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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. The role of angiostatins in diabetic complications. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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52
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Torella D, Ellison GM, Torella M, Vicinanza C, Aquila I, Iaconetti C, Scalise M, Marino F, Henning BJ, Lewis FC, Gareri C, Lascar N, Cuda G, Salvatore T, Nappi G, Indolfi C, Torella R, Cozzolino D, Sasso FC. Carbonic anhydrase activation is associated with worsened pathological remodeling in human ischemic diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000434. [PMID: 24670789 PMCID: PMC4187518 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has multifactorial detrimental effects on myocardial tissue. Recently, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been shown to play a major role in diabetic microangiopathy but their role in the diabetic cardiomyopathy is still unknown. Methods and Results We obtained left ventricular samples from patients with DM type 2 (DM‐T2) and nondiabetic (NDM) patients with postinfarct heart failure who were undergoing surgical coronary revascularization. Myocardial levels of CA‐I and CA‐II were 6‐ and 11‐fold higher, respectively, in DM‐T2 versus NDM patients. Elevated CA‐I expression was mainly localized in the cardiac interstitium and endothelial cells. CA‐I induced by high glucose levels hampers endothelial cell permeability and determines endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro. Accordingly, capillary density was significantly lower in the DM‐T2 myocardial samples (mean±SE=2152±146 versus 4545±211/mm2). On the other hand, CA‐II was mainly upregulated in cardiomyocytes. The latter was associated with sodium‐hydrogen exchanger‐1 hyperphosphorylation, exaggerated myocyte hypertrophy (cross‐sectional area 565±34 versus 412±27 μm2), and apoptotic death (830±54 versus 470±34 per 106 myocytes) in DM‐T2 versus NDM patients. CA‐II is activated by high glucose levels and directly induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death in vitro, which are prevented by sodium‐hydrogen exchanger‐1 inhibition. CA‐II was shown to be a direct target for repression by microRNA‐23b, which was downregulated in myocardial samples from DM‐T2 patients. MicroRNA‐23b is regulated by p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and it modulates high‐glucose CA‐II–dependent effects on cardiomyocyte survival in vitro. Conclusions Myocardial CA activation is significantly elevated in human diabetic ischemic cardiomyopathy. These data may open new avenues for targeted treatment of diabetic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Endothelial PGC-1α mediates vascular dysfunction in diabetes. Cell Metab 2014; 19:246-58. [PMID: 24506866 PMCID: PMC4040246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a central hallmark of diabetes. The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α is a powerful regulator of metabolism, but its role in endothelial cells remains poorly understood. We show here that endothelial PGC-1α expression is high in diabetic rodents and humans and that PGC-1α powerfully blocks endothelial migration in cell culture and vasculogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, PGC-1α induces Notch signaling, blunts activation of Rac/Akt/eNOS signaling, and renders endothelial cells unresponsive to established angiogenic factors. Transgenic overexpression of PGC-1α in the endothelium mimics multiple diabetic phenotypes, including aberrant re-endothelialization after carotid injury, blunted wound healing, and reduced blood flow recovery after hindlimb ischemia. Conversely, deletion of endothelial PGC-1α rescues the blunted wound healing and recovery from hindlimb ischemia seen in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Endothelial PGC-1α thus potently inhibits endothelial function and angiogenesis, and induction of endothelial PGC-1α contributes to multiple aspects of vascular dysfunction in diabetes.
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54
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Warren CM, Ziyad S, Briot A, Der A, Iruela-Arispe ML. A ligand-independent VEGFR2 signaling pathway limits angiogenic responses in diabetes. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra1. [PMID: 24399295 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although vascular complications are a hallmark of diabetes, the molecular mechanisms that underlie endothelial dysfunction are unclear. We showed that reactive oxygen species generated from hyperglycemia promoted ligand-independent phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This VEGFR2 signaling occurred within the Golgi compartment and resulted in progressively decreased availability of VEGFR2 at the cell surface. Consequently, the responses of endothelial cells to exogenous VEGF in a mouse model of diabetes were impaired because of a specific deficiency of VEGFR2 at the cell surface, despite a lack of change in transcript abundance. Hyperglycemia-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 did not require intrinsic receptor kinase activity and was instead mediated by Src family kinases. The reduced cell surface abundance of VEGFR2 in diabetic mice was reversed by treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, suggesting a causative role for oxidative stress. These findings uncover a mode of ligand-independent VEGFR2 signaling that can progressively lead to continuously muted responses to exogenous VEGF and limit angiogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Warren
- 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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55
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HoWangYin KY, Loinard C, Bakker W, Guérin CL, Vilar J, D'Audigier C, Mauge L, Bruneval P, Emmerich J, Lévy BI, Pouysségur J, Smadja DM, Silvestre JS. HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase 2 Inhibition Enhances the Efficiency of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia. Stem Cells 2014; 32:231-43. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Loinard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire; Fontenay aux Roses France
| | | | | | - José Vilar
- INSERM UMRS 970; Fontenay aux Roses France
| | - Clément D'Audigier
- INSERM UMRS 765; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Service d'hématologie Biologique Paris France
| | - Laetitia Mauge
- INSERM UMRS 765; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Service d'hématologie Biologique Paris France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- AP-HP; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Service d'anatomie Pathologique Paris France
| | - Joseph Emmerich
- INSERM UMRS 765; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | | | - Jacques Pouysségur
- University of Nice, Institute of Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN)Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France and Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - David M. Smadja
- INSERM UMRS 765; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Service d'hématologie Biologique Paris France
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Sun Z, Shen Y, Lu L, Zhang RY, Pu LJ, Zhang Q, Yang ZK, Hu J, Chen QJ, Shen WF. Increased Serum Level of Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Is Associated With Poor Coronary Collateralization in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2014; 78:1191-6. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | | | - Li Jin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital
| | | | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital
| | - Qiu Jing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Gonzalez-Quesada C, Cavalera M, Biernacka A, Kong P, Lee DW, Saxena A, Frunza O, Dobaczewski M, Shinde A, Frangogiannis NG. Thrombospondin-1 induction in the diabetic myocardium stabilizes the cardiac matrix in addition to promoting vascular rarefaction through angiopoietin-2 upregulation. Circ Res 2013; 113:1331-44. [PMID: 24081879 PMCID: PMC4408537 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.302593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiac fibrosis. Matricellular proteins are induced in fibrotic conditions and modulate fibrogenic and angiogenic responses by regulating growth factor signaling. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the prototypical matricellular protein thrombospondin (TSP)-1, a potent angiostatic molecule and crucial activator of transforming growth factor-β, may play a key role in remodeling of the diabetic heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Obese diabetic db/db mice exhibited marked myocardial TSP-1 upregulation in the interstitial and perivascular space. To study the role of TSP-1 in remodeling of the diabetic heart, we generated and characterized db/db TSP-1(-/-) (dbTSP) mice. TSP-1 disruption did not significantly affect weight gain and metabolic function in db/db animals. When compared with db/db animals, dbTSP mice had increased left ventricular dilation associated with mild nonprogressive systolic dysfunction. Chamber dilation in dbTSP mice was associated with decreased myocardial collagen content and accentuated matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activity. TSP-1 disruption did not affect inflammatory gene expression and activation of transforming growth factor-β/small mothers against decapendaplegic signaling in the db/db myocardium. In cardiac fibroblasts populating collagen pads, TSP-1 incorporation into the matrix did not activate transforming growth factor-β responses, but inhibited leptin-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. TSP-1 disruption abrogated age-associated capillary rarefaction in db/db mice, attenuating myocardial upregulation of angiopoietin-2, a mediator that induces vascular regression. In vitro, TSP-1 stimulation increased macrophage, but not endothelial cell, angiopoietin-2 synthesis. CONCLUSIONS TSP-1 upregulation in the diabetic heart prevents chamber dilation by exerting matrix-preserving actions on cardiac fibroblasts and mediates capillary rarefaction through effects that may involve angiopoietin-2 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gonzalez-Quesada
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michele Cavalera
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Anna Biernacka
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ping Kong
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Amit Saxena
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Olga Frunza
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Marcin Dobaczewski
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Arti Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Abstract
RATIONALE Arteriogenesis is the process of formation of arterial conduits. Its promotion is an attractive therapeutic strategy in occlusive atherosclerotic diseases. Despite the functional and clinical importance of arteriogenesis, the biology of the process is poorly understood. Synectin, a gene previously implicated in the regulation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor signaling, offers a unique opportunity to determine relative contributions of various cell types to arteriogenesis. OBJECTIVE We investigated the cell-autonomous effects of a synectin knockout in arterial morphogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS A floxed synectin knockin mouse line was crossbred with endothelial-specific (Tie2, Cdh5, Pdgfb) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain-specific Cre driver mouse lines to produce cell type-specific deletions. Ablation of synectin expression in endothelial, but not smooth muscle cells resulted in the presence of developmental arterial morphogenetic defects (smaller size of the arterial tree, reduced number of arterial branches and collaterals) and impaired arteriogenesis in adult mice. CONCLUSIONS Synectin modulates developmental and adult arteriogenesis in an endothelial cell-autonomous fashion. These findings show for the first time that endothelial cells are central to both developmental and adult arteriogenesis and provide a model for future studies of factors involved in this process.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Arteries/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Genotype
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phenotype
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Moraes
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Zhen W. Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Anthony Lanahan
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanover, NH
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Secretoneurin gene therapy improves blood flow in an ischemia model in type 1 diabetic mice by enhancing therapeutic neovascularization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74029. [PMID: 24086307 PMCID: PMC3781158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient angiogenesis after ischemia may contribute to worse outcome of peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Based on our previous work where we demonstrated that Secretoneurin (SN) is up-regulated under hypoxic conditions and enhances angiogenesis, we analyzed the therapeutic potential of SN gene therapy using a model of severe hind limb ischemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ-DM). After induction of hind limb ischemia, blood flow was assessed by means of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and increased blood perfusion in the SN-treated animal group was observed. These results were complemented by the clinical observation of reduced necrosis and by an increased number of capillaries and arterioles in the SN-treated animal group. In vitro, we found that SN is capable of promoting proliferation and chemotaxis and reduces apoptosis in HUVECs cultured under hyperglycemic conditions. Additionally, SN activated ERK, eNOS and especially AKT as well as EGF-receptor in hyperglycemic HUVECs. In conclusion, we show that SN gene therapy improves post-ischemic neovascularization in diabetic mice through stimulation of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis indicating a possible therapeutic role of this factor in ischemia-related diseases in diabetic patients.
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60
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Abstract
Since diabetic cardiomyopathy was first reported four decades ago, substantial information on its pathogenesis and clinical features has accumulated. In the heart, diabetes enhances fatty acid metabolism, suppresses glucose oxidation, and modifies intracellular signaling, leading to impairments in multiple steps of excitation–contraction coupling, inefficient energy production, and increased susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Loss of normal microvessels and remodeling of the extracellular matrix are also involved in contractile dysfunction of diabetic hearts. Use of sensitive echocardiographic techniques (tissue Doppler imaging and strain rate imaging) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy at an early stage, and a combination of the modalities allows differentiation of this type of cardiomyopathy from other organic heart diseases. Circumstantial evidence to date indicates that diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common but frequently unrecognized pathological process in asymptomatic diabetic patients. However, a strategy for prevention or treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy to improve its prognosis has not yet been established. Here, we review both basic and clinical studies on diabetic cardiomyopathy and summarize problems remaining to be solved for improving management of this type of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Miki
- Division of Cardiology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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61
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Cubbon RM, Mercer BN, Sengupta A, Kearney MT. Importance of insulin resistance to vascular repair and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:246-63. [PMID: 23466555 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic insulin resistance is apparent across a spectrum of clinical disorders, including obesity and diabetes, and is characterized by an adverse clustering of cardiovascular risk factors related to abnormal cellular responses to insulin. These disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent and represent a major global public health concern because of their association with significant increases in atherosclerosis-related mortality. Endogenous repair mechanisms are thought to retard the development of vascular disease, and a growing evidence base supports the adverse impact of the insulin-resistant phenotype upon indices of vascular repair. Beyond the impact of systemic metabolic changes, emerging data from murine studies also provide support for abnormal insulin signaling at the level of vascular cells in retarding vascular repair. Interrelated pathophysiological factors, including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, altered growth factor activity, and abnormal intracellular signaling, are likely to act in conjunction to impede vascular repair while also driving vascular damage. Understanding of these processes is shaping novel therapeutic paradigms that aim to promote vascular repair and regeneration, either by recruiting endogenous mechanisms or by the administration of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cubbon
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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62
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Wada K, Yu W, Elazizi M, Barakat S, Ouimet MA, Rosario-Meléndez R, Fiorellini JP, Graves DT, Uhrich KE. Locally delivered salicylic acid from a poly(anhydride-ester): impact on diabetic bone regeneration. J Control Release 2013; 171:33-7. [PMID: 23827476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) involves metabolic changes that can impair bone repair, including a prolonged inflammatory response. A salicylic acid-based poly(anhydride-ester) (SA-PAE) provides controlled and sustained release of salicylic acid (SA) that locally resolves inflammation. This study investigates the effect of polymer-controlled SA release on bone regeneration in diabetic rats where enhanced inflammation is expected. Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: diabetic group induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection or normoglycemic controls injected with citrate buffer alone. Three weeks after hyperglycemia development or vehicle injection, 5mm critical sized defects were created at the rat mandibular angle and treated with SA-PAE/bone graft mixture or bone graft alone. Rats were euthanized 4 and 12weeks after surgery, then bone fill percentage in the defect region was assessed by micro-computed tomography (CT) and histomorphometry. It was observed that bone fill increased significantly at 4 and 12weeks in SA-PAE/bone graft-treated diabetic rats compared to diabetic rats receiving bone graft alone. Accelerated bone formation in normoglycemic rats caused by SA-PAE/bone graft treatment was observed at 4weeks but not at 12weeks. This study shows that treatment with SA-PAE enhances bone regeneration in diabetic rats and accelerates bone regeneration in normoglycemic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Wada
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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63
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Wang Z, Zhang Q, Zhu W, Tao J, Wei M. Angiogenic changes in co-cultures of mast cells and myocardial microvascular endothelial cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1177-85. [PMID: 23467570 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between angiogenesis and the differential expression of growth factors and their receptors when myocardial microvascular endothelial cells (MMVECs) were co-cultured with mast cell granules (MCGs) under hyperglycemic conditions. MMVECs and mast cells (MCs) were isolated from Wistar rats. An in vitro angiogenesis assay was used to observe any differences when MMVECs were co-cultured with MCGs in normal or hyperglycemic medium. The mRNA and protein expression of growth factors and their receptors were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot analysis. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the upregulated mRNA and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the MMVECs; however, the expression of its receptor, fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt-1) and fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk‑1), decreased significantly, and the angiogenic ability of the MMVECs decreased under hyperglycemic conditions. The angiogenic ability of the MMVECs cultured under hyperglycemic conditions (even after the addition of MCGs) was inferior to that of the MMVECs cultured under normal glucose conditions. The specific inhibitor of tryptase, N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), suppressed angiogenesis regardless of the glucose concentration, and the specific inhibitor of chymase, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), was not as effective as TLCK, which was mainly detected under hyperglycemic conditions. High glucose levels have a profound effect on angiogenesis; this effect may be more pronounced than the effects of MCGs on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Sixth Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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64
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Ansley DM, Wang B. Oxidative stress and myocardial injury in the diabetic heart. J Pathol 2013; 229:232-41. [PMID: 23011912 DOI: 10.1002/path.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species play an integral role in both myocardial injury and repair. This dichotomy is differentiated at the level of species type, amount and duration of free radical generated. Homeostatic mechanisms designed to prevent free radical generation in the first instance, scavenge, or enzymatically convert them to less toxic forms and water, playing crucial roles in the maintenance of cellular structure and function. The outcome between functional recovery and dysfunction is dependent upon the inherent ability of these homeostatic antioxidant defences to withstand acute free radical generation, in the order of seconds to minutes. Alternatively, pre-existent antioxidant capacity (from intracellular and extracellular sources) may regulate the degree of free radical generation. This converts reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to the role of second messenger involved in cell signalling. The adaptive capacity of the cell is altered by the balance between death or survival signal converging at the level of the mitochondria, with distinct pathophysiological consequences that extends the period of injury from hours to days and weeks. Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance enhance oxidative stress in the diabetic myocardium that cannot adapt to ischaemia-reperfusion. Altered glucose flux, mitochondrial derangements and nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in the presence of decreased antioxidant defence and impaired prosurvival cell signalling may render the diabetic myocardium more vulnerable to injury, remodelling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ansley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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65
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Bonner JS, Lantier L, Hasenour CM, James FD, Bracy DP, Wasserman DH. Muscle-specific vascular endothelial growth factor deletion induces muscle capillary rarefaction creating muscle insulin resistance. Diabetes 2013; 62:572-80. [PMID: 23002035 PMCID: PMC3554359 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle insulin resistance is associated with a reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) action and muscle capillary density. We tested the hypothesis that muscle capillary rarefaction critically contributes to the etiology of muscle insulin resistance in chow-fed mice with skeletal and cardiac muscle VEGF deletion (mVEGF(-/-)) and wild-type littermates (mVEGF(+/+)) on a C57BL/6 background. The mVEGF(-/-) mice had an ~60% and ~50% decrease in capillaries in skeletal and cardiac muscle, respectively. The mVEGF(-/-) mice had augmented fasting glucose turnover. Insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose disappearance was blunted in mVEGF(-/-) mice. The reduced peripheral glucose utilization during insulin stimulation was due to diminished in vivo cardiac and skeletal muscle insulin action and signaling. The decreased insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake was independent of defects in insulin action at the myocyte, suggesting that the impairment in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake was due to poor muscle perfusion. The deletion of VEGF in cardiac muscle did not affect cardiac output. These studies emphasize the importance for novel therapeutic approaches that target the vasculature in the treatment of insulin-resistant muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Bonner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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66
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Tahergorabi Z, Khazaei M. Imbalance of angiogenesis in diabetic complications: the mechanisms. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:827-38. [PMID: 23272281 PMCID: PMC3530300 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease and a chronic health-care problem. Nowadays, because of alteration of lifestyle such as lack of exercise, intake of high fat diet subsequently obesity and aging population, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing quickly in around the world. The international diabetes federation estimated in 2008, that 246 million adults in worldwide suffered from diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of disease is expected to reach to 380 million by 2025. Although, mainly in management of diabetes focused on hyperglycemia, however, it is documented that abnormalities of angiogenesis may contribute in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Angiogenesis is the generation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Normal angiogenesis depends on the intricate balance between angiogenic factors (such as VEGF, FGF2, TGF-β, angiopoietins) and angiostatic factors (angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondins). Vascular abnormalities in different tissues including retina and kidney can play a role in pathogenesis of micro-vascular complications of diabetes; also vascular impairment contributes in macrovascular complications e.g., diabetic neuropathy and impaired formation of coronary collaterals. Therefore, identifying of different mechanisms of the diabetic complications can give us an opportunity to prevent and/or treat the following complications and improves quality of life for patients and society. In this review, we studied the mechanisms of angiogenesis in micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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67
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Streit U, Reuter H, Bloch W, Wahlers T, Schwinger RHG, Brixius K. Phosphorylation of myocardial eNOS is altered in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 114:1366-74. [PMID: 23264539 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00011.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation may be dysregulated in cardiac tissue of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D). We performed immunohistochemical measurements of translocated eNOS activation as well as eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177, Thr495, Ser 635, Ser114, and of the protein kinase B (Akt) in isolated right atrial trabeculae of patients undergoing cardiac bypass or valve surgery with (n = 12, 68.1 ± 2.5 yr) and without T2D (n = 12, 64.7 ± 2.7 yr). In addition, we investigated oxidative (8-isoprostane) and nitrosative stress markers (nitrotyrosine) as well as the effect of pharmacological stimulation of angiotensin (AT)-receptors on eNOS-phosphorylation. Translocation-dependent eNOS activation was similar in both groups. The same holds true for eNOS phosphorylation at Ser114. eNOS phosphorylation at Ser635 was significantly increased, whereas eNOS phosphorylation of Ser1177 was significantly decreased in the diabetic group paralleled by a decrease in phosphorylation of Akt and Thr495. These alterations were accompanied by a significant decrease in nitrotyrosine. After application of angiotensin II (10 μM, 2 min) for investigation of the AT-receptor-dependent eNOS stimulation, we did not find differences between the increases in eNOS Ser1177-phosphorylation in the nondiabetic (+39.7 ± 23.5%) and in the diabetic group (32.22 ± 11.45%). A simultaneous increase in Akt phosphorylation could not be observed. The present study indicates that T2D goes along with a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 under basal conditions in cardiac tissue. Whether this may be attributed to the insulin resistance of cardiac muscle has to be further investigated. Receptor-stimulated eNOS activation still works at least for angiotensin II-dependent eNOS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Streit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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68
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Kota SK, Meher LK, Jammula S, Kota SK, Krishna SVS, Modi KD. Aberrant angiogenesis: The gateway to diabetic complications. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:918-930. [PMID: 23226636 PMCID: PMC3510961 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic cum vascular syndrome with resultant abnormalities in both micro- and macrovasculature. The adverse long-term effects of diabetes mellitus have been described to involve many organ systems. Apart from hyperglycemia, abnormalities of angiogenesis may cause or contribute toward many of the clinical manifestations of diabetes. These are implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities of the retina, kidneys, and fetus, impaired wound healing, increased risk of rejection of transplanted organs, and impaired formation of coronary collaterals. A perplexing feature of the aberrant angiogenesis is that excessive and insufficient angiogenesis can occur in different organs in the same individual. The current article hereby reviews the molecular mechanisms including abnormalities in growth factors, cytokines, and metabolic derangements, clinical implications, and therapeutic options of dealing with abnormal angiogenesis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Kota
- Department of Endocrinology, Medwin Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit K. Meher
- Department of Medicine, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Orissa, India
| | - Sruti Jammula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, Orissa, India
| | - Siva K. Kota
- Department of Anesthesia, Central Security Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. V. S. Krishna
- Department of Endocrinology, Medwin Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kirtikumar D. Modi
- Department of Endocrinology, Medwin Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Current findings from the literature on the multifactorial genesis of macroangiopathy of diabetes mellitus (DM) were compiled using the PubMed database. The primary aim was to find an explanation for the morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of this form of atherosclerosis. The roles of advanced glycation end products (AGE), defective signal transduction and imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases in the increased progression of atherosclerosis in coronary and cerebral arteries as well as peripheral vascular disease are discussed. The restricted formation of collateral arteries (arteriogenesis) in diabetic patients with postischemic lesions is also a focus of attention. The increased level of prothrombotic factors and the role of diabetic neuropathy in DM are also taken into account. Therapeutic influences of AGE-RAGE (receptor of AGE) interactions on the vascular wall and the effects of endothelial progenitor cells in the repair of diabetic vascular lesions are additionally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kunz
- Lilienthalstr. 19, 14612, Falkensee, Deutschland.
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70
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Liu H, Yu S, Zhang H, Xu J. Angiogenesis impairment in diabetes: role of methylglyoxal-induced receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, autophagy and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46720. [PMID: 23056421 PMCID: PMC3463541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes impairs physiological angiogenesis by molecular mechanisms that are not fully understood. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a metabolite of glycolysis, is increased in patients with diabetes. This study defined the role of MGO in angiogenesis impairment and tested the mechanism in diabetic animals. Endothelial cells and mouse aortas were subjected to Western blot analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) protein levels and angiogenesis evaluation by endothelial cell tube formation/migration and aortic ring assays. Incubation with MGO reduced VEGFR2 protein, but not mRNA, levels in a time and dose dependent manner. Genetic knockdown of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) attenuated the reduction of VEGFR2. Overexpression of Glyoxalase 1, the enzyme that detoxifies MGO, reduced the MGO-protein adducts and prevented VEGFR2 reduction. The VEGFR2 reduction was associated with impaired angiogenesis. Suppression of autophagy either by inhibitors or siRNA, but not of the proteasome and caspase, normalized both the VEGFR2 protein levels and angiogenesis. Conversely, induction of autophagy either by rapamycin or overexpression of LC3 and Beclin-1 reduced VEGFR2 and angiogenesis. MGO increased endothelial LC3B and Beclin-1, markers of autophagy, which were accompanied by an increase of both autophagic flux (LC3 punctae) and co-immunoprecipitation of VEGFR2 with LC3. Pharmacological or genetic suppression of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) generation not only blocked the autophagy but also reversed the reduction of VEGFR2 and angiogenesis. Like MGO-treated aortas from normglycemic C57BL/6J mice, aortas from diabetic db/db and Akita mice presented reductions of angiogenesis or VEGFR2. Administration of either autophagy inhibitor ex vivo or superoxide scavenger in vivo abolished the reductions. Taken together, MGO reduces endothelial angiogenesis through RAGE-mediated, ONOO(-)dependent and autophagy-induced VEGFR2 degradation, which may represent a new mechanism for diabetic angiogenesis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Shujie Yu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Hua Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jian Xu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common vascular disease that reduces blood flow capacity to the legs of patients. PAD leads to exercise intolerance that can progress in severity to greatly limit mobility, and in advanced cases leads to frank ischemia with pain at rest. It is estimated that 12 to 15 million people in the United States are diagnosed with PAD, with a much larger population that is undiagnosed. The presence of PAD predicts a 50% to 1500% increase in morbidity and mortality, depending on severity. Treatment of patients with PAD is limited to modification of cardiovascular disease risk factors, pharmacological intervention, surgery, and exercise therapy. Extended exercise programs that involve walking approximately five times per week, at a significant intensity that requires frequent rest periods, are most significant. Preclinical studies and virtually all clinical trials demonstrate the benefits of exercise therapy, including improved walking tolerance, modified inflammatory/hemostatic markers, enhanced vasoresponsiveness, adaptations within the limb (angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and mitochondrial synthesis) that enhance oxygen delivery and metabolic responses, potentially delayed progression of the disease, enhanced quality of life indices, and extended longevity. A synthesis is provided as to how these adaptations can develop in the context of our current state of knowledge and events known to be orchestrated by exercise. The benefits are so compelling that exercise prescription should be an essential option presented to patients with PAD in the absence of contraindications. Obviously, selecting for a lifestyle pattern that includes enhanced physical activity prior to the advance of PAD limitations is the most desirable and beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Haas
- Angiogenesis Research Group, Muscle Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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72
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Xu L, Kanasaki K, Kitada M, Koya D. Diabetic angiopathy and angiogenic defects. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:13. [PMID: 22853690 PMCID: PMC3465576 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most serious health problems in the world. A major complication of diabetes is blood vessel disease, termed angiopathy, which is characterized by abnormal angiogenesis. In this review, we focus on angiogenesis abnormalities in diabetic complications and discuss its benefits and drawbacks as a therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications. Additionally, we discuss glucose metabolism defects that are associated with abnormal angiogenesis in atypical diabetic complications such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Division of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Broderick TL, Parrott CR, Wang D, Jankowski M, Gutkowska J. Expression of cardiac GATA4 and downstream genes after exercise training in the db/db mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:193-203. [PMID: 22809789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is a transcriptional factor expressed in heart that regulates the synthesis of structural and cardioprotective genes. We have demonstrated that low GATA4 expression in the db/db mouse heart is associated with reduced expression of key downstream genes, including oxytocin (OT) natriuretic peptide (A-, B-type), nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and myosin heavy chain (α-MHC). In this study, the effect of exercise on GATA4 expression and related genes was determined in the db/db mouse, a model that represents human type 2 diabetes. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-induced factor-α expression were also measured after 8 weeks of treadmill running. Compared with control littermates, db/db mice exhibited hyperglycemia and obesity, and exercise failed to improve these parameters. GATA4 expression was reduced in db/db hearts and this was associated with reduced expression of OT, OTR, ANP, BNP, eNOS, α-MHC, and ratio of α- to β-MHC, whereas mRNA expression of β-MHC and VEGF remained unchanged compared with control hearts. Exercise training increased GATA4 expression (mRNA and protein) but most genes regulated by GATA4 were not observed to increase accordingly. However, protein expression of eNOS, mRNA expression of α-MHC, ratio of α- to β-MHC, and protein expression of VEGF were increased in db/db hearts after exercise. In conclusion, while GATA4 expression is increased following exercise, not all structural and cardioprotective genes are expressed, suggesting other transcription factors may be involved in this regulation. Regardless of this effect, the positive effect of exercise training on key protective genes is evident in the db/db mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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74
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Khazaei M, Salehi E. Rosiglitazone enhances neovascularization in diabetic rat ischemic hindlimb model. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:312-7. [PMID: 23104577 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) may be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. In this study, we examined whether rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, can restore angiogenesis in a rat hindlimb ischemia model of diabetes. METHODS Male wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6 each): control, diabetic and control and diabetic rats who received rosiglitazone (8 mg/kg/day). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg; ip). After 21 days, serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) were measured and neovascularization in ischemic legs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Capillary density and capillary/fiber ratio in hindlimb ischemia of diabetic animals were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Rosiglitazone significantly restored neovascularization in diabetic animals (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS rosiglitazone enhances neovascularization in diabetic ischemic skeletal muscle and could be considered for treatment of peripheral artery disease in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Masuda T, Muto S, Fujisawa G, Iwazu Y, Kimura M, Kobayashi T, Nonaka-Sarukawa M, Sasaki N, Watanabe Y, Shinohara M, Murakami T, Shimada K, Kobayashi E, Kusano E. Heart angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy suppresses coronary angiogenesis and progresses diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1871-83. [PMID: 22389386 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00663.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To examine whether and how heart ANG II influences the coordination between cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and coronary angiogenesis and contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we used Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats treated without and with olmesartan medoxomil (an ANG II receptor blocker). In SDT rats, left ventricular (LV) ANG II, but not circulating ANG II, increased at 8 and 16 wk after diabetes onset. SDT rats developed LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction at 8 wk, followed by LV systolic dysfunction at 16 wk, without hypertension. The SDT rat LV exhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression at 8 wk and to a greater degree at 16 wk and interstitial fibrosis at 16 wk only. In SDT rats, coronary angiogenesis increased with enhanced capillary proliferation and upregulation of the angiogenic factor VEGF at 8 wk but decreased VEGF with enhanced capillary apoptosis and suppressed capillary proliferation despite the upregulation of VEGF at 16 wk. In SDT rats, the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 increased at 8 wk alone, whereas the expression of the antiangiogenic factor thrombospondin-1 increased at 16 wk alone. All these events, except for hyperglycemia or blood pressure, were reversed by olmesartan medoxomil. These results suggest that LV ANG II in SDT rats at 8 and 16 wk induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy without affecting hyperglycemia or blood pressure, which promotes and suppresses coronary angiogenesis, respectively, via VEGF and thrombospondin-1 produced from hypertrophied cardiomyocytes under chronic hypoxia. Thrombospondin-1 may play an important role in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Masuda
- Divisions of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Japan
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76
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Ybarra LF, Ribeiro HB, Silvestre OM, Campos CAHDM, Lopes ACDA, Esper RB, Bacal F, Ribeiro EE. Angiogenesis between coronary grafts through the aortic wall. Int J Cardiol 2012; 155:299-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sun D, Narsinh K, Wang H, Li C, Li W, Zhang Z, Li J, Cao F. Effect of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation in diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:537-47. [PMID: 22341692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the efficacy and proposed mechanism of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) transplantation for diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS One hundred and sixteen patients with STEMI who had successfully undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were divided into a diabetic group (n=51) and non-diabetic group (n=65). All of the patients received intracoronary injection of BMMNCs. RESULTS Diabetes down-regulated IGF-1, IGFBP-5, VEGF, SDF-1, IL-6, IL-1α and TNF-α expression and affected the expression of Bmi-1, Gfi1, Tel and Hox-B4 which could prevent premature senescence and maintain the self-renewal capacity of stem cells. Event-free survival rates were not statistically different between the diabetic and non-diabetic group (80% vs. 72.5%, p=0.382). LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion score index (WMSI) were evaluated by echocardiography and found to be significantly improved in the non-diabetic group compared to the diabetic group over the 4-year follow-up period. Improved myocardial perfusion and reduced infarct size in the non-diabetic group compared to the diabetic group was verified using single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging. The non-diabetic group also had reduced anginal symptoms as assessed by changes in their Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores and Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Functional Angina classification. An improvement of 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) was also noted to be higher in the non-diabetic group during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the beneficial effect of BMMNCs transplantation for STEMI is less pronounced in diabetic patients. The mechanism is associated with decreased BMMNCs function in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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78
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Gu JH, Lee JS, Kim DW, Yoon ES, Dhong ES. Neovascular potential of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) from diabetic patients. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 20:243-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ja Hea Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Korea University Guro Hospital; Guro-gu, Seoul; Korea
| | - Jae Sun Lee
- Medical Science Institute; Korea University Ansan Hospital; Danwon-gu, Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - Deok-Woo Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital; Danwon-gu; Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - Eul-Sik Yoon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital; Danwon-gu; Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Dhong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital; Danwon-gu; Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do; Korea
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Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase improves angiogenesis via enhancing Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling in diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:836759. [PMID: 22454630 PMCID: PMC3291112 DOI: 10.1155/2012/836759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with impairment of angiogenesis such as reduction of myocardial capillary formation. Our previous studies demonstrate that disruption of Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1)/Tie-2 signaling pathway contributes to the diabetes-associated impairment of angiogenesis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) has a critical role in the regulation of insulin signal by inhibition of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation. In present study, we examined the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) in diabetes-associated impairment of Ang-1/Tie-2 angiogenic signaling and angiogenesis. SHP-1 expression was significantly increased in diabetic db/db mouse hearts. Furthermore, SHP-1 bond to Tie-2 receptor and stimulation with Ang-1 led to SHP-1 dissociation from Tie-2 in mouse heart microvascular endothelial cell (MHMEC). Exposure of MHMEC to high glucose (HG, 30 mmol/L) increased SHP-1/Tie-2 association accompanied by a significant reduction of Tie-2 phosphorylation. Exposure of MHMEC to HG also blunted Ang-1-mediated SHP-1/Tie-2 dissociation. Knockdown of SHP-1 significantly attenuated HG-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in MHMEC. Treatment with PTP inhibitors restored Ang-1-induced Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and angiogenesis. Our data implicate a critical role of SHP-1 in diabetes-associated vascular complications, and that upregulation of Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling by targeting SHP-1 should be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes-associated impairment of angiogenesis.
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80
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Kolluru GK, Bir SC, Kevil CG. Endothelial dysfunction and diabetes: effects on angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and wound healing. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:918267. [PMID: 22611498 PMCID: PMC3348526 DOI: 10.1155/2012/918267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with DM are frequently afflicted with ischemic vascular disease or wound healing defect. It is well known that type 2 DM causes amplification of the atherosclerotic process, endothelial cell dysfunction, glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins, and vascular denervation. These complications ultimately lead to impairment of neovascularization and diabetic wound healing. Therapeutic angiogenesis remains an attractive treatment modality for chronic ischemic disorders including PAD and/or diabetic wound healing. Many experimental studies have identified better approaches for diabetic cardiovascular complications, however, successful clinical translation has been limited possibly due to the narrow therapeutic targets of these agents or the lack of rigorous evaluation of pathology and therapeutic mechanisms in experimental models of disease. This paper discusses the current body of evidence identifying endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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81
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Basic Science Concepts. Coron Artery Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84628-712-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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82
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Chen JX, Zeng H, Reese J, Aschner JL, Meyrick B. Overexpression of angiopoietin-2 impairs myocardial angiogenesis and exacerbates cardiac fibrosis in the diabetic db/db mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H1003-12. [PMID: 22180648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00866.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The angiopoietins/Tie-2 system is essential for the maintenance of vascular integrity and angiogenesis. The functional role of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in the regulation of angiogenesis is dependent on other growth factors such as VEGF and a given physiopathological conditions. This study investigates the potential role of Ang-2 in myocardial angiogenesis and fibrosis formation in the diabetic db/db mouse. Diabetic db/db mice received intramyocardial administration of either adenovirus Ang-2 (Ad-CMV-Ang-2) or Ad-β-gal. The levels of Tie-2, VEGF, caspase-3, Wnt7b, fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) expression were measured. Apoptosis, capillary density, and cardiac fibrosis were also analyzed in the db/db mouse hearts. Overexpression of Ang-2 suppressed Tie-2 and VEGF expression in db/db mouse hearts together with significant upregulation of Wnt7b expression. Overexpression of Ang-2 also sensitizes ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in db/db mouse hearts. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that overexpression of Ang-2 resulted in a gradual apoptosis as well as interstitial fibrosis formation, these leading to a significant loss of capillary density. Data from these studies were confirmed in cultured mouse heart microvascular endothelial cells (MHMEC) exposed to excessive Ang-2. Exposure of MHMEC to Ang-2 resulted in increased caspase-3 activity and endothelial apoptosis. Knockdown of Ang-2 attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Further, counterbalance of Ang-2 by overexpression of Ang-1 reversed loss of capillary density and fibrosis formation in db/db mouse hearts. Our data demonstrate that Ang-2 increases endothelial apoptosis, sensitizes myocardial microvascular inflammation, and promotes cardiac fibrosis and thus contributes to loss of capillary density in diabetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Choi SK, Galán M, Partyka M, Trebak M, Belmadani S, Matrougui K. Chronic inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) augments vascular response to limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:410-8. [PMID: 22067908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a key risk factor for ischemia-dependent pathology; therefore, a significant medical need exists to develop novel therapies that increase the formation of new vessels. We explored the therapeutic potential of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFRtk) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibition in impaired ischemia-induced neovascularization in type 2 diabetes. Unilateral femoral artery ligation was performed in diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) and their control (db(-)/db(+)) mice for 4 weeks, followed by treatments with EGFRtk and ERK1/2 inhibitors (AG1478, 10 mg/kg/day and U0126, 400 μg/kg/day, respectively) for 3 weeks. Neovascularization, blood flow recovery, vascular and capillary density, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity were significantly impaired and were associated with enhanced EGFRtk and ERK1/2 activity in db(-)/db(-) mice. EGFRtk and ERK1/2 inhibitors did not have any effect in control mice, while in db(-)/db(-) mice there was a significant increase in neovascularization, blood flow recovery, vascular and capillary density, endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and were associated with a decrease in EGFRtk and ERK1/2 activity. Our data demonstrated that the inhibition of EGFRtk and ERK1/2 restored ischemia-induced neovascularization and blood flow recovery in type 2 diabetic mice. Thus, EGFRtk and ERK1/2 could be possible targets to protect from ischemia-induced vascular pathology in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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85
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Therapeutic neovascularization for coronary disease: current state and future prospects. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:897-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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86
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Wang B, Raedschelders K, Shravah J, Hui Y, Safaei HG, Chen DDY, Cook RC, Fradet G, Au CL, Ansley DM. Differences in myocardial PTEN expression and Akt signalling in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 74:705-13. [PMID: 21521253 PMCID: PMC3378665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.03979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes experience increased cardiovascular complications after cardiac surgery. Hyperglycaemia predicts increased mortality after myocardial infarction and may influence cardiovascular risk in humans. Impaired prosurvival phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (PTEN)-Akt signalling could be an important feature of the diabetic heart rendering it resistant to preconditioning. This study was designed to evaluate for differences and relationships of myocardial PTEN-Akt-related signalling and baseline glycaemic control marker in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS Right atrial biopsies and coronary sinus blood were obtained from 18 type 2 diabetic and 18 nondiabetic patients intraoperatively. Expression and phosphorylation of Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Bcl-2 and PTEN were evaluated by Western blot. Plasma 15-F(2t) -isoprostane concentrations were evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS PTEN expression and 15-F(2t) -isoprostane concentrations were significantly higher in diabetic patients. Increased fasting blood glucose levels correlated with increased coronary sinus plasma 15-F(2t) -isoprostane concentrations. Increased cardiac 15-F(2t) -isoprostane generation was highly correlated with myocardial PTEN expression. Bcl-2 expression and eNOS phosphorylation were significantly lower in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients. Akt phosphorylation tended to be lower in diabetic patients; however, this tendency failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that prosurvival PTEN-Akt signalling is impaired in the diseased diabetic myocardium. Hyperglycaemia and increased oxidative stress may contribute to this phenomenon. These findings strengthen the understanding of the underlying biologic mechanisms of cardiac injury in diabetic patients, which could facilitate development of new treatments to prevent cardiovascular complications in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayant Shravah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David D. Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard C. Cook
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guy Fradet
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin L. Au
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David M. Ansley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis determine therapeutic effectiveness in type 2 diabetes. Int J Vasc Med 2011; 2011:971524. [PMID: 21748023 PMCID: PMC3124951 DOI: 10.1155/2011/971524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under common practice, recognition and treatment of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) are usually revealed at a rather late stage (CKD stages 3-5) due to the insensitiveness of available diagnostic markers. Accumulating data obtained from vascular homeostasis in late stage DN demonstrated (1) a defective angiogenesis and impaired NO production which explains the therapeutic resistance to vasodilators and the inability to correct chronic renal ischemia and (2) an abnormally elevated antiangiogenesis and a progressive vascular disease which correlates with the altered renal hemodynamics characterized by a progressive reduction in renal perfusion as the disease severity progressed. In contract, the vascular homeostasis is adequately functional in early stage DN. Thus, vasodilator treatment at early stage DN (CKD stages 1-2) can enhance renal perfusion, correct the renal ischemia, and restore renal function.
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88
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Porto I, Dato I, Di Vito L, De Maria GL, Tritarelli A, Leone AM, Paglia A, Capogrossi MC, Biasucci LM, Crea F. Differential levels of circulating progenitor cells in acute coronary syndrome patients with a first event versus patients with recurring events. Int J Cardiol 2011; 149:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nandy D, Mukhopadhyay D, Basu A. Both vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble Flt-1 are increased in type 2 diabetes but not in impaired fasting glucose. J Investig Med 2011; 58:804-6. [PMID: 20571438 DOI: 10.231/jim.0b013e3181e96203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inadequate vascular remodeling is contributory to increased cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its regulatory molecule soluble Flt-1(sFlt-1) play important roles in atherogenesis. RESEARCH DESIGN We measured fasting plasma concentrations of VEGF and sFlt-1 in 11 nondiabetic (ND) (aged 46.1 +/- 2.1 years; body mass index [BMI], 26.1 +/- 0.9 kg/m; glucose, 5.0 +/- 0.1 mM), 15 IFG (aged 52.9 +/- 1.8 years; BMI, 32.7 +/- 1.3 kg/m; glucose, 6.4 +/- 0.1 mM), and 8 DM (aged 55.8 +/- 3.2 years; BMI, 30.0 +/- 1.0 kg/m; glucose, 9.3 +/- 0.5 mM) subjects. RESULTS Plasma VEGF (42.1 +/- 4.0 vs 24.2 +/- 0.9 vs 29.4 +/- 3.8 pg/mL, respectively) and sFlt-1 (119.4 +/- 4.9 vs 58.9 +/- 3.2 vs 56.7 +/- 1.2 pg/mL, respectively) concentrations were higher (P < 0.04) in DM than IFG and ND subjects. Whereas VEGF concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in IFG than in ND subjects, sFlt-1 concentrations did not differ between the IFG and ND subjects. CONCLUSIONS Although plasma VEGF concentrations were higher (35%) in DM than in ND subjects, VEGF action on vascular remodeling was likely attenuated by higher sFlt-1 concentrations in DM. In contrast, IFG subjects did not have major perturbations in either VEGF or sFlt-1 levels. Further studies defining the roles of these mediators in DM and IFG are necessary to extend these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Nandy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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90
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Khazaei M, Fallahzadeh AR, Sharifi MR, Afsharmoghaddam N, Javanmard SH, Salehi E. Effects of diabetes on myocardial capillary density and serum angiogenesis biomarkers in male rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1419-24. [PMID: 21915494 PMCID: PMC3161222 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. This study evaluated the effects of diabetes on myocardial capillary density and several serum angiogenic factors including nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. METHODS Twelve male rats were divided into two groups: control and diabetic (n = 6 each). Diabetes was induced with a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). After 21 days, capillary density in the myocardial tissue was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and is reported as capillaries per mm². Blood samples were collected before and after the induction of diabetes. RESULTS In the diabetic group, serum nitric oxide and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 concentrations were lower than the levels in the control group, while the level of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 was significantly higher. There was no significant change in the serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentration between the diabetic and control groups; however, the ratio of vascular endothelial growth factor to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 was significantly lower in the diabetic animals. The myocardial capillary density was also lower in the diabetic group compared with the control group (1549 ± 161 vs. 2156 ± 202/mm², respectively). CONCLUSION Reduced serum nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 levels, increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 levels and a lower vascular endothelial growth factor to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ratio may be responsible for the decreased myocardial capillary density in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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91
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Di Marco GS, Reuter S, Kentrup D, Ting L, Ting L, Grabner A, Jacobi AM, Pavenstädt H, Baba HA, Tiemann K, Brand M. Cardioprotective effect of calcineurin inhibition in an animal model of renal disease. Eur Heart J 2010; 32:1935-45. [PMID: 21138940 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic kidney disease is directly associated with cardiovascular complications. Heart remodelling, including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and decreased vascularization, is frequently present in renal diseases. Our objective was to investigate the impact of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) on cardiac remodelling and function in a rat model of renal disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: sham-operated rats, 5/6 nephrectomized rats (Nx) treated with vehicle, CNI (cyclosporine A 5.0 or 7.5, or tacrolimus 0.5 mg/kg/day) or hydralazine (20 mg/kg twice a day) for 14 days, starting on the day of surgery. Creatinine clearance was significantly lower and blood pressure significantly higher in Nx rats when compared with controls. Morphological and echocardiographic analyses revealed increased left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased number of capillaries in Nx rats. Treatment with CNI affected neither the renal function nor the blood pressure, but prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy and improved vascularization. In addition, regional blood volume improved as confirmed by contrast agent-based echocardiography. Hydralazine treatment did not avoid heart remodelling in this model. Gene expression analysis verified a decrease in hypertrophic genes in the heart of CNI-treated rats, while pro-angiogenic and stem cell-related genes were upregulated. Moreover, mobilization of stem/progenitor cells was increased through manipulation of the CD26/SDF-1 system. CONCLUSION We conclude from our studies that CNI-treatment significantly prevented cardiac remodelling and improved heart function in Nx rats without affecting renal function and blood pressure. This sheds new light on possible therapeutic strategies for renal patients at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana S Di Marco
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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92
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Urbieta Caceres VH, Lin J, Zhu XY, Favreau FD, Gibson ME, Crane JA, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Early experimental hypertension preserves the myocardial microvasculature but aggravates cardiac injury distal to chronic coronary artery obstruction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 300:H693-701. [PMID: 21131477 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00516.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death. Hypertension (HT) increases the incidence of cardiac events, but its effect on cardiac adaptation to coexisting coronary artery stenosis (CAS) is unclear. We hypothesized that concurrent HT modulates microvascular function in chronic CAS and aggravates microvascular remodeling and myocardial injury. Four groups of pigs (n=6 each) were studied: normal, CAS, HT, and CAS+HT. CAS and HT were induced by placing local irritant coils in the left circumflex coronary artery and renal artery, respectively. Six weeks later multidetector computerized tomography (CT) was used to assess systolic and diastolic function, microvascular permeability, myocardial perfusion, and responses to adenosine in the "area at risk." Microvascular architecture, inflammation, and fibrosis were then explored in cardiac tissue. Basal myocardial perfusion was similarly decreased in CAS and CAS+HT, but its response to adenosine was significantly more attenuated in CAS. Microvascular permeability in CAS+HT was greater than in CAS and was accompanied by amplified myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and microvascular remodeling, as well as cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction. On the other hand, compared with normal, micro-CT-derived microvascular (20-200 μm) transmural density decreased in CAS but not in HT or CAS+HT. We conclude that the coexistence of early renovascular HT exacerbated myocardial fibrosis and vascular remodeling distal to CAS. These changes were not mediated by loss of myocardial microvessels, which were relatively preserved, but possibly by exacerbated myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. HT modulates cardiac adaptive responses to CAS and bears cardiac functional consequences.
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93
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Circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cell mobilizing factors in the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106:1606-8. [PMID: 21040691 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are an emerging biomarker of vascular health. However, there are few data on the biology and mobilizing factors of EPCs in metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study was to assay EPC mobilizing factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor/c-kit ligand (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 levels, in patients with MS (n = 36) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 38). There was a significant reduction of 83% in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels in patients with MS. Also, there were decreases in SCF and SCF soluble receptor levels. However, there was no significant difference in stromal cell-derived factor-1 levels, and paradoxically, vascular endothelial growth factor levels were increased, consistent with resistance. In conclusion, in addition to progenitor cell exhaustion as a mechanism for the decrease in EPCs in patients with MS, they also have a mobilization defect, as manifested by decreased levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and SCF, resulting in a decrease in EPCs.
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94
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Cao L, Arany PR, Kim J, Rivera-Feliciano J, Wang YS, He Z, Rask-Madsen C, King GL, Mooney DJ. Modulating Notch signaling to enhance neovascularization and reperfusion in diabetic mice. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9048-56. [PMID: 20800279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes can diminish the responsiveness to angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF) important for wound healing and the treatment of ischemic diseases, and this study investigated the hypothesis that this effect can be reversed by altering Notch signaling. Aortic endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from diabetic mice demonstrated reduced sprouting capability in vitro, but adding a Notch inhibitor (DAPT) led to cell-density and VEGF-dose dependent enhancement of proliferation, migration and sprouting, in both 2-D and 3-D cultures, as compared to VEGF alone. The in vivo effects of VEGF and DAPT were tested in the ischemic hind limbs of diabetic mice. Combining VEGF and DAPT delivery resulted in increased blood vessel density (∼150%) and improved tissue perfusion (∼160%), as compared to VEGF alone. To examine if DAPT would interfere with vessel maturation, DAPT was also delivered with a combination of VEGF and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). DAPT and PDGF did not interfere with the effects of the other, and highly functional and mature networks of vessels could be formed with appropriate delivery. In summary, modulating Notch signaling enhances neovascularization and perfusion recovery in diabetic mice suffering from ischemia, suggesting this approach could have utility for human diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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95
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Akt2 deficiency promotes cardiac induction of Rab4a and myocardial β-adrenergic hypersensitivity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 49:931-40. [PMID: 20728450 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus can develop cardiac dysfunction in the absence of underlying coronary artery disease or hypertension; a condition defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mice lacking the intracellular protein kinase Akt2 develop a syndrome that is similar to diabetes mellitus type 2. Expression profiling of akt2(-/-) myocardium revealed that Rab4a, a GTPase involved in glucose transporter 4 translocation and β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) recycling to the plasma membrane, was significantly induced. We therefore hypothesized that Akt2 deficiency increases myocardial β-adrenergic sensitivity. Confirmatory analysis revealed up-regulation of Rab4a mRNA and protein in akt2(-/-) myocardium. In cultured cardiomyocyte experiments, Rab4a was induced by pharmacological inhibition of Akt as well as by specific knockdown of Akt2 with siRNA. Isolated akt2(-/-) hearts were hypersensitive to isoproterenol (ISO) but exhibited normal sensitivity to forskolin. Prolonged ISO treatment led to increased cardiac hypertrophy in akt2(-/-) mice compared to wild type mice. In addition, spontaneous hypertrophy was noted in aged akt2(-/-) hearts that was inhibited by treatment with the βAR blocker propranolol. In agreement with previous results demonstrating increased fatty acid oxidation rates in akt2(-/-) myocardium, we found increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activity in the hearts of these animals. Interestingly, increased myocardial Rab4a expression was present in mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PPARα and was also observed upon stimulation of PPARα activity in cultured cardiomyocytes. Accordingly, propranolol attenuated the development of cardiac hypertrophy in the PPARα transgenic mice as well. Our results indicate that reduced Akt2 leads to up-regulation of Rab4a expression in cardiomyocytes in a cell-autonomous fashion that may involve activation of PPARα. This maladaptive response is associated with hypersensitivity of akt2(-/-) myocardium to β-adrenergic stimulation.
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96
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Kim SY, Lee SH, Park S, Kang SM, Chung N, Shim WH, Cho SY, Sun Ha Jee, Manabe I, Jang Y. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1, and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2010; 62:176-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319710370963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), and coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated. Methods: We enrolled 112 hypertensive patients with proven CAD and 112 hypertensive controls matched for age and gender. The severity of CAD was assessed by the most severe clinical presentation of CAD in patients’ history and by the number of diseased vessels. Results: Vascular endothelial growth factor level was lower, whereas sFlt-1 level was higher in the CAD group compared to the controls. Diabetes mellitus (P = .001), smoking (P = .004), and higher sFlt-1 level (P = .01) were independently associated with CAD. Younger age (P = .02), smoking (P = .049), and higher VEGF levels (P = .02) were independently associated with a history of myocardial infarction (MI), whereas higher sFlt-1 level (P = .01) was independently associated with multivessel disease. Conclusion: Plasma sFlt-1 levels are positively associated with the presence of CAD and are associated with angiographical severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Kim
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsik Chung
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Heum Shim
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cho
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Nano-Bioengineering Education Program, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Abstract
Both cardio- and microvascular complications adversely affect the life quality of patients with diabetes and have been the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in this population. Cardiovascular pathologies of diabetes have an effect on microvenules, arteries, and myocardium. It is believed that hyperglycemia is one of the most important metabolic factors in the development of both micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetic patients. Several prominent hypotheses exist to explain the adverse effect of hyperglycemia. One of them is the chronic activation by hyperglycemia of protein kinase (PK)C, a family of enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins. PKC has been associated with vascular alterations such as increases in permeability, contractility, extracellular matrix synthesis, cell growth and apoptosis, angiogenesis, leukocyte adhesion, and cytokine activation and inhibition. These perturbations in vascular cell homeostasis caused by different PKC isoforms (PKC-alpha, -beta1/2, and PKC-delta) are linked to the development of pathologies affecting large vessel (atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy) and small vessel (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) complications. Clinical trials using a PKC-beta isoform inhibitor have been conducted, with some positive results for diabetic nonproliferative retinopathy, nephropathy, and endothelial dysfunction. This article reviews present understanding of how PKC isoforms cause vascular dysfunctions and pathologies in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Geraldes
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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98
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Kamada P, Dudek AZ. Sorafenib therapy for metastatic renal carcinoma in patients with low cardiac ejection fraction: report of two cases and literature review. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:501-4. [PMID: 20014944 DOI: 10.3109/07357900903476794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are known to have the potential for cardiotoxicity and should be used with caution in patients with cardiac comorbidities. A retrospective review identified two RCC cases treated with sorafenib in the context of preexisting cardiomyopathy. Sorafenib therapy resulted in disease stabilization of progressing RCC for both cases, without worsening of cardiac ejection fraction. Further evaluation of the cardiac safety of sorafenib in patients with cardiomyopathy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Kamada
- Department of Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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Jaumdally RJ, Goon PKY, Varma C, Blann AD, Lip GYH. Effects of atorvastatin on circulating CD34+/CD133+/ CD45- progenitor cells and indices of angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor and the angiopoietins 1 and 2) in atherosclerotic vascular disease and diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 2010; 267:385-93. [PMID: 19754853 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in the presence of diabetes, possibly because of endothelial damage. Increased circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) and increased plasma markers of angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the angiopoietins (Ang-1 and -2)] may be evidence of this damage. Treatment with hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors ('statins') improves outcomes in patients with vascular disease, including diabetic patients. We hypothesized that 80 mg per day atorvastatin influences CPC counts of VEGF and the angiopoietins in patients with atherosclerotic CVD with or without diabetes mellitus. METHODS Cardiovascular disease patients with diabetes mellitus (Group A, n = 14) and nondiabetic patients with CVD only (Group B, n = 10) took atorvastatin 80 mg per day for a period of 8-10 weeks. CPCs (CD34+/CD133+/CD45-) were defined by flow cytometry, plasma levels VEGF and Ang-1 and Ang-2 by ELISA). RESULTS Circulating progenitor cell counts increased (P < 0.001) in Group A compared with a nonsignificant change in Group B (P = 0.37). VEGF levels fell significantly in Group A (P = 0.04) but no significant change was seen in Group B (P = 0.16). Whilst Ang-1 remained unchanged (P = 0.41), Ang-2 levels increased markedly in both groups (P < 0.05). These effects were independent of LDL and total cholesterol changes but were associated with HDL changes. CONCLUSION High-dose atorvastatin increased circulating CPCs, reduced VEGF and increased Ang-2 in patients with diabetes and CVD, providing another possible pathophysiological mechanism for the beneficial effects of statins in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Jaumdally
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Ren B, Deng Y, Mukhopadhyay A, Lanahan AA, Zhuang ZW, Moodie KL, Mulligan-Kehoe MJ, Byzova TV, Peterson RT, Simons M. ERK1/2-Akt1 crosstalk regulates arteriogenesis in mice and zebrafish. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:1217-28. [PMID: 20237411 DOI: 10.1172/jci39837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial morphogenesis is an important and poorly understood process. In particular, the signaling events controlling arterial formation have not been established. We evaluated whether alterations in the balance between ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways could stimulate arterial formation in the setting of defective arterial morphogenesis in mice and zebrafish. Increased ERK1/2 activity in mouse ECs with reduced VEGF responsiveness was achieved in vitro and in vivo by downregulating PI3K activity, suppressing Akt1 but not Akt2 expression, or introducing a constitutively active ERK1/2 construct. Such restoration of ERK1/2 activation was sufficient to restore impaired arterial development and branching morphogenesis in synectin-deficient mice and synectin-knockdown zebrafish. The same approach effectively stimulated arterial growth in adult mice, restoring arteriogenesis in mice lacking synectin and in atherosclerotic mice lacking both LDL-R and ApoB48. We therefore conclude that PI3K-ERK1/2 crosstalk plays a key role in the regulation of arterial growth and that the augmentation of ERK signaling via suppression of the PI3K signaling pathway can effectively stimulate arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA
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