51
|
Kong EK, Yu S, Sanderson JE, Chen KB, Huang Y, Yu CM. A novel anti-fibrotic agent, baicalein, for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
52
|
Boyle SP, Doolan PJ, Andrews CE, Reid RG. Evaluation of quality control strategies in Scutellaria herbal medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:951-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
53
|
Sasidharan S, Chen Y, Saravanan D, Sundram KM, Yoga Latha L. Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants' extracts. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2011. [PMID: 22238476 DOI: 10.1625/jcam.8.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest particularly in edible plants has grown throughout the world. Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations. The common problems and key challenges in the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations are discussed. As extraction is the most important step in the analysis of constituents present in botanicals and herbal preparations, the strengths and weaknesses of different extraction techniques are discussed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays, chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and, TLC as well as non-chromatographic techniques such as immunoassay and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Sasidharan S, Chen Y, Saravanan D, Sundram KM, Yoga Latha L. Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants' extracts. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2011; 8:1-10. [PMID: 22238476 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i1.60483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest particularly in edible plants has grown throughout the world. Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations. The common problems and key challenges in the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations are discussed. As extraction is the most important step in the analysis of constituents present in botanicals and herbal preparations, the strengths and weaknesses of different extraction techniques are discussed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays, chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and, TLC as well as non-chromatographic techniques such as immunoassay and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Ma F, Chen Y, Li J, Qing HP, Wang JD, Zhang YL, Long BG, Bai Y. Screening test for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of traditional Chinese herbal medicines. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:5629-34. [PMID: 21105198 PMCID: PMC2992683 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i44.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity of 50 traditional Chinese herbal medicines in order to provide the primary evidence for their use in clinical practice. METHODS A susceptibility test of water extract from 50 selected traditional Chinese herbal medicines for in vitro H. pylori Sydney strain 1 was performed with broth dilution method. Anti-H. pylori activity of the selected Chinese herbal medicines was evaluated according to their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). RESULTS The water extract from Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae and Radix isatidis could significantly inhibit the H. pylori activity with their MIC less than 7.8 mg/mL, suggesting that traditional Chinese herbal medicines have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects and can thus be used in treatment of H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae and Radix isatidis are the potential sources for the synthesis of new drugs against H. pylori.
Collapse
|
56
|
Sasidharan S, Chen Y, Saravanan D, Sundram KM, Yoga Latha L. Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants' extracts. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2010; 8:1-10. [PMID: 22238476 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56936-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest particularly in edible plants has grown throughout the world. Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations. The common problems and key challenges in the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations are discussed. As extraction is the most important step in the analysis of constituents present in botanicals and herbal preparations, the strengths and weaknesses of different extraction techniques are discussed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays, chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and, TLC as well as non-chromatographic techniques such as immunoassay and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Nan Y, Zhao X, Wei L, Wang H, Xiao C, Zheng X. Determination of Jasminoidin in Rabbit Plasma for the Pharmacokinetic Investigation after Single Dose Oral Administration of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Coupling Coptis chinensis Franch Extracts. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
58
|
Wang CZ, Li XL, Wang QF, Mehendale SR, Yuan CS. Selective fraction of Scutellaria baicalensis and its chemopreventive effects on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:63-8. [PMID: 19836937 PMCID: PMC2789205 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on our previous observation, the whole Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SbE) did not show significant breast cancer cell inhibitory effect. In this study, we isolated a baicalin-deprived-fraction (SbF1) of Scutellaria baicalensis, and baicalin-fraction (SbF3), and evaluated their anti-breast cancer properties using MCF-7 cells. The content of four flavonoids in extract/fractions were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Analytical data showed that in SbF1, the major constituents are baicalein and wogonin, while SbF3 only contains baicalin. The antiproliferative effects of fractions and SbE were assayed using modified trichrome stain method. SbF1 showed significant antiproliferative effect. Treated with 100mug/ml of SbF1 for 72h inhibited MCF-7 cell growth by 81.6%, while in the same treatment concentration, SbF3 increased cell growth by 22.6%. SbF1 was recognized as an active fraction of SbE. The effects of four flavonoids in SbE, scutellarin, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin, were determined, and data showed that baicalein and wogonin significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell growth. In contrast, in certain concentrations, scutellarin and baicalin increased cancer cell growth. The effects of SbF1 on cell cycle and apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry. SbF1 arrested MCF-7 cells in S- and G2/M-phases, and significantly increased induction of cell apoptosis. These combined phytochemical and biological data provide evidence for further chemopreventive studies of the baicalin-deprived SbE on breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Kim EH, Shim B, Kang S, Jeong G, Lee JS, Yu YB, Chun M. Anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extract via suppression of immune modulators and MAP kinase signaling molecules. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:320-331. [PMID: 19699788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY A herbal preparation using Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) Georgi (Huang Qin, SB) was formulated to effectively protect cancer patients from inflammatory reactions. Although SB, is one of the most widely used herbs in oriental medicine for anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and tonifying the immune response, the underlying mechanism(s) by which these effects are induced remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we report that SB displays anti-inflammatory effects in a zymosan-induced mouse air-pouch model by reducing the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NOS (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IkappaBalpha as well as inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha. In a similar manner, SB also reduced the production of nitric oxide, PGE2, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha, by decreasing the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IkappaB kinase alphabeta (IKKalphabeta) phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells. Additionally, SB interfered with the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 and p50, resulting in NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional repression. We further demonstrate that SB attenuated the activity of c-Raf-1/MEK1/2, Erk1/2, p38 and JNK phosphorylation in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results confirm the strong anti-inflammatory properties of SB by inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha expression. This was achieved through the down-regulation of IKKalphabeta, IkappaBalpha, NF-kappaB activation via suppression of c-Raf-1/MEK1/2 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase) and MAP kinase phosphorylation in the zymosan-induced mice air-pouch and Raw 264.7 cells. These results support the use of SB herbs for its potent anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Li C, Zhou L, Lin G, Zuo Z. Contents of major bioactive flavones in proprietary traditional Chinese medicine products and reference herb of radix Scutellariae. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:298-306. [PMID: 19481403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient HPLC/UV method for the simultaneous determination of six bioactive flavones, namely baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, oroxylin A and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, has been developed and applied for their content determination in reference herb and proprietary traditional Chinese medicine (PTCM) products of radix Scutellariae. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Thermo C(18) column and linear gradient elution was employed with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.6). All the analytes were detected by PDA detector at a wavelength of 270 nm. Contents of the analytes in radix Scutellariae containing PTCM products in forms of capsule, soft capsule, tablet and dripping pill and the reference herb of radix Scutellariae were analyzed by sonicator extraction with methanol and water mixture (80:20) containing 1 mM HCl for 30 min followed by HPLC analysis. Separation of the six analytes was achieved within 25 min with good linearity (R(2)>0.99). The R.S.D. of both the intra-day and inter-day precision for all the six analytes was below 10.14%. The accuracy at different concentrations was within the range of -7.83 to 4.06%. The extraction recovery was within the range of 89.22-107.33% for all the analytes. Contents of the six flavones were found to vary significantly among different products with glycosides, such as baicalin, wogonoside and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, in much greater quantity than their corresponding aglycones. In addition to baicalin (18.54+/-0.71%, w/w), the commonly used marker compound for radix Scutellariae, wogonoside (3.54+/-0.18%, w/w) and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (2.84+/-0.14%, w/w) also existed in abundant amount in the reference herb. Our findings suggested that wogonoside and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide should also be served as the chemical markers together with baicalin for the quality control of herbs and PTCM products of radix Scutellariae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Role of counter-current chromatography in the modernisation of Chinese herbal medicines. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:740-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
62
|
Liang XM, Jin Y, Wang YP, Jin GW, Fu Q, Xiao YS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:2033-44. [PMID: 18656880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Separation techniques with high efficiency and sensitive detection have been widely used for quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). High-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis are commonly used to separate various components in TCMs. Ultraviolet detection, fluorescence detection, evaporative light-scattering detection, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance can be applied to separation techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of TCMs. The development of quality control for TCMs based on quantitative and qualitative analysis from 2000 to 2007 are reviewed; the fingerprint technique is also discussed due to its broad application in the quality control of TCMs. Prospects for further research based on our primary results are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-miao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Su S, He CM, Li LC, Chen JK, Zhou TS. Genetic Characterization and Phytochemical Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Populations ofScutellaria baicalensis. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1353-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
64
|
Surowiec I, Pawelec K, Rezeli M, Kilar F, Trojanowicz M. Capillary electrophoretic determination of main components of natural dyes with MS detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2457-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
65
|
Antioxidant properties in vitro and total phenolic contents in methanol extracts from medicinal plants. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
66
|
Ohkoshi E, Nagashima T, Sato H, Fujii Y, Nozawa K, Nagai M. Simple preparation of baicalin from Scutellariae Radix. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:2192-4. [PMID: 18407279 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and reproducible method was developed to isolate high-purity baicalin from Scutellariae Radix, the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The method involves partition/recrystallization steps without repeated column chromatography or special instruments. Isolated baicalin was characterized by comparisons of TLC, HPLC, IR, MS, and NMR data with an authentic sample. Moreover, beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis of baicalin sequentially yielded glucuronic acid and baicalein as confirmed by co-TLC with authentic samples. The purity of baicalin was more than 97% with yield ca. 8.7% (w/w). The method presented here appears suitable for commercial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emika Ohkoshi
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University 31-1, Misumidou Tomita-Machi, Kooriyama-shi, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Wolniak M, Oszmiański J, Wawer I. Solid-state NMR studies and DFT calculations of flavonoids: baicalein, baicalin and wogonoside. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:215-225. [PMID: 18098151 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Three flavonoids of pharmaceutical importance-baicalein, baicalin, and wogonoside-were isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and studied by 13C NMR in solution and solid state. Two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy in the liquid phase and dipolar dephasing (DD) experiments in magic-angle spinning (MAS) spectra enabled the assignment of 13C resonances. The cross-polarization (CP) time constants T(CH) and relaxation times T(H) (1rho) were obtained from the variable-contact time experiments. The principal elements of the 13C chemical shift tensor were determined in the spectra recorded under slow sample spinning (2 kHz) using phase-adjusted spinning sideband (PASS)-2D NMR technique, and were verified by density functional theory gauge-independent atomic orbital (DFT GIAO) calculations of shielding constants. Analysis of the 13C delta(ii) and comparison with shielding parameters calculated for different conformers of compounds 1-3 enabled the selection of the most reliable geometry in the solid phase. In all three compounds, an intramolecular hydrogen bond C5--OH...=C4 is formed; the existence of baicalein and baicalin with 'anticlockwise' orientation of OH groups is more probable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wolniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Qu H, Ma Y, Yu K, Cheng Y. Simultaneous determination of eight active components in Chinese medicine ‘YIQING’ capsule using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:66-72. [PMID: 16846714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An effective, accurate and reliable method for the simultaneous separation and determination of eight active components (berberine, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin) in Chinese medicine 'YIQING' capsule was developed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with diode array detection. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Lichrospher C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. with 5.0 microm particle size) with a simple linear gradient elution programme. Due to the different UV characteristic of these components, three detection wavelengths were utilized for the quantitative analysis (UV wavelength 254 nm for anthraquinone derivatives, 278 nm for flavones compounds, and 345 nm for protoberberine alkaloids, respectively). Excellent linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of R2 higher than 0.99 for all the analytes. The recoveries, measured at three concentration levels, varied from 94.9% to 105.3%. The validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneously determination of these active components in 'YIQING' capsules from different production batches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Qu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Kim YH, Jeong DW, Paek IB, Ji HY, Kim YC, Sohn DH, Lee HS. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of baicalein, baicalin, oroxylin A and wogonin in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 844:261-7. [PMID: 16893689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 06/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of baicalein, baicalin, oroxylin A and wogonin, Scutellaria baicalensis active components in rat plasma was developed. After liquid-liquid extraction with 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-chromen-4-one as internal standard, baicalein, baicalin, oroxylin A and wogonin were eluted from an Atlantis C(18) column within 7 min with isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid (60:40, v/v). The analytes were detected using an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The standard curves were linear (r=1.000) over the concentration ranges of 5-500 ng/ml for baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A and 5-5000 ng/ml for baicalin. The coefficients of variation and relative errors of baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A and baicalin for intra- and inter-assay at three or four quality control (QC) levels were 0.8-6.1% and -4.0 to 5.8%, respectively. The lower limits of quantification for baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A and baicalin were 5ng/ml using 50 microl of plasma sample. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and oroxylin A after an intravenous administration of Scutellariae radix extract to male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Kim
- Drug Metabolism & Bioanalysis Lab., College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Resources Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Shinyongdong, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Jác P, Polásek M, Pospísilová M. Recent trends in the determination of polyphenols by electromigration methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:805-14. [PMID: 16413729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An overview mapping recent trends in the determination of polyphenols of natural origin (mostly flavonoids) and their synthetic derivatives by electromigration methods is presented. The overview (covering the period of the recent 5 years and comprising 61 references) is focused on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with various detection methods. Techniques comprising on-line pre-separation such as isotachophoresis (ITP)-CZE and flow-injection-CZE, chiral separations and CZE evaluation of antioxidation activity are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jác
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zgórka G. Retention behavior of silica-bonded and novel polymeric reversed-phase sorbents in studies on flavones as chemotaxonomic markers of Scutellaria L. genus. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1120:230-6. [PMID: 16364344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of both classical and novel polymeric sorbents used in solid-phase extraction (SPE) for isolation of pharmacologically active flavones (baicalin, luteolin, apigenin, wogonin and chrysin) from aerial parts of 13 species of Scutellaria L. (Skullcap) genus was assessed. The highest recoveries of hydrophilic (baicalin, luteolin) flavones for Oasis HLB were obtained, whereas for medium hydrophobic (apigenin) and hydrophobic (wogonin, chrysin) flavones better quantitative results for BakerBond phenyl cartridges were stated. Eluates were analysed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD). For the five target compounds the determined concentrations ranged from approximately 4 to approximately 15,500 microg/g dry wt. Very good linearities (r(2)>0.9995) of calibration curves were achieved for each flavone. The accuracy was below 5% for most compounds examined. This is the first method reported that enabled simultaneous qualification and quantitation of five flavones (being chemotaxonomic markers) in 13 species of Scutellaria L. genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Zgórka
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Li HB, Chen F. Isolation and purification of baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1074:107-10. [PMID: 15941045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been used widely in traditional Chinese medicine for anti-inflammation, anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial infections, reducing the total cholesterol level and decreasing blood pressures. A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed for the preparative separation and purification of three bioactive flavonoids, namely, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A, from S. baicalensis Georgi. Preparative HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:1:8:10, v/v/v/v) was successfully performed by increasing the flow-rate of the mobile phase stepwise from 1.0 to 2.0 ml min(-1) after 4 h. The components purified and collected were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The method yielded 144.8 mg of baicalein at 95.7% purity, 50.2 mg of wogonin at 98.5% purity, and 12.4 mg of oroxylin A at 93.2% purity from 500 mg of the crude extract in a one-step separation. The recoveries of baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A were 92.7%, 91.6% and 92.5%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Botany, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|