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Resistance training in addition to aerobic activity is associated with lower likelihood of depression and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms: A cross sectional analysis of Australian women. Prev Med 2019; 126:105773. [PMID: 31323284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mental health benefits of resistance training (RT) alone or beyond those provided by aerobic physical activity (PA) are unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between meeting recommendations for aerobic PA and/or RT, and symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Participants were Australian female members of the 10,000 Steps project (n = 5180, 50.0 ± 11.5 years). Symptoms of depression and anxiety were determined using the Depression Anxiety Stress Score. Participants were grouped as 'depression only', 'anxiety only', 'co-occurring depression and anxiety' or 'neither depression nor anxiety' based on relevant subscale score (cut-points: depression≥14 points, anxiety≥10 points). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form questionnaire was used to determine PA with an additional item to specify RT frequency. Participants were classified as adhering to 'aerobic PA only' (≥150 min PA/week), 'RT only' (RT ≥ 2 days/week), 'aerobic PA + RT' (≥150 min PA/week+RT ≥ 2 days/week), or 'neither aerobic PA nor RT' (<150 min PA/week+RT < 2 days/week). Adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR [95%CI]) were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models. Relative to the 'neither PA nor RT' (n = 2215), the probabilities of 'depression only' (n = 317) and 'co-occurring depression and anxiety' (n = 417) were lower for the 'aerobic PA only' (n = 1590) (RRR = 0.74 [0.56-0.97] and RRR = 0.76 [0.59-0.97] respectively), and 'both PA + RT' (n = 974) groups (RRR = 0.61 [0.43-0.86] and RRR = 0.47 [0.33-0.67] respectively). There were no associations between adhering to one or both recommendations and 'anxiety only' (n = 317), or between 'RT only' (n = 401) and depression and/or anxiety. Prevention and treatment strategies including both aerobic PA and RT may provide additional benefits for depression with or without comorbid anxiety.
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Christian LM. At the forefront of psychoneuroimmunology in pregnancy: Implications for racial disparities in birth outcomes PART 1: Behavioral risks factors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 117:319-326. [PMID: 31005626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Birth prior to full term is a substantial public health issue. In the US, ˜400,000 babies per year are born preterm (<37 weeks), while>1 million are early term (37-386/7 weeks). Birth prior to full term confers risk both immediate and long term, including neonatal intensive care, decrements in school performance, and increased mortality risk from infancy through young adulthood. Risk for low birth weight and preterm birth are 1.5-2 times greater among African Americans versus Whites. Psychosocial stress related to being a member of a discriminated racial minority group contributes substantially to these racial disparities. Providing promising targets for intervention, depressed mood, anxiety, and poor sleep are each linked with exposure to chronic stress, including racial discrimination. A rigorous transdisciplinary approach addressing these gaps holds great promise for clinical impact in addressing racial disparities as well as ameliorating effects of stress on perinatal health more broadly. As will be reviewed in a companion paper, the mechanistic roles of physiological sequelae to stress - including neuroendocrine, inflammatory regulation, biological aging, and the microbiome - also require delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Portugal LCL, Schrouff J, Stiffler R, Bertocci M, Bebko G, Chase H, Lockovitch J, Aslam H, Graur S, Greenberg T, Pereira M, Oliveira L, Phillips M, Mourão-Miranda J. Predicting anxiety from wholebrain activity patterns to emotional faces in young adults: a machine learning approach. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101813. [PMID: 31082774 PMCID: PMC6517640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is becoming increasingly clear that pathophysiological processes underlying psychiatric disorders categories are heterogeneous on many levels, including symptoms, disease course, comorbidity and biological underpinnings. This heterogeneity poses challenges for identifying biological markers associated with dimensions of symptoms and behaviour that could provide targets to guide treatment choice and novel treatment. In response, the research domain criteria (RDoC) (Insel et al., 2010) was developed to advocate a dimensional approach which omits any disease definitions, disorder thresholds, or cut-points for various levels of psychopathology to understanding the pathophysiological processes underlying psychiatry disorders. In the present study we aimed to apply pattern regression analysis to identify brain signatures during dynamic emotional face processing that are predictive of anxiety and depression symptoms in a continuum that ranges from normal to pathological levels, cutting across categorically-defined diagnoses. METHODS The sample was composed of one-hundred and fifty-four young adults (mean age=21.6 and s.d.=2.0, 103 females) consisting of eighty-two young adults seeking treatment for psychological distress that cut across categorically-defined diagnoses and 72 matched healthy young adults. Participants performed a dynamic face task involving fearful, angry and happy faces (and geometric shapes) while undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Pattern regression analyses consisted of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) implemented in the Pattern Recognition for Neuroimaging toolbox (PRoNTo). Predicted and actual clinical scores were compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and normalized mean squared error (MSE) to evaluate the models' performance. Permutation test was applied to estimate significance levels. RESULTS GPR identified patterns of neural activity to dynamic emotional face processing predictive of self-report anxiety in the whole sample, which covered a continuum that ranged from healthy to different levels of distress, including subthreshold to fully-syndromal psychiatric diagnoses. Results were significant using two different cross validation strategies (two-fold: r=0.28 (p-value=0.001), MSE=4.47 (p-value=0.001) and five fold r=0.28 (p-value=0.002), MSE=4.62 (p-value=0.003). The contributions of individual regions to the predictive model were very small, demonstrating that predictions were based on the overall pattern rather than on a small combination of regions. CONCLUSIONS These findings represent early evidence that neuroimaging techniques may inform clinical assessment of young adults irrespective of diagnoses by allowing accurate and objective quantitative estimation of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana C L Portugal
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Schrouff
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricki Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michele Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Henry Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jeanette Lockovitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Simona Graur
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Tsafrir Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mirtes Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Leticia Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Mary Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Janaina Mourão-Miranda
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, United Kingdom
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54
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The relationship of anxious and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease with voxel-based neuroanatomical and functional connectivity measures. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:580-588. [PMID: 30439681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are two frequent comorbidities of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying neural mechanism is still unclear and the studies on their neural correlates were insufficient. METHODS Using voxel-based neuroanatomical and functional connectivity (FC) measures, i.e. grey matter volume, fractional anisotropy, and weighted degree centrality (WD), we examined their correlations with the severity levels of anxious and depressive symptoms in 36 PD patients. RESULTS Positive correlations were shown between anxiety and the WDs in the left amygdala, and between depression and short-ranged WDs in the left parahippocampal gyrus. Using these two regions as the seeds, we found that the severity levels of anxiety and depression were positively correlated with the FCs between the two seeds and the areas in the default mode network (DMN), while negatively correlated with the FCs between the two seeds and the prefrontal and superior temporal cortices. Anxiety was also positively correlated with the FC between the amygdala and the superior parietal lobule. LIMITATIONS The severity levels of anxious and depressive symptoms of our participants is relatively mild than some previous studies. The cross-sectional design of this study cannot clarify the etiological relationship between PD and two comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS Our results were in line with the key roles of the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus in anxiety and depression, and reflected the distinct effects of the DMN, prefrontal and superior temporal cortices, and sensory-motor regions on emotional regulation. The identification of these neural substrates might assist clinical monitoring mood disturbances in PD.
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55
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Enoki H, Koda M, Nishimura S, Kondo T. Effects of attitudes towards ambiguity on subclinical depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. Health Psychol Open 2019; 6:2055102919840619. [PMID: 31057804 PMCID: PMC6452592 DOI: 10.1177/2055102919840619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of multidimensional attitudes towards ambiguity on subclinical depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale, consisting of four clusters (enjoyment, anxiety, exclusion, and noninterference), Self-Rating Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait version were administered to 1019 Japanese volunteers. The result of a regression analysis suggested that the score of Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale-enjoyment factor significantly contributed to the Self-Rating Depression Scale score while that of Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale-anxiety factor significantly contributed to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait score. Among attitudes toward ambiguity, enjoyment may have protective effects against subclinical depression whereas anxiety can enhance anxiety-trait in nonclinical individuals.
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56
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Fischer S, King S, Papadopoulos A, Hotopf M, Young AH, Cleare AJ. Hair cortisol and childhood trauma predict psychological therapy response in depression and anxiety disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 138:526-535. [PMID: 30302747 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Around 30-50% of patients with depression and anxiety disorders fail to respond to standard psychological therapy. Given that cortisol affects cognition, patients with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning may benefit less from such treatments. To investigate this, reliable pretreatment cortisol measures are needed. METHOD N = 89 outpatients with depression and anxiety disorders were recruited before undergoing therapy within an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service. Three-month hair cortisol was determined, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered. Patients were classified as responders if they showed significant decreases in depression (>= 6 points on the Patient Health Questionnaire) or anxiety (>= 5 points on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale). RESULTS Non-responders in terms of depression (57%) had lower pretreatment hair cortisol concentrations (P = 0.041) and reported more physical abuse (P = 0.024), sexual abuse (P = 0.010) and total trauma (P = 0.039) when compared to responders. Non-responders in terms of anxiety (48%) had lower pretreatment hair cortisol (P = 0.027), as well as higher levels of emotional abuse (P = 0.034), physical abuse (P = 0.042) and total trauma (P = 0.048). CONCLUSION If future research confirms hair cortisol to be a predictor of psychological therapy response, this may prove a useful clinical biomarker which identifies a subgroup requiring more intensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fischer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S King
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Papadopoulos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - A H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - A J Cleare
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Camberwell, London, UK
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57
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Deschênes SS, Burns RJ, Schmitz N. Comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Findings from the Lifelines Cohort Study. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:24-31. [PMID: 29852343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies indicate that depression is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), though there is considerable heterogeneity in reported estimates. Identifying homogeneous subgroups of depression strongly associated with T2D may be beneficial. This study examined associations between depression and anxiety comorbidity with the risk of T2D. METHODS 78,025 participants from the Lifelines Cohort Study (age range = 30-75 years) without diabetes at baseline were included in this study. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview assessed depressive and anxiety symptoms at baseline. Incident T2D was assessed by self-report or hemoglobin A1c levels during an approximately 3.8-year follow-up period. Risk of T2D was compared across four groups (no depressive or anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms alone, anxiety symptoms alone, comorbid depressive/anxiety symptoms) using mixed effects logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiometabolic characteristics. RESULTS 1,096 participants developed diabetes. Compared to those without depressive or anxiety symptoms (n = 74,467), those with comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms (n = 743) were more likely to develop T2D (n = 28, OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.22-3.68). Depressive symptoms alone (n = 650) and anxiety symptoms alone (n = 2,165) were not significantly associated with T2D (n = 23 and n = 24, respectively, developed diabetes). Those with comorbid symptoms were also more likely to develop T2D compared to those with depressive symptoms alone (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.25-6.54). LIMITATIONS Depressive and anxiety symptom assessments were based on a screening tool. Hemoglobin A1c data were only available for a subset of participants. CONCLUSIONS Depression with comorbid anxiety may be a subgroup of depression that is strongly associated with the risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya S Deschênes
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Rachel J Burns
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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58
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Gao JY, Chen Y, Su DY, Marshall C, Xiao M. Depressive- and anxiety-like phenotypes in young adult APP Swe/PS1 dE9 transgenic mice with insensitivity to chronic mild stress. Behav Brain Res 2018; 353:114-123. [PMID: 30012417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression share many symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Therefore, characterizing the shared and different biological changes between the two disorders will be helpful in making an early diagnosis and planning treatment. In the present study, 8-week-old APPSwe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice received chronic mild stress (CMS) for 8 weeks followed by a series of behavioral, biochemical and pathological analyses. APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice showed depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, and reduced sociability, accompanied by high levels of soluble beta-amyloid, glial activation, neuroinflammation and brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling disturbance in the hippocampus. Notably, APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice exposure to CMS partially aggravated anxiety-like states rather than depressive-like responses and sociability deficits, with further elevated hippocampal interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. These results demonstrated that young adult APPSwe/PS1dE9 have depressive- and anxiety-like phenotypes that were resistant to CMS compared to wild-type mice. This finding may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of psychiatric symptoms associated with early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ying Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory for Aging &Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Yuan Su
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Charles Marshall
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky Center for Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, United States
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory for Aging &Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Social dominance predicts hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor recruitment and resilience to prenatal adversity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9595. [PMID: 29941995 PMCID: PMC6018627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing fetus is highly sensitive to prenatal stress, which may alter Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis programming and increase the risk of behavioral disorders. There is high variability among the human population, wherein many offspring of stressed pregnancies display resilience to adversity, while the remainder displays vulnerability. In order to identify biological substrates mediating between resilience or vulnerability to prenatal adversity, we exposed stress-resistant Dominant (Dom) and stress-sensitive Submissive (Sub) mice to mild prenatal restraint stress (PRS, 45 min on gestational days (GD) 15, 16 and 17). We hypothesized that PRS would differentially alter prenatal programming of limbic regions regulating the HPA axis and affect among Dom and Sub offspring. Indeed, PRS increased Sub offspring’s serum corticosterone, and exaggerated their anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, while Dom offspring remained resilient to the hormonal and behavioral consequences of PRS. Moreover, PRS exposure markedly facilitated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) recruitment to the hippocampus among Dom mice in response to restraint stress, which may be responsible for their resilience to stressful challenge. These findings suggest proclivity to adaptive or maladaptive prenatal programming of hippocampal GR recruitment to be inheritable and predictable by social dominance or submissiveness.
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60
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Gambin M, Sharp C. Relations between empathy and anxiety dimensions in inpatient adolescents. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2018; 31:447-458. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1475868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
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61
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Sierau S, Knabe A, Ahrens-Eipper S, Nelius K, Glaesmer H. [Trauma First - an Outpatient, Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention for Children and Adolescents With Trauma-Related Disorders: a Pilot Study]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2018; 47:289-298. [PMID: 29355076 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Trauma First - an Outpatient, Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention for Children and Adolescents With Trauma-Related Disorders: a Pilot Study Abstract. Objective. Although traumatic experiences are one of the most important causes for psychiatric disorders in childhood and adulthood, trauma-specific intervention approaches are rarely applied in German outpatient clinics. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate a manualized, outpatient, cognitive-behavioural intervention programme ("Trauma First") for children and youths with trauma and stress-related disorders. We hypothesized that there would be specific improvements in PTSD symptoms as well as in depression, anxiety, and behavioural problems following the structured intervention programme. Method: The pilot study consisted of a pre-post-test design without a control group. Symptom severity of 33 children and youths (age: 10-15 years; 54.5 % female) with traumatic experiences was assessed by self-ratings and parent-ratings before and after the treatment. Results: After the treatment, improvements were found in children's PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, and behavioural problems (Cohen's d: 0.51-1.49). A trend was found showing improvement of children's life satisfaction. Effect sizes were comparable with results from meta-analyses. Conclusions: The pilot study provided first evidence for the effectiveness of "Trauma First" under ecologically valid conditions. This study is a first step in the evaluation process of psychotherapeutic effectiveness, which should be continued by conducting a randomized-controlled study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sierau
- 1 Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Alena Knabe
- 1 Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig.,2 Gemeinschaftspraxis für Psychotherapie, Halle/Saale
| | | | - Katrin Nelius
- 2 Gemeinschaftspraxis für Psychotherapie, Halle/Saale
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- 1 Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig
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62
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Khan IW, Juyal R, Shikha D, Gupta R. Generalized Anxiety disorder but not depression is associated with insomnia: a population based study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 11:166-173. [PMID: 30455849 PMCID: PMC6201517 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20180031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Insomnia is a common problem, however, its prevalence has never been
examined in Indian population. Moreover, a number of psychiatric disorders
have been found to be associated with insomnia in clinical population, but
this association has scarcely been examined in general population. Methods: This epidemiological study was done in an urban and a rural population.
Subjects were selected using Kish method. After obtaining informed consent,
psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using Hindi version of Mini
International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Hindi version of Insomnia Severity
Index was used to diagnose insomnia. Results: 1700 subjects were included in this study. In this study, prevalence of
insomnia was 10.3%. Its prevalence increased with increasing years of
education (p=0.009). Insomnia was more frequent in subjects
living in joint families (p<0.001), having higher
education (p=0.009), those who were separated (p<0.001),
among subjects belonging to middle socio-economic status
(p<0.001) and in urban population compared to semi-urban
and rural population (p<0.001). Insomnia was also more
frequent among subjects with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety
disorder, alcohol dependence, cannabis dependence and tobacco use. However,
binary logistic regression analysis showed that only higher education,
unemployment, generalized anxiety disorder and tobacco use were associated
with insomnia. Conclusion: Insomnia in general population is associated with higher education,
unemployment, generalized anxiety disorders and tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Wasfi Khan
- Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Community Medicine - Dehradun - Uttarakhand - India
| | - Ruchi Juyal
- Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Community Medicine - Dehradun - Uttarakhand - India
| | - Deep Shikha
- Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Community Medicine - Dehradun - Uttarakhand - India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry - Dehradun - Uttarakhand - India
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63
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Hakamata Y, Komi S, Moriguchi Y, Izawa S, Motomura Y, Sato E, Mizukami S, Kim Y, Hanakawa T, Inoue Y, Tagaya H. Amygdala-centred functional connectivity affects daily cortisol concentrations: a putative link with anxiety. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8313. [PMID: 28814810 PMCID: PMC5559590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays a critical role in emotion. Its functional coupling with the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex extending to a portion of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in anxiogenesis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system regulation. However, it remains unclear how amygdala-centred functional connectivity (FC) affects anxiety and cortisol concentrations in everyday life. Here, we investigate the relationship between daily cortisol concentrations (dCOR) and amygdala-centred FC during emotional processing in forty-one healthy humans. FC analyses revealed that higher dCOR predicted strengthened amygdala-centred FC with the hippocampus and cerebellum, but inhibited FC with the supramarginal gyrus and a perigenual part of the ACC (pgACC) when processing fearful faces (vs. neutral faces). Notably, the strength of amygdala-hippocampus FC mediated the positive relationship between cortisol and anxiety, specifically when the effect of amygdala-pgACC FC, a presumptive neural indicator of emotional control, was taken into account. Individuals with diminished connectivity between the amygdala and pgACC during fear-related processing might be more vulnerable to anxiogenesis as it pertains to greater circulating cortisol levels in everyday life. Individual functional patterns of amygdala-hippocampal-pgACC connectivity might provide a key to understand the complicate link between cortisol and anxiety-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hakamata
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Health Sciences, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Komi
- Department of Radiology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Moriguchi
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Izawa
- Occupational Stress Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Motomura
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Sato
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Kyorin University School of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Tagaya
- Department of Health Sciences, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
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Loprinzi PD, Addoh O, Wong Sarver N, Espinoza I, Mann JR. Cross-sectional association of exercise, strengthening activities, and cardiorespiratory fitness on generalized anxiety, panic and depressive symptoms. Postgrad Med 2017; 129:676-685. [PMID: 28562148 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2017.1336054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research has evaluated the individual and combined associations of physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strengthening activities (MSA) on generalized anxiety, panic and depressive symptoms. We evaluated this topic in a representative sample of young (20-39 years) adults, with considerations by sex. METHODS Data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 2088) were used. Generalized anxiety, panic and depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report as well as using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Depressive Disorders modules of the automated version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-Auto 2.1). PA and MSA were assessed via validated self-report questionnaires and CRF was determined via a submaximal treadmill-based test. An index variable was created summing the number (range = 0-3) of these parameters for each participant. For example, those meeting PA guidelines, MSA guidelines and having moderate-to-high CRF were classified as having an index score of 3. RESULTS MSA was not independently associated with generalized anxiety, panic and depressive symptoms, but those with higher levels of PA and CRF had a reduced odds of these symptoms (ranging from 40 to 46% reduced odds). Compared to those with an index score of 0, those with an index score of 1, 2, and 3, respectively, had a 39%, 54% and 71% reduced odds of having generalized anxiety, panic and depressive symptoms. Results were consistent across both sexes. CONCLUSION PA and CRF, but not MSA, were independently associated with generalized anxiety, panic and depressive symptoms. There was evidence of an additive association between PA, CRF, and MSA on these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- a Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management , University of Mississippi , University, MS , USA
| | - Ovuokerie Addoh
- a Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management , University of Mississippi , University, MS , USA
| | - Nina Wong Sarver
- b Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advancement of Youth , University of Mississippi Medical Center , MS , USA
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- c Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and John D. Bower School of Population Health , University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA
| | - Joshua R Mann
- c Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and John D. Bower School of Population Health , University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA
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