51
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Hui S(R, Shaigan N, Neburchilov V, Zhang L, Malek K, Eikerling M, Luna PD. Three-Dimensional Cathodes for Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2: From Macro- to Nano-Engineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1884. [PMID: 32962288 PMCID: PMC7558977 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions and their climate warming effects have triggered a global response in research and development to reduce the emissions of this harmful greenhouse gas. The use of CO2 as a feedstock for the production of value-added fuels and chemicals is a promising pathway for development of renewable energy storage and reduction of carbon emissions. Electrochemical CO2 conversion offers a promising route for value-added products. Considerable challenges still remain, limiting this technology for industrial deployment. This work reviews the latest developments in experimental and modeling studies of three-dimensional cathodes towards high-performance electrochemical reduction of CO2. The fabrication-microstructure-performance relationships of electrodes are examined from the macro- to nanoscale. Furthermore, future challenges, perspectives and recommendations for high-performance cathodes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang (Rob) Hui
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Nima Shaigan
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Vladimir Neburchilov
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Kourosh Malek
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Modelling and Simulation of Energy Materials, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Phil De Luna
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
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52
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Sakamoto N, Nishimura YF, Nonaka T, Ohashi M, Ishida N, Kitazumi K, Kato Y, Sekizawa K, Morikawa T, Arai T. Self-assembled Cuprous Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction into C2 Products. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naonari Sakamoto
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | | | - Takamasa Nonaka
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Masataka Ohashi
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ishida
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kitazumi
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Keita Sekizawa
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morikawa
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Takeo Arai
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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53
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Fundamentals of Gas Diffusion Electrodes and Electrolysers for Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Challenges and Opportunities. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis plays a prominent role in the development of carbon dioxide utilisation technologies. Many new and improved CO2 conversion catalysts have been developed in recent years, progressively achieving better performance. However, within this flourishing field, a disconnect in catalyst performance evaluation has emerged as the Achilles heel of CO2 electrolysis. Too often, catalysts are assessed in electrochemical settings that are far removed from industrially relevant operational conditions, where CO2 mass transport limitations should be minimised. To overcome this issue, gas diffusion electrodes and gas-fed electrolysers need to be developed and applied, presenting new challenges and opportunities to the CO2 electrolysis community. In this review, we introduce the reader to the fundamentals of gas diffusion electrodes and gas-fed electrolysers, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss in detail the design of gas diffusion electrodes and their operation within gas-fed electrolysers in both flow-through and flow-by configurations. Then, we correlate the structure and composition of gas diffusion electrodes to the operational performance of electrolysers, indicating options and prospects for improvement. Overall, this study will equip the reader with the fundamental understanding required to enhance and optimise CO2 catalysis beyond the laboratory scale.
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54
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Zhong M, Tran K, Min Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Dinh CT, De Luna P, Yu Z, Rasouli AS, Brodersen P, Sun S, Voznyy O, Tan CS, Askerka M, Che F, Liu M, Seifitokaldani A, Pang Y, Lo SC, Ip A, Ulissi Z, Sargent EH. Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning. Nature 2020; 581:178-183. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Increasing risks from global warming impose an urgent need to develop technologically and economically feasible means to reduce CO2 content in the atmosphere. Carbon capture and utilization technologies and carbon markets have been established for this purpose. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) presents a promising solution, fulfilling carbon-neutral goals and sustainable materials production. This review aims to elaborate on various components in CO2RR reactors and relevant industrial processing. First, major performance metrics are discussed, with requirements obtained from a techno-economic analysis. Detailed discussions then emphasize on (i) technical benefits and challenges regarding different reactor types, (ii) critical features in flow cell systems that enhance CO2 diffusion compared to conventional H-cells, (iii) electrolyte and its effect on liquid phase electrolyzers, (iv) catalysts for feasible products (carbon monoxide, formic acid and multi-carbons) and (v) strategies on flow channel and anode design as next steps. Finally, specific perspectives on CO2 feeds for the reactor and downstream purification techniques are annotated as part of the CO2RR industrial processing. Overall, we focus on the component and system aspects for the design of a CO2RR reactor, while pointing out challenges and opportunities to realize the ultimate goal of viable carbon capture and utilization technology.
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56
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Delafontaine L, Asset T, Atanassov P. Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Electrocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction towards Syngas Generation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1688-1698. [PMID: 31961996 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Shifting syngas (an H2 /CO mixture) production away from fossil-fuel-dependent processes (e.g., steam methane reforming and coal gasification) is mandatory, as syngas is of interest as both a fuel and as a value-added chemical precursor. With appropriate electrocatalysts, such as silver-based and metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) materials, the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) allows for the production of CO alongside H2 (from the hydrogen evolution reaction), and thus leads to syngas generation. In this Minireview, the application of M-N-C electrocatalysts for syngas generation is discussed. The mechanisms leading to different faradaic selectivities for CO are reviewed as a function of the nature of the metal, by using both computational and experimental approaches. The role played by the metal-free moieties in the M-N-C electrocatalysts is underlined. Since M-N-C electrocatalysts only recently entered the CO2 RR field (as opposed to Cu-, Ag-, or Au-based nanostructures), they have been mainly characterized in static liquid environments, in which the reaction rate is significantly hampered by CO2 -dissolution/diffusion limitations. Therefore, the design of CO2 RR electrolyzers for M-N-C electrocatalysts is addressed, and designs such as zero-gap electrolyzers with anionic membranes and humidified CO2 gas feed at the cathode are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Delafontaine
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2580, USA
| | - Tristan Asset
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2580, USA
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2580, USA
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57
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Zhang J, Yang P, Zheng J, Li J, Fu Q, He Y, Zou Y, Wu X, Cheng C, Wang F. Enhanced carbon dioxide reduction in a thin-film rotating disk photocatalytic fuel cell reactor. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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58
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Romero Cuellar N, Scherer C, Kaçkar B, Eisenreich W, Huber C, Wiesner-Fleischer K, Fleischer M, Hinrichsen O. Two-step electrochemical reduction of CO2 towards multi-carbon products at high current densities. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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59
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Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to high value chemicals using gas-diffusion electrodes. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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60
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Duarte M, De Mot B, Hereijgers J, Breugelmans T. Electrochemical Reduction of CO
2
: Effect of Convective CO
2
Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Duarte
- Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Bert De Mot
- Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Jonas Hereijgers
- Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
- Separation & Conversion Technologies, VITO Boeretang 200 2400 Mol Belgium
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61
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Operando Laboratory X-Ray Imaging of Silver-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes during Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Highly Alkaline Media. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172686. [PMID: 31443453 PMCID: PMC6747613 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Operando laboratory X-ray radiographies were carried out for imaging of two different silver-based gas diffusion electrodes containing an electroconductive Ni mesh structure, one gas diffusion electrode composed of 95 wt.% Ag and 5 wt.% polytetrafluoroethylene and one composed of 97 wt.% Ag and 3 wt.% polytetrafluoroethylene, under different operating parameters. Thereby, correlations of their electrochemical behavior and the transport of the 30 wt.% NaOH electrolyte through the gas diffusion electrodes were revealed. The work was divided into two parts. In the first step, the microstructure of the gas diffusion electrodes was analyzed ex situ by a combination of focused ion beam technology and synchrotron as well as laboratory X-ray tomography and radiography. In the second step, operando laboratory X-ray radiographies were performed during chronoamperometric measurements at different potentials. The combination of the ex situ microstructural analyses and the operando measurements reveals the impact of the microstructure on the electrolyte transport through the gas diffusion electrodes. Hence, an impact of the Ni mesh structure within the gas diffusion electrode on the droplet formation could be shown. Moreover, it could be observed that increasing overpotentials cause increasing electrolyte transport velocities and faster droplet formation due to electrowetting. In general, higher electrolyte transport velocities were found for the gas diffusion electrode with 97 wt.% Ag in contrast to that with 95 wt.% Ag.
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62
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Kibria MG, Edwards JP, Gabardo CM, Dinh CT, Seifitokaldani A, Sinton D, Sargent EH. Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807166. [PMID: 31095806 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a promising route to convert intermittent renewable energy to storable fuels and valuable chemical feedstocks. To scale this technology for industrial implementation, a deepened understanding of how the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) proceeds will help converge on optimal operating parameters. Here, a techno-economic analysis is presented with the goal of identifying maximally profitable products and the performance targets that must be met to ensure economic viability-metrics that include current density, Faradaic efficiency, energy efficiency, and stability. The latest computational understanding of the CO2 RR is discussed along with how this can contribute to the rational design of efficient, selective, and stable electrocatalysts. Catalyst materials are classified according to their selectivity for products of interest and their potential to achieve performance targets is assessed. The recent progress and opportunities in system design for CO2 electroreduction are described. To conclude, the remaining technological challenges are highlighted, suggesting full-cell energy efficiency as a guiding performance metric for industrial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Edwards
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Christine M Gabardo
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Cao-Thang Dinh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ali Seifitokaldani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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63
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Burkart MD, Hazari N, Tway CL, Zeitler EL. Opportunities and Challenges for Catalysis in Carbon Dioxide Utilization. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Cathy L. Tway
- Johnson Matthey, 2 Trans Am Plaza Drive, Suite 230, Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois 60181, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Zeitler
- Board on Energy
and Environmental Systems, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
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64
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Endrődi B, Kecsenovity E, Samu A, Darvas F, Jones RV, Török V, Danyi A, Janáky C. Multilayer Electrolyzer Stack Converts Carbon Dioxide to Gas Products at High Pressure with High Efficiency. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2019; 4:1770-1777. [PMID: 31328172 PMCID: PMC6632018 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a value-added approach to both decrease the atmospheric emission of carbon dioxide and form valuable chemicals. We present a zero gap electrolyzer cell, which continuously converts gas phase CO2 to products without using any liquid catholyte. This is the first report of a multilayer CO2 electrolyzer stack for scaling up the electrolysis process. CO formation with partial current densities above 250 mA cm-2 were achieved routinely, which was further increased to 300 mA cm-2 (with ∼95% faradic efficiency) by pressurizing the CO2 inlet (up to 10 bar). Evenly distributing the CO2 gas among the layers, the electrolyzer operates identically to the sum of multiple single-layer electrolyzer cells. When passing the CO2 gas through the layers consecutively, the CO2 conversion efficiency increased. The electrolyzer simultaneously provides high partial current density, low cell voltage (-3.0 V), high conversion efficiency (up to 40%), and high selectivity for CO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Endrődi
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- E-mail: (B. Endrődi)
| | - E. Kecsenovity
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - A. Samu
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - F. Darvas
- ThalesNano
Inc., Záhony u.
7, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | - R. V. Jones
- ThalesNano
Inc., Záhony u.
7, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | - V. Török
- ThalesNano
Inc., Záhony u.
7, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | - A. Danyi
- ThalesNano
Inc., Záhony u.
7, Budapest 1031, Hungary
| | - C. Janáky
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- E-mail: (C. Janáky)
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65
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Vennekötter JB, Scheuermann T, Sengpiel R, Wessling M. The electrolyte matters: Stable systems for high rate electrochemical CO2 reduction. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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66
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Romero Cuellar N, Wiesner-Fleischer K, Fleischer M, Rucki A, Hinrichsen O. Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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67
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Bienen F, Kopljar D, Löwe A, Aßmann P, Stoll M, Rößner P, Wagner N, Friedrich A, Klemm E. Utilizing Formate as an Energy Carrier by Coupling CO
2
Electrolysis with Fuel Cell Devices. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bienen
- German Aerospace Center (DLR)Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics Pfaffenwaldring 38 – 40 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dennis Kopljar
- German Aerospace Center (DLR)Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics Pfaffenwaldring 38 – 40 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Armin Löwe
- University of StuttgartInstitute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Pia Aßmann
- German Aerospace Center (DLR)Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics Pfaffenwaldring 38 – 40 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marvin Stoll
- University of StuttgartInstitute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Paul Rößner
- University of StuttgartInstitute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- German Aerospace Center (DLR)Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics Pfaffenwaldring 38 – 40 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andreas Friedrich
- German Aerospace Center (DLR)Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics Pfaffenwaldring 38 – 40 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Elias Klemm
- University of StuttgartInstitute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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68
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Liu K, Smith WA, Burdyny T. Introductory Guide to Assembling and Operating Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2019; 4:639-643. [PMID: 30882040 PMCID: PMC6413482 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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69
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Wu J, Sharifi T, Gao Y, Zhang T, Ajayan PM. Emerging Carbon-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide into Value-Added Chemicals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804257. [PMID: 30589109 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 provides a sustainable way to mitigate CO2 emissions, as well as store intermittent electrical energy into chemicals. However, its slow kinetics and the lack of ability to control the products of the reaction inhibit its industrial applications. In addition, the immature mechanistic understanding of the reduction process makes it difficult to develop a selective, scalable, and stable electrocatalyst. Carbon-based materials are widely considered as a stable and abundant alternative to metals for catalyzing some of the key electrochemical reactions, including the CO2 reduction reaction. In this context, recent research advances in the development of heterogeneous nanostructured carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2 are summarized. The leading factors for consideration in carbon-based catalyst research are discussed by analyzing the main challenges faced by electrochemical reduction of CO2 . Then the emerging metal-free doped carbon and aromatic N-heterocycle catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2 with an emphasis on the formation of multicarbon hydrocarbons and oxygenates are discussed. Following that, the recent progress in metal-nitrogen-carbon structures as an extension of carbon-based catalysts is scrutinized. Finally, an outlook for the future development of catalysts as well as the whole electrochemical system for CO2 reduction is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Tiva Sharifi
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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70
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Messias S, Sousa MM, Nunes da Ponte M, Rangel CM, Pardal T, Reis Machado AS. Electrochemical production of syngas from CO 2at pressures up to 30 bar in electrolytes containing ionic liquid. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00271e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2reduction in a reactor that can operate up to 100 bar and 80 °C, with a configuration similar to that of an alkaline electrolyser, for hydrogen production suitable to be used industrially is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Messias
- LAQV
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Miguel M. Sousa
- LAQV
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Manuel Nunes da Ponte
- LAQV
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Carmen M. Rangel
- LNEG
- National Laboratory of Energy and Geology
- 1649-038 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | | | - Ana S. Reis Machado
- LAQV
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
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