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Targeting inflammasome by the inhibition of caspase-1 activity using capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles. J Control Release 2017; 248:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lim YH, Tiemann KM, Hunstad DA, Elsabahy M, Wooley KL. Polymeric nanoparticles in development for treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:842-871. [PMID: 27016134 PMCID: PMC5035710 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serious lung infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive cystic fibrosis-related bacterial diseases, are increasingly difficult to treat and can be life-threatening. Over the last decades, an array of therapeutics and/or diagnostics have been exploited for management of pulmonary infections, but the advent of drug-resistant bacteria and the adverse conditions experienced upon reaching the lung environment urge the development of more effective delivery vehicles. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the approach to circumventing these barriers, enabling better management of pulmonary infectious diseases. In particular, polymeric nanoparticle-based therapeutics have emerged as promising candidates, allowing for programmed design of multi-functional nanodevices and, subsequently, improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficiency, as compared to conventional routes of delivery. Direct delivery to the lungs of such nanoparticles, loaded with appropriate antimicrobials and equipped with 'smart' features to overcome various mucosal and cellular barriers, is a promising approach to localize and concentrate therapeutics at the site of infection while minimizing systemic exposure to the therapeutic agents. The present review focuses on recent progress (2005-2015) important for the rational design of nanostructures, particularly polymeric nanoparticles, for the treatment of pulmonary infections with highlights on the influences of size, shape, composition, and surface characteristics of antimicrobial-bearing polymeric nanoparticles on their biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:842-871. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1401 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young H Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kristin M Tiemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
- Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt.
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Si J, Shao S, Shen Y, Wang K. Macrophages as Active Nanocarriers for Targeted Early and Adjuvant Cancer Chemotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5108-5119. [PMID: 27560388 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the highly permeable vasculature and lack of lymphatic drainage in solid tumors (EPR effect), nanosized drug delivery systems or nanomedicines have been extensively explored for tumor-targeted drug delivery. However, in most clinical cases tumors such as the early stage tumors and post-surgery microscopic residual tumors have not yet developed such pathological EPR features, i.e., EPR-deficient. Therefore, nanomedicines may not be applicable for such these tumors. Macrophages by nature can actively home and extravasate through the tight vascular wall into tumors and migrate to their hypoxic regions, and possess perfect stealth ability for long blood circulation and impressive phagocytosis for drug loadings. Thus, nanomedicines loaded in macrophages would harness both merits and gain the active tumor homing capability independent of the EPR effect for treatments of the EPR-deficient tumors. Herein, the critical considerations, current progress, challenges and future prospects of macrophages as carriers for nanomedicines are summarized, aiming at rational design of EPR-independent tumor-targeting active nanomedicines for targeted early and adjuvant cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxing Si
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Chen J, Son HN, Hill JJ, Srinivasan S, Su FY, Stayton PS, Convertine AJ, Ratner DM. Nanostructured glycopolymer augmented liposomes to elucidate carbohydrate-mediated targeting. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:2031-2041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kaneko K, Togami K, Yamamoto E, Wang S, Morimoto K, Itagaki S, Chono S. Sustained distribution of aerosolized PEGylated liposomes in epithelial lining fluids on alveolar surfaces. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:565-71. [PMID: 27334278 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The distribution characteristics of aerosolized PEGylated liposomes in alveolar epithelial lining fluid (ELF) were examined in rats, and the ensuing mechanisms were investigated in the in vitro uptake and protein adsorption experiments. Nonmodified or PEGylated liposomes (particle size 100 nm) were aerosolized into rat lungs. PEGylated liposomes were distributed more sustainably in ELFs than nonmodified liposomes. Furthermore, the uptake of PEGylated liposomes by alveolar macrophages (AMs) was less than that of nonmodified liposomes. In further in vitro uptake experiments, nonmodified and PEGylated liposomes were opsonized with rat ELF components and then added to NR8383 cells as cultured rat AMs. The uptake of opsonized PEGylated liposomes by NR8383 cells was lower than that of opsonized nonmodified liposomes. Moreover, the protein absorption levels in opsonized PEGylated liposomes were lower than those in opsonized nonmodified liposomes. These findings suggest that sustained distributions of aerosolized PEGylated liposomes in ELFs reflect evasion of liposomal opsonization with surfactant proteins and consequent reductions in uptake by AMs. These data indicate the potential of PEGylated liposomes as aerosol-based drug delivery system that target ELF for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kaneko
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Kohei Togami
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Eri Yamamoto
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Shujun Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morimoto
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.,Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Japan
| | - Shirou Itagaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, 53, Hon-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Sumio Chono
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.
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Togami K, Chono S, Tada H. Alteration in Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics of Aerosolized Model Compounds Due to Disruption of the Alveolar Epithelial Barriers Following Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1327-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cunha L, Grenha A. Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Materials in Drug Delivery Applications. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E42. [PMID: 26927134 PMCID: PMC4820297 DOI: 10.3390/md14030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the discovery of metabolites from marine resources showing biological activity has increased significantly. Among marine resources, seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae and fucoidan in brown algae. Sulfated polysaccharides have been increasingly studied over the years in the pharmaceutical field, given their potential usefulness in applications such as the design of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of these polymers in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. General information regarding structure, extraction process and physicochemical properties is presented, along with a brief reference to reported biological activities. For each material, specific applications under the scope of drug delivery are described, addressing in privileged manner particulate carriers, as well as hydrogels and beads. A final section approaches the application of sulfated polysaccharides in targeted drug delivery, focusing with particular interest the capacity for macrophage targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmylla Cunha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Grenha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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58
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Grimaldi N, Andrade F, Segovia N, Ferrer-Tasies L, Sala S, Veciana J, Ventosa N. Lipid-based nanovesicles for nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6520-6545. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional lipid-based nanovesicles (L-NVs) prepared by molecular self-assembly of membrane components together with (bio)-active molecules, by means of compressed CO2-media or other non-conventional methods lead to highly homogeneous, tailor-made nanovesicles that are used for advanced nanomedicine. Confocal microscopy image of siRNA transfection using L-NVs, reprinted with permission from de Jonge,et al.,Gene Therapy, 2006,13, 400–411.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Grimaldi
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus Universitari de Bellaterra
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
- Nanomol Technologies SA
| | - F. Andrade
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus Universitari de Bellaterra
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
| | - N. Segovia
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus Universitari de Bellaterra
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
| | - L. Ferrer-Tasies
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus Universitari de Bellaterra
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
- Nanomol Technologies SA
| | - S. Sala
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus Universitari de Bellaterra
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
| | - J. Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus Universitari de Bellaterra
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
| | - N. Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus Universitari de Bellaterra
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
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59
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Pei Y, Yeo Y. Drug delivery to macrophages: Challenges and opportunities. J Control Release 2015; 240:202-211. [PMID: 26686082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are prevalent in the body and have roles in almost every aspect of human biology. They have often been considered a subject to avoid during drug delivery. However, with recent understanding of their diverse functions in diseases, macrophages have gained increasing interest as important therapeutic targets. To develop drug carriers to macrophages, it is important to understand their biological roles and requirements for efficient targeting. This review provides an overview of representative carriers and various approaches to address challenges in drug delivery to macrophages such as biodistribution, cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Pei
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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60
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Zhang Y, Chan JW, Moretti A, Uhrich KE. Designing polymers with sugar-based advantages for bioactive delivery applications. J Control Release 2015; 219:355-368. [PMID: 26423239 PMCID: PMC4656084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-based polymers have been extensively explored as a means to increase drug delivery systems' biocompatibility and biodegradation. Here,we review he use of sugar-based polymers for drug delivery applications, with a particular focus on the utility of the sugar component(s) to provide benefits for drug targeting and stimuli responsive systems. Specifically, numerous synthetic methods have been developed to reliably modify naturally-occurring polysaccharides, conjugate sugar moieties to synthetic polymer scaffolds to generate glycopolymers, and utilize sugars as a multifunctional building block to develop sugar-linked polymers. The design of sugar-based polymer systems has tremendous implications on both the physiological and biological properties imparted by the saccharide units and are unique from synthetic polymers. These features include the ability of glycopolymers to preferentially target various cell types and tissues through receptor interactions, exhibit bioadhesion for prolonged residence time, and be rapidly recognized and internalized by cancer cells. Also discussed are the distinct stimuli-sensitive properties of saccharide-modified polymers to mediate drug release under desired conditions. Saccharide-based systems with inherent pH- and temperature-sensitive properties, as well as enzyme-cleavable polysaccharides for targeted bioactive delivery, are covered. Overall, this work emphasizes inherent benefits of sugar-containing polymer systems for bioactive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jennifer W Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alysha Moretti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Abstract
Bacterial infections constitute an increasing problem to human health in response to build-up of resistance to present antibiotics and sluggish development of new pharmaceuticals. However, a means to address this problem is to pinpoint the drug delivery to-and into-the bacteria. This results in a high local concentration of the drug, circumventing the increasingly high doses otherwise necessary. Combined with other effectors, such as covalent attachment to carriers, rendering the drugs less degradable, and the combination with efflux inhibitors, old drugs can be revived. In this context, glyconanomaterials offer exceptional potential, since these materials can be tailored to accommodate different effectors. In this Concept article, we describe the different advantages of glyconanomaterials, and point to their potential in antibiotic "revitalization".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden).
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden).
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA (USA).
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62
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Ladavière C, Gref R. Toward an optimized treatment of intracellular bacterial infections: input of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3033-3055. [PMID: 26420270 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogenic bacteria can lead to some of the most life-threatening infections. By evolving a number of ingenious mechanisms, these bacteria have the ability to invade, colonize and survive in the host cells in active or latent forms over prolonged period of time. A variety of nanoparticulate systems have been developed to optimize the delivery of antibiotics. Main advantages of nanoparticulate systems as compared with free drugs are an efficient drug encapsulation, protection from inactivation, targeting infection sites and the possibility to deliver drugs by overcoming cellular barriers. Nevertheless, despite the great progresses in treating intracellular infections using nanoparticulate carriers, some challenges still remain, such as targeting cellular subcompartments with bacteria and delivering synergistic drug combinations. Engineered nanoparticles should allow controlling drug release both inside cells and within the extracellular space before reaching the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ladavière
- UMR CNRS 5223, IMP, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR CNRS 8214, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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Bhardwaj A, Mehta S, Yadav S, Singh SK, Grobler A, Goyal AK, Mehta A. Pulmonary delivery of antitubercular drugs using spray-dried lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1544-55. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1062389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Bhardwaj
- Department of Research Innovation & Consultancy, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
- IIPC Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shuchi Mehta
- IIPC Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Yadav
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudheer K. Singh
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anne Grobler
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Amit Kumar Goyal
- IIPC Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Abhinav Mehta
- IIPC Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Zhou QT, Leung SSY, Tang P, Parumasivam T, Loh ZH, Chan HK. Inhaled formulations and pulmonary drug delivery systems for respiratory infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 85:83-99. [PMID: 25451137 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections represent a major global health problem. They are often treated by parenteral administrations of antimicrobials. Unfortunately, systemic therapies of high-dose antimicrobials can lead to severe adverse effects and this calls for a need to develop inhaled formulations that enable targeted drug delivery to the airways with minimal systemic drug exposure. Recent technological advances facilitate the development of inhaled anti-microbial therapies. The newer mesh nebulisers have achieved minimal drug residue, higher aerosolisation efficiencies and rapid administration compared to traditional jet nebulisers. Novel particle engineering and intelligent device design also make dry powder inhalers appealing for the delivery of high-dose antibiotics. In view of the fact that no new antibiotic entities against multi-drug resistant bacteria have come close to commercialisation, advanced formulation strategies are in high demand for combating respiratory 'super bugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tony Zhou
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sharon Shui Yee Leung
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patricia Tang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zhi Hui Loh
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Lee WH, Loo CY, Traini D, Young PM. Nano- and micro-based inhaled drug delivery systems for targeting alveolar macrophages. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1009-26. [PMID: 25912721 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1039509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages are the most versatile cells in the hematopoietic system and are strategically distributed in tissues to fight pathogens or other foreign particles. In the lung, however, for intracellular infections such as tuberculosis, pneumonia and aspergillosis, bacteria and fungi utilize the alveolar macrophage as a breeding ground. This has become a challenge for the treatment of these infections, as most drugs do not effectively reach the macrophages at therapeutic levels. Alveolar macrophages also play an important role to initiative adaptive immunity toward combating inflammation and cancer in the lung. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the development of micro- and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to target alveolar macrophages in association with intracellular infections, cancer and lung inflammation. Aspects of nanoparticle and micron-sized particle engineering through exploitation of particles' physicochemical characteristics such as particle size, surface charge and geometry of particles are discussed. In addition, the application of nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and dendrimers are covered with respect to macrophage targeting. EXPERT OPINION Drug delivery targeted to alveolar macrophages in the lung is becoming a reality thanks to micro- and nanotechnology breakthrough. The literature review shows that regulation of physicochemical parameters of particles could be a recipe to enhance macrophage targeting and uptake. However, there is still a need to identify more target-specific receptors in order to facilitate drug targeting. Besides that, the toxicity of nanocarriers arising from prolonged residence in the lung should be taken into consideration during formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hin Lee
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, Respiratory Technology, The Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney, 2006 , Australia
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Heller P, Mohr N, Birke A, Weber B, Reske-Kunz A, Bros M, Barz M. Directed Interactions of Block Copolypept(o)ides with Mannose-binding Receptors: PeptoMicelles Targeted to Cells of the Innate Immune System. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:63-73. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Heller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Angelika Reske-Kunz
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
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67
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Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Strategies and Challenges. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Patel B, Gupta N, Ahsan F. Particle engineering to enhance or lessen particle uptake by alveolar macrophages and to influence the therapeutic outcome. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:163-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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69
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Jain R, Dandekar P, Loretz B, Koch M, Lehr CM. Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer-siRNA nanoparticles for silencing a therapeutically relevant gene in macrophages. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DMC nanoparticles target Bfl1/A1 gene in lung macrophages and effective silencing of Bfl1/A1 gene by DMC nanoparticles paves the way for research on alternative treatment strategies for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- NP Marg
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- NP Marg
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL)
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)
- Campus A4 1
- Saarland University
- Saarbrücken
| | - Marcus Koch
- Innovative Electron Microscopy
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials
- Service Group Physical Analysis
- Campus D2 2
- Saarland University
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL)
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)
- Campus A4 1
- Saarland University
- Saarbrücken
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70
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Pastor M, Moreno-Sastre M, Esquisabel A, Sans E, Viñas M, Bachiller D, Asensio VJ, Pozo ÁD, Gainza E, Pedraz JL. Sodium colistimethate loaded lipid nanocarriers for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections associated with cystic fibrosis. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:485-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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71
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Liposomes as carriers of hydrophilic small molecule drugs: Strategies to enhance encapsulation and delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:345-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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72
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Rubin BK, Williams RW. Emerging aerosol drug delivery strategies: from bench to clinic. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:141-8. [PMID: 24993613 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with tracheostomies, those requiring mechanical ventilation, and those too small or compromised for conventional devices, are realizing the benefits of increasingly sophisticated aerosol delivery systems. New medicines and novel aerosol formulations, have enhanced our ability to treat lung disease, and are opening the doors for therapy to treat diseases like diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, and cancer. Progress in the aerosol delivery of drugs has been spurred by the significant benefits, including ease of use, patient comfort, greater selectivity of effect, and the potential to decrease side effects.
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73
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Cipolla D, Shekunov B, Blanchard J, Hickey A. Lipid-based carriers for pulmonary products: preclinical development and case studies in humans. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:53-80. [PMID: 24819218 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A number of lipid-based technologies have been applied to pharmaceuticals to modify their drug release characteristics, and additionally, to improve the drug loading for poorly soluble drugs. These technologies, including solid-state lipid microparticles, many of which are porous in nature, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, are increasingly being developed for inhalation applications. This article provides a review of the rationale for the use of these technologies in the pulmonary delivery of drugs, and summarizes the manufacturing processes and their limitations, the in vitro and in vivo performance of these systems, the safety of these lipid-based systems in the lung, and their promise for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cipolla
- Aradigm Corporation, 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Boris Shekunov
- Shire Corporation, 725 Chesterbrook Blvd, Wayne, PA 19087, USA
| | - Jim Blanchard
- Aradigm Corporation, 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Anthony Hickey
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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74
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Zhu X, Radovic-Moreno AF, Wu J, Langer R, Shi J. Nanomedicine in the Management of Microbial Infection - Overview and Perspectives. NANO TODAY 2014; 9:478-498. [PMID: 25267927 PMCID: PMC4175422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
For more than 2 billion years, microbes have reigned on our planet, evolving or outlasting many obstacles they have encountered. In the 20th century, this trend took a dramatic turn with the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines. Nevertheless, since then, microbes have progressively eroded the effectiveness of previously successful antibiotics by developing resistance, and many infections have eluded conventional vaccine design approaches. Moreover, the emergence of resistant and more virulent strains of bacteria has outpaced the development of new antibiotics over the last few decades. These trends have had major economic and health impacts at all levels of the socioeconomic spectrum - we need breakthrough innovations that could effectively manage microbial infections and deliver solutions that stand the test of time. The application of nanotechnologies to medicine, or nanomedicine, which has already demonstrated its tremendous impact on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, is rapidly becoming a major driving force behind ongoing changes in the antimicrobial field. Here we provide an overview on the current progress of nanomedicine in the management of microbial infection, including diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, drug delivery, medical devices, and vaccines, as well as perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in antimicrobial nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aleksandar F. Radovic-Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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75
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Biodegradable nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of antimicrobial agents. J Control Release 2014; 187:101-17. [PMID: 24878179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable nanoparticles have emerged as a promising strategy for ferrying antimicrobial agents into specific cells due to their unique properties. This review discusses the current progress and challenges of biodegradable nanoparticles for intracellular antimicrobial delivery to understand design principles for the development of ideal nanocarriers. The intracellular delivery performances of biodegradable nanoparticles for diverse antimicrobial agents are first summarized. Second, the cellular internalization and intracellular trafficking, degradation and release kinetics of nanoparticles as well as their relation with intracellular delivery of encapsulated antimicrobial agents are provided. Third, the influences of nanoparticle properties on the cellular internalization and intracellular fate of nanoparticles and their payload antimicrobial agents are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of antimicrobial agents are addressed. The review will be helpful to the scientists who are interested in searching for more efficient nanosystem strategies for intracellular delivery of antimicrobial agents.
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76
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Morimoto K. [Designs of optimized microbial therapy systems of respiratory infections]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 133:81-92. [PMID: 23292024 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several respiratory infections are frequently induced by pathogenic microorganisms in lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar macrophages (AM). Then, two studies concerning designs of antimicrobial therapy systems of respiratory infections were carried out; one was the distribution mechanisms of three macrolide and ketolide antibiotics, clarithromycin (CAM), azithromycin (AZM) and telithromycin (TEL) in plasma, ELF and AM, and the other was the efficient drug delivery to AM by pulmonary administration of fluoroquinolone antibiotic, a ciprofloxacin (CPFX) incorporated into liposomes (CPFX-liposome). In the first study, the areas under drug concentration-time curves (AUCs) in ELF following oral administration of three macrolide and ketolide antibiotics to rats were significantly higher than AUCs in plasma, furthermore AUCs in AM significantly higher than AUCs in ELF. The high distribution of these antibiotics to the respiratory infection site is due to the transport from blood to ELF via MDR1 in lung epithelial cells as well as the uptake by AM. These antibiotics were taken up by AM via active transport system and the trapping in organelles. In the second study, drug delivery efficacy of CPFX-liposome to AM was particle size-dependent over the 100-1000 nm and then become constant at over 1000 nm by pulmonary aerosolization to rats. This result indicates that the most effective size is 1000 nm. Furthermore, the drug delivery efficacy of mannosylated CPFX-liposome (particle size: 1000 nm) was highly delivered to AM and antibacterial effects were significantly higher than those of unmodified CPFX-liposome. This review provides useful findings for microbial therapy systems of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Morimoto
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan.
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77
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Momen-Heravi F, Bala S, Bukong T, Szabo G. Exosome-mediated delivery of functionally active miRNA-155 inhibitor to macrophages. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1517-27. [PMID: 24685946 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, membranous nanovesicles, naturally carry bio-macromolecules and play pivotal roles in both physiological intercellular crosstalk and disease pathogenesis. Here, we showed that B cell-derived exosomes can function as vehicles to deliver exogenous miRNA-155 mimic or inhibitor into hepatocytes or macrophages, respectively. Stimulation of B cells significantly increased exosome production. Unlike in parental cells, baseline level of miRNA-155 was very low in exosomes derived from stimulated B cells. Exosomes loaded with a miRNA-155 mimic significantly increased miRNA-155 levels in primary mouse hepatocytes and the liver of miRNA-155 knockout mice. Treatment of RAW macrophages with miRNA-155 inhibitor loaded exosomes resulted in statistically significant reduction in LPS-induced TNFα production and partially prevented LPS-induced decrease in SOCS1 mRNA levels. Furthermore, exosome-mediated miRNA-155 inhibitor delivery resulted in functionally more efficient inhibition and less cellular toxicity compared to conventional transfection methods. Similar approaches could be useful in modification of target biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. From the clinical editor: In this study, exosome-based delivery of miRNA-155 mimicker or inhibitor was found to have significant biological response in hepatocytes and macrophages. Exosome-based approaches may be useful in the modification of other target biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shashi Bala
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Terence Bukong
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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78
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Liu X, Huang G. Formation strategies, mechanism of intracellular delivery and potential clinical applications of pH-sensitive liposomes. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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79
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Liu C, Shi J, Dai Q, Yin X, Zhang X, Zheng A. In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of ciprofloxacin liposomes for pulmonary administration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 41:272-8. [PMID: 24252110 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.858740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the ciprofloxacin liposome of high encapsulation efficiency with optimal physical properties for pulmonary administration and to test its in-vivo potential in rats. METHODS Ciprofloxacin-loaded liposome was prepared by gradient of ammonium sulfate method. The particle size and morphology were determined using a NANOPHOX particle size analyzer and a transmission electron microscope, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was calculated by UV spectrophotometry. Ciprofloxacin liposome released in vitro was performed using simulated lung fluid. In-vivo studies, pharmacokinetics and pulmonary distribution, HPLC method was established to determine the concentration of ciprofloxacin in rat plasma and lung tissue. The pulmonary pathological section was used to observe the change of pulmonary pathology. RESULTS The optimized ciprofloxacin liposome, which had a high encapsulation efficiency of 93.96%, and an average particle size of 349.6 nm with a span of 0.42, showed sustained in-vitro release. The optimized ciprofloxacin liposome was further examined in the in-vivo study in rats. The concentration of ciprofloxacin in lung and blood was simultaneously determined in each rat. The ratio of the AUClung value between ciprofloxacin liposome and ciprofloxacin solution was 288.33, whereas the relative bioavailability was 72.42%, and the drug targeting efficiency of ciprofloxacin liposome and ciprofloxacin solution by intratracheal administration were 799.71 and 2.01, respectively. CONCLUSION Ciprofloxacin liposome for pulmonary administration offered an attractive alternative that was able to deliver high concentrations of antibiotic directly to the chosen target site while minimizing the local irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Hebei Province , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
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80
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Andrade F, Rafael D, Videira M, Ferreira D, Sosnik A, Sarmento B. Nanotechnology and pulmonary delivery to overcome resistance in infectious diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1816-27. [PMID: 23932923 PMCID: PMC7103277 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Used since ancient times especially for the local treatment of pulmonary diseases, lungs and airways are a versatile target route for the administration of both local and systemic drugs. Despite the existence of different platforms and devices for the pulmonary administration of drugs, only a few formulations are marketed, partly due to physiological and technological limitations. Respiratory infections represent a significant burden to health systems worldwide mainly due to intrahospital infections that more easily affect immune-compromised patients. Moreover, tuberculosis (TB) is an endemic infectious disease in many developing nations and it has resurged in the developed world associated with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic. Currently, medicine faces the specter of antibiotic resistance. Besides the development of new anti-infectious drugs, the development of innovative and more efficient delivery systems for drugs that went off patent appears as a promising strategy pursued by the pharmaceutical industry to improve the therapeutic outcomes and to prolong the utilities of their intellectual property portfolio. In this context, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) emerged as a promising approach to circumvent the limitations of conventional formulations and to treat drug resistance, opening the hypothesis for new developments in this area.
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81
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Dube A, Lemmer Y, Hayeshi R, Balogun M, Labuschagne P, Swai H, Kalombo L. State of the art and future directions in nanomedicine for tuberculosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1725-34. [PMID: 24102208 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.846905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) ranks the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. However, treatment of TB is affected by poor patient compliance due to the requirement for daily drug administration, for lengthy periods of time, often with severe drug-induced side effects. Nanomedicines have the potential to improve treatment outcomes by providing therapies with reduced drug doses, administered less frequently, under shortened treatment durations. AREAS COVERED In this article, we present the pathophysiology of the disease, focusing on pulmonary TB and the characteristics of drugs used in treatment and discuss the application of nanomedicines within this scope. We also discuss new formulation approaches for TB nanomedicines and directions for future research. EXPERT OPINION Nanomedicines have the potential to improve TB treatment outcomes. New approaches such as nanoparticle systems able to impact the immune response of macrophages and deliver drug intracellularly, as well as the use of polymer-drug conjugates for drug delivery, are likely to play an important role in TB nanomedicines in future. However, further research is required before TB nanomedicines can be translated to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Admire Dube
- ANDI Centre of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Polymers and Composites, Encapsulation and Delivery Group , P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001 , South Africa
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82
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Lepenies B, Lee J, Sonkaria S. Targeting C-type lectin receptors with multivalent carbohydrate ligands. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1271-81. [PMID: 23727341 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) represent a large receptor family including collectins, selectins, lymphocyte lectins, and proteoglycans. CLRs share a structurally homologous carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) and often bind carbohydrates in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner. In innate immunity, CLRs serve as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and bind to the glycan structures of pathogens and also to self-antigens. In nature, the low affinity of CLR/carbohydrate interactions is overcome by multivalent ligand presentation at the surface of cells or pathogens. Thus, multivalency is a promising strategy for targeting CLR-expressing cells and, indeed, carbohydrate-based targeting approaches have been employed for a number of CLRs, including asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in the liver, or DC-SIGN expressed by dendritic cells. Since CLR engagement not only mediates endocytosis but also influences intracellular signaling pathways, CLR targeting may allow for cell-specific drug delivery and also the modulation of cellular functions. Glyconanoparticles, glycodendrimers, and glycoliposomes were successfully used as tools for CLR-specific targeting. This review will discuss different approaches for multivalent CLR ligand presentation and aims to highlight how CLR targeting has been employed for cell specific drug delivery. Major emphasis is directed towards targeting of CLRs expressed by antigen-presenting cells to modulate immune responses.
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83
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Alhariri M, Azghani A, Omri A. Liposomal antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1515-32. [PMID: 23886421 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.822860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liposomal delivery systems have been utilized in developing effective therapeutics against cancer and targeting microorganisms in and out of host cells and within biofilm community. The most attractive feature of liposome-based drugs are enhancing therapeutic index of the new or existing drugs while minimizing their adverse effects. AREAS COVERED This communication provides an overview on several aspects of liposomal antibiotics including the most widely used preparation techniques for encapsulating different agents and the most important characteristic parameters applied for examining shape, size and stability of the spherical vesicles. In addition, the routes of administration, liposome-cell interactions and host parameters affecting the biodistribution of liposomes are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes are safe and suitable for delivery of variety of molecules and drugs in biomedical research and medicine. They are known to improve the therapeutic index of encapsulated agents and reduce drug toxicity. Recent studies on liposomal formulation of chemotherapeutic and bioactive agents and their targeted delivery show liposomal antibiotics potential in the treatment of microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Alhariri
- Laurentian University, The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 , Canada +1 705 675 1151 ext. 2190 ; +1 705675 4844 ;
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84
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Osman R, Kan PL, Awad G, Mortada N, EL-Shamy AE, Alpar O. Spray dried inhalable ciprofloxacin powder with improved aerosolisation and antimicrobial activity. Int J Pharm 2013; 449:44-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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85
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Pulmonary disposition of vancomycin nebulized as lipid vesicles in rats. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:447-51. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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86
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87
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Composition influence on pulmonary delivery of rifampicin liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2012; 4:590-606. [PMID: 24300372 PMCID: PMC3834926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics4040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of lipid concentration and composition on the physicochemical properties, aerosol performance and in vitro toxicity activity of several rifampicin-loaded liposomes were investigated. To this purpose, six liposome formulations containing different amounts of soy phosphatidylcholine and hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine, with and without cholesterol and oleic acid, were prepared and fully characterized. Uni- or oligo-lamellar, small (~100 nm), negatively charged (~60 mV) vesicles were obtained. Lipid composition affected aerosol delivery features of liposomal rifampicin; in particular, the highest phospholipid concentration led to a better packing of the vesicular bilayers with a consequent higher nebulization stability. The retention of drug in nebulized vesicles (NER%) was higher for oleic acid containing vesicles (55% ± 1.4%) than for the other samples (~47%). A549 cells were used to evaluate intracellular drug uptake and in vitro toxicity activity of rifampicin-loaded liposomes in comparison with the free drug. Cell toxicity was more evident when oleic acid containing liposomes were used.
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88
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Kansal S, Tandon R, Dwivedi P, Misra P, Verma PRP, Dube A, Mishra PR. Development of nanocapsules bearing doxorubicin for macrophage targeting through the phosphatidylserine ligand: a system for intervention in visceral leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2650-60. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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89
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Dube D, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP. Tuberculosis: from molecular pathogenesis to effective drug carrier design. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:760-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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90
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Jain K, Kesharwani P, Gupta U, Jain NK. A review of glycosylated carriers for drug delivery. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4166-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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91
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Microspheres based on mannosylated lysine-co-sodium alginate for macrophage-specific delivery of isoniazid. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Jain S, Amiji M. Macrophage-Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery Systems. NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2305-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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93
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Tiwari S, Chaturvedi AP, Tripathi YB, Mishra B. Macrophage-specific targeting of isoniazid through mannosylated gelatin microspheres. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:900-8. [PMID: 21732158 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting of drug molecules can be achieved by effective attachment of suitable ligands to the surface of carriers. The present work was attempted to prepare mannosylated gelatin microspheres (m-GMs) so as to achieve targeted delivery of isoniazid (INH) to alveolar macrophages (AMs) and maintain its therapeutic concentration for prolonged period of time. Microspheres were prepared by emulsification solvent extraction method and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, drug release, ex vivo drug uptake by AMs and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis confirmed that mannosylation took place through Schiff base formation between aldehyde and amino groups of mannose and gelatin, respectively. Prepared microspheres offered suitable physicochemical characteristics for their delivery to AMs. Their average size was about 4 μm and drug entrapment efficiency of 56% was achieved with them. Ex vivo uptake results indicated that in comparison to plain microspheres, m-GMs were selectively uptaken and were found to be associated with phago-lysosomal vesicles of AMs. Pharmacokinetic studies showed the formulation could maintain the therapeutic concentration of INH for prolonged period of time even with a reduced clinical dose. m-GMs were found to be stable in broncheo-alveolar lavage fluid. The study concluded that ligand decorated carriers could be a potential strategy to improve the therapeutic properties of INH.
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Sugar-labeled and PEGylated (bio)degradable polymers intended for targeted drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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95
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"Nanoantibiotics": a new paradigm for treating infectious diseases using nanomaterials in the antibiotics resistant era. J Control Release 2011; 156:128-45. [PMID: 21763369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1035] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that we live in an era of advanced and innovative technologies for elucidating underlying mechanisms of diseases and molecularly designing new drugs, infectious diseases continue to be one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. The main drawbacks for conventional antimicrobial agents are the development of multiple drug resistance and adverse side effects. Drug resistance enforces high dose administration of antibiotics, often generating intolerable toxicity, development of new antibiotics, and requests for significant economic, labor, and time investments. Recently, nontraditional antibiotic agents have been of tremendous interest in overcoming resistance that is developed by several pathogenic microorganisms against most of the commonly used antibiotics. Especially, several classes of antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) and nanosized carriers for antibiotics delivery have proven their effectiveness for treating infectious diseases, including antibiotics resistant ones, in vitro as well as in animal models. This review summarizes emerging efforts in combating against infectious diseases, particularly using antimicrobial NPs and antibiotics delivery systems as new tools to tackle the current challenges in treating infectious diseases.
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96
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Sou K, Goins B, Oyajobi BO, Travi BL, Phillips WT. Bone marrow-targeted liposomal carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:317-28. [PMID: 21275831 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.553218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow-targeted drug delivery systems appear to offer a promising strategy for advancing diagnostic, protective and/or therapeutic medicine for the hematopoietic system. Liposome technology can provide a drug delivery system with high bone marrow targeting that is mediated by specific phagocytosis in bone marrow. AREA COVERED This review focuses on a bone marrow-specific liposome formulation labeled with technetium-99 m. Interspecies differences in bone marrow distribution of the bone marrow-targeted formulation are emphasized. This review provides a liposome technology to target bone marrow. In addition, the selection of proper species for the investigation of bone marrow targeting is suggested. EXPERT OPINION It can be speculated that the bone marrow macrophages have a role in the delivery of lipids to the bone marrow as a source of energy and for membrane biosynthesis or in the delivery of fat-soluble vitamins for hematopoiesis. This homeostatic system offers a potent pathway to deliver drugs selectively into bone marrow tissues from blood. High selectivity of the present bone marrow-targeted liposome formulation for bone marrow suggests the presence of an active and specific mechanism, but specific factors affecting the uptake of the bone marrow mononuclear phagocyte system are still unknown. Further investigation of this mechanism will increase our understanding of factors required for effective transport of agents to the bone marrow, and may provide an efficient system for bone marrow delivery for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Sou
- Waseda University (TWIns), Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo 162 8480, Japan.
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97
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Forbes B, Asgharian B, Dailey LA, Ferguson D, Gerde P, Gumbleton M, Gustavsson L, Hardy C, Hassall D, Jones R, Lock R, Maas J, McGovern T, Pitcairn GR, Somers G, Wolff RK. Challenges in inhaled product development and opportunities for open innovation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:69-87. [PMID: 21144875 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dosimetry, safety and the efficacy of drugs in the lungs are critical factors in the development of inhaled medicines. This article considers the challenges in each of these areas with reference to current industry practices for developing inhaled products, and suggests collaborative scientific approaches to address these challenges. The portfolio of molecules requiring delivery by inhalation has expanded rapidly to include novel drugs for lung disease, combination therapies, biopharmaceuticals and candidates for systemic delivery via the lung. For these drugs to be developed as inhaled medicines, a better understanding of their fate in the lungs and how this might be modified is required. Harmonized approaches based on 'best practice' are advocated for dosimetry and safety studies; this would provide coherent data to help product developers and regulatory agencies differentiate new inhaled drug products. To date, there are limited reports describing full temporal relationships between pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) measurements. A better understanding of pulmonary PK and PK/PD relationships would help mitigate the risk of not engaging successfully or persistently with the drug target as well as identifying the potential for drug accumulation in the lung or excessive systemic exposure. Recommendations are made for (i) better industry-academia-regulatory co-operation, (ii) sharing of pre-competitive data, and (iii) open innovation through collaborative research in key topics such as lung deposition, drug solubility and dissolution in lung fluid, adaptive responses in safety studies, biomarker development and validation, the role of transporters in pulmonary drug disposition, target localisation within the lung and the determinants of local efficacy following inhaled drug administration.
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98
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Microbiological insights into respiratory infections and the opportunities for inhaled therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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99
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Targeted liposomal drug delivery to monocytes and macrophages. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2010; 2011:727241. [PMID: 21512579 PMCID: PMC3065850 DOI: 10.1155/2011/727241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As the role of monocytes and macrophages in a range of diseases is better understood, strategies to target these cell types are of growing importance both scientifically and therapeutically. As particulate carriers, liposomes naturally target cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), particularly macrophages. Loading drugs into liposomes can therefore offer an efficient means of drug targeting to MPS cells. Physicochemical properties including size, charge and lipid composition can have a very significant effect on the efficiency with which liposomes target MPS cells. MPS cells express a range of receptors including scavenger receptors, integrins, mannose receptors and Fc-receptors that can be targeted by the addition of ligands to liposome surfaces. These ligands include peptides, antibodies and lectins and have the advantages of increasing target specificity and avoiding the need for cationic lipids to trigger intracellular delivery. The goal for targeting monocytes/macrophages using liposomes includes not only drug delivery but also potentially a role in cell ablation and cell activation for the treatment of conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, HIV, and chronic inflammation.
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100
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Kurmi BD, Kayat J, Gajbhiye V, Tekade RK, Jain NK. Micro- and nanocarrier-mediated lung targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:781-94. [PMID: 20560777 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.492212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Drug delivery to lungs appears to be an attractive proposition on account of the large surface area of the alveolar region; it provides tremendous opportunities to improve drug therapies both systemically and locally using new drug delivery systems. Administration of drugs directly to the lungs is the most appropriate route in the treatment of asthma and other pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focuses on the utilization of nano- and microcarriers such as microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes and dendrimers for targeted delivery of bioactive molecules to lungs. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review sheds light on the current status of nano- and microcarrier-mediated lung targeting of bioactive compounds. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The literature review shows that carriers could supplement sustained drug delivery to the lungs, extended duration of action, reduced therapeutic dose, improved patient compliance, and reduced adverse effects of highly toxic drugs. There is still a need to identify more specific receptors that are present exclusively in the lungs. The identification of such receptors may also facilitate drug targeting to further specific parts of the lungs, such as bronchioles and alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balak D Kurmi
- Dr Hari Singh Gour University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Sagar 470 003, India
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