: 7685097 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(05)80263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of human placental first and third trimester trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cultures with viruses [Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Sendai virus] led to a high interferon (IFN) production. The magnitude of the production was dependent on the gestational age of the trophoblast, type of inducer and the stage of differentiation of the trophoblast. The data obtained indicated that the first trimester trophoblast cultures produced five to sixfold more IFN than the third trimester trophoblast on per cell basis whereas syncytiotrophoblast at term produced twice as much IFN than the mononuclear term trophoblast when stimulated with the viruses. NDV and Sendai virus produced different levels and composition of IFN-alpha and -beta in both first and third trimester trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cultures. Purification of the virus-induced trophoblast interferons (tro-IFNs) by tandem high-performance affinity chromatography resulted in specific activities between 0.7 and 2.7 x 10(8) IU/mg of protein when assayed on human amniotic WISH cells. The tro-IFN-alpha protected both human and bovine MDBK cells from virus infection whereas the tro-IFN-beta protected only the human cell lines tested. The possible roles of the tro-IFNs are discussed in light of the observed differences in trophoblast IFN response.
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Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Zachar V, Petersen PM, Hager H, Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Ebbesen P. In vitro infection of human placental trophoblast by wild-type vaccinia virus and recombinant virus expressing HIV envelope glycoprotein. Res Virol 1992; 143:321-8. [PMID: 1480824 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2516(06)80120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Short-time (< or = 7 days) cultures of trophoblast mononuclear cells isolated from term placentae were challenged with vaccinia virus. Cytopathic effects were induced in crude placental cell preparations as well as in cultures established after negative immunosorting of major histocompatibility complex class I epitope-expressing cells, i.e. cultures exclusively derived from villous cytotrophoblast according to our present state of knowledge. The trophoblast in vitro supported a full replicative cycle of both wild-type viruses and a recombinant clone serving as a vector for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gene. Results may shed light on mechanisms involved in the rarely observed foetal damage caused by smallpox vaccination during pregnancy.
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Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Tóth FD, Dalsgaard AM, Petersen PM, Zachar V, Ebbesen P. Isolation, purification and biochemical characterization of human placental interferons by tandem high-performance affinity chromatography. Prep Biochem 1992; 22:105-21. [PMID: 1377824 DOI: 10.1080/10826069208021362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human placental trophoblasts, fibroblasts and the trophoblast-derived malignant cell JAR are potent producers of interferons (IFNs) when stimulated with Sendai virus. The three cell lines produced different levels and compositions of IFN-alpha subtypes and IFN-beta. Anti-IFN globulins, Cibacron Blue F3GA and Concanavalin A were covalently immobilized on pressure-stable, macroporous polymeric matrices derivatized with vinyl sulphone (HEMA-BIO 1000 VS and HEMA 1000 VS). These supports were packed in biocompatible PEEK columns and were coupled with switching valves, to develop a tandem high-performance affinity chromatographic (HPAC) method for the isolation, purification and biochemical characterization of the IFNs produced in Sendai virus-stimulated human placental trophoblasts, fibroblasts and trophoblast-derived malignant cell, JAR, cultures. Silver-stained SDS-PAGE and gel densitometric analysis revealed the purity of the purified proteins to be between 94 and 98%. Specific activities of the purified IFNs ranged between 0.37-2.76 x 10(8) IU/mg of protein with cumulative recoveries between 90 and 92.2%. The purified IFN components exhibited quantitatively different antiviral activities in human and bovine cell lines. The utility of the tandem method for the purification and characterization of human type 1 IFNs produced from other cell lines are also discussed.
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Petersen PM, Edvold B, Buchhave P, Andersen PE, Marrakchi A. Photorefractive particle image velocimetry: performance enhancement with bismuth silicon oxide crystals. Opt Lett 1992; 17:619-621. [PMID: 19794577 DOI: 10.1364/ol.17.000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The polarization properties of diffraction from bismuth silicon oxide crystals are used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of a photorefractive particle image velocimeter. We explain these diffraction characteristics by using a simple picture of the processing steps and the beam-propagation method, accounting for the multiplicity of the recorded gratings. Experimental measurements are also presented.
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Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Aboagye-Mathisen G, Juhl CB, Petersen PM, Zachar V, Ebbesen P. Herpes simplex virus infection of cultured human term trophoblast. J Med Virol 1992; 36:162-6. [PMID: 1314282 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890360303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear trophoblast cells were isolated from term placentas of uncomplicated pregnancies, purified to homogeneity by negative immunomagnetic separation using monoclonal antibodies to the major histocompatibility complex, and challenged with herpes simplex virus (HSV). The cultures were highly susceptible to virus-induced cytopathic effect as evidenced by cytopathic alteration and inhibition of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion. Both HSV I and II underwent a full replicative cycle in the trophoblast, although the production of progeny virus was 10-100 times less than that obtained with placental fibroblasts or choriocarcinoma cells. The permissiveness was independent of in vitro syncytial differentiation of the trophoblast. The results suggest that the trophoblast layer may be involved in intrauterine HSV infection.
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Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Tóth FD, Juhl C, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Petersen PM, Zachar V, Ebbesen P. Characterization of Sendai virus-induced human placental trophoblast interferons. J Gen Virol 1991; 72 ( Pt 8):1871-6. [PMID: 1714941 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-8-1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placental trophoblast cultures produce a mixture of interferons (IFNs) when challenged with Sendai virus. High-performance dye-ligand and immunoaffinity chromatography of a trophoblast IFN (tro-IFN) preparation enabled the isolation of three antigenically distinct IFNs, alpha I, alpha II 1 and beta, with Mrs of 16K, 22K and 24K respectively, by reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE. The major IFN, responsible for 75% of the total antiviral activity, was tro-IFN-beta, with the remaining activity being due to tro-IFN-alpha I and tro-IFN-alpha II 1, as determined by an antiviral neutralization test using specific anti-human IFN antibodies. The antiviral activities of the tro-IFNs were stable at pH 2.0 for 24 h and tro-IFN-alpha II 1 and -beta were shown to be glycoproteins. The three tro-IFNs showed different antiviral activities when assayed on human and bovine cell species; tro-IFN-alpha I and alpha II 1 protected both human and bovine (MDBK) cells from virus infection, whereas tro-IFN-beta showed a high degree of species specificity, protecting only the human cell types tested.
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Pedersen NA, Bang LE, Petersen PM. [Dopexamine hydrochloride. A new synthetic sympathomimetic]. Ugeskr Laeger 1991; 153:1600-2. [PMID: 1676196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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43
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Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Toth FD, Juhl C, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Petersen PM, Ebbesen P. Purification of human placental trophoblast interferon by two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography. Prep Biochem 1991; 21:35-51. [PMID: 1857683 DOI: 10.1080/10826069108021514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human placental trophoblast challenged with Sendai virus induced IFNs mainly of the beta-type (75%) and relatively low levels of the alpha-type (25%). A two-step high performance liquid chromatographic procedure ("two-dimensional HPLC") has been developed for the complete purification of the placental trophoblast interferon beta (tro-IFN-beta) from serum-containing culture supernatant. The method involved a combination of high performance liquid affinity chromatography (HPLAC) on Cibacron Blue 3GA immobilized on an activated pressure stable macroporous synthetic polymer, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate vinyl sulphone (HEMA-BIO 1000 VS), as the first dimension and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on Separon SGX C-18 as the second. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblot experiments showed that the tro-IFN-beta was present as a 24 kDa protein. Densitometric scanning analysis of Coomassie-stained gel revealed the purity of the final preparation to be greater than 99%. The purified tro-IFN-beta had a specific activity of 1.03 x 10(8) IU/mg of protein and the overall recovery was 81% of the total IFN-beta activity in the crude preparation and 61% of the total IFN activity.
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Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Tóth FD, Juhl C, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Petersen PM, Ebbesen P. Purification and initial characterization of human placental trophoblast interferon induced by polyriboinosinic.polyribocytidylic acid. J Gen Virol 1990; 71 ( Pt 12):3061-6. [PMID: 1703216 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-71-12-3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placental trophoblast interferon (tro-IFN), induced in trophoblast cultures by a superinduction procedure, was purified to a homogeneous product with retention of biological activity. The problems associated with isolation from serum-containing medium were overcome by a combination of Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) on Separon SGX C-18. This two-step purification procedure yielded tro-IFN with a specific activity of 3.4 x 10(7) international units/mg of protein. The overall recovery of interferon activity was 66.7%. The purified tro-IFN was shown to be a glycoprotein with an Mr of 24K on native and SDS-PAGE. Its antiviral activity was stable at pH 2.0 at 37 degrees C but was sensitive to heat at 56 degrees C for 1 h and was neutralized by antibodies to human IFN-beta.
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Ebbesen P, Petersen PM, Jepsen A, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Nielsen CM, Philipsen HP, Arenholt-Bindslev D, Nara P. Explants of human oral epithelium exposed to viruses and cancer chemotherapeutics. J Oral Pathol Med 1989; 18:481-4. [PMID: 2558179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1989.tb01347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cultures of proliferating epithelial cells were established from explants of normal human oral epithelium from healthy young volunteers. The epithelial cells were found permissive for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, coxsackie virus A-4 and A-16, adenovirus type 5, measles vaccine, rubella and influenza type A virus-. Medium from DEAE-pretreated epithelial cultures infected with two subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus-1 showed an increasing content of virusprotein with time by antigen ELISA testing. In contrast there was no evidence of infection with coxsackie virus type B-2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and varicella zoster virus. Treatment of the epithelial cells with a non-cytotoxic dose of cancer chemotherapeutic prior to or after infection with coxsackie virus A-4 or herpes simplex virus type 1 influenced the virus production dependent on both compound, mode of application, and virus. Adriamycin (doxorubicin) in low dose was found to stimulate the production of the two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ebbesen
- Danish Cancer Society, Department of Virus and Cancer, Aarhus
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Petersen PM, Holbek S, Larsen AB, Kodal T. [Aplastic anemia following treatment with acetazolamide]. Ugeskr Laeger 1988; 150:1296-7. [PMID: 3381332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
A simple analytic theory for degenerate four-wave mixing in photorefractive media is presented. The theory is valid when the backward pump-beam intensity is much smaller than the forward pump-beam and probe-beam intensities.
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Petersen PM, Philipp M. Growth and Reproduction of Viscaria alpina on Greenland Soils with High and Low Copper Concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.2307/1551215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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