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Williams E, Colson J, Valiathan R, Carreño JM, Krammer F, Hoffer M, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa S, Andrews D. Permissive omicron breakthrough infections in individuals with binding or neutralizing antibodies to ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine 2022; 40:5868-5872. [PMID: 36088193 PMCID: PMC9424516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakthrough infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has occurred in populations with high vaccination rates. METHODS In a longitudinal cohort study, pre-breakthrough infection sera for Omicron breakthroughs (n = 12) were analyzed. Assays utilized include a laboratory-developed solid phase binding assay to recombinant spike protein, a commercial assay to the S1 domain of the spike protein calibrated to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, and a commercial solid-phase surrogate neutralizing activity (SNA) assay. All assays employed spike protein preparations based on sequences from the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain. RESULTS Pre-breakthrough binding antibody titers ranged from 1:800 to 1:51,200 for the laboratory-developed binding assay, which correlated well and agreed quantitatively with the commercial spike S1 domain WHO calibrated assay. SNA was detected in 10/12 (83%) samples. CONCLUSIONS Neither high binding titers nor SNA were markers of protection from Omicron infection/re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Williams
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jordan Colson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ranjini Valiathan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Hoffer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - David Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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How Will the COVID-19 Pandemic End? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.10.3.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Dias VMDCH, Oliveira AF, Marinho AKBB, Santos Ferreira CED, Domingues CEF, Fortaleza CMCB, Vidal CFDL, Carrilho CMDDM, Pinheiro DOBP, de Assis DB, Medeiros EA, Morejón KML, Weissmann L, Michelin L, Carneiro M, Nogueira MDSDP, de Oliveira PRD, Buralli RJ, Stucchi RSB, Lins RS, Costa SF, Chebabo A. COVID-19 and isolation: Risks and implications in the scenario of new variants. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102703. [PMID: 36100081 PMCID: PMC9444891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, questions about transmissibility, vaccine efficacy, and impact on mortality are important to support decision-making in public health measures. Modifications related to transmissibility combined with the fact that much of the population has already been partially exposed to infection and/or vaccination, have stimulated recommendations to reduce the isolation period for COVID-19. However, these new guidelines have raised questions about their effectiveness in reducing contamination and minimizing impact in work environments. Therefore, a collaborative task force was developed to review the subject in a non-systematic manner, answering questions about SARS-CoV-2 variants, COVID-19 vaccines, isolation/quarantine periods, testing to end the isolation period, and the use of masks as mitigation procedures. Overall, COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing severe illness and death but are less effective in preventing infection in the case of the Omicron variant. Any strategy that is adopted to reduce the isolation period should take into consideration the epidemiological situation of the geographical region, individual clinical characteristics, and mask for source control. The use of tests for isolation withdrawal should be evaluated with caution, due to results depending on various conditions and may not be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Maria de Carvalho Hessel Dias
- Associação Brasileira dos Profissionais em Controle de Infecções e Epidemiologia Hospitalar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli Marinho
- Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Serviço de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Dos Santos Ferreira
- Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório Clínico ‒ Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório Central ‒ Hospital São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia Fernanda de Lacerda Vidal
- Associação Brasileira dos Profissionais em Controle de Infecções e Epidemiologia Hospitalar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HCUFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Otero Britto Passos Pinheiro
- Associação Brasileira dos Profissionais em Controle de Infecções e Epidemiologia Hospitalar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Brandão de Assis
- Divisão de Infecção Hospitalar/Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica Prof. Alexandre Vranjac/Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alexandrino Medeiros
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Mirna Loro Morejón
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Weissmann
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Guarujá, SP, Brazil
| | - Lessandra Michelin
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Carneiro
- Associação Brasileira dos Profissionais em Controle de Infecções e Epidemiologia Hospitalar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Hospital Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Rosalba Domingos de Oliveira
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Junqueira Buralli
- Coordenação Geral de Saúde do Trabalhador, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, do Trabalhador e Vigilância das Emergências em Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silveira Bello Stucchi
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Área de Infectologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Schrage Lins
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Chebabo
- Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Wells CR, Pandey A, Gokcebel S, Krieger G, Donoghue AM, Singer BH, Moghadas SM, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. Quarantine and serial testing for variants of SARS-CoV-2 with benefits of vaccination and boosting on consequent control of COVID-19. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac100. [PMID: 35909795 PMCID: PMC9335027 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quarantine and serial testing strategies for a disease depend principally on its incubation period and infectiousness profile. In the context of COVID-19, these primary public health tools must be modulated with successive SARS CoV-2 variants of concern that dominate transmission. Our analysis shows that (1) vaccination status of an individual makes little difference to the determination of the appropriate quarantine duration of an infected case, whereas vaccination coverage of the population can have a substantial effect on this duration, (2) successive variants can challenge disease control efforts by their earlier and increased transmission in the disease time course relative to prior variants, and (3) sufficient vaccine boosting of a population substantially aids the suppression of local transmission through frequent serial testing. For instance, with Omicron, increasing immunity through vaccination and boosters-for instance with 100% of the population is fully immunized and at least 24% having received a third dose-can reduce quarantine durations by up to 2 d, as well as substantially aid in the repression of outbreaks through serial testing. Our analysis highlights the paramount importance of maintaining high population immunity, preferably by booster uptake, and the role of quarantine and testing to control the spread of SARS CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Wells
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Abhishek Pandey
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Senay Gokcebel
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
| | - Gary Krieger
- NewFields E&E, Boulder, CO 80301, USA,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - A Michael Donoghue
- Group HSE, BHP Group Ltd, 171 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Burton H Singer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Seyed M Moghadas
- Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Alison P Galvani
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis (CIDMA), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Galanis P, Vraka I, Katsiroumpa A, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T, Mariolis-Sapsakos T, Kaitelidou D. First COVID-19 Booster Dose in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Willingness and Its Predictors. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1097. [PMID: 35891260 PMCID: PMC9323526 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of breakthrough infections and new highly contagious variants of SARS-CoV-2 threaten the immunization in individuals who had completed the primary COVID-19 vaccination. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated, for the first time, acceptance of the first COVID-19 booster dose and its associated factors among fully vaccinated individuals. We followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL and medrxiv from inception to 21 May 2022. We found 14 studies including 104,047 fully vaccinated individuals. The prevalence of individuals who intend to accept a booster was 79.0%, while the prevalence of unsure individuals was 12.6%, and the prevalence of individuals that intend to refuse a booster was 14.3%. The main predictors of willingness were older age, flu vaccination in the previous season, and confidence in COVID-19 vaccination. The most important reasons for decline were adverse reactions and discomfort experienced after previous COVID-19 vaccine doses and concerns for serious adverse reactions to COVID-19 booster doses. Considering the burden of COVID-19, a high acceptance rate of booster doses could be critical in controlling the pandemic. Our findings are innovative and could help policymakers to design and implement specific COVID-19 vaccination programs in order to decrease booster vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Galanis
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Irene Vraka
- Department of Radiology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aglaia Katsiroumpa
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Olga Siskou
- Department of Tourism Studies, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Olympia Konstantakopoulou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (O.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Theodoros Katsoulas
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (T.K.); (T.M.-S.)
| | | | - Daphne Kaitelidou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (O.K.); (D.K.)
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Barattucci M, Pagliaro S, Ballone C, Teresi M, Consoli C, Garofalo A, De Giorgio A, Ramaci T. Trust in Science as a Possible Mediator between Different Antecedents and COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Intention: An Integration of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071099. [PMID: 35891265 PMCID: PMC9320855 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the literature highlights, many health behavior theories try to explain both social and psychological variables influencing an individual’s health behavior. This study integrates insights relative to the antecedents of getting vaccinated from health behavior theories, particularly including the health belief model (HBM), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and the different socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, we considered the possible mechanism of impact of distrust in science on individuals’ hesitance and resistance to taking up SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in subjects living in Italy. A correlational study of 1095 subjects enrolled when the national vaccination campaign for the third dose was launched. A questionnaire was used to measure: Italian Risk Perception; subjective norm; trust in science, trust in the vaccine; fear of COVID-19; fear of the vaccine; perceived knowledge about SARS-CoV-2; booster vaccination intention. Principal results show that: (i) the positive relationship provided by HBM theory between perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 risk (vulnerability and severity) and intention to have the vaccine, through fear of COVID-19; (ii) the positive relationship between subjective norms and both trust in science and vaccination intention; (iii) that trust in science plays a crucial role in predicting vaccination intention. Finally, the results provided indications about a positive relationship between subjective norms and fear of COVID-19, and a full mediation role of trust in science in the relationships between determinants of both TPA and HBM, fear of COVID-19, and vaccination intention. In conclusion, an individual’s intention (not) to get vaccinated requires the consideration of a plethora of socio-psychological factors. However, overall, trust in science appears to be a key determinant of vaccination intention. Additional strategies promoting healthy behavior are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Barattucci
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Chiara Ballone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Manuel Teresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlo Consoli
- Koinè, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychology and Educational Sciences, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alice Garofalo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.G.); (T.R.)
| | | | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.G.); (T.R.)
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Bhowmik KK, Barek MA, Aziz MA, Islam MS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of abnormalities in hematological and biochemical markers among Bangladeshi COVID-19 cases. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e728. [PMID: 35899180 PMCID: PMC9309618 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Abnormalities in hematological and biochemical markers are assumed to be associated with the progression of COVID-19 disease. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the consequences of abnormalities of biomarkers (D-dimers, C-reactive protein [CRP], serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], random blood sugar [RBS], absolute neutrophil count [ANC], neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum creatinine, and hemoglobin) in the Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients. Methods The data of biomarker levels in Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients were gathered from five databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Bangladesh Journals Online between January 2020 to March 2022. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis, and Egger's test and Begg-Mazumdar's rank correlation were used to investigate publication bias. Results This study included 1542 patients with 567 severe and 975 nonsevere statuses. Based on the accumulated data synthesis, there is a strong correlation between disease severity and different biomarkers, including D-dimer, CRP, ferritin, LDH, RBS, NLR, and serum creatinine (MD = 1.16, p = 0.0004; MD = 22.97, p = 0.003; MD = 419.26, p < 0.00001; MD = 118.37, p = 0.004; MD = 1.96, p = 0.02; MD = 1.26, p = 0.02; and MD = 0.31, p = 0.008, respectively). A significantly decreased correlation was observed for hemoglobin levels in severe COVID-19 patients (MD = -0.73, p = 0.10). Conclusion The elevated biomarkers level was noticed in severe cases compared to nonsevere patients, revealing that D-dimer, CRP, ferritin, LDH, RBS, NLR, and serum creatinine are significantly correlated to COVID-19 severity. Only lower hemoglobin level was found to be associated with COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khokon Kanti Bhowmik
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Barek
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, State University of BangladeshDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
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Assessing COVID-19 Booster Hesitancy and Its Correlates: An Early Evidence from India. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071048. [PMID: 35891212 PMCID: PMC9323084 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutants, waning immunity, and breakthrough infections prompted the use of booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to fight against the pandemic. India started booster doses in January 2022 and it is critical to determine the intention of booster dose uptake and its correlates. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate booster dose acceptability and associated predictors among the Indian population. A convenience sampling technique was utilized to recruit a sample of 687 Indian residents. A 55-item psychometric validated survey tool was used to assess booster dose acceptability, vaccine literacy and vaccine confidence. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Over 50% of participants reported their willingness to take the booster dose. Among the group not willing to take the booster dose (n = 303, 44.1%), a significantly larger proportion of respondents were unvaccinated with the primary series (12.2% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.001), had an annual income below 2.96 lacs/annum (52.8% vs. 33.1, p < 0.001), were residents of rural areas (38.0% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001), were not living with vulnerable individuals (78.5% vs. 65.2%, p < 0.001) and did not have family/friends who had tested positive for COVID-19 (54.6% vs. 35.1%, p = 0.001). Demographic, vaccine variables and multi-theory model subscales to predict the initiation of booster dose among hesitant participants were statistically significant, R2 = 0.561, F (26, 244) = 11.978, p < 0.001; adjusted R2 = 0.514. Findings of this study highlight the need to develop evidence-based interventions to promote vaccine uptake, particularly among hard-to-reach communities living in developing countries.
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Galanis P, Vraka I, Katsiroumpa A, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T, Mariolis-Sapsakos T, Kaitelidou D. Attitudes toward COVID-19 Pandemic among Fully Vaccinated Individuals: Evidence from Greece Two Years after the Pandemic. Acta Med Litu 2022; 29:245-257. [PMID: 37733398 PMCID: PMC9798998 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2022.29.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the major effects of COVID-19 pandemic on health, social, economic, and political dimensions of all countries, positive attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic are essential to control the pandemic. In our study, we investigated attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic among fully COVID-19 vaccinated individuals two years after the pandemic and we identified predictors of attitudes. Materials and Methods We conducted an on-line cross-sectional study with 815 fully COVID-19 vaccinated individuals in Greece during May 2022. A self-administered and valid questionnaire was disseminated through social media platforms. We measured socio-demographic variables and COVID-19-related variables as potential predictors of attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome variable was attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic (compliance with hygiene measures, trust in COVID-19 vaccination, fear of COVID-19, and information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination). Results We found a very high level of compliance with hygiene measures, a high level of trust and information about the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination, and a moderate level of fear of COVID-19. Also, we identified that females, participants with a higher educational level, those with a chronic disease, those with a better self-perceived physical health, and those without a previous COVID-19 diagnosis adhered more in hygiene measures. Trust in COVID-19 vaccination was higher among females, older participants, those with a higher educational level, those with a better self-perceived physical health, and those without a previous COVID-19 diagnosis. Moreover, females, older participants, those with a higher educational level, those with a chronic disease, those with a better self-perceived physical health, those that received a flu vaccine in previous season, and those without a previous COVID-19 diagnosis experienced more fear of COVID-19. Finally, level of information regarding COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination was higher for participants with a higher educational level, those without a chronic disease, those with a better self-perceived physical health, and those that received a flu vaccine in previous season. Conclusions Understanding predictors of attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic among fully vaccinated individuals is crucial for developing appropriate public health campaigns in the future. Vaccination should be accompanied by positive attitudes in order to decrease the frequency of negative outcomes of COVID-19, such as hospitalization, complications and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Galanis
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Vraka
- Department of Radiology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aglaia Katsiroumpa
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Siskou
- Department of Tourism Studies, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Olympia Konstantakopoulou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Katsoulas
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Daphne Kaitelidou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Exacerbation after Anti-Inflammatory Treatment. REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reports5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A COVID-19 patient (53-year-old woman from Japan) was admitted to our hospital. She had a high fever (38.3 °C), cough, fatigue, and loss of appetite. She was a smoker and took migraine medication. A thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan showed no evidence of pneumonia. She was treated with antibiotics, protease inhibitors, inhalant corticosteroids, and antivirals. Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab (TCZ 400 mg) was added on day 2. On day 4, her temperature decreased, but her vital signs suddenly worsened, with an SpO2 of 70% in ambient air, a blood pressure of 70 mmHg (systolic), loss of consciousness, and tachypnea. Her CT showed bilateral lung consolidation and no pulmonary embolism. She was connected to the ventilator. On day 11, her respiratory condition improved (PaO2/FIO2 400), and she was able to withdraw from the ventilator. Her laboratory data (white cell count, ferritin, d-Dimer, C-reactive protein, and β2-microglobulin) did not increase even at the time of exacerbation, except for Galectin-9 (Gal-9). The plasma Gal-9 levels increased 2.3 times from before the administration of TCZ, followed by a swift decrease associated with improvements in respiratory status. She was discharged on day 16. Patients with TCZ-treated COVID-19 require careful observation.
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MDR Pumps as Crossroads of Resistance: Antibiotics and Bacteriophages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060734. [PMID: 35740141 PMCID: PMC9220107 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, antibiotic resistance represents a global problem in modern medicine. In the near future, humanity may face a situation where medicine will be powerless against resistant bacteria and a post-antibiotic era will come. The development of new antibiotics is either very expensive or ineffective due to rapidly developing bacterial resistance. The need to develop alternative approaches to the treatment of bacterial infections, such as phage therapy, is beyond doubt. The cornerstone of bacterial defense against antibiotics are multidrug resistance (MDR) pumps, which are involved in antibiotic resistance, toxin export, biofilm, and persister cell formation. MDR pumps are the primary non-specific defense of bacteria against antibiotics, while drug target modification, drug inactivation, target switching, and target sequestration are the second, specific line of their defense. All bacteria have MDR pumps, and bacteriophages have evolved along with them and use the bacteria’s need for MDR pumps to bind and penetrate into bacterial cells. The study and understanding of the mechanisms of the pumps and their contribution to the overall resistance and to the sensitivity to bacteriophages will allow us to either seriously delay the onset of the post-antibiotic era or even prevent it altogether due to phage-antibiotic synergy.
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El Gamal M, Siddiqua A, Abdul WK, Almurshidi BH, Howari FM. Investigation of factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among communities of universities in the United Arab Emirates. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2068930. [PMID: 35594545 PMCID: PMC9302497 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2068930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of people living across the world and the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be one of the most promising solutions to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. In several countries, we are witnessing hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines, which is a complex phenomenon influenced by a variety of factors. A cross-sectional study was performed to comprehensively investigate the impact of factors like demography, COVID-19 pandemic-induced behavior, and vaccine attitude on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (VA) among communities of five different universities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). To investigate the effect of demography and COVID-19 pandemic-induced behavioral factors, Analysis of Variance was perfomed. The effect of COVID-19 vaccine attitudes on COVID-19 VA was examined through partial least squares-structural equations modeling. The results of the study showed no difference among the population in accepting COVID-19 vaccines due to their demographic factors. The effect of pandemic-induced behavioral factors on COVID-19 VA suggested that the people of UAE accepted COVID-19 vaccines irrespective of the movement and travel restrictions imposed due to the pandemic. The results on the effect of vaccine attitudes on COVID-19 VA showed that vaccine benefit attitudes, safety concerns, and trust in health-care professionals (TrHP) were found to be significant factors in VA. Furthermore, TrHP was found to reduce the negative effect of safety concerns related to COVID-19 VA. The findings broadly highlight that COVID-19 VA in the UAE was not hampered by demographic factors and the pandemic-induced behavioral constraints. The study also showed that people with co-morbidities had lower level of COVID-19 VA than people with no co-morbidities. To improve COVID-19 VA, the perceived benefits with COVID-19 vaccine and TrHP must be enhanced and simultaneously safety concerns of the vaccines need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa El Gamal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayisha Siddiqua
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Fares M Howari
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Vaze N, Soorneedi AR, Moore MD, Demokritou P. Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 Surrogates on Surfaces Using Engineered Water Nanostructures Incorporated with Nature Derived Antimicrobials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1735. [PMID: 35630957 PMCID: PMC9146109 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The continuing cases of COVID-19 due to emerging strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus underscore the urgent need to develop effective antiviral technologies. A crucial aspect of reducing transmission of the virus is through environmental disinfection. To this end, a nanotechnology-based antimicrobial platform utilizing engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) was utilized to challenge the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2, on surfaces. The EWNS were synthesized using electrospray and ionization of aqueous solutions of antimicrobials, had a size in the nanoscale, and contained both antimicrobial agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Various EWNS were synthesized using single active ingredients (AI) as well as their combinations. The results of EWNS treatment indicate that EWNS produced with a cocktail of hydrogen peroxide, citric acid, lysozyme, nisin, and triethylene glycol was able to inactivate 3.8 logs of HCoV-229E, in 30 s of treatment. The delivered dose of antimicrobials to the surface was measured to be in pico to nanograms. These results indicate the efficacy of EWNS technology as a nano-carrier for delivering a minuscule dose while inactivating HCoV-229E, making this an attractive technology against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Vaze
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Anand R. Soorneedi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (A.R.S.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (A.R.S.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Research Center, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Huntington KE, Carlsen L, So EY, Piesche M, Liang O, El-Deiry WS. Integrin/TGF-β1 Inhibitor GLPG-0187 Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Pseudovirus Infection of Airway Epithelial Cells In Vitro, Which Could Attenuate Disease Severity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:618. [PMID: 35631444 PMCID: PMC9143518 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 continues to pose major risk for vulnerable populations, including the elderly, immunocompromised, patients with cancer, and those with contraindications to vaccination, novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 infects target cells via RGD-binding integrins, either independently or as a co-receptor with surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used pan-integrin inhibitor GLPG-0187 to demonstrate the blockade of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection of target cells. Omicron pseudovirus infected normal human small airway epithelial (HSAE) cells significantly less than D614G or Delta variant pseudovirus, and GLPG-0187 effectively blocked SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in a dose-dependent manner across multiple viral variants. GLPG-0187 inhibited Omicron and Delta pseudovirus infection of HSAE cells more significantly than other variants. Pre-treatment of HSAE cells with MEK inhibitor (MEKi) VS-6766 enhanced the inhibition of pseudovirus infection by GLPG-0187. Because integrins activate transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, we compared the plasma levels of active and total TGF-β in COVID-19+ patients. The plasma TGF-β1 levels correlated with age, race, and number of medications upon presentation with COVID-19, but not with sex. Total plasma TGF-β1 levels correlated with activated TGF-β1 levels. Moreover, the inhibition of integrin signaling prevents SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron pseudovirus infectivity, and it may mitigate COVID-19 severity through decreased TGF-β1 activation. This therapeutic strategy may be further explored through clinical testing in vulnerable and unvaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Huntington
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.E.H.); (L.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (E.-Y.S.); (O.L.)
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Lindsey Carlsen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.E.H.); (L.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (E.-Y.S.); (O.L.)
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Eui-Young So
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (E.-Y.S.); (O.L.)
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Matthias Piesche
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Oncology Center, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Olin Liang
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (E.-Y.S.); (O.L.)
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.E.H.); (L.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (E.-Y.S.); (O.L.)
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Han Y, Yang J, He D, Feng Y, Liu X, Min Y, Fan S, Yin G, Hu D. Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated and Recombinant Protein SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Thyroid Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855311. [PMID: 35634276 PMCID: PMC9139473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed at assessing the safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with thyroid cancer.MethodsThis observational study included thyroid cancer patients between April 1, 2021, and November 31, 2021, in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. All participants received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 IgG was tested, and the interval time between the last dose and humoral response test ranged from <1 to 8 months. The complications after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were recorded.ResultsA total of 115 participants at least received one dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with a 67.0% IgG-positive rate. Among them, 98 cases had completed vaccination, and the positivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 96% (24/25) with three doses of ZF2001. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies’ positivity was 63.0% (46/73) of two doses of CoronaVac or BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Additionally, after 4 months of the last-dose vaccination, the IgG-positive rate (31.6%, 6/19) significantly decreased in thyroid cancer patients. The IgG-positive rate (81.0%, 64/79) was satisfactory within 3 months of the last-dose vaccination. Ten (10.2%) patients had side effects after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Among them, two (2.0%) patients had a fever, five (5.1%) patients had injection site pain, one (1.0%) patient felt dizzy, and one patient felt dizzy and had injection site pain at the same time.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines (CoronaVac, BBIBP-CorV, and ZF2001) are safe in thyroid cancer patients. The regression time of SARS-CoV-2 IgG is significantly shorter in thyroid cancer patients than in healthy adults. Therefore, a booster vaccination dose may be earlier than the systematic strategy for thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shenghao Fan
- *Correspondence: Daixing Hu, ; Guobing Yin, ; Shenghao Fan,
| | - Guobing Yin
- *Correspondence: Daixing Hu, ; Guobing Yin, ; Shenghao Fan,
| | - Daixing Hu
- *Correspondence: Daixing Hu, ; Guobing Yin, ; Shenghao Fan,
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Hewins B, Rahman M, Bermejo-Martin JF, Kelvin AA, Richardson CD, Rubino S, Kumar A, Ndishimye P, Toloue Ostadgavahi A, Mahmud-Al-Rafat A, Kelvin DJ. Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron, and SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Cases: Defining Immunological Mechanisms for Vaccine Waning and Vaccine-Variant Mismatch. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.849936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is responsible for over 400 million cases and over 5. 5 million deaths worldwide. In response to widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunization of the global population has approached 60% one dose and 54% full dose vaccination status. Emerging data indicates decreasing circulating antibody levels as well as decreases in other immune correlates in vaccinated individuals. Complicating the determination of vaccine effectiveness is the concomitant emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants with substantial antigenic differences from the ancestral D614G strain. The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) spike protein has over 30 mutations compared with the D614G spike protein, which was used to design most SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in use today. Therefore, breakthrough cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections or severe disease in fully vaccinated individuals must be interpreted with caution taking into consideration vaccine waning and the degree of vaccine variant-mismatch resulting in adaptive immune evasion by novel emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Wu D, Zhang R, Datta S. Unraveling T Cell Responses for Long Term Protection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Genet 2022; 13:871164. [PMID: 35601483 PMCID: PMC9114762 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.871164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global need for vaccines to prevent the disease is imperative. To date, several manufacturers have made efforts to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In spite of the success of developing many useful vaccines so far, it will be helpful for future vaccine designs, targetting long-term disease protection. For this, we need to know more details of the mechanism of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we first detected pairwise differentially expressed genes among the healthy, mild, and severe COVID-19 groups of patients based on the expression of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, respectively. The CD4+ T cells dataset contains 6 mild COVID-19 patients, 8 severe COVID-19 patients, and 6 healthy donors, while the CD8+ T cells dataset has 15 mild COVID-19 patients, 22 severe COVID-19 patients, and 4 healthy donors. Furthermore, we utilized the deep learning algorithm to investigate the potential of differentially expressed genes in distinguishing different disease states. Finally, we built co-expression networks among those genes separately. For CD4+ T cells, we identified 6 modules for the healthy network, 4 modules for the mild network, and 1 module for the severe network; for CD8+ T cells, we detected 6 modules for the healthy network, 4 modules for the mild network, and 3 modules for the severe network. We also obtained hub genes for each module and evaluated the differential connectivity of each gene between pairs of networks constructed on different disease states. Summarizing the results, we find that the following genes TNF, CCL4, XCL1, and IFITM1 can be highly identified with SARS-CoV-2. It is interesting to see that IFITM1 has already been known to inhibit multiple infections with other enveloped viruses, including coronavirus. In addition, our networks show some specific patterns of connectivity among genes and some meaningful clusters related to COVID-19. The results might improve the insight of gene expression mechanisms associated with both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, expand our understanding of COVID-19 and help develop vaccines with long-term protection.
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68
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Ding K, Jiang W, Xiong C, Lei M. Turning point: A new global COVID-19 wave or a signal of the beginning of the end of the global COVID-19 pandemic? Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e606. [PMID: 35349754 PMCID: PMC8962637 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529), first identified in South Africa, has become of considerable interest to the World Health Organization. This variant differs from the other known major variants, as it carries a large number of unusual mutations, particularly in the spinous process protein and receptor binding domains. Some specific mutation sites make it vaccine resistant, highly infectious, and highly pathogenic. The world fears that the Omicron variant could be even more harmful than the previous major variant, given that it has emerged amid fierce competition to trigger a new global pandemic peak as infections in South Africa rise. However, some epidemiological evidence has emerged that the Omicron variant may produce milder patient symptoms. We speculate if the virulence of the Omicron variant will diminish as transmissibility increases, thereby signaling the beginning of the end for the global COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this view, we make recommendations for COVID-19 mitigation in the present and future. However, it will take a few weeks to determine the true threat posed by the Omicron variant and we need to be fully prepared for future outbreaks, regardless of their severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Chunping Xiong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ming Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
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Chourasia R, Padhi S, Phukon LC, Abedin MM, Sirohi R, Singh SP, Rai AK. Peptide candidates for the development of therapeutics and vaccines against β-coronavirus infection. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9435-9454. [PMID: 35387556 PMCID: PMC9161909 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2060453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs) have caused major viral outbreaks in the last two decades in the world. The mutation and recombination abilities in β-CoVs resulted in zoonotic diseases in humans. Proteins responsible for viral attachment and replication are highly conserved in β-CoVs. These conserved proteins have been extensively studied as targets for preventing infection and the spread of β-CoVs. Peptides are among the most promising candidates for developing vaccines and therapeutics against viral pathogens. The immunostimulatory and viral inhibitory potential of natural and synthetic peptides has been extensively studied since the SARS-CoV outbreak. Food-derived peptides demonstrating high antiviral activity can be used to develop effective therapeutics against β-CoVs. Specificity, tolerability, and customizability of peptides can be explored to develop potent drugs against β-CoVs. However, the proteolytic susceptibility and low bioavailability of peptides pose challenges for the development of therapeutics. This review illustrates the potential role of peptides in eliciting an adaptive immune response and inhibiting different stages of the β-CoV life cycle. Further, the challenges and future directions associated with developing peptide-based therapeutics and vaccines against existing and future β-CoV pathogens have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Chourasia
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
| | - Srichandan Padhi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
| | - Loreni Chiring Phukon
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
| | - Md Minhajul Abedin
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
| | - Ranjana Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali- 140306, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong- 737102, India
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Mizoram Node, Aizawl, India
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Tetteh EK, Combs T, Geng EH, McKay VR. A cross-sectional examination of public health information seeking, trust, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37846. [PMID: 36084197 PMCID: PMC9528929 DOI: 10.2196/37846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventative health measures such as shelter in place and mask wearing have been widely encouraged to curb the spread of the COVID-19 disease. People’s attitudes toward preventative behaviors may be dependent on their sources of information and trust in the information. Objective The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between trusting in COVID-19 information and preventative behaviors in a racially and politically diverse metropolitan area in the United States. Methods We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey of residents in St. Louis City and County in Missouri. Individuals aged ≥18 years were eligible to participate. Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling approach through social media and email. The Health Belief Model and the Socioecological Model informed instrument development, as well as COVID-19–related questions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We performed an ordinary least squares linear regression model to estimate social distancing practices, perceptions, and trust in COVID-19 information sources. Results Of the 1650 eligible participants, the majority (n=1381, 83.7%) had sought or received COVID-19–related information from a public health agency, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or both. Regression analysis showed a 1% increase in preventative behaviors for every 12% increase in trust in governmental health agencies. At their lowest levels of trust, women were 68% more likely to engage in preventative behaviors than men. Overall, those aged 18-45 years without vulnerable medical conditions were the least likely to engage in preventative behaviors. Conclusions Trust in COVID-19 information increases an individual’s likelihood of practicing preventative behaviors. Effective health communication strategies should be used to effectively disseminate health information during disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kwabena Tetteh
- Office of Health Information and Data Science, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Todd Combs
- Center for Public Health Systems Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Elvin Hsing Geng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Virginia Ruth McKay
- Center for Public Health Systems Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
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Chen F, He Y, Shi Y. Parents’ and Guardians’ Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children against COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020179. [PMID: 35214638 PMCID: PMC8880569 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination for children is crucial to achieve herd immunity. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate parents’ and guardians’ willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and identify the determinants of vaccination intention. Systematic research was performed on the two databases (PubMed and EMBASE) from inception to 6 November 2021. Acceptance rates were pooled by use of a random-effects model and all predictors of vaccine acceptance were identified according to the health belief model (HBM) framework. This analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021292326) and reported in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. Of 452 identified records, 29 eligible studies were included (N = 68,327 participants). The estimated worldwide vaccination acceptance rate was 61.40% (95% CI: 53.56–68.69%, I2 = 99.3%), ranging from 21.6% to 91.4% across countries and regions. In the determinant assessment, the age of parents and guardians, access to scientific information and recommendations, routine and influenza vaccination behavior, and the willingness of parents and guardians to vaccinate themselves were potentially significant predictors of the vaccination willingness. Given the limited quality and quantity of included articles, future studies with a rigorous design will be necessary for the confirmation of our findings.
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Pawankar R, Thong BYH, Wang JY. APAAACI 2021 International Conference: a new era of allergy and clinical immunology in digital. Asia Pac Allergy 2022; 12:e5. [PMID: 35174056 PMCID: PMC8819418 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2022.12.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Pawankar
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bernard Yu-Hor Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Allergy, Immunology and Microbiome (AIM) Research Center, China Medical University Children’s Hospital (CMUCH), Taichung, Taiwan
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